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ANNALS

CAMBRIDGE.

; . » r» ; , .

BY
CHARLES HENRY COOPER, F.S.A.,

TOWA^ CLERK.

VOLUME IV.

CAMBRIDGE :

PRINTED BY METCALFE AND PALMER.

(o30

CONTENTS OF VOLUME IV.

INTERREGNUM.

A.D. PAOS

1688. Address from the County to Prince of Orange . . . 1

1688-9. Elections for University and Tov/n . , . ib

WILLIAM AND MARY.

Thanksgiving-day .....

Proclamation of King and Queen

Verses on the Accession of the King and Queen

Charles Duke of Somerset elected Chancellor of University

Act for Aid .....

1689. Act appomting new oaths of allegiance and supremacy
King's Letter as to taking the new oaths
Installation of Duke of Somerset ....

Enquiry in House of Commons as to copies of King James's Decla

ration sent to Cambridge
Act for Aid ......

Act to vest in Universities presentation to Papists' benefices
Mr. Billers, Public Orator, deprived for refusing oaths
Election of Provost of King's College .
King's visit to Cambridge ....

"William Earl of Bedford elected Recorder

University Privilege claimed in action against Proctor for seizing
goods . . . . ■ .

Bonfires on King's birthday

Bill for confirming University Charters

Act for Aid .....

1689-90. Sir Robt. Sawyer, M.P. for University, expelled House of Commons ib

1690. Dr. Peachell starved to death

Act for Aid ......

Loggan's Cantabrigia Ulustrata
Memoir of Thomas Mace, musician
1690-1. Queen's Letter as to Mandate degrees

1691. Bishop Patrick establishes Lectiu-cs at St. Botolph's and St

Clement's .......

Act for Aid . .

2
ib
3
ib
4
ib
5
ib

ib
6
ib
8
ib
ib
11

ib
ib
ib

12
13
ib
ib
15

16
ib

i •«-• f-^ dT^ ./"^ <■■ \ /"^

11 CONTENTS.

A.D, VAOE

1691-2. Act for confirming University Charters rejected . . 17

Death of Governor Foxcroft .
Proposal for erection of a Shire Hall ....

1692. Bye-law against non-residence of Common Councilmen
Commission for repair of Great Bridge ....

Earthquake .......

Bye-law as to attornies in Town Court ....

Contested election for University ....

1692-3. Act for Aid and Assessment thereunder

Foundation of Storey's Almshouses ....

1693. E-obbery at Corpus Christi College Chapel
Contested election for County ....

1693-4. Act for Aid. .......

Form of Alehouse licences .....

1694. Stamp Act . . . . . . .

Mandamus for amotion of non-juring Fellows of St. John's
Pontagers indicted ......

Memoir of Richard Franck .....

1694-5. Verses on Death of Queen Mary ....

Corporation Address of condolence ....

Act for Aid .......

University Address on Queen Mary's death .

1695. Attempt to establish Physic Garden ....

Clause in Act for tax on Bachelors, &c.

Stamp Act .......

Ralph Thoresby's visit to Cambridge

Kmg expected at Cambridge .....

University wait on King at Newmarket

1695-6. Alehouse licences ......

Act for Aid .......

Contested election of Public Orator ....

John Clarke of Caius College degraded for stealing books
Address and Association to support the King

1696. Act for encouragement of Charitable Gifts
Bye- law as to precedency of Aldermen ....
Orders for Public Library .....
Renovation of University Press .....
Prohibition as to suit in Vicechancellor's Court

1696-7. Petitions of University and Town about Denver Sluice

Act for Aid . . . . . . .

Graces as to Library and Degrees in Foreign Universities

1697. Charles Earl of Manchester elected High Steward of the University
Decree for Cautions for payment of Scholars' bills
Verses and Addresses on Peace of Ryswick .
Oath of Undersheriff for preservation of University privileges .
Contested election for the County ....

1697-8. Syndicate for management of University Press

1698. Tax for disbanding forces .....
University visit King at Ne^vTnarket ....
Motion for mandamiis against the Mayor as Judge of Town Court

1698. Stamp Duties ......

Peers' letters relating to University election

Contested election for Town .....

Grace regulatmg rit^ht of voting in Senate

Mandamus as to a Fellowship election at Clare Hall
1698-9. Edward Earl of Orford elected High Steward of the Town

CONTENTS,

A.D. PAGE

1699. University visit King at Newmarket . . . . .42

Tax for disbanding army ...... i6

Bye- law as to election of Mayor . . . . . ib

Five Common- Coun oilmen displaced . . . . 43

Bye- law as to election of Common- Councilmen . . , ib

1699-1700. Petition against a Bill relating to qnalitication of Members of
Corporations .......

1700. Weights and Measures Act .....

Land Tax Act .......

Verses on Death of Duke of Gloucester

Robert Drake, Esq. elected Recorder ....

Proposal to restore navigation of Town

1701. Army tax ........

Weights and Measures Act .....

Proceedings of University against actors at Sturbridge Fair

Archbishop of Philoppopoli visits Cambridge

Addresses of University and Town on the French King's acknow

ledgmg the Pretender .....

Contested election for University ....
Case as to University Graduates in Physic practising in London
1701-2. Bill for improving navigation of the Cam

Act for oath of abjuration .....

ANNE.

Proclamation of the Queen
Verses and University Address on Death of William III., and the
Queen's Accession

1702. Corporation Address on same occasion
Sir John Cotton elected Recorder
Corporation Petition to Lord Admiral for convoy for Lynn and

Newcastle ships ......

1702-3. Complaint of non-graduates being Chancellors or Officials
Professorship of Chemistry established
Cam Navigation Act
Subsidy Act .....

1703. Commission for repair of Great Bridge
Pesthouses taken do-vvn
Notice of Dr. Thomas Bainbrig
Charity Schools established
Great storm ....

1704.

and

University Address on Queen's liberality to the Poor Clergy
Marlborough's victories .....

Consecration of new Chapel at Catharine Hall

Corporation Address on Marlborough's victories

Vicechancellor a governor of Queen Anne's Bounty

Foundation of Plumian Professorship

George Augustus Electoral Prince of Hanover, created Duke of
Cambridge ....
1705. The Queen's visit to Cambridge

Contested election for University . ; . .

Disjoute about Vicechancellor' s claim to precedency over Mayor-
Mayor and others discommuned .

The University send a Deputation to Jubilee at Franlcfort-on-the
Oder ......

Corporation Address on victories over the French, Bavarians, and
Spaniards ......

1706.

iv CONTENTS.

A.D. FAGB

Dr. Tudway, Music Professor, deprived for seditious -words . 76

Foundation of Sadleir Lectureships
1706-7. Memoir of James Drake, M.D. .

Copyright Bill ....
1707. University Address on Union with Scotland
Contested election of Town Clerk
Professorship of Anatomy established
Corporation Address on Union with Scotland .
1707-8. Addresses of University and Corporation on a threat of invasion ib

. ib

. 85

. 87
ib

. 97

1708. Notice of Lady Masham
Contested election for Town .
Corporation Address on battle of Oudenarde
Verses on Death of Prince George of Denmark .

1709. Benefactions of William Worts

1709-10. Window Tax Act

Proceedings on Petition relative to election for To^vn

1710. Bread Act ....
Copyright Act . . . . . ib
Corporation Address against mischievous and rebellious principles . 98
Mr. Laughton the Proctor interrupts a Tory party at the Rose Tavern 99
Charge of sedition against W. G. Ashenhurst of Trinity College . 100
Dispute about choice of Sturbridge Fair preacher . . ib
Contested elections for University and County . . . 101
Professor Whiston banished for heresy . , .102
Mr. Shepheard gives the great mace to the Town . .104

1710-11. Exception of Universities from Act relating to qualification of

Members of Parliament . . . . ib

1711. Clauses in Post Office and Stamp Acts . . . ib

1712. Suicide of Professor Sike . . . .105

Clause in Paper Duty Act .... ib

Act confirming augmentation of Divinity Professorships . ib

Pontage Tax . . . . . .107

University Address on preliminaries of Peace of Utrecht . 108

Corporation Address on same occasion . . . 109

Grace prohibiting Archdeacon of Ely or his Official from acting as

Vice chancellor . . . . . ib

Unsuccessful attempt to nominate a Fellow of a College for Vice-
chancellor . . . . . . ib

1712-13. Samuel Gatward, Esq. elected Recorder . .110

Disallowance of claim of conusance by University . . ib

1713. University Address on conclusion of Peace of Utrecht . Ill
Coi-poration Address on same occasion . . .112
Verses on Peace of Utrecht . . . . ib
Clause in Act enabling soldiers to exercise trades . .113

1714. Queen annexes Canonry of Norwich to Mastership of Catharine Hall ib
Schism Act . . . . . .114

1714. Theological disputation at Commencement . . , ib

Long's Music Speech . . . . .115

Eusden's Verses at Commencement . . . .116
Act for rendering more efiectual Acts relating to presentation to

Papists' benefices . . . . . ib
Plumian and Lucasian Professors made commissioners for dis-
covery of longitude at sea . . . .120

CONTENTS.

GEORGE THE FIRST.

Proclamation of the King ....

Verses on Death of Queen Anne and the King's Accession

University Address on same occasions

Corporation Address on same occasions

Declaration as to right of University to probate of wills, &c. .

Grace thereupon ......

1714-15. Thanks of University to Dr. Bentley for refuting the objections
of Freethmkers .....

Contested election for Town and County

1715. Proceedings on Petition complaining of Town election
Disturbances on King's and Pretender's birthdays
University Address on invasion by Pretender

Act for oaths of allegiance, &c. ....

Bishop Moore's Library given by King to the University, and

Address thereon .....
Edward Earl of Orford constituted Lord Lieutenant of the County
Grace in aid of suit against the College of Physicians
Aldermen voluntarily absent themselves from Corporate meetings

1716. Corporation Petition against Septennial Bill
Vicechancellor's notice against Scholars dining or supping in taverns
Jacobite disturbances .....
Archbishop Wake's letter as to College testimonials for Orders
Decree of Heads against tumults by Scholars

University Address on suppression of rebellion

Election of Vicechancellor ....

1716-17. Twenty-two fellows of St. John's deprived for refusing oaths to
government ......

Decision of King's Bench as to right of University Graduates in
Physic to practice in London

Contemplated visitation of Universities — Serjeant Miller's book
and proceedings thereupon ....

University Address on King's return to England

1717. Post between London and Cambridge
Eire at Barnwell
King's visit to Cambridge .
Contested election of Vicechancellor

1718. Indictment for non-repair of Great Bridge
Action as to Land-tax on Somersham Rectory
Notice of Alderman Newton and his diary
Action by Dr. Middleton against Dr. Bentley, who is deprived of

his degrees
Dr. Bentley's Petition to the King in Council .
Contested election of Vicechancellor
Proceedings against Philip Brooke, B.D., for disaffection to the

King ......

1719. An infant removed from Oxford to Cambridge by Court of Chancery
Death and will of Dr. Addenbrooke

Contested election of Vicechancellor ....
University Address on King's return to England
Corporation Petition as to decay of woollen trade

1720. Act for facilitating enlargement of Public Library .
Notice of Morris Drake Morris, Esq.

Pontage Tax ......

Subscriptions for Senate-House ....

Dr. Bentley's title to Regius Professorship of Divinity questioned
in King's Bench .....

121
ib
122
123
124
125

126
ih
ib
137
138
139

140

142
ib
ib
ib
ib
ib

143
ih
ib

145

ib
146

147
ib
148
150

ib
151

ib
159
160

ih
161

ib
162

ib
ih
163
ib

164

VI CONTENTS.

A,D.

Contested election of Vieeehancellor .
University Address on King's return to England
Contested election for University . . , ,

1720-1. Heads vote a pamphlet of Dr. Bentley's a libel on Dr. Colbatch

1721. Thanks of University voted to Gastrell Bishop of Chester and the

Earl of Nottingham . . . •

Corporation Petition respecting South Sea Scheme, &c. .
Office of Principal Librarian established .
1721-2. Proceedings against Dr. Bentley for a libel on Dr. Colbatch
Decree as to Tutors' fees ....

Arthur Earl of Anglesey elected High Steward of University
Letter from University to College of Physicians

1722. Contested election for the County
Mandamus for restoring Dr. Bentley to his degrees .
Foundation of Senate-House
Dispute between University and Town as to Land-tax

1722-3. Corporation Petition as to injiiry to navigation by neglect of
Bedford Level Corporation

1723. Composition between University and Town as to Land-tax

Dr. Colbatch punished for contempt in disputing authority of

King's Bench over the University
Dr. Middleton punished for contempt of the like kind
De Foe's account of Sturbridge Fair .
1723-4. Poll for rectory of Standish ....
Peremptory mandamus for restoring Dr. Bentley to his Degrees
Proposed enactment for enabling the facility of Physic to take

bodies of felons for dissection
Institution of Whitehall preachers

1724. New building at King's College ....
Stump Cross Turnpilte Act

Establishment of Professorship of Modern History .
University Address thereon
Maces given to Corporation by Mr. Bacon
Society of Cambridge Youths
Professorship of Botany established
Contested election for County
Establishment of Lord Almoner's Reader of Arabic .

1724-5. Turnpike Act for road from Foulmire to Cambridge
17'25. Appeals against Dr. Savage, Vieeehancellor

Zodiac club .....

1726. Dispute as to right of Heads to nominate for Public Orator .

Mrs. Forrester's Charity ....

Market Cross .....

1726-7. Cock-fighting .

University and Corporation Addresses

GEORGE THE SECOND.

1727. Proclamation of the King — Verses and Addresses on his Accession 192

Contested election for University . . . 194
Contested election for Town . . . .195

Order of procession at proclamation of Sturbridge Fair . ib

Efforts to obtain a Workhouse Act . . . . ib

1727-8. Edward Earl of Oxford and Mortimer elected High Steward of

the Town ..... 196

Henry Earl of Lincoln appointed Lord Lieutenant of the County . ib

CONTENTS. Vii

A.B. PAGK

1728. Letters-patent confirming establishment of Professorship of Modern

History . . . . . ,196

King's visit to Cambridge . , . . . ib

Extracts from Dr. Woodward's will . . . 198

Denial of University claim of conusance . . . 202
Contest for a Vintnership — Decree of Privy Council as to grace of

1698 ...... ih

Bellringer of King's College killed . . . , 203

Population of Cambridge . , , . ib

1728-9, Decree of Heads against Scholars frequenting taverns, &c. . 204

1729. Clause in Indemnity Act , , , . ib
Order for registering and regulating prices of hackney-coaches at

Sturbridge Fair . , , ' . . 205

Contested election, of Vicechancellor . . . 206

1729-30. Petition against a turnpike at the end of Trumpington-street

and Act thereupon , . . . . ib

1730. Henry Bromley, Esq. appointed Lieutenant of Cambridgeshire 208
Public Commencement — Senate-House opened . . ib
Disallowance of University claim of conusance iii action of replevin ib

1731. Dr. Nichols degraded for bookstealing . . . 209
Great fire at Barnwell . . . . . ib
Bye-law for registering Apprentices . , . , ib
Visit of Duke of Lorraine , , . . 210
Pontage Tax , . , . . . ib
Grace for Exercises in Lent Term . . . 211

1732. Riot — Grace against digging up bodies for dissection . . ib
Act as to qualification of Justices of the Peace . . ib
Grace to restrain migration from one College to another , .212

1732-3. Order for regulation of Spinning-house . . . ib

1733. Dispute between University and Corporation as to weighing hops

in Sturbridge Fair . . . , .213

Contested election of Vicechancellor , , . ib

1733-4. Freedom voted to Mr. Shippen . . . . ib

Verses on Marriage of Prince of Orange and Princess Koyal . ib

University Addresses on same occasion . . .214

1734. Act for further qualification of Justices of the Peace . 216
Election precept sent to Mayor only . . . .217
Bishop of Ely's adjudication depriving Dr. Bentley of the Master-
ship of Truiity College . . . . ib

Proceedings on nomination of Vicechancellor . . . ib

1735. Proceedings as to Copyright Act . . . 219
Mrs. Drummond, a quakeress, preaches on Castle-hill . . ib

1736. University Petition against Mortmain Act . . . ib
Proceedings as to such Act and provisos therein . . 220
Verses on Marriage of Prince of Wales . . . 223
Trial of Justice of Trinity College for stealing books , . ib
University Addresses on Marriage of Prince of Wales . 224
New Town Seal presented by Earl of Oxford, and Address to him

thereupon . . . . . .226

Corporate Orders restraining expense of entertainments at the Fairs 227
1736-7, Contested election for the Town . . . ib
Petitions to the House of Commons about a playhouse and dis-
tillery . . . , . . ib

1737. Playhouse and Tavern Act . , , , 229
Mad Tom . , . . . .235
Duke of Newcastle elected High Steward of University . 236
Press Syndicate . . . . . . ib

VUl CONTENTS.

A.D. PAGE

University Addresses on Birth of Princess Augusta of "Wales 236

Verses on Death of Queen Caroline . . . 238

1737-8. Rates for carriage of letters to London . . . ib

Grace as to M.A. degrees . . . . ib

1738. Act as to Papists' livings . . . . . ib

Pontage Tax ...... 240

University Addresses on Birth of Prince George of Wales, after

wards George III. ....

Bye-law that no Alderman be Mayor oftener than once in six years
Edict against schismatical congregations at Sturbridge Fair .
1738-9. Duckett, Fellow of Caius College, expelled for Atheism

1739. Repeal of Clause in Copyright Act
Mandamus as to Fellowship at Peterhouse
Syndicate to review and alter oaths

1740. Notice of Thomas Baker, B.D. . .
1740-41. Grace as to Tripos .....

1741. Daily post between Cambridge and London
Henry Lord Montfort elected High Steward of the Town
Mr. Seaton's will .....
Contested election of Public Orator
S. H. Pont, Esq. elected Recorder .
Henry Earl of Lincohi, made Lord Lieutenant of the County .

1742-3. Election of Dr. George as Provost of King's College .

1743. Town Address on battle of Dettingen, &c.
1743-4. Petitions as to Bedford Level Act .

University Address on threat of invasion, &c.

1744. County Address on designs of France and against the Pretender
Wine License Act .....
Cambridge Journal established

1744-5. Death of Valentine Ritz, a German painter

1745. Act as to qualification of Justices of the Peace .
Godmanchester and Newmarket Turnpike Act
Order that no Alderman should be Town Clerk
Remonstrance against rebuilding Denver Sluice
University Address on Rebellion
Corporation Address on reduction of Cape Breton and on the

Rebellion .....

County Address on Rebellion — Engagement in support of Consti-
tution and Subscription for raismg recruits

University vote for raising Soldiers
1745-6. Ducking chair .....

1746. University Address on Battle of Culloden .
Brinkley of St. John's tried for Murder
Thanksgiving for suppression of Scotch rebellion
Contested election of Professor of Anatomy

1746-7. Window Duty Act .....

1747. Smart's Trip to Cambridge acted at Pembroke Hall ,
Action relative to a distress in Stiirbridge Fair
Shire House on Market Hill erected .
Foundation of Battle's scholarship
Contested election for Rector of Irnham

1747-8. Oath on admission to Degrees ....
Case in Chancery as to Visitorship of Clare Hall

1748. Will of Thomas Lowndes, Esq. ....
Orders for Public Library ....
Christopher Anstey of King's College suspended from his degree

ofB.A, .....

CONTENTS. ix

A.D. PAGE

1748. Dramatic performances at Sturbridge Fair . . 262
University Address on Peace . . . . ib
The King intimates that the election of the Prince of Wales as

Chancellor of University would be displeasing to him. Duke

of Newcastle elected .... 263

Mr. Burrell presents a statue of Glory to the University . 264

Notice of Dr. John Whalley . . . 265

Corporation Address on the Peace . . . ih

Verses on Peace .... 266

1748-9. Proclamation of Peace . . . . ib

1749. Thanksgiving for the Peace .... 267
Will of Sir George Downing, Bart., for foundation of Downing

College . . . . . . ib

Act to enable Soldiers to exercise trades . . 268

Installation of Duke of Newcastle as Chancellor of University ib

Philip Earl of Hardwicke elected High- Steward of University 272

Carter's account of the Town . . . , ib

Population of the Town .... 274

Carter's account of Sturbridge Fair . . . 275

1750. Proceedings in the King's Bench respecting Trinity College 277
Proceedings in Chancery respecting St. John's College . ib
University Orders and Kegulations . . . 278
Grace as to right of Appeal . . . .281
Dispute between University and College of Physicians amicably

determined ..... ib
Address of University to their Chancellor thanking him for Orders

and Regulations . . . , , ib

Dispersion of Westminster Club . . . 282

1750-1. Proposed General Workhouse .... 283

Commission for repair of Great Bridge . . . ib

1751. Verses on Death of Frederick, Prince of Wales . . 284
Contested election of Librarian of University . . ib
Chancellor's Medals established . . . . ib
Contested election of Vicechancellor ... ib
Rejected Grace as to right of Appeal . . . 285
Decree against carrying torches or links . . ib
Attempt to stop Graces for Degrees . . . ib

1752. A Grace respecting right of Appeal again rejected . ib
Grace passed for determining dispute as to right of Appeal . ib
Inquisition as to Pontage Lands . . . 286
AValler of Trinity expelled for a blasphemous libel . . 290
Contested election of Public Orator ... ib
Members' Prizes established . . . . ib

1753. Proviso in Alehouse Act . . . . ib
Visit of Duke of Newcastle Chancellor . . . ib
Visit of Spanish Ambassador and Resident of Hanover , 29 1
Case as to right of Graduates in Physic to admission into

College of Physicians . . . . ib

1754. Repair of Market Cross .... ib
County election , . . . . ib
Cattle Market ..... ib
Visit of Duke of Newcastle Chancellor . . . ib

— Saint Mary's Throne .... ib

Great Bridge rebuilt ..... 292

1755. Thomas Lord Montfort elected High Steward of Town . ib
Visit of Duke of Newcastle Chancellor— First stone laid of New

Library . . . . . . ib

Verses on that occasion . . . . 293

Lord Townshend's Prizes .... 294

contp:nts.

1756. University Address ....

Corporation Address
Delaporte's Libel on To\\ti Magistrates
Case as to Visitor of St. John's
Riots about high price of Corn
Proviso in Wine Licence Act

Militia Act .....
Lord Royston made Lord Lieutenant
Fire at Barnwell ....

Lord Dupplin elected Recorder

Hyson Club .....
Militia Act ....

Bread Act .....

Visit of Duke of Newcastle Chancellor
Order as to Corporation Leases
Corporation weigh hops at Sturbridge Fair
University Address on Victories
Case as to right of University to print Statutes of the realm

1759. Alehouse Licences
Paper Duty Act ....
Cock-throwing on Slarove Tuesday
Proviso in Wine Licence Act
Conviction of a common scold
University Address on Battle of Minden, reduction of Quebec, &c
Corporation Address on Victories, and Death of General Wolfe

1760. Act as to Qualification of Members of Parliament
Visit of Duke of Newcastle Chancellor

GEORGE THE THIRD.

Proclamation of the King

University Addresses on the King's Accession

Corporation Addresses on same occasion

1761. Visit of Duke of Newcastle Chancellor
University Addresses on the King's Marriage
Corporation Address on same occasion
Verses on same occasion

1762. Militia Act ....
Dr. Walker's foundation of Botanic Garden
University Address on Birth of George Prince of Wales
Corporation Address on same occasion .
Description of Sturbridge Fair
Alderman Mott's Sermons
Flood ....
Cambridge Chronicle first published
A fox in Emmanuel College
Verses on Birth of Prince of Wales

1763. Act enabling discharged Mariners, &c. to set up trades
Cambridge and Ely Turnpike Act

Bread Act ....

Proclamation of Peace

University Address on Peace

Manilla colours placed m King's Chapel

Rejoicings for Peace

Verses on the Peace . .

Curious Advertisements

Corporation Address on the Peace

County Address on the Peace

CONTENTS. XI

A.U. PAGE

1763. Cantabrigia Depicta .... 330
Grace as to right of voting in Senate . . . 333

1764. Contested election of Iligli Steward of University . 334
Visit of Prince of Mecklenberg Strelitz . . . 335
Coach Advertisements .... ib
Poll for rectory of Ovington .... 336

1765. Contested election of Margaret Professor . . ib
Verdict against Vicechancellor for false imprisonment . ib
Notice of Jacob Butler, Esq. ... ib

Large carp . . . , . .339

Bye-law as to precedency of Aldermen ... ib
Ducking-chair ...... 340

Mayor's honorary Freeman .... ib

1766. Movement for liberty for Fellows of Colleges to marry . ib
Grace as to right of voting in Senate . . . 341
Taxors' return of prices of wheat and malt . . . 342
Bye-law as to election of honorary Freemen . . ib
Addenbrooke's Hospital opened . . . . ib
Visit of Duke of Newcastle Chancellor . , ib
Contested election for rectory of Thwaite St. Mary . . ib
Endowment of Professorship of Chemistry . . 343
Mandamus for election of Mayor . . . . ib
Comi^limentary letter from University to Duke of Newcastle Chan-
cellor on his resignation of state employments . ib

Mary Coe delivered of four children at a birth . . 344

1767. Election of Mayor imder Mandamus ... ib
Addenbrooke's Hospital Act . . . . ib
Augmentation of Tuition fees . . . 350

1760. Death and benefactions of Dr. Smith . . .351

Appeals as to rateability of Christ's and Emmanuel Colleges ib

Visit of King of Denmark . . . . ib

Mr. Titley's benefaction for Amphitheatre . . 352

, Vicechancellor' s notice as to Cornmarket . . . 353

' 7b^: Augustus Henry Duke of Grafton elected Chancellor . ib

1769. Proposed Paving Act . . . . , ib
University Address .... 354
Suit as to Catharine Hall Land-tax . . . ib
Clauses in Boiu-nbridge Turnpike Act . . . 355
Undergraduates' round cap abandoned and a square cap substituted ib
Listallation of Duke of Grafton Chancellor . . 356
Garret Hostel Bridge rebuilt . . . . 360
Contested election of Vicechancellor . . . 361

1770. Contested election of Esquire Bedel ... ib
Visit of Duke of Grafton Chancellor . . . ib

1771. Contested election for University ... ib
John Wilkes at Cambridge . . . . ib
Grace for defending University officers in the exercise of their

rights respecting suspected women . . 362

Rejection of Grace for dispensing with subscription . . ib

Fellow- Commoners indicted for assault ... ib

Opposition to Mr. Home's degree of M. A. . . . ib

Visit of Prince of Hesse Darmstadt ... ib

Rejection of Mr. Tyrwhitt's Grace exempting Bachelors of Arts

from subscription . . , " . . 363

Petition of Undergraduates against subscription . . ib

1772. Denial of University claim of conusance of indictment for assault 364
House of Commons refuse to receive Petition complaining of

subscription in Universities . . . . ib

Syndicate as to subscription .... 365

CONTENTS.

AiD.

1772.

1773.

1774.

1775.

1776.

1777.

1778.

Quo Warranto as to a Fellowship

St. Neots and Cambridge Turnpike Act

A Declaration substituted for subscription of Bachelors of Arts

Corporation insulted by members of University

Storm ......

Contested election of County Coroners

Attempt to nominate a Fellow of a College as Vicechancellor
Debate in House of Commons as to subscriptions and tests
Universities .....

Mr. Jebb's Graces for establishing annual examinations
Bread Act .....

Highway Act .....

Syndicate as to annual examinations

Kiot .....

Small Bridge rebuilt ....

Syndicate decide against proposed annual examinations

Grace as to form of election of Professor of Chemistry

Mr. Wilgress's Papistical sermon .

Contested election of rector of Burlingham

Contested election of Professor of Chemistry

Rejection of Mr. Jebb's Grace as to amiual examinations .

Syndicate as to examination

Visit of Duke of Grafton Chancellor

Death and benefactions of Sir William Browne

Rejection of annual examination scheme

Attack by Cambridgeshire Mihtia on the Scholars

Case as to rateability of Catharine Hall

Stephen Fovargue tried and acquitted of murder

Election of Mayor .....

Bye-law for residence of Common- Councilmen, &c.

Contested election for Town

Visit of Omai ....

Rejection of Graces for annual examinations
Death of P. S. Lamborn, engraver

Decision as to right of printing Almanacs

Contested election of rector of Bedale .

Case as to forcible expulsion of a Fellow- Commoner from

rooms in Queens' College
Prmce of Hesse and Danish Ambassador visit Cambridge .
Town Petition against American War

Counter Address .....
University Address on American War

Notice of Israel Lyons ....

Annual Examination scheme again rejected
Subscriptions for relief of the Clergy in North America
Visit of Duke of Wurtemberg
Quo Warranto against Freemen
Contested election for Town
Norrisian Professorship of Divinity founded
Corporation Address to Lord Cadogan
Corporation Petition as to Navigation .
Election of Vicechancellor
Stag-himt in St. John's College
Contested election of Registrary
Illumination on .\dmiral Keppel's acquittal
Window Tax Act

B3^e-law against stealing Corporation wine
Visit of Duke of Gloucester
Dr. Ewin expelled for visury

his

CONTENTS.

Xlll

1779. Erasmus' walk .....
Syndicate to examine Proctor's books
Graces respecting examination for Degree of B. A.
Grace dispensing with subscription on certain Degrees
Rejection of Bill for vesting sole right to print Almanacs in the

University, &c. ....

Contested elction for University
Dr. Ewm restored by King's Bench
Grace against usury ....

1780. Petition of Corporation for reduction of public expenditure
Elizabeth Butchill executed for child murder

County meeting for reduction of public expenditure and Parlia-
mentary Reform ....
County meeting for Reform, and against the war with America
Exemption of Septuagenarians from University offices
Rejoicings on surrender of Charlestown
Contested elections for Town, University, and County
Mayor's honorary Freeman

1781. Graces as to mandate degrees and private Tutors
Poll for rectories of Framlingham Earl and Bixley
University grant for repauing churches in West Indies
Almanac Duty Act ....
Paper Duty Act .....
Pour elections of Mayor ....
Notice of P. S. Goddard, D.D.
Proposed Jiinction of Cam and Stort
St. Peter's church rebuilt ....

1782. Guildhall rebuilt ....
Town Meeting for internal defence of the kingdom
Volunteer corps ....
Illumination for Rodney's victory in West Indies

County Address in support of Administration aaid Parliamentary

Reform .....
Lottery Office Licence Act ....
Election of Mayor ....

Contested election of Yicechancellor
Notice of Rev. William Cole, F.S.A.
Aged carp .....

1783. Town Petition for Parliamentary Reform
Bill to enable Heads of Colleges to marry
Suit as to election of Mayor
Resolutions of Cambridge Committee as to Parliamentary Reform
Proclamation of peace ....
Contested election of Librarian

Prizes for dissertations against gaming, duelling, and suicide
Foundation of Jacksonian Professorship

1784. Bull Book-club established ....
Corporation Address on removal of Coalition Ministry
Society for Promotion of Philosophy and general Literature
Balloon ascent .....
Regulations as to Proctor's and Taxor's offices
Town election .....
Contested election for University
Lecture-room near Botanic Gardens
Notice of James Essex, F.S.A.
Two-hundredth anniversary of foundation of Emmanuel College
Suits about election of Freemen

1785. Cambridgeshire Constitutional Society
Petition for new Paving Act ....
Petition for Small Debts Bill

XIV

CONTENTS.

1785. Mail from Cambridge to London
Bye-laws ....
Notice of William Whitehead, Poet Laureate
Bye-laws ....
Stocks ....
King's expected visit
Poole's balloon ascent
Death of Widow Hammond, aged 102
University Statutes printed

1786. Small Debts Bill
Bye-law as to election of Mayor, &c. . _
Inquiry as to alteration in Land-tax Commissioners' List
Interpretation as to Honorary degrees
Market Cross

Suit as to Corporation Tolls
Mr. Fox and others made Freemen
Bye-law that Mayor have casting-vote in all elections
University Addi-ess on Margaret Nicholson's attack on the king
Town and County Addresses on same occasion
Mr. Foster disfranchised but restored by Mandamus
Election of Vicechancellor

1787. Suits as to election of Common- Councilmen
Small Debts Bill ....
Suit as to election of Aldermen
Bye-laws as to election of Common- Councilmen
Advertisement by Farmers of Grantchester and Coton
Prince of Wales passes through Cambridge .
Appeal as to disputes in Trinity College
Duke of Gloucester and Prince William visit Cambridge
Rejection of Dr. Edwards's Grace for admission to B.A. degree

without signing declaration

1788. Contested election of Recorder
University Petition against Slave Trade
Corporation and County Petitions against same .
Quo Warranto against Mr. Mortlock Mayor
University grant to sufferers by fire at Foxton
Henry Duke of Beaufort elected Recorder .
Suit as to Mastership of Peterhouse
Proceedings against Mr. Forlow, late Mayor
Paving and Lighting Act .
Contested election for Town
Contested election of Woodwardian Professor
Two scholars charged ^\•ith miirder

Playhouse Act .....

Suit as to election of Mayor
Contested election of Margaret Professor
Large election of non-resident Freemen
Proposed union of Cam and Stort
Contested election of Town Clerk .
Professorship of Laws of England established
Prosecution of Mr. Adkin for an assault on a Fellow of St. John
Quo Warranto against Mr. Bond .
Corporation thanks to Mr. Pitt, &c.

1789. Fund for relief of Poor ....
Illumination on King's recovery
Corporation Addresses on same occasion
County and University Addresses on same occasion
Quo Warrantos against Messrs. Mortlock and Newling
Suicide of Samviel Reeve, senior Proctor
Bye-laws .....

PAGE

415
ib
ib

416
ib
ib
ib

417
ib

CONTENTS.

A.D.

1789.

1790.

1791,

1792.

1793.

1794.

1795.

Proposed Canal from Bishop Stortford .
Bye-laws .....

Contested election of Esquire Bedel

Right Hon. William Pitt elected High Steward of University-
Contested election for University

Philip Earl of Hardwicke, constitixted Lord-Lieutenant ,
Prince William of Gloucester
Allowance to Mayor
Sturbridge Pair Procession discontinued
Contested election of Vicechancellor's Assessor
Notice of Dr. Stephen Apthorp
Mr. Hulse's death and benefactions
New Town Gaol erected
Woolcombers' Procession
Grace as to Degrees by royal descent
Case as to a Fellowship in Catharine Hall
Papists forbidden to keep school in Universities
Eire at Barnwell
Duel between two Students
Rejection of Grace for erecting a Museum, &c.
Increase of University contribution to Poor .
Mail-coach between London and Cambridge
Town Petition against Slave Trade
University loan to Paving Commissioners
University Petition against Slave Trade
Contested election of Jacksonian Professor
Window Duty Act
Alehouse Licence Act
Orders to prevent forestalling in markets
University Address on King's Proclamation
Corporation Address on same
County Address on same
University vote for French Refugees
Church and King mob

Association against Republicans and Levellers
Declaration of the Publicans .
Tom Paine burnt in effigy
Farmers' Declaration against Sedition .
Dumb peal for Louis XVI.
Subscriptions for French Refugee Clergy
Trial of William Frend, M.A., for a Libel on the Ecclesiastical

establishment
Mr. Frend expelled Jesus college .
John Cook convicted of sedition
Cambridge Intelligencer first published
Grace as to election of Professor of Chemistry
University contribution to the Troops serving on Continent
Prosecution of Luke Pennington for sedition
General Fast ....
Poll for Perpetual Curate of Seaton Ross
Volunteer Cavalry
Paper Duty Act

University contribution for augmenting Militia
Population of the Town
Paving Amendment Act .
Illumination on Lord Howe's Victory
Proceedings in King's Bench in Mr. Frend's case
Subscription for relief of Poor
Flood ....

General Fast

PAGE

436
437
ib

CONTENTS.

1795. Seamen raised by Town ....
University and Corporation Addresses on Prince of Wales's

Marriage .....

Eau Brink Act .....
Wooleombers' Act .....
Subscription for Poor ....
Piots on high price of provisions
Notice as to regrating in Market
Mr. Fox and Lord P. Spencer visit Cambridge
Hurricane .....

Corporation University and County Addresses on Attack

the King .....

Act for preventing seditious meetings

1796. Cambridge University Calendar first published
University Address on Birth of Princess Charlotte of Wales
General Fast .....
Visit of Prince and Princess of Orange
Indictment for non-repair of Great Bridge
Acts relative to Army and Militia -

1797. Resolution in support of Public Credit .
County meeting for dismissal of Ministers
Case in King's Bench as to College of Physicians
University Address on Marriage of Princess Poyal
Stamp Act .....
Arrington Road Act ....
Contested election of Esquire Bedel
Contested election of Principal Librarian
Illumination for victory over Dutch
Thanksgiving ....

1798. Contributions for defence of the Country
Fast- day .....
Rejection of Grace to appoint Syndicate as to abolition of ce

libacy of Fellows of Colleges .
County meeting for defence of the Country
Contested election of Public Orator
Decree against scholars driving carriages
Cambridge Volunteers and Cambridge Loyal Association
Act for Suppression of Seditious Societies
Illumination for Battle of the Nile

University and Corporation Addresses on naval victories
General Thanksgivmg ....

1799. Elizabeth Woodcock overwhelmed in the snow

Proceedings against Benjamin FloAver for a Libel on Bishop of

Llandaff .....
John Henry Duke of Rutland elected Recorder
Militia Act .....

Illumination on success of expedition to Holland .
Presentment as to Great Bridge
Freedom voted to Prince William of Gloucester .

1800. Subscription for relief of Poor
Death of Dr. Glynn Cloberry

General Fast .....
College Lease Act .....
University Corporation and County Addresses on Hadfield's

Attack on the King ....
John Henry Duke of Rutland elected High Steward of Tow]

and Lord C. S. Manners Recorder .
A miller's roguery ....

Riot on account of high price of Corn
Prosecution of Forestallers, &c.

CONTENTS.

A.D.

1800.

1801.

1802.

1803.

1804.

1805.

1806.

1807.

Charter of Downing College .

Notice as to Market ....

Agreement to abstain from pastry-
Subscription for relief of the Poor
High price of bread ....
Census .....

Burglaries .....
Subscription for relief of Poor
St. Thomas's Leys Inclosure Act
Cambridgeshire Yeomanry Cavalry
Rejoicings for Peace

Prince Adolphus Frederick created Duke of Cambridge
Militia Act ....

Executions for Forgery ....
Contested election for County .

Proclamation of Peace ....
University Address on Peace .

Select Preachers ....

Act to enable Mariners, &c. to exercise trades
St. Giles's Inclosure Act ....
Decree as to office of Taxor
Contested election for County
Accident at Sturbridge Fair Theatre
New County Gaol ....

Suit as to right of soil in St. Giles's

University Corporation and County Addresses on Despard's Con

spiracy .....
Marsh and Sons offer in case of invasion
Preparations to resist invasion
Corporation Addresses

University Addresses ....
Property Tax Act ....
Volunteer corps . . • .

University Voliuiteers

County Volunteers ....

Term allowed to Students absent on Military service

The like .....

Richardson and others restrained from printing the Bible, &c.

contrary to University privileges
Additional forces for defence of the realm
Stamp Act .....

Rifle corps ....

Mr. Buclianan's Prizes ....
Visit of a Mohawk chief . .

General Fast .....
Act relative to purchase of Advowsons by Colleges
Benefactions of Joseph Merrill
Illumination for Battle of Trafalgar
Thanksgiving for same ....

Lord Nelson's Funeral

University and Corporation Addresses on naval Victories

Philip Earl of Hardwicke elected High Steward of University

Contested election for University .

Mr. Pitt's statue ....

Property Tax Act ....

Bill for enclosing St. Andrew the Less .

University Petition against Catholic Relief Bill
University Address on same subject
St. Andrew the Less Inclosure Bill

XVlll

CONTENTS.

1807. Contested election for University
Corporation Address on Catholic claims
First stone of Downing College laid
St. Andrew the Less Inclosure Act
A salmon caught in the Cam .
Suit as to a St. John's College Living

1808. Lancasterian School
Sale of part of materials of Castle .
Stamp Act
Local militia
New theatre

Fiuaeral of Professor Person
Profiessorship of Mineralogy established

1809. Wine Licences ....
Jubilee .....
Contested election of Public Orator
Contested election of Registrary
Davies's Scholarship

1810. Conusance granted to University by King's Bench
Coimty election

Bread Act ....

Bell's Scholarships
Poll for rectory of Ovington
Poll for University Printer

1811. Poll for vicarage of Kingerly .
Census ....
Contested election of Chancellor
Contested election for University .
Bill for Canal from Bishop's Stortford to Cambridge
University grants for distressed Portuguese and British Prisoners

in France ....

Notice of Richard Cumberland
Chancellor's Medal for English Poem .
Coe Fen Leys Inclosure Act
Installation of Duke of Gloucester Chancellor
Fii'e at Emmanuel College
University grant to National Society
Bible Society .....

1812. Watching and Warding Act .
Execution for Forgery ....
Fires at Sidney College

University Petitions agamst Catholic claims .
Visit of Louis XVIIL

Fire at Trinity College ....
Cambridge Canal Act

University Address on the assassination of Mr. Perceval
Corporation Address on same occasion .
Garret Hostel bridge broke down .
Charitable Donation Registration Act
Execution of Daniel Dawson for poisoning a horse
Trowsers prohibited

University Petitions against Catholic claims
Case on Copyright Act

1813. Fire at Sidney College
Corporation Petitions against Catholic claims
Contributions for sufferers in Russia
Commission of Sewers

Trial of F. Kendall, B.A., for setting fire to Sidney College
Corporation indicted for not repairing bridges

CONTENTS. XIX

1813. The Cambridge giant . . . . .505
University Petitions for diffusion of Christian knowledge in East

Indies . . . . . . ib

Illumination for battle of Vittoria ... ib

Bread Act . . . . . . ib

Cam Navigation Amendment Act ... ib

Pitt's Scholarship established . . . . ib

Notice of John Bowtell .... ib

University Address on Victories . . . .506

1814. University vote for relief of Poor ... ib
Illumination on fall of Napoleon . . . , ib
Addresses on Peace ..... ib

Proclamation of Peace ..... 507

Visit of Duke of Gloucester Chancellor and Blucher . ib

University Petition against Slave-trade . . . ib

Town and County Petitions on same subject . . ib

Peace festival ...... 508

Copp-ight Act ..... ib

New theatre . . . . . .509

University grant to Professors of Wittenberg . . ib

Trinity Hall contribution for rebuilding Garret Hostel bridge . ib

Contested election of Professor of Anatomy . . ib

1815. County Petition against Property Tax . . . ib
Cambridge fever . , . . , ib
Stamp Act . . . . . .510

Apothecaries Act ..... ib

University vote in aid of Waterloo fund . . . ib

University Address on victory of Waterloo . . ib

Proposed enclosure of Coe Fen, &c. . . . ib

Prince Regent and Duke of Clarence passed through Cambridge ib

1816. Civil Law examination ..... 511
FoTindation of Fitzwilliam Museum ... ib
University Address on Peace . . . .512
County meeting on depressed condition of Agricultural interest ib
Town Petition against Property Tax . . .513
County meeting on depressed state of Agriculture . ib
Corporation Address on Marriage of Princess Charlotte of Wales ib
University Address on same occasion . . . 514
Precautions during Littleport riots . . . ib
Tiial as to Arrington road .... ib
Grace as to right of voting in Senate . . . ib
Trial as to St. Rhadegund's tithes . . . 515
University Address to Duke of Gloucester Chancellor on his marriage ib
Contested election of Eegistrary . . . . ib
Decree as to right of nomination ... ib
Person Prize established . . . . , ib
Cambridge and Cambridgeshire Savings' Bank established . ib

1817. University and Corporation Addresses on attack on Prince Regent 516
Union Society suppressed .... ib
Mr. Tyrwhitt's benefaction for the encouragement of Hebrew

learning . . . . . 517

University Petitions against Tithe Leasing Act and Catholic claims ib

Mr. Gisborne's benefaction to Peterhouse . . . ib

Revival of Magna Congregatio . . . ib

Assizes held at St. John's and Jesus Colleges . . 518

Election of an Alderman .... ib

Funeral of Princess Charlotte of Wales . . . ib

Corporation Address on death of Princess Charlotte . ib

1818. University Petition against Tithe Regulation Act . .519
Attempt to repeal part of Copyright Act . . ib

CONTENTS.

A.V. PAGE

1818. Regulations as to Students' lodging-houses . . 620
Viceclaancellor refused chaii- at Town Sessions . . ib
Opposition to Botanical lectures by Sir James Edward Smith . ib
Contributions for Society for building Churches . . 521
Establishment of office of Pro-proctor . . . ib
Contested election of Woodwardian Professor . . ib
Charity Enquiry Act . . . . . ib
Contested election for Town .... 522
Legal proceedings as to Mr. Whittred's claim to freedom . ib
Visit of Dulce of Sussex .... ib
Attempt to make non-resident freemen . . . ib
Quo Warranto against Charles Harvey ... ib
Church Missionary Association .... 523
University and Corporation Addresses on death of the Queen ib
Independent Press first published . . . , ib

1819. Attempt to obtain Court of Requests Act . . ib
County Address on death of the Queen . . . ib
University Petitions against Catholic claims . . 524
Contested election of Schoolkeeper . . . ib
Bread Act ...... ib

Visit of Duke of Gloucester Chancellor . . . ib

Thomas Weems executed for murder ... ib
Visit of Duke of Sussex ..... 525

Cambridge Philosophical Society established . . ib

Corporation and University Addresses . . . ib

Removal of haymarket .... 526

Contested election for Town . . . , ib

Duke of Rutland's benefaction to the poor . . ib
University grants to National Society and Church Building Society ib

Seditious Meeting Act . . . . , ib

1820. Trial of Weston Hatfield and others for riot . . ib

GEORGE THE FOURTH.

Proclamation of the King .... 527

University Address on King's accession . . ib

Funeral of George III. . . . . . ib

Corporation Address on King's accession . . ib
Contested election for Town .... 528

County Address on King's accession ... ib

Town meeting as to political state of the Borough . . ib

Visit of Duke of Sussex .... ib

Chandeliers presented to the Corporation . . , ib

Illumination on abandonment of bill against the Queen . 529

University and Corporation Addresses . . . ib

1821, County meeting as to the Queen ... ib
Town meeting to address King and Queen and petition for resto-
ration of the Queen's name to the Liturgy . . 530

University petitions against Catholic claims . . ib

County meeting for Parliamentary reform and respecting the Queen ib

Census ...... 531

Dispute as to election of President of Queens' College . 532

Suit as to repair of Tennis-court road ... ib

Attorneys and Solicitors Act . . . . ib

Bread Act ..... 534

Visit of Duke of Sussex . . . . . ib

Coronation ..... ib

Garret Hostel bridge rebuilt . . . . ib

Trial as to right of freedom by birth ... ib

1822. Visit of Duke of Sussex . . . . . ib

CONTtlNTS.

«»1

A.D. PAGB

1822. G. B. "White discommuned .... 534
County meeting as to state of Agricultural interest . .535
Previous Examination established ... ih
Contested election of Librariaii . . . , ih
County meeting in favour of Parliamentary reform . ib
Dispute as to right of the Heads to nominate for Professor of

Mineralogy . . , . .536

University Petition against Koman Catholic Peers Bill . 537

Subscription for relief of distress m Ireland . . ib

St. David's College, Lampeter ... ib

Hoax . . . . . , ib

Classical Examination established . . . 538

Act for enlargement of Public Library, &c. . . . ib

Alehouse Licensing Act .... ib

Observatory commenced . . . . ib

University grant and loan for improving Town drainage . 539

Visit of Duke of Sussex . . . . ib

Contested election of Under-Library-Keeper . . ib

Contested election for University . . . , ib

1823. County meeting for Parliamentary reform, &c. . . 540
University Petition against Catholic claims . . . 541
Contested election of Under-Library-Keeper . . 542
University Petition against West Indian slavery , . , ib
Grace for Petitions against Irish Tithe Bill negatived . ib
Town Petition for Abolition of Slavery . . . ib
Great Bridge rebuilt .... ib
First stone laid of New Buildings of Corpus Christi College . ib
Town meeting to sympathize with people of Spain . 543
First stone laid of King's Court in Trinity College . . ih
To'-vn first lit with gas .... ib
Visit of Duke of Sussex . . . . , ih
New Buildings at Addenbrooke's Hospital . . ih
Contested election of Perpetual Curate of the Holy Sepulchre . ib

1824. To-v\Ti Petitions against Slavery, &c. . . . 544

Horticultural Society established . . . , ib

G. H. Storie, LL.B., suspended for gross and abusive language ib

John Lane executed . . . . , ih

New Buildings at King's College commenced . . ih

Graces against private tuition repealed . . , ih
Bread Act .... .545

Beer Act . . . . . . ih

Steam-packet between Cambridge and Lynn . . ih

Visit of Duke of Sussex . . . . . ih

Fire at Trinity College .... ib

Grace exempting persons of 60 from VicechanceUorship rejected ib

1825. Mandamus as to repairs of church of Saint Andrew the Less ib
Rejection of Grace for ptu'chase of Mr. Dodweli's collection of

Drawings ..... 546

University Petitions against Catholic claims . . ib

Grace for examination of Noblemen ... ih

Meeting against alterations in the Corn Laws . . ih

Notice against horseracing .... ih
Fees on Matriculation ..... 547

Treasure Trove ..... ih

University Life Assurance Society established . . ib

Death and benefactions of Gilbert Ives ... ib
Excise Licence Act ..... 548

Act for better preservation of peace in Universities . ib
Visit of Duke of Sussex ..... 549

First stone of Gisborne Court in Peterhouse laid . . ib

XXll

CONTENTS.

1825. Corporation Address to Duke of York
Jemmy Gordon

Vicechancellor's notice as to Academical dress
University Counsel .
Addition to Library tax

1826. First trial respecting Corporation Tolls
University Petitions for Abolition of Slavery
County Petitions on same subject
Subscriptions for distressed Manufacturers .
University vote for Vicarage-house at Burwell
Attorney's Act

Contested election for Town .
Contested elections for University and County
Philo-Union Society established
Trial for assault on Proctors

University grant for English church at Amsterdam
Eegulation as to Lodging-house Licences

1827. Duke of York's fimeral and Corporation Address of condolence
Petitions for protection to AgricrQture

Rejection of Grace as to select Preachers

South Level Act ....

Contested election for University

New Gaol Act ....

New Court at St. John's commenced

Award as to mode of electing Professors of Mineralogy, Botany,

and Anatomy ....

Second trial respecting Corporation Tolls

1828. Visit of Duke of Sussex ....
University Petition against Tithe Commutation Bill
Duppa late of St. John's discommimed
Notice of Rev. Thomas Kerrich, F.S.A.
University Petition for amelioration of West Indian Slavery
Professorship of Political Economy established
Town meeting against Negro slavery
Case as to Queens' College Statutes
Visit of Duke of Gloucester Chancellor

Corn Importation Act ....

Alehouse Licence Act ....
Rejection of Graces relative to Library .
Deathof J.K. Baldi-ey ....

1829. Visit of Duke of Sussex ....
Rejection of Grace for petitioning against Catholic claims
Grace against degrading ....
Grace as to Medical degrees
Grace to allow Bachelors of Arts to take books from the Library
Petitions against Catholic Relief Bill
Mr. Manistre's benefaction to Public Library
The Sheriff refuses to call a County meeting against Roman

Catholic Relief Bill — Mr. Maberly's singxilar letter
Attack on the senior Proctor — the Proctors resign
Notice against tumultuous assemblies .
Execution of Wm. Osborne
Proviso in Roman Catholic Relief Bill .
Graces as to degrees to Oxford and Dublin men
Balloon ascent ....

Town election

University election ....
Third trial about Corporation Tolls

1830. County meeting respecting Agricultural distress
University Petitions as to Church Building Act

CONTENTS.

XXlll

A.D. PAGE

1830. Executions for Arson .... 565

Town Petition against alteration in laws of arrest and bankruptcy ib

Balloon ascent . . . . . . ib

Lighting and Watching Act .... ib

WILLIAM THE FOURTH.

Proclamation of the King

Funeral of George IV. ....

University and Corporation Addresses on King's accession
Beer Act ......

Contested election for County

Town meeting for Abolition of Colonial Slavery .

Anticipation of disturbances

1831. Town meeting for Parliamentary Reform
Graces as to University of London
Town meeting in favour of Reform Bill
Two Judges at the Lent assizes.
Comity meeting in favour of Reform Bill
University Petitions respecting Reform Bill
Corporation decline to petition in favour of Reform Bill
Counter Petition against Reform Bill
Botanic Garden Act ....
Meetmg of Bachelors of Arts and Undergraduates against Reform

Bill prohibited ....

Contested election for University

Balloon ascent ....

Census ......

Case as to a Fellowship election at Catharine Hall
Rejoicings at Coronation ....

Petitions as to Reform Bill

Provisions relative to augmentations of benefices by Colleges

Fii'st stone of Pitt Press laid

Contested election for County

Board of Health ....

A billiard-table keeper discommuned

1832. Case as to liability of Downing College to Paving-rate
County Petitions and Address against the Reform Bill
Contested election of Registrary
Town Petition in favour of Reform Bill
Balloon ascent .....
Parliamentary Reform Act ....
University Address congratulating the King on his escape from

attack .....

Parliamentary Boundaries Act
Act for identifying lands of Ecclesiastical and Collegiate

Corporations ....

Charter of Philosophical Society
Foundation of Crosse's Theological Scholarships
Contested election for Town ....
University election ....

Contested election for County
Town meeting for abolition or reduction of Assessed taxes

1833. Subscriptions for relief of distressed Irish Clergy
Westnott and Carter executed

Pitt Press opened .....
University Petition against Irish Church Temporalities Bill
Case as to liability of Colleges to tax on armorial bearings
Town Petition against Irish Church Temporalities Bill

556

XXIV CONTENTS.

A.D. PAGE

1833. University Petition against Jews Relief Bill . . ib
Petition as to abuses in the Corporation . . .577
University Petition against Tithes Commutation Bill . ib
Meeting of British Association . . . . ib
Act prohibiting Corporate elections on the Lord's-day . ib
Election of honorary Freemen . . . . ib
Lighting and Watching Act .... ib
Coi-poration Commission .... 578
Mr. Beverley's pamphlet on the corrupt state of the University ib
Riotous attack on Anatomical Theatre . . . 579
Rejection of Graces for appointing Syndicates to consider sub-
scription on graduation .... ib

John Stallan executed for arson . . . . ib

1834. Corporation resolutions against Municipal Reform . ib
Rejection of Grace for appointment of Syndicate to consider

subscription by INIedical graduates . . . 580
Grace as to Bachelors of Physic and licences to practice that

faculty . . . . . . ib

University heard by Counsel against charter of London University ib
Actions of false imprisonment against Doctor Chafy Master of

Sidney College . . . . , ib
Petitions from members of the Senate for abrogation of religious

tests exacted from graduates in Arts, Law, and Physic . 581

Protest against su.ch petitions . . . . 582

Petitions against abrogation of religious tests . . 583
Bill for extending the right of admission and graduation in the

Universities to all persons notwithstanding diversities of

religious opinion . . . . 584

Suit in Chancery respecting Sir Thomas White's Charity . 585

Great Shelford Inclosure Act .... 586

Gas Company's Act . . . , . ib

Contested election for Town .... ib

Bequest of Mr. Mesman's collection of Pictures . . ib

Projected railroad from London to Cambridge and thence to York ib

Contested election of Vicechancellor . . . 587

Town meeting for establishment of Police force . . 688

Marquess Camden elected Chancellor ... ib

Duke of Northumberland elected High Steward of University . ib

1835. Earl of Hardwi eke appointed Lord Lieutenant . . ib
Contested election for the Town . . . . ib
Contested election for the County . . . 589
Debate in House of Lords respecting oaths in Universities . ib
Mechanics Institute established ... ib
Addresses of confidence in Peel administration . . ib
University Address on efforts to apply Church revenues to other

than ecclesiastical and protestant purposes . . ib

Corporation indicted for not repairing Garret Hostel bridge 590

Telescope given by Duke of Northumberland . . ib

Earl of Radnor's bill as to subscription in Universities . ib

Opposition to Parliamentary grant to Professors . . ib

Installation of the Marquess Camden Chancellor . 591

New Master's Lodge at Magdalene College . . . 595

Petitions for and agamst Municipal Corporation Bill . ib

Highway Act . . . . . ib

Act substituting; Declarations for Oaths . . 596

Weights and INIeasures Act . . . . ib

Municipal Corporation Act .... ib

Division of Borough into five Wards . . . 597
Meeting in favour of Mr. Walker's railway from London to
Cambridge and York, and from Cambridge to Norwich and
Yarmouth . . . . . .598

CONTENTS.

XXV

1835. Subscription for Irish. Clergy
Election of thirty Councillors
Election of ten Aldermen ....

1836. Election of Mayor, High Steward, Town Clerk, Coroner, and

Treasurer .....
Address of thanks on passing of Municipal Corporation Act
Contested election of Public Orator
Petition for relief to Agriculture
Grant of Quarter Sessions

Sale of Corporation Plate ....

Formation of Poor Law Union
Establishment of Police Force
Enquiry into Charities
Contested election of Public Orator
Appointment of Clerk of the Peace
Contested election for Trinity Ward
Anti-Poor- Law Meeting
Act for railway from London to Cambridge
Bread Act .....

Notices as to Alehouse Licences
Borough Justices license Alehouses
Land-Tax Commissioners Act

Act enabling the Vicechancellor to be a Borough Justice
Appointment of Charity Trustees
Registration Districts
Contested election of Mayor .
A Billiard- table keeper discommuned
Railway schemes

1837. Subscription for relief of Poor
Town meetmg in favour of Vote by Ballot
Mandamus as to a fellowship at Peterhouse
University Petition against Church-rate Abolition Bill

Earl of Radnor's bill for a Commission to enquire as to Colleges

in the Universities
Mr. Pryme's motion for an Address in favour of a Commission

of enquiry as to the Universities and Colleges
Earl of Radnor's motion for a Committee to enquire into the

practice and statu.tes of Colleges
Petitions against and for alterations in University Statutes
Rejoicings on the Princess Victoria attaining her majority
Chancery- suit as to Perse Free School
Garret Hostel Bridge rebuilt

PAGE

598

599

ib
ih
ib
ib
ib

600

601

602

603

604

605

606

607

608

VICTORIA.

Proclamation of the Queen .... 609

Chancery-suit as to Hobson's Workhouse . . . ib

University Address on Queen's accession . . 610

University Address to Queen Dowager . . . 611
The Commencement sermons preached by brothers, natives of

Cambridge ..... ib

Corporation Address on Queen's accession . . . ib

Funeral of William IV. . . . . ib

County Addresses on Queen's accession and death of William IV. 612

Contested election for the Town . . . . ib

Appeal against election of Master of Downing College . ib

First stone laid of New University Library . . 613
Declaration substituted for certain oaths . . .614

Contested Ward elections .... ib

First stone laid of FitzwiUiam Museum . . . ib

XXVI

CONTENTS.

of Parliament

PAGE

614
ib
ib

615

ib
ib
ib

ib
616

ib
617
618

ib
619

AiD.

1837. Contested election of Mayor ....
Contested election for St. Andrew's Ward .
Petition in favour of Small Debt Courts

1838. Town Meeting in favour of Vote by Ballot .
Subscription for relief of Poor

University Petition for continuing Bishopric of Sodor and Man
A Billiard-table-keeper discommuned
Motion for Quo Warranto against Vicechancellor to try his right

to license alehouses
Contested election of County Coroner
Coronation Festival

Act relating to qualification of Members
Pluralities and Residence Act
Cambridge E-efuge established
Contested Ward elections
Contested election for Trmity Ward
Grace as to office of Librarian .

1839. Cambridge Advertiser first published . . , ib
Subscription for relief of Poor .... ib
County meeting in favour of Com Laws . . . ib
Town Petition in favour of Small Debts Bill . . ib
University Petition against Clauses in Ecclesiastical Duties and

Revenues BUI . . . , . ib

Bye-laws ...... ib

Cattle Fairs established ..... 620

University Petition in favour of Church extension . ib

New Gaol Amendment Act .... 621

Tumidt at Anti-Corn Law lecture ... ib
Town meetmg to address Queen on her refusing to allow Ministers
to control household appointments — Tumult thereat — Ad-
dress and comiter Address . . . , ib
Christ church opened .... 622

University and Towm Petitions against Government scheme of

National Education . . . . . ib

Cambridge Camden Society instituted. ... ib

Cambridge Antiquarian Society established . . . ib

R.e-apportionment of Land-Tax ... ib
Printing Act .... .623

Paper Duties Act ..... ib

Contested election for the Town .... 624

Contested Ward elections .... ib

Town meeting in favour- of establishment of County Courts . ib

Establishment of Board of Education ... ib

1840. Rejoicings and Addresses on Queen's marriage . . 625
University Petition for Church extension . . ib
Town Petition for a Small Debts Court . . . ib
Petition agamst return of Mr. Manners Sutton for the Town 626
Suit in the Queen's Bench between the Churchwardens of Great

St. Mary's and the University as to a faculty for Pews . ib

Contested election for the Town ... ib

Grant of University to National Society . . . 627

Addresses on the Queen's escape from Oxford's attack . ib

Meeting of Royal Agricultural Society . . , ib

Establishment of Cambridge British School Society . 628

Ecclesiastical Duties and Revenues Act . . . ib

Duke of Northumberland elected Chancellor . . ib

Contested Ward elections . . . . ib

Contested election of Mayor — Removal of ToAvn Clerk . 629

Contested election of High Steward of the University . . ib

Addresses on birth of Princess Royal . . . 632

Contested election for St. Andrew's Ward . . . ib

CONTENTS. XXVll

.D, PAGF.

632

633
ih
ib
ib

636
ib

637

639

1841. Subscription for relief of Poor .
Railway projects

First stone laid of Victoria Asylum
Camden Medal established
Grace as to Medical degrees
Proposed Enclosure of the Commons
University Petition for Church extension
Contested election for the Town
Census ....
Property applicable to Dr. Perse' s benefactions
Scheme for application of Dr. Perse' s benefactions

Small Bridge rebuilt ..... 648

Contested Ward elections .... »^

Addresses on birth of Prince of Wales . . . 649

Decree against tandems and four-in-hand carriages . ib

1842. Proposal to rebuild St. Peter's church . . .650
Decree against students resorting to teachers of boxing or attend-
ing prize-fights . . . . . ib

Contested election for West Barnwell Ward . . \b

Corn Importation Act . . . . . ib

Regulations for a more sufficient system of Theological instruction ib

St. Paul's church erected .... jb

Addresses on the Queen's escape from Francis's attack . 651

Cattle Market removed fi-om St. Andrew's-hill to Pound-hill . ib
Benefactions towards completing New Library . .651

Alehouse Act ..... ^b

Proctors' entertainments at the Fairs abolished . . 653

Works of art presented to University . . . ib

Installation of Dulie of Northumberland Chancellor . ib

Corn Exchange opened ..... 657

Cambridge Cemetery Company established . . ih

New Shire-house opened . . . , ib

Contested Ward elections . . . . 658

Additional fees on Matriculation and Degrees . . ib

Notice against students attending meetings for pigeon- shooting ib

Day Mail established ..... 659

1843. University petition for repeal of Union of Sees of St. Asaph and

Bangor . . . . . . ib

TowTi meeting against Income Tax ... ib

Contested election for the Town . . . . ib

Syndicate as to examination and lectvires . . ib
Roman Catholic chapel consecrated . . . 660
Addresses on birth of Princess Alice and death of Duke of Sussex ib
Petition against Mr. Kelly's return for the Town . . ib
Mr. Christie's motion for bill to abolish certain oaths and sub-
scriptions in Universities . . . , ib
Great Hail-storm ..... ib

Theatre Act . . . . . . ib

Repair of St. Botolph's church . . . 661

Great St. Andrew's church rebuilt . . . ib

Visit of the Queen and Prince Albert ... ib
Contested Ward election . . . .665

Contested elections for Market and West Bai-nwell Wards . 666

Repair of Holy Sepulchre church . . . . ib

1844. Meeting of Landowners and Farmers to oppose Anti-Corn-Law

League ..... 667

Barnes' Scholarship established . . • . . • ^^
University claim of conusance disallowed in a replevin in the

Borough Court . . . . . ib

XXviii CONTENTS.

AD. PAGE

1844. Revised Statutes for Trinity College ... 667
University Petition against Union of Sees of St. Asaph and Bangor ib
Decree prohibiting actions against students without leave of their

Tutors . . . . . . ib

Mr. Christie's motion for Address for Commission to enquire into

Universities ..... 668

Haymarket removed .... ib

Contested election for St. Andrew's Ward . . , ib

Yisit of King of Saxony .... ib
Act for railway from Newport by Cambridge to Brandon and

Peterborough . . . . . 672

Consecration of St. Paul's church . . . 674

Contested Ward elections .... 675

Contested election of Mayor . . . . ib

Maitland Prize established . . . , ib

Proposal for County Police Force . . . . i6

1845. Suit about Stone Altar and Credence-table in church of Holy

Sepulchre . . . . . . ib

University Petition against Union of Sees of St. Asaph and Bangor 676

Mr. Christie's renewed motion for University Commission . ib

Contested election of Librarian ... ib

Cambridge and Lincoln and Cambridge and Bury Railway Bills 677

Meethag of British Association ... ib

Contested election for Tomti . . . . ib

Opening of Railways from Bishops Stortford to Norwich . ib

Cambridge and Huntingdon Railway Act . . , ib

Contested Ward elections .... ib

Contested election of Mayor .... 678

Meeting as to railway projects ... ib

Burney Prize . . . . . . ib

1846. Meeting of owners and occupiers of land against repeal of Corn-Laws 679
Royal Albert Society established . . . . ib
Petition for enlargmg jurisdiction of Court of Pleas . ib
Coiinty meeting against Free Trade . . , ib
Fire on Market-hill ..... 680
Tom Thumb riots . . . . . ib
University Petition against Union of Sees of St. Asaph and Bangor ib
Suit as to liability of Eastern Counties Railway Company to Paving

Tolls — Act of Parliament on the subject . . ib

Discommuning for suing a student without notice to his tutor . 681

Prize for Treatise on Evidences of Christianity . . ib

Cambridge and Oxford Railway Bill . . . ib

Chesterford and Newmarket Railway Act . . 682

Additional Day Mail established . . . . ib

Contested Ward elections .... ib

Contested election of Mayor . . . , ib

Cambridge Architectural Society established . . ib

Contested election of Library Keeper . . . ib

Subscription for relief of Poor ... ib

Three -hundredth Anniversary of foundation of Trinity college . ib

1847. Regulations as to debts of students . . . 683
Conusance denied University in an action against one of the Pro-
proctors and his servants .... ib

Contested election of Chancellor .... 684

General Fast ..... ib

Inauguration of Prince Albert Chancellor . . . 685

County Court established . . . _ . 687

Suit in Chancery as to assignment of profits of a Fellowship . ib

Fire at Trinity College . . . . ib

Rejection of Grace for contribution to Borough Police Force . ib

CONTENTS.

XXIX

A.D. PAGE

1847. Visit of the Queen and Prince Albert ... 688
Installation of Prince Albert . . . .691
Corporation Address to Sir Harry Smith . . 695
Cambridge and Bedford Railway Act . . , ib
Contested elections for University and Town . . 696
Railway from Cambridge to St. Ives opened . .697
Person Scholarship established ... ib
Contested Ward elections . . . , ib
University Petition against Jew Bill ... ib
Graces rejected . . . . . ib
Five-hundredth Anniversary of foundation of Pembroke Hall 698

1848. Benefactions of Mr. Samuel Salmon
Five- hundredth anniversary of foundation of Gonville and Caius

College .....

Town meeting in favour of Jew Bill
Mr. Markland's Sermon established
University Petition against a bill repealing enactments against

Roman Catholics ....
Corporation Address to Dr. Graham Bishop of Chester
Grace for imposing additional fees on degrees, &c. rejected
Announcement of a Chartist meeting
The Adams Prize ....

Addresses on failure of Chartist demonstration in London .
Memorial to Lord John Russell in favour of a University Co.mm
Public Health Act ....

Contested election of Public Orator
Regulations for examinations in Moral and Natural Science and

for attendance on certain Lectures, &c. .
Contested election for Trinity Ward
Mill-road Cemetery consecrated
Grace as to deposit of University Muniments
I^e Bas Prize established
1849. Fund for relief of Poor

Rejection of Grace as to examination previous to residence

Syndicate to revise University Statutes .

Contested election of Coroner

County meeting against Free Trade

University Petition against Marriage BiU

Corporation Petition as to Freemen's Lands Bill .

Appeal respecting a Fellowship at Clare Hall

Lunatic Asylum Acts

Benefactions of Mr. William Adams

Great Fu-e on Market-hill

Town meeting as to Sunday labour in Post Office

Contested Ward elections

Contested election for St. Andrew's Ward .

General Thanksgiving

Dr. Whe well's Prizes ....

Appeal as to a Fellowship at Catharine Hall

Appeal as to Poor-rate on Fitzwilliam Museum

University Address on death of Queen Dowager .

699

ib
ib
ib
ib
700
ib

ission ib
701
ib

702
706

707

ib
708

ib
709

ib
710

ib
711

ib
712

ANNALS OF CAMBRIDGE.

INTERREGNUM.

1688.

The High Sheriff, nobility and gentry of the county of Cambridge
signed an Address to the Prince of Orange, imploring his protection
and aid to rescue the three kingdoms from slavery and Popery, and
assuring him that they would contribute their utmost endeavours in
perfecting so glorious a work. They also returned his Highness un-
feigned thanks for the progress he had made therein with great cost,
labour, and hazard both by sea and land.<i)
1688 ^ There was a contest on the election of members to represent the
~ j University in the Convention. The candidates were Sir Robert Sawyer
Knt. M.A. of Magdalene College, Isaac Newton M.A. fellow of Trinity
College, and the Hon. Edward Finch M.A. of Christ's College. The
numbers polled were. Sawyer, 125, Newton, 122, Finch, 117. The
Town on the 11th of January, elected as members of the Conven-
tion the Right Hon. Sir Thomas Chicheley and John Cotton Esq.

(1) Oldmixon's Hist, of Addresses, 187.

WILLIAM AND MARY,

1688.
1688 "j The 14th of February was obsei*ved as a thanksgiving day for the
77 I deliverance of the nation from Popery and arbitrary power. A ser-
mon was preached at St. Mary's, by Mr. Laughtou of Trinity Col-
lege. On the same day the proclamation of King William and
Queen Mary was posted in Cambridge.(i)

Some delay took place in the proclamation of the King and Queen
owing to the absence of the Undersheriff. On the 18th of February,
about two in the afternoon, that functionary proclaimed their Ma-
jesties in the Castle Yard and at the Market Cross. The same
afternoon about three, they were proclaimed by the Mayor and
Aldermen in scarlet on horseback, the Common Council on horseback
in their gowns, with many who had passed offices and freemen, accom-
panied by all the military officers with about fifty soldiers, the trum-
pets and kettle drums of the military and the town waits. After the
ceremony Sir Richard Bassett the commandant of the military drank
wine with the Mayor at the Town Hall, and wine was sent to the
troopers on the Market Hill. The bells rang all the afternoon and
at night there were bonfires.

About ten the following morning, proclamation was made by the
University who were preceded by the town waits and attended by
the officers and troops. The officers afterwards dined with the Vice-
chancellor, and the soldiers had ten guineas given them for drink.(2)

Charles Bumpsted and Hugh Grogan the town treasurers make these
charges in their accounts : —

To Mr. Emn for tobacco pipes & Candles at the proclaiming the King &
Queen, 19s. 6d.

To 7 harnes men waiting on Mr. Maior at proclaiming the King & Queen, 5s,

8 harnes men for serving halfe a day on the thanksgiving, 4^.(3)

(1) Aid. Newton's Diary.

(2) Ibid.

(3) Accounts of the Treasurers of the Town, Michaelmas 1687, to 14 March 1688-9.

1688-891 WILLIAM AND MARY. g

The settlement of the Crown upon William and Mary was cele-
brated by the publication of a collection of verses entitled " Musa3
Cantabrigienses serenissimis Principibus Wilhelmo et Mariae Angliae
Franciae et Hibernia? Regi ac Reginaj Publicse Salutis ac Libertatis
Vindicibus Haec Officii & Pietatis ergo D.D."(n Amongst the au-
thors are John Montagu Master of Trinity College and Vicechancel-
lor, Joseph Beaumont Master of Peterhouse, Dr. Coplestone Provost
of King's College, and Dr. Oxenden ISIaster of Trinity Hall.

As late as the 23rd of February the University do not appear to
have entirely relinquished the expectation that Archbishop Sancroft
would accept the Chancellorship ;(2) but he positively declined to do
so, and from conscientious motives refusing to acknowledge William
and Marj', subsequently lost his Archbishopric.(3) The University, on
the 8th of March, (4) elected Charles Seymour Duke of Somerset, K.G.
whose letter of thanks and acceptance bears date the 20th of the same
month. This nobleman held the office for nearly sixty years. (5)

(1) " Cantabrigiffi Ex Officina Joann. Hayes Celeberrimse Typographi, 1680." 4to.

(2) Vide Vol. iii. p. 642.

(3) D'Oyly, Life of Abp. Sancroft, 2nd edit. 243.

(4) Aid. Newton's Diary.

(5) Charles Seymour Duke of Somerset, who was born August 12th, 1662, succeeded to
the title in 1 678, on the death of his brother Francis. He was one of the Lords of the Bed-
chamber to James the Second, who however dismissed him from that situation and from the
command of a regiment of dragoons for having refused to attend the Pope's Nuncio to his
audience at Windsor. He joined in the Kevolution, and towards the latter end of King
AVilliam's reign was made President of the Council. On the Oth of July, 1702, he was ap-
pointed Master of the Horse, from Avhich situation he was removed the 17th of January,
1711-12. He was again appointed to that office on the 27th of September, 1714, and re-
signed 25th of October, 1715. The Duke of Somerset died at his fine seat Petworth, in
Sussex, on the 2nd of December, 1748, and was interred in Salisbury Cathedral. There are
two statues of the Duke of Somerset in Cambridge, the one in the Senate House the other
in Trinity College Library. He was commonly called " The Proud Duke of Somerset," and
seems well to have deserved the title. His servants obeyed him by signs. When he tra-
velled the roads were cleared that he might pass without obstruction or observation. " Go
out of the way," said one of the duke's attendants to a countryman who was driving a
hog. " Why ?" said the man, " Because my lord duke is coming and he does not like to
be looked upon." The man enraged seized the hog by his ears and holding him up ex-
claimed, " I will see him and my pig shall see him too." His first duchess was the
heiress of the Percy family. His second duchess who was daughter of the Earl of Win-
chilsea and Notting'ham, once familiarly tapped him on the shoulder with her fan. Turning
round indignantly, he exclaimed, " My first duchess was a Percy, and she never took such
a liberty." His children obeyed his mandates with profound respect. His two youngest
daughters used to stand and Match whilst he slept in the afternoon. Lady Charlotte, being
tired, once sat down. The Duke waking, declared he Avould make her remember her want
of decorum; and by his will he left her £20,000. less than her sister. The Duke had em-
ployed James Seymour to paint the portraits of his horses at Petworth, and condescended to
sit with his hvunble namesake at table. One day at dinner his grace filled his glass, and
saying with a sneer, " Covsin Seymour, your health," drank it off. " My lord," said the
artist, " I believe I have the honour of being related to your grace." The proud peer rose
from table, and ordered his steward to dismiss the presumptuous painter and employ a
humbler brother of the brush. This was accordingly done ; but when the new painter saw
the spirited works of his predecessor, he shook his head, and retiring said, " Xo man in
England can compete with James Seymour." The duke noAV condescended to recall his
discarded cousin. " My Lord," was the answer of Seymour, " I can now prove to the world
that I am of your blood — I wont come." Sir James Delaval laid a wager of £1,000. that he
would make the duke give him precedency. Having one day obtained information of the
precise time when the duke was to pass a' naiTow part of the road in his way to town, he
stationed himself there in a coach with the Howard arms, attended with servants in the
Howard liveries, wlio, when the Duke of Somerset approached called out " The Duke of
Norfolk," Somerset fearful of committing a breach of etiquette, huiTied his postilion under
a hedge, where he was no sooner safely fixed than Delaval passed ; who leaning out of the

4 WILLIAM AND MARY. [1689

On the 16th of March, the royal assent was given to an act grant-
ing an aid for six months. The monthly contribution of the County
of Cambridge, exclusive of the Isle of Ely, was fixed at £1020. The
Commissioners for the University and Town were the Vicechancellor
and Mayor for the time being, Sir Thomas Chicheley Knt., Hon.
John Montague D.D., Sir Robert Sawyer Knt, John Cotton Esq.,
George Chamberlain, Joseph Beaumont, John Coplestone, Humphry
Gower, Thomas Smolt, Doctors of Divinity, George Oxenden, Wil-
liam Cooke, Doctors of the Civil Law, Isaac Newton Esq., Samuel
Newton, Thomas Story, John(i) Ewen, Thomas Fowles, Isaac Wat-
lington, Thomas Fox, John Pepis, Aldermen, and Robert Drake
gent. The sites of the Colleges and HaUs, and the stipends of the
members thereof, and of the Readers officers and ministers of the
Universities, were exempted from charge.(2)

1689.

On the 24th of April, the royal assent was given to an act for
abrogating the oaths of supremacy and allegiance, and appointing
other oaths.(3) This act contains the subjoined clause: —

AxD BEE IT FURTHER ENACTED That if any Person or Persons now being
Master Governour Head or Fellow of any Colledge or Hall in either of the
two Universities or of any other Colledge or Master of any Hospitall or Schoole
or Professor of Divinity Law Physicke or other Science in either of the said
Universities or in the City of London shall neglect or refuse to take the Oaths
by this Act appointed to be taken in such ]VIanner and before such Persons as
by this Act is directed before the First day of August in the Yeare One thou-
sand six hundred eighty nine Every such Person and Persons soe neglecting
or refusing shall be and is and are hereby declared and adjudged to be sus-
pended from the Execution of his or their Office and Employment and from
his or their Mastershipp Government Fellowship and Professorship respec-
tively for the space of Six Months to be accounted from the said First day of
August, And if the said Person or Persons (soe having neglected or refused)
shall not within the said space of Six months take the said Oaths in such

carriage window, bowed vnth a familiar air, and wished Ms Grace " good morning." He
indignantly exclaimed, " Is it you. Sir James ? I thought it had been the Duke of Norfolk."
The wager thus won was paid and the town made meiTy Aviththe stratagem. (Noble, Biog.
Hist, of England, ii. 27 ; Cunningham, Lives of British Painters. &c. iii. 49.)
(1) Thomas?

(2) Stat. 1 Gul. & Mar. c 3.

(3) The new oaths were as follow : —

" I A. B. doe sincerely Promise and Sweare That I will be Faithful! and beare true Alle-
*' giance to their Majestyes King William and Queene Mary.

" So HELPE ME God, &c."

" I A. B. doe Sweare That I doe from my Heart Abhor Detest and Abjure as Impious and
" Hereticall that Damnable Doctrine and Position That Princes Excommunicated or De-
" prived by the Pope or any Avithoritie of the See of Eome may be Deposed or Murthered
" by their Subjects or any other whatsoever.

" And I doe Declare That no FoiTeigne Prince Person Prelate State or Potentate hath
" or ought to have any Jurisdiction Power Superiority Preeminence or Authoritie Ecclesi-
•* asticall or Spirituall within this Eealme.

" Soe help me God, &c."

1689] WILLIAM AND MARY. 5

Court or Place and before such Persons and in such Manner as they ought to
have taken the same before the said First day of August That in every such
case the said Office and Employment Mastership Government Fellowship and
Professorship of every Person soe neglecting or refuseing shall be void and is
hereby adjudged void.(l)

On the 11th of May, the King sent the following letter to the
Vicechancellor • —

To our trusty and well-beloved the Vice Chancellor of our University
of Cambridge, to be communicated to the Senate there.

William R.
Trusty and well-beloved we greet you well. Whereas several persons in
that our University, who should have received Degrees since Christmas last,
have been delayed, by reason the abrogated Oaths could not be taken, and
thereby lost their year, We doe hereby authorise you to restore all those that
have been so delayed to their yeare, and wholly indemnify them from any dis-
advantage or incapacity they may have incurred by reason of such delay, for
and in respect of the respective Degrees to which they were intituled, or of
any their pretension within our said University ; provided always, that they
now proceed, and take the new Oaths lately appointed in Parliament, and do all
other things pertaining to those Degrees, though it be out of the due time and
order prescribed by your Statutes : any Statute, Constitution, or Custome of our
said University, to the contrary in anywise notwithstanding. And so we bid
you farewell. Given at our Court of Whitehall the 11th day of May, 1689, in
the first year of our reigne.

By his Majesties command,

N0TTINGHAM.(2)

On the 30th of May, the installation of the Duke of Somerset as
Chancellor of the University took place in London. " The University
" met at Merchant Taylor's Hall, -nhere by his Grace's Order they
" were entertained with a noble Collation. From thence they went in
" procession through the City in their proper Habits to the Three
" Cranes, in all about 700, the City Marshall attending them at the
" water side, they were received into Barges and carried to Nor-
" thumberland Stairs. His Grace met them in the Garden (Drums
" beating and Trumpets sounding from the top of the House) and led
" them into a spacious Room where the usual Ceremonies were per-
" formed. The Vice- Chancellor Dr. John Covell and the Public Ora-
" tor Dr. Henry Felton made two Eloquent Speeches to which his
" Grace returned an obliging Answer and concluded all with a most
" magnificent Entertainment."(3)

On the 20th of June, the House of Commons made an enquiry
respecting certain copies of King James's Declaration(4) which had

(1) Stat. 1 Gul. & Mar. c. 8. s. 8.

(2) CoiTie, Brief Historical Notices of the interference of the Cro■^v^l with the affairs of the
Eng-lish Universities, 85.

(3) London Gazette, June 6th to 10th, 1G89, Xo. 2400.

(4) Dated at Dublin Castle, 8th May, 1689, and printed in Commons' Journals, x. 195, and
(with the date 18th May,) in Cobbett's Parliameutary Hist, of England, v. 303.

6 WILLIAM AND MARY. [1689

been sent to Cambridge. The subjoined entry appears in the Jour-
nals : —

Jovis, 20o. Die Junii ;

Sir John Guise acquaints the House, That several of the Declarations of
King James the Second have been taken at Cambridge; and that there was
one Thomas Fowler at the Door, to give an Account thereof.

Resolved, That he be called in.

He was called in ; and was, at the Bar, examined concerning the same ; and
gave an Account, that they came down by Carriers in Boxes, directed to the
Master of Queen's College, and Master of St. John's College :

And then withdrcAV.

But Sir Robert Sawyer, One of the Burgesses for the University, acquainted
the House, That he had received Information, that the Boxes were both carried
to, and now remain with the Vice-Chancellor.(l)

On the 22nd of June, the royal assent was given to an act for
granting their Majesties an aid of twelve pence in the pound for
one year. The sites and rents of the Colleges in the Universities,
as also the stipends of the Masters, fellows, scholars and officers
thereof, and of the Readers, officers and ministers of the University,
were exempted from charge.(2)

On the 25th of July, the royal assent was given to the following
act: —

An Act to vest in the two Universities the Presentations of
Benefices belonging to Papists.

Whereas in and by a certaine Clause mentioned in one Act of Parlyament
made in the third yeare of the Raigne of King James the First Entituled An
Act to prevent and avoid Dangers which may grow by Popish Recusants (3) It
is enacted That every person or persons that is or shall be a Popish Recusant
Convict dureing the time that he shall be or remaine a Recusant shall from
and after the end of that present Session of Parlyament be utterly disabled to
present to any Benefice with Cure or without Cure Prebend or any other Ec-
clesiastical! Liveing or to collate or nominate to any Free Schoole Hospitall or
Donative whatsoever and from the begining of the said Parlyament shall like-
wise be disabled to grant any avoidance to any Benefice Prebend or other
Ecclesiasticall Liveing Bee it enacted by the King and Queens most excel-
lent Majestyes by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spirituall and
Temporal! and Commons in this present Parliament assembled and by the au-
thoritie of the same That every person who shall refuse or neglect to make
repeate and subscribe the Declaration mentioned in one Act of this present
Parlyament Entituled An Act for the better Secureing the Government by dis-
armeing Papists and Reputed Papists (4) when the same shall be tendred to
such person by any two or more justices of the Peace as in the said Act is
enacted or who shall upon notice given as in the said Act is directed refuse
or forbeare to appeare before them for the m.akeing repeating and subscribe-

(1) Commons' Journals, x. 190.

(2) Stat. 1 Gul. & Mar. c. 20, s. 19.
(o) Vide Vol. iii. p. 21.

(4) Stat. 1 Gul. & Mar. c. 15.

1689] WILLIAM AND MARY. 7

ing thereof and shall thereupon have his Name Sirname and usuall place of
abode certified and recorded at the Gencrall Quarter Sessions to be holden for
the Shire llideing Division or Liberty for which such two Justices shall be
Justices of the Peace by the Gierke of the Peace or Tovv-ne Gierke as in the
said Act is appointed Every such person soe recorded shall be from and after
the time of such Record made adjudged taken and esteemed disabled to make
such Presentation Gollation Nomination Donation or Grant of any avoidance
of any Benefice Prebend or Ecclesiasticall Liveing as fully and amply as if
such person were a Popish Recusant Gonvict by the Laws or Statutes of this
Realme any Law Statute or Usage to the contrary notwithstanding And that the
Ghancellor and Schollers of the University of Oxford and the Ghancellor and
SchoUers of the University of Cambridge by what Name or Names soever they or
either of them are incorporated shall respectively have the Presentation Nomina-
tion Gollation and Donation of and to every such Benefice Prebend or Ecclesias-
ticall Liveing Schoole Hospitall and Donative sett lying and being in the re-
spective Gounties Gities and other the Places and Limitts in the said Act of the
third of King James mentioned as in and by the said Act is directed and ap-
pointed soe often as any of them shall become void according to the Limita-
tions Directions and Provisions in that behalfe limitted enacted and provided.

And bee it further enacted by the authoritie aforesaid That where any
person or persons are or shall be seised or possessed of any Advowson Right
of Presentation Gollation or Nomination to any such Ecclesiasticall Liveing
Free Schoole or Hospitall as aforesaid in Trust for any Papist or Popish
Recusant who shall be convicted or disabled according to the true intent
and meaning of the said Statute made in the third yeare of the Reigne
of the said King James the First or by this present Act Every such person
and persons soe seised and possessed in Trust for any Papist or Popish
Recusant convict or disabled shall be and are hereby adjudged to be disabled
to present nominate or collate to any such Ecclesiasticall Liveing Free Schoole
or Hospitall or to grant any Avoidance thereof and their and every of their
Presentations Nominations Gollations and Grants shall be null and void to all
intents and purposes whatsoever And the Chancellors and Schollers of the
said respective Universities as aforesaid upon every Avoidance shall have the
Presentations Nominations and Gollations to such Ecclesiastical Liveings Free
Schooles and Hospitalls in such manner as they should have the same in case
such Recusant convict or disabled were seized or possessed thereof And in
case any Trustee or Trustees or Mortgagee or Grantee of any Avoidance here-
after present nominate or collate or cause to be presented nominated or col-
lated any person to any such Ecclesiasticall Liveing Free Schoole or Hospi-
tall whereof the Trust shall be for any Recusant convict or disabled Avithout
giveing notice of the Avoidance in Writeing to the Vice-Chancellor for the
time being of the University to whome the Presentation Nomination or Gol-
lation shall belong according to the true intent of this Act within three months
after the Avoidance shall happen such Trustee or Trustees Mortgagees or
Grantees shall forfeit and pay the simime of five hundred pounds to the said
respective Chancellors and Schollers of either of the said Universities to whom
such Presentation Nomination or Gollation shall belong according to the true
intent of this present Act to be recovered in any of their Majestyes Courts of
Record by Action of Debt Bill Plaint or Information wherein noe Essoigne
Protection or Wager of Law shall be allowed Provided alwayes That the said
Chancellors and Schollors of either of the said Universities shall not present
or nominate to any Benefice with Cure Prebend or other Ecclesiastical Live-

3 WILLIAM AND MARY. [1689

ing any person as shall then have any other Benefice vnth Cure of Soules
And if any such Presentation shall be had or made of any such person soe
beneficed the said Presentation shall be utterly void any thing in this Act to
the contrary not^vithstanding Provided That if any person soe presented or
nominated to any Benefice with Cure shall be absent from the same above the
space of sixty dayes in any one year that in such Case the said Benefice shall
become void Provided nevertheless That if any such person shall present
himselfe before the Justices of the Peace at the Generall Quarter Sessions to
be holden for the County Rideing Division or Liberty where his name was
recorded and shall there in open Court make repeate and subscribe the said
Declaration and take the severall Oaths contained in one Act of this present
Parlyament Entituled An Act for the Abrogating of the oaths of Supremacy
and Allegiance and appointing other Oaths (1) he shall from thenceforth be
discharged of and from the said Disability and be enabled to make such Pre-
sentation Collation Nomination and Donation and Grant of any Avoidance to
any Benefice Prebend or Ecclesiasticall Liveing Schoole or Hospitall as if this
Act had not beene made.(2)

John Billers the Public Orator was deprived of that oflfice for re-
fusing the oaths to the Government.(3)

On the 24th of August died Dr. John Coplestone Provost of King's
College. The King designed Mr. (afterwards Sir) Isaac Newton, of
Trinity College, as his successor, but on the 29th of August it was
debated before the King and Council, whether he or any other not of
the foundation of King's College was eligible as Provost ; " & after the
reasons shewed & argued, Mr. Newton was laid aside." On the 2d of
September, John Hartcliffe M.A., fellow of King's College and Master
of Merchant Taylor's School, brought down the King's letters recom-
mending him as Provost. On the following day, thirty-three fellows
met in the Chapel, three only voted for Mr. Hartcliffe, the others
elected as Provost Dr. Charles Roderick who went over to Buckden
to be admitted by the Bishop of Lincoln, but he made some objec-
tion. During the King's visit on the 7th of October, he, on the
petition of the fellows, ratified their choice, and on the 12th of that
month Dr. Roderick was admitted Provost.(4)

On the 30th of September, the Corporation made the following

order : —

Whereas we hear his Majestie doth intend shortly to come to this Towne,
It is agreed & ordered that such present shal be made to his Majestie

(1) Stat. 1 Gul. & Mar. c. 8.

(2) Stat. 1 Gul. & Mar. c. 26.

(3) Masters, Life of Baker, 35 n.

(4) Aid. Newton's Diary ; Birch, Life of Archbishop Tillotson, 239.

For many years the Provostship of King-'s College was reputed to be in the gift of the
CroAvn, in consequence of the fellows usually electing the parties recommended by the
King.

Mandates for masterships and fellowships were generally disused from this period, but it
is said that Dr. Bramstone was appointed Master of Trinity Hall by Queen Anne. (Com-
pleat History of Europe for the year 1703, p. 496.)

16S9] "WILLIAM AND MARY. g

by this Corporacion as Mr. Maior & the more part of the Aldermen shall
think. And that the charge thereof and all other charges in relacion to the
recepcion of his Majestic by this Corporacion shal be borne by the Corpora-
cion, and Mr. Maior is desired to take care thercof.(l)

The following account of a visit of the Vicechancellor and Heads
to the King at Newmarket, and of the King's visit to Cambridge,
appeared in the Gazette : —

Cambridge Octob. 8.

On Sunday last, the Vice-Chancellor, the Heads of the CoUedges, and Doc-
tors in all Faculties, with several Regents and Non-Regents, in their proper
habits, waited upon His Majesty at Newmarket, being introduced into his
Royal presence by his Grace the Duke of Somerset, Chancellor of the Uni-
versity. The Reverend Dr. Covell, Vice-Chancellor, addressed himself to His
Majesty in a proper and elegant speech, congratulating the Glorious successes
His Majesty had been bless'd with in his endeavours to rescue this Church
and Nation from the imminent dangers that threatened both, and which were
more particularly pointed against the Universities : And concluded with an
humble recommendation of themselves to His Majesty's Protection, wherein
the Protestant Religion had so much concern. To which his Majesty was
pleas'd to return in answer, That as God had blessed Him in this undertak-
ing, so He should faithfully discharge his trust in preserving the Church of
England, and giving all Protection and favour to the Universities. They then
waited upon His Majesty to Church, and at their return from thence were
conducted to the King's House, where by Directions from His Majesty, they
were received and splendidly entertained at Dinner by Sir James Forbes, Clerk
of the Green Cloth.

The next day His Majesty was pleas'd to make a Visit to the University,
and arrived here in the morning, being met without the Town by the Mayor
and Aldermen of the Corporation in their Formalities, who complimented His
Majesty by Mr. Pepys, their present Mayor, and made a present of a large
basin and ewre. They marched before him into Town, at the Entrance whereof
His Majesty was received by Rows of Scholars, according to their several
Degrees, on each side of the Streets leading to the Publick Schools, and
amidst the loud Acclamations of all sorts of Persons. His Majesty allighting
at the Schools, received there the Publick Thanks of the University, by the
Vice-Chancellor and their Orator, for the great Honour that was then done
them ; and an extraordinary Commencement being held on this signal occa-
sion, for conferring Degrees on persons of Worth in all Faculties, Mr. Kidder
and Mr. Felling were created Doctors in His Majesty's presence, being pre-
sented by the Regius Professor, Dr. Beaumont, with that unimitable Elegancy
which is so peculiar to him. (2)

From the Schools His Majesty walked to King's College, where Mr. Lay-

(1) Corporation Common Day Book,

(2) The King had written from Newmarket to the Vicechancellor and Senate, notifying'
his intention of visiting the University, and empowering them before the 18th of October,
to confer deg^-ees in the respective faculties on snch persons as should be nominated by
their Chancellor the Duke of Somerset, as also the degree of Master of Arts on such persons
of birth and estate as the Vicechancellor should nominate. — MS. Baker, xxx. 344.

The degrees conferred on this occasion Avere llichard Kidder afterwards Bishop of Bath
and Wells, Monsieur AUix afterwards Dean of Ely, Monsieur Spanhcim and twelve others.
Doctors in Divinity, Colonel Cutts, Sir Robert Dawes and five others. Doctors of the Civil
Law, seven Doctors of Physic, eight Bachelors of Divinity, Monsieur Facher and four others.
Masters of Arts, and two Bachelors of Physic. — MS. Baker, xxx. ^fj^ ; xxxii. l'J2.

VOL. IV. B

10 WILLIAM AND MARY. [1689

ton, a Fellow of that Society, declaring in his Speech the Apprehensions they
■were under least they might have offended His Majesty by a late Petition,
wherein they only mentioned one single Person as duly qualified to succeed
in the Vacancy of their Provost, and humbly beseeching His Majesty's favour-
able Construction of that matter, His Majesty was pleased (that none might
be left there doubtful of His Favour) graciously to assure them. That He
willingly granted all they desired, or could wish, and that they might admit
Dr. Roderick to be their Provost as soon as they pleas'd, which they received
with the greatest joy and Gratitude imaginable.(l)

After that His Majesty went to Trinity College, and in the first Court
thereof was Congratulated by the Honourable Dr. Montagu, the Master, and
in the second by Mr. Norris, a Fellow of that College, and with a Copy of
English Verses in the new built Library, the Structure whereof His Majesty
was very well pleased with. And here His Majesty was pleased to accept of
a Dinner provided by the University in the Colledge Hall, where, at the
upper end, was a Table raised five Steps above the floor, at which sate His
Majesty, and at one end His Royal Highness Prince George of Denmark, who
attended him hither; and at the other Tables on each side of the Hall Avere
their Excellencies the Spanish and Dutch Ambassadors, with several other
Foreign Ministers, together with the Nobility and principal Gentry in great
numbers. All which His Majesty was Graciously pleased to accept, sending
from Table a message to his Grace the Chancellor, That he drank to him,
and wished Prosperity to the University of Cambridge. Immediately after
Dinner His Majesty returned to Newmarket through infinite throngs of People,
who crowded from all parts to have the happiness of seeing His Majesty .(2)

Subjoined is Alderman Newton's account of the King's visit: —
7 Oct. 89. Munday morning about halfe an houre after ten came his Ma-
jestic King William to Cambridge, the Maior & Aldermen in Scarlet on
Horseback ye 24 on foot on Christ's College Peice being alighted & kneeling
on pesses or matts received him. Mr. John Pepys then Maior went & yeelded
his Mace to him, which ye King retourn'd, and then made a short speech &
presented from ye Corporacion to his Majestic a bason & Ewer of about y©
value of 33ii. brought do-vvn by John DisbroAv goldsmith from London who was
sent up thither to buy a cup of about 501i. value but it could not be had ; after
ye Mayor ended his speech, ye Maior and Aldermen on horseback & ye 24 ye
juniors first & Maior next ye King's Coach, went before ye King to ye Regent
walke, where wee left them, & then on horseback went with Mr. Maior to his
house where ye Maior & Aldermen onely at ye Corporation charge dined.

The King dyned at Trinity Coll. Hall, & about 3 of ye Clock went out of
Cambridge to Newmarket from whence that morning he came, there was none
of ye King's Macebearers nor Kettle drums here nor above 4 or 25 of ye
King's guards. George Prince of Denmark was with ye King at ye head end
of ye Coach and its said 2 dutch Embassadors at ye other end for 4 was in
ye King's Coach with himselfe, the King goeing to King's College chappell,
a peticion or speach was presented to him from that Coll. on ye behalfe of
Dr. Roderick, ye King tould them thereupon that he accepted of their sub-
mission & granted their request, w^h was that Do^. Roderick might be ye
Provost of King's College.(3)

(1) Vide ante, p. 8.

(2) London Gazette 10 Oct. to 14 Oct. 1689.

(3) Aid. Newton's Diarj-.

16893 WILLIAM AND MARY. U

Mr. Pepys the Mayor made the following charges in his account : —

£. s. d.

Paid Homage fees 41 06 8

Paid Mr. Disbrow for the present 60 10 06

Paid the Waites 02 00 00

Paid the harnesmcn 00 08 00

Paid the Ringers 00 06 00

Paid for making the Conduit run wine 01 10 00

Expended at Mr. Pepys his house upon the Entertainment 12 00 00(1)

On the 16th of October, William RusseU Earl of Bedford(2) K.G.,
was elected Recorder of the Town. (3)

An action of trespass was brought by J. Skinner against Caesar
Crouch one of the Proctors of the University, for goods seized by
him going down the river to Sturbridge fair, the duty for them not
being paid to the University. The defendant pleaded the privilege
of the University, and after this the action abated by the death of
the plaintiff. His executors brought another action for the same
trespass. The defendant, who at the time this second action was
brought had left the University, in Michaelmas Term this year, moved
the Court of King's Bench that the privilege of the University might
be allowed him and that he might not be put to the charge of plead-
ing it specially. It w^as ruled by the Court that the defendant
should plead the University charter. Mr. Justice Dolben intimated
hifs opinion that " the Defendant ought to have this Privilege, being
sued for a Matter done by him as Proctor of the University."
Lord Chief Justice Holt however said "Privilege respects the Per-
son, not the Cause."(4)

The 4th of November, being the King's birth day, Dr. Johnson
the new Vicechancellor " immediately after admission to his Office,
" gave particular order that bonfires should be made in every Col-
" lege, for the more solemn keeping his Majesties Birth-day, which
" was accordingly observed by all w^ith great acclamations of joy."(5)

On the 4th of December was read a first time in the House of
Commons " A Bill for Confirmation of the Charters of the Two Uni-
versities, and their Liberties and Privileges." On the 13th, was read
a petition from the city of Oxford praying to be heard by counsel
against this bill. On the 20th of January, a motion being made that
the bill should then be read a second time, the house divided, when

(1) Corporation Common Day Book, 26 Sept. 1693.

(2) In April, 1694, created Duke of Bedford and Marquess of Tavistock.

(3) Tanfield Lemon Esq. was sworn as Deputy Recorder 28th March, 1690.

(4) Comberbach's Reports, 171.

(5) London Gazette, 7 Nov. 1689.

12 WILLIAM AND MARY. [1690

there were, Yeas 109, Noes 151, so it passed in the negative, but it
was ordered that the second reading and the hearing of counsel
thereupon should be adjourned till the 23rd. The bill was read a
second time on the 24th, and afterwards the counsel for the city of
Oxford were heard against the bill, and the counsel for the Univer-
sity of Oxford in answer. Both sides being withdrawn the bill was
C3mmitted.(l) The Parliament was prorogued on the 27th of Janu-
ary, and before the day of re-assembling was dissolved.

On the 16th of December, the royal assent was given to an act
for a grant to their Majesties of an aid of 2s. in the pound for
one year. The Commissioners appointed to raise this aid in the
University and Town were the Vicechancellor and Mayor for the
time being. Sir Thomas Chichely Knt., Sir John Cotton Bart., Sir
Robert Sawyer Knt, the Hon. John Montague D.D., Joseph Beau-
mont, George Chamberlain, John Covell, Thomas Smolt, Thomas
Bainbridge Doctors of Divinity, George Oxenden, William Cooke,
Charles Roderick Doctors of the Civil Law, Isaac Newton, Andrew
Pern Esquires, Samuel Newton, Thomas Story, Isaac Watlington,
John(2) Ewen, Thomas Fowles, Thomas Fox Aldermen, and Robert
Drake Gent. The sites and estates of the Colleges and Halls, and
the stipends of the Masters, fellows, scholars and officers thereof,
and of the Readers, officers, and ministers of the University, were
exempted from charge.(3)
1689 ^ On the 20th of January, Sir Robert Sawyer, one of the Members
— >of Parliament for the University, was, by 131 against 71, expelled
^ the House of Commons for having been concerned in the prosecu-
tion of Sir Thomas Armstrong. On the 23rd, a new w^it was
ordered.(4)

1690.

This year, died Dr. John Peachell Master of Magdalene College,
He is said to have starved himself to death. Archbishop Sancroft
having rebuked him for setting an ill example in the University by
drunkenness and other loose conduct, he did penance by four days
abstinence, after which he would have eaten but could not.(5)

On the 23rd of April, the royal assent was given to an act by

f\) Commons' Journals, x. 300, 301, 308, 332, 333, 336, 337, 343.

(2) Thomas?

(3) Stat. 1 Gul. & Mar. sess. 2, c. 1.

(4) Commons' Journals, x. 337, 340 ; Cobbett's Parliamentary Hist, of England, v. 516—527.
The Parliament was soon afterwards dissolved. Sir Robert Sawyer was elected one of the

members for the University in the next Parliament, during- which he died.

(5) Memoirs of Pepys, v. 69 n.

1690] WILLIAM AND MARY. I3

which the County of Cambridge, exclusive of the Isle of Ely, was
charged in an aid with the monthly sum of £2040. The Commis-
sioners for the University and Town were the Vicechancellor and
Mayor for the time being, Hon. John Montague D.D., Sir Thomas
Chichely Knt., Sir John Cotton Bart., Sir Robert Sawyer Knt, Hon.
Edward Finch, Granado Pigott Esq., George Chamberlaine, Joseph
Beaumont, Humphrey Gower, Thomas Smolt, John Balderston, John
Covel, Thomas Bainbridge Doctors of Divinity, Charles Rodericke,
George Oxenden, William Cooke Doctors of Civil Law, Samuel New-
ton, Thomas Story, John(l) Ewen, Thomas Fowles, Isaac Watlington,
John Pepis, Thomas Fox, John Fage Aldermen, William Baron,
Robert Drake Gentlemen, James Johnson, Isaac Newton, Samuel
Perne Esquires. The sites of the Colleges and Halls, and the stipends
of the Masters, fellows, and scholars, and of the Readers, officers,
and ministers of the University were exempted from charge.(2)

About this time,(3) David Loggan, a native of Dantzic, published
a collection of views of the Colleges and public buildings, with two
views of the Town, a map of Cambridge, a plate of the costumes of
the University, and a view of Eton College. The title is "Canta-
" brigia Illustrata sive Omnium Celeberrimas istius Universitatis
" Collegiorum Aularum Bibliothecae Academicae Scholarum Publica-
" rum Sacelli Coll. Regalis nee non Totius Oppidi Ichnographia.
" Delineatore & Sculptore Dav. Loggan Utriusque Academiae Cal-
" cographo."

At this time was living(4) Thomas Mace who is said to have been
a native of Cambridge,(5) and was the author of a book published in
1676, with this title: " Musick's Monument; or a Remembrancer of
*' the Best Practical Musick, Both Divine, and Civil, that has ever
" been known, to have been in the World. Divided into Three
" Parts. The first Part, shews a Necessity of Singing Psalms, Well
" in Parochial Churches, or not to sing at all ; Directing, how They
"may be well Sung, Certainly; by Two several Ways, or Mean?;
" with an Assurance of a Perpetual National-quire ; and also shew-

(1) Thomas?

(2) Stat. 2 Gul. & Mar. sess. 2, c. 1.

(3) Loggan's prints were probably published at various times befoi'e they were collected.
Thus the views of King's College are dedicated to three succeeding Provosts, Sir Thomas
Page, Dr. Coplcston, and Dr. Hoderick. One of the views of St. John's College is dedicated
to Bishop Gunning, who died in 1684.

(4) See in Burney's Hist, of Music, (iii. 482,) an advertisement from whence it appears
Mace, who was 77 years old, Avas in 1690, in London, "in Dcvereux-couit, next the Grecian
coffee-house at the Temple back-gate," for the purpose of selling musical instruments and
books, and assisting those desirous of partaking of his experimental skill. Old and deaf as
he was he taught the theorbo the French lute and the viol, as also composition and " the
knack of procuring invention to young composers."

(5) MS. Baker, xxxiv. 363.

l^ WILLIAM AND MARY. [1690

*' ing, How Cathedral Musick, may be mucli Improved and Refined.
" The Second Part, Treats of the Noble Lute, (the Best of Instru-
" ments) now made Easie ; and all its Occult — Lock'd-up — Secrets
"Plainly laid Open, never before Discovered; whereby It is now
" become so Familiarly Easie, as Any Instrument of Worth, known
" in the World ; Giving the True Reasons of its Former Difficulties ;
" and Proving its present Facility, by Undeniable Arguments ; Direct-
" ing the most Ample Way, for the use of the Theorboe, from off
" the Note, in Consort, &c. Shewing a General Way of Procuring
** Invention and Playing Voluntarily, upon the Lute, Viol, or any
♦'other Instrument; with Two Pritty Devices; the One, shewing
" how to Translate Lessons, from one Tuning, or Instrument, to
" Another; The other, an Indubitable Way, to know the Best Tuning,
" upon any Instrument. Both done by Example. In the Third Part,
** The Generous Viol, in its Rightest Use, is Treated upon ; with
" some Curious Observations, never before Handled, concerning It,
" and Musick in General. By Tho. Mace, one of the Clerks of Tri-
** nity CoUedge, in the University of Cambridge. "(i)

I have not discovered when Mr. Mace, who was perhaps in holy
orders,(2) ^yas appointed a clerk or singing man of Trinity College.
It appears from his book that he was born in or about 1613, that
he married in or about 1636, was in York during the siege of that
city in 1644, taught music in the University, and initiated Sir Robert
Bolles in that art, had broken both his arms and was deaf, and that
he had several children, of whom the youngest named John attained
great proficiency on the lute, principally by reading his father's book.
Mr. Mace invented an instrument called the dyphone or double lute,(3)
but his fame principally rests upon his book,(4) which is known to

(1) " London, Printed by T. Katcliffe, and N. Thompson, for the Author, and are to be
«' Sold by Himself, at his House in Cambridge, and by John Carr, at His Shop at the Middle-
" Temple Gate in Fleetstreet, 1676." 4to.

(2) On the I6th of August, 1G67, Thomas Mace was elected one of the bailiffs of the Town,
but was discharged from that office on account of his being in priest's orders on September
24th. — Corporation Common Day Book.

(3) There is an engraving of the dyphone in Musick's Monument (p. 32), with these verses
around it : —

•' The Lute Dyphone

" Or Two Lutes in One.

" The English & the French Lute Joy-ned are

" Both which have made a Lute beyond Compare."

(4) The subjoined extracts from this Avork will give a good idea of the author's style.
The first of these extracts relates to a lesson for the lute, to which he gave the name of
•'the Author's Mistress :" —

" It is (This very Winter) Just 40 Years since I made It; (and yet It is New, because All
" like It) and Then, when I Avas past being a Suitor to my Best Beloved, Dearest, and
" SAveetest Living-Mistress ; But not Married ; yet Contriving the Best, and Readiest Avay
" toAvards It : And Thus It Avas,

" That very Night, in Avhich I Avas Thus Agitated in my Mind, concerning Her, (My Living
" Mistress ;) She being in Yorkshire and Myself at Cambridge,) Close shut up in My
" Chamber, Still, and Quiet, about 10 or 11 a Clock at Night, Musing, and Writing Letters
" to Her; Her Mother, and some other Friends, in Summing up, and Determining the

J
390 ^

Olj

1690-91] WILLIAM AND MARY. Jg

all who are curious in the history of music, and which from its
quaint language and gossiping character is not without interest to the
general reader. Mr. Mace's portrait, engraved by Faithorne from a
painting by Henry Cooke, is prefixed to " Musick's Monument."
1690^ On the 23rd of March, Queen Mary addressed a letter to the
Vice-chancellor and Senate, requiring that all persons admitted to
Degrees under Letters Mandatory should pay fees, subscribe in the

whole Matter, concerning our Marriage : (You may conceive, I might have very Intent
Thoughts, all that Time, and might meet with some Difficulties. (For as yet I had not
gain'd Her Mothers Consent.) So that in My Writings, I was sometimes put to My
Studyings. At Avhich times, (My Lute lying upon My Table,) I sometimes took It up, and
W^alk'd about My Chamber; Letting my Fancy Drive, which way It would, (for I studied
nothing, at that time, as to Musick) yet my Secret Genius, or Fancy prompted my Fingers,
(do what I could) into This very Humour; So that every Time I walk'd, and took up My
Lute, (in the Interim, betwixt Writing, and Studying) This Ayre wovild needs offer It self
unto me, Continiially ; In so much that at the last, (liking it Well, and lest It should be
Lost,) I took Paper, and set It down, taking no further Notice of It, at That Time; But
afterwards. It pass'd abroad, for a very Pleasant, and Delightful Ajtc, amongst All; yet
I gave It no Name, till a long Time after ; nor taking more notice of It, (in any particular
kind) than of any other My Composures, of That Nature.

" But after I was Married, and had brought My Wife Home, to Cambridge ; It so fell out,
' that one Eainy morning I stay'd within ; and in My Chamber, My Wife, and I, were all
' alone ; She Intent upon Her Needle-Works, and I Playing upon my Lute, at the Table by
' Her; She sat verj- Still, and Quiet, Listning to All I Play'd, without a Word a Long Time,
' till at last, I hapned to Play This Lesson ; which, so soon as I had once Play'd, She
' Earnestly desired Me to Play It again ; For, said She, That shall be Called, My Lesson.

" From which Words, so spoken, with Emphasis, and Accent, It presently came into my
' Eemembrance, the Time Avhen,and the Occasion of Its being produced, and returned Her
' This Answer, viz. That It may very properly be called Your Lesson ; For when I com-
' pos'd It, You Avere wholly in my Fancy, and the Chief Object, and Euler of my Thoughts ;
' telling Her how, and when It Avas made : And therefore, ever after, I Thus Call'd It, My
' Mistress; (And most of my Scholars since, caU It, Mrs. Mace, to This Day.)"

" I have known a Reverend Dean of a Quire (a very notable, smart-spirited Gentleman)
' Egregiously Baffled by one of the present Clarks ; Avho to my knoAvledge was more Igno*
' rant in the Art of Song, then a Boy might be thought to be, who had Learn'd to Sing but
' only One month : yet could make a shift to Sing most of the Common Services and
' Anthems, by long use and habit, (Avith the Eest) pritty Avell, (as Birds in Cages use to
' Avhistle their Old Notes.)

" Yet I say, This Dean being knoAvn by This Bold-Confident-Dunce-Clark (Avho you must
' knoAv took himself to be a kind of Pot-W^it) to have no Skill at all in the Art of' Musick ;
' The Dean, I say, upon a Time (after Prayers) coming out and foUoAving This Great-Jolly-
' Boon-Fellow, and as he was pulling off his Surplice, began to Eebuke him sharply, (and
' indeed very justly) for a Gross Absurdity committed by Him in That very Service Time,
' by reason of his Great-Dunstical-Insufficiency in Singing of an Anthem alone; in Avhich
' he Avas so Notoriously and Eidiculously Out, as cavised All, or most of the Young People
' then present, to burst out into Laughter, to the Great Blemish of the Church-Service, and
' the Dishonovir of God, (at That Time, and in That Place.)

" But Thus it fell out, (in short) viz. that after the Angry Dean had Euffled him soundly
' in very smart Language, so that he thought he had given him Shame enough for his In-
' sufficiency and Duncery ;

" HoAv think ye This Blade came off?

" Why, most Notably, and in such a manner as made all the standers by W^onder and
" Admire Him ; venting himself in These very "Words, (for I my self Avas both an Eye and
" Ear Avitness) Avith a most stern Angry Countenance, and a vehement Rattling Voice, even
" so as he made the Church llingAvithall, saying. Sir— r— r — r (shaking his head) I'd ha' you
" knoAv I Sing after the Eatc of so much a year, (naming his "Wages) and except ye Mend
" my Wages, I am resolv'd Never to sing Better Avhilst I live.

"Hark ye Here, Gentlemen! Avas there ever a more Nicking piece of shrcAvd W'it, so sud-
" deniy shcAv'd upon the Occasion, than This Avas ? Yea, or more Notable and Effectual to
" the Purpose? as you shall hear, by the Sequel.

" For the Cholerick Dean Avas so fully and sufficiently AnsAver'd, that turning immediately
"away from him, Avithout one Avord more. He Hasted out of the Church, but Never after
" found the least Fault with This Jolly Brave Clark ; who Avas Hugg'd more then sufficiently
" by all the Eest of the Puny-Poor-FelloAV Clarks, for This his Heroick Vindication and
" Wit.

• " I have here set doAvn This Story out of no Jocundity, or Jolly-Light-Humour, (God
" knoAvs) but only to sheAV Avhat Confidence many such Ignorant Clarks have groAvn up unto,
" mecrly as it Avere to shroud themselves in their Insufficiency ; and seeminsrly likcAvise to
" Justifie the same, only for want of Better or more sufficient AlloAvanccs."

1691
92

IQ WILLIAM AND MARY. [1691-92

common form and words and perform (or give sufficient caution for
the performance of) all statutable acts and exercises.(i)

1691.

About this time, Dr. Symon Patrick Bishop of Ely established
Lectureships in St. Botolph's and St. Clement's, " allowing to each
" of them thirty pounds a year, for an afternoon Sermon every
" Sunday. "(2)

By an Act which received the royal assent on the 24th of De-
cember, the county of Cambridge, (exclusive of the Isle of Ely) was
charged in an aid to the Crown with the monthly sum of £2040.
The Commissioners for the Town and University were the Vice-
chancellor and Mayor for the time being, and the same persons
who were named in the Act of 1690(3) with the additition of Tanfield
Leman Esq. The sites of the Colleges and Halls, and the stipends
of the Masters fellows and scholars, and of the readers officers and
ministers of the Universities were exempted from charge.(4)

}0n the 20th of January, the House of Lords passed and sent
to the House of Commons. " An Act for confirming the Charters
" of the University of Cambridge, and the Colleges and Halls there-
" in."(5) It was read in the Commons the first time on the 26th,
and on the 9th of February was read a second time and com-
mitted. On the 13th, the Committee reported the bill without any
amendments.(6) On the 19th was presented a petition from Mrs.
Hammond against the bill. On the 22nd, the House heard coun-
sel against and for the bill which was read a third time. After
rejecting one amendment and agreeing to others, the question being
put that the bill do pass, it was rejected by 119 against 69. The
votes of the 19th and 22nd of February are subjoined : —
Die Veneris, 19o. Fetsruarii ;

4>^. GULIELMI ET MaRIJE.

A Petition of Anne Hamond, Relict of Anthony Hamond, of Somersham
in the County of Huntington, Esquire, was read ; setting forth, That whereas
there is a Bill depending before this House : intituled. An Act for confirming

(1) MS. Baker, xxx. 344.

(2) Bayle, General Dictionary, ed. Bernard, Birch, & Lockman, viii. 197; Bp. Patrick's
Autobiography, 163, 220.

(3) Vide ante, p. 13.

(4) Stat. 3 Gul. & Mar. c. 5.

(5) This bill ^vas read a first time in the House of Lords, on the 21st of December, 1G9U
It was read a second time on the ilth of January 161)1-2, and on the 13tli committed to
a Committee of the whole House, and then to a special Committee, who on tlie 16th reported
the bill with amendments, Avhich being agreed to, the bill was ordered to be engrossed. On
the 2flth it was read a third time, and upon the question passed. — Lords' Journals, xiv. 61)6;
XV. 22, 28, 33, 39.

1691-92] WILLIAM AND MARY. l«y

the Charters and Liberties of the University of Cambridge, and the Colleges
and Halls therein ; wherein there is a certain Clause inserted, whereby ....
(inter alia) That the Rectory of Somersham, with Colne and Pidley, should
stand appropriated to the Chancellor, Masters, and Scholars of the said Uni-
versity, and their Successors for ever, in Trust, for the better Support of the
Regius Professor of Divinity in the same University; and that the respective
Professors for the Time being, and their Executors and Administrators, should
be thereby impowered, in the Name of the said Chancellor, Masters, and
Scholars, to sue for and Recover all Tythes, and other Profits, arising by
the said Rectory: And whereas Dr. Beamont, the present Regius Professor of
Divinity, having, for several Years, pretended to hold and injoy the said Rec-
tory, without Institution and Induction therein, or taking the Oaths for the
same, as by Law required, he having already as many Benefices, as he is by
Law qualified to hold; which hath occasioned divers Suits and Controversies
between him and the Petitioner, who hath a considerable Estate within the
said Parish, and several other of the Parishioners thereof; and in which Suit
the Petitioner hath obtained Sentence against him the said Dr. Beamont, in
the Court of Delegates, by reason of his not being instituted and inducted, and
otherwise qualified, as aforesaid ; therefore, forasmuch as the above-recited Clause
does alter the Nature of the said Rectory, and creates a Title thereto with-
out Institution and Induction, contrary to the true Intent of the said Bill ;
and will be prejudicial to the Revenue of the Cro\Mi, by taking away the Pay-
ment of the Tenths and Fii-st-fruits : and is an Encouragement to Pluralities,
and purely designed for the Service of the said Dr. Beamont, to the great
Prejudice of the Petitioner, and other the Inhabitants of the said Parish;
therefore praying. That, before the said Bill be passed, the Petitioner may be
heard at the Bar of this House, by her CounseL

Ordered, That the Petitioner be heard, by her Counsel, at the Bar of this
House, upon Monday Morning next, against the Bill, intituled. An Act for
confirming the Charters and Liberties of the University of Cambridge, and the
Colleges and Halls therein.

Ordered, That the King's Counsel be heard also, upon Monday Morning
next, against the said Bill ; And that, afterwards, the said Bill be read a Third
time.

Ordered, That the several Charters recited in the said Bill be produced to
this House upon Monday Morning next{l)

LUNiE, 22 DIE FeBRUARII;

40. Gulielmi et Mari.tl

(According to the Order of the Day) the Counsel for Mrs. Amy Hamond,
and also for the University of Cambridge, were called in ; and heard against,
and for, the Bill, intituled. An Act for confirming the Charters of the Uni-
versity of Cambridge, and the Colleges and Halls therein.

And being withdrawn ;

The Bill was read the Third time.

An ingrossed Clause was offered, as a Rider to the Bill, That it shall and
may be lawful to and for the Masters, Provosts, and such Fellows, who by
the Statutes and Usage of the respective Colleges and Halls, are Governors
thereof, to allow, by Warrants, under their hands and Seals, any Number of
Fellows, not exceeding one third of the Avhole number of Follows at a time,
to profess Law or Physick ; any Statutes, Ordinances, or Usages of the said

(1) Coimnons' Journals, x. G80.
VOL. IV C

|g WILLIAM AND MARY. [1691-92

University, Colleges, or Halls, to the contrary notAvithstanding : And all Sta-
tutes and Ordinances of the said University, Colleges, and Halls, as to such
Clause or Clauses in them, which oblige the Masters, Provosts, or Fel-
lows, to the contrary ; and all Oaths, or Part of any Oath, appointed to be
taken by them, relating thereunto : are hereby abrogated, and made void. Pro-
vided nevertheless, That when, and as often as, any Fellow of any College
or Hall in the said University, allowed to profess Law or Physick, by virtue
of this Act, is in actual Possession of any Civil Office or Employment, of the
yearly value of Sixty Pounds per Annum, that then his fellowship shall be
made void, in like Way and Manner, as it might have been, if the said Fel-
low were inducted into an Ecclesiastical Benefice of the like Value, by the
Statutes and Ordinances of the respective Colleges or Halls, before the making
of this present Act.

And the same was twice read.

And the Question being put. That the Clause be read the Third time ;
It passed in the Negative.

Another ingrossed Clause was offered, as a Rider to the Bill, That this
Bill shall not prejudice their Majesties, or their First-fruits and Tenths, but
that the said several Professors of Divinity, upon their Admittance into the
said Places, and during their Continuance therein, shall pay to their Majesties
the First-fruits and Tenths, due for the said Rectories, in such manner, as if
they had been instituted into the said Rectories ; any thing in this Bill to the
contrary notwithstanding.

And the same was thrice read ; and, with some Amendments made, the same
was, upon the Question put thereupon, agreed upon to be made Part of the
Bill.

Another Proviso was offered, as a Rider to the Bill, That this Act, nor any
thing therein, shall prejudice or preclude Sir John Bolles of Scampton in the
County of Lincolne, Baronet, his Heirs, &c. of or from any Right, Title, Claim,
or Demand, either in Law or Equity, that he or they now have, or at any time
hereafter may have, against the Masters, Fellows, and Scholars of Sidney Sus-
sex College in the University of Cambridge, or their Successors ; any thing
in this Act contained to the contrary in any wise notwithstanding.

And the same was thrice read; and upon the Question put thereupon, was
agreed upon to be made Part of the Bill.

Then an Amendment was proposed to be made to the Bill.
Pr. last, L, ^ after "Cambridge," to insert "or to the President and Col-
lege of the Physicians, London."

And the same was, upon the Question put thereupon, agreed unto by the
House.

Then the Question being put. that the Bill do pass;
The House divided.
The Yeas go forth.

Tellers for the Yeas, / ^^'- Bickerstaffe, ) g^^
|_ Mr. Mountague, J

m n ^ xv XT r Sir Walter Young, ") hq

Tellers for the Noes, J , _ »' J. 119.

\ Mr. Bennet, J

So it passed in the Negative.(l)

On the 25th of January, died in the 91st year of his age, George
Foxcroft Esq. sometime Governor of Fort Saint George in the East

(1) Commons' Journals, x. G83.

1692] WILLIAM AND MARY. 19

Indies. He was born at Cambridge, on the 24tli of May, IGOl, being
fifth son of Richard Foxcroft of Cambridge, by Alice his wife, daughter

of Hodson. His funeral sermon was preached by Mr. Price

at Saint Mary le Bow in London, February the 4th, 1G91-2.(1)

On the 17th of March, the Corporation appointed a committee to
treat with the gentlemen of the county who wished to erect a house
for holding the assizes near the Guildhall.(2)

1692.

On Hock Tuesday, the 10th of April, the Corporation made an
order(3) that if any one who then was or thereafter should be a Com-
mon Councilman should leave the Town, and not return to dwell
with his family in the Town within one year, the Common Council
or the major part of them should choose another Common Council-
man in his room, unless upon good cause shewn he should be dis-
pensed withal.(2)

On the 25th of June, a commission for repair of the Great Bridge
was directed to William Earl of Bedford, Sir Thomas Chicheley Knt.,
Sir Christopher Hatton, Sir John Cotton, Sir Levinus Bennett Baro-
nets, Sir Robert Cotton Knt., Henry Pike gent. Mayor, John Mon-
tague D.D., John Colville D.D., William Cooke LL.D., Samuel New-
ton, Thomas Fox, Thomas Ewin, Nicholas Eagle, Thomas Fowle,
Isaac Watlington, John Fage, John Pepys, and Charles Chambers
Aldermen. On the 3rd of December, a return of the lands liable to
contribute to the repair of the bridge was made by a jury, and on
the 13th of December, the Commissioners made an assessment on
these lands at the rate of £1. lOs. per hide.(4)

On the 8th of September, between 2 and 3 in the afternoon, there
was a slight earthquake felt at this place for a minute or two.(5)

On the 26th of September, the Corporation made an order that
there should not be more than eight attornies admitted or sworn to
practice in the Town Court at one time ; but this order was repealed
on the 13th of October.(2)

On the 21st of November, there was a contested election of a
Burgess in Parliament for the University in the room of Sir Robert
Sawyer deceased ;(6) the candidates were the Honourable Henry

(1) MS. Baker, xxxiv. 356.

(2) Corporation Common Day Book.

(3) A similar order respecting the Aldermen is contained in the code of Bye Laws made
1686.

(4) Pontage Book, 81—84, 96.

(5) Aid. Newton's Diary. See Burnet, Hist, of his own Time, cd. 1838, p. 583.

(6) New Writ ordered 4th of November, 1692.— Commons' Journals, x. 696.

20 WILLIAM AND MARY. [1G92-93

Boyle(i) M.A. of Trinity College, and John Brookbank(2) LL.D. fellow
of Trinity Hall ; of whom the former was successful. The Duke of
Somerset, Chancellor, was present and took the votes in the Regent
House, Dr. Oxenden the Vicechancellor elect being detained in Lon-
don by illness, and not having been admitted.(3)
1692 ^ The royal assent was on the 20th of January given to an act grant-
— [ ing an aid of 4s. in the pound. The Commissioners for the Town and
^ University were the Vicechancellor and Mayor for the time being, Hon.
John Mountagu D.D., Sir Thomas Chicheley Knt., Sir John Cotton
Bart., Hon. Edward Finch, Hon. Henry Boyle, Granado Pigott, Esq.,
Joseph Beaumont, Humphrey Gower, Thomas Smolt, John Balderston,
John Covin, Thomas Bainbridge, Doctors of Divinity ; Charles Roderick,
George Oxenden, William Cooke, Doctors of Civil Law; Tanfield Leman,
Esq., Samuel Newton, Thomas Story, Thomas Ewen, Isaac "Watling-
ton, John Pepys, Thomas Fowles, Thomas Fox, John Fage, Aldermen ;
James Johnson, Isaac New^ton, Samuel Perne, Esquires; Dr. Greene and
Francis Todd gent. The sites of the Colleges and Halls and the sti-
pends of the Masters fellows and scholars and of the readers officers
and ministers of the Universities were exempted from charge.(4)

The sums raised in the Town and University under the foregoing

act (5) were as follow : —

Town.

Parishes. On real property. On personal property.

£ s. d.

All Saints 148 8 0

Saint Andrew the Great 214 5 0

St. Andrew Barnwell . . 233 13 0 ,

St. Benedict 119 14 9

St. Botolph 129 13 0

St.Clement 169 7 10

St. Edward 178 8 0

St. Giles 153 8 6

St. Mary the Great .... 317 2 10 .....

St. Mary the Less .... 125 18 6

St. Michael 83 5 0

St.Peter 6.5 12 4

St. Sepulchre 98 14 9

HolyTrinity 200 10 6

£2238 2 0 £341 15 1

(1) He was brother of Charles Boyle second Earl of Burlington, and was appointed a Lord
of the Treasury in 1699, and Chancellor of the Exchequer 27th May, 1701. He was Secre-
tary of State from 1704 to 1710. On the 20th of October, 1714, he was created Baron Carleton
of Carleton in tbe county of York, and in 1721, was constituted Lwd President of the
Council. He died without issue in 172.5.

(2) " Although unsuccessful, he had a respectable poll, in which there appear many of the
"first names in the University; and, above all, he was honoured by the vote of Sir Isaac
•' Newton." — Monk's Life of Bentley, i, 187.

(.3) Aid. Newton's Diary.

(4) Stat. 4 Gul. & Mar. c. I.

(5) The assessments under this act are made the basis of the assessments to the land tax,
by the Stat. 38 Geo. III. c. 5, s. 7.

£
16

s.
9

d.
0

1
20

6
6

0
6

3
11

17
11

8
11

0
0

7
27

14
5

0
0

1692-93] WILLIAM AND MAIIY. 21

University.

Colleges. £

St. Peter's College 13

Clare Hall 10

Pembroke Hall 11

Caius College 13

Trinity Hall 2

Corpus Christi College 6

King's College 24

Queens' College 19

Catharine Hall G

Jesus College 2G

Christ's College 47

St. John's College 21

Magdalene College 1

Trinity College 39

Emmanuel College 13

Sidney College 12

(I.

£2G6 6 0(i;

On the 5th of February, was buried at Great Saint Mary's, Cap-
tain Edward Story.C-^) By his will(3) he gave and bequeathed his
real and personal estate, after payment of his debts, unto his son
Edward Story,(4) and the heirs of his body, with remainder, if he
should happen to die without issue of his body, to James Holman,
of Gonviile and Caius College, William Barron and Robert Drake,
of Cambridge, upon trust, that they should, out of the rents and
profits, within some convenient time, purchase a piece of ground
in some clean and convenient place, as to them should seem meet
for that purpose, within the bounds of the town of Cambridge,
and thereupon build ten almshouses of brick, with tile coverings,
every one of them containing one low room, with a chimney and
buttery, and one upper room with a chimney therein, for a lodg-
ing room; the same to be, from time to time, disposed of by his
trustees for the time being, or the major part of them, in manner
following ; viz. to four widows of ministers of the Church of Eng-
land, two widows and one maiden in the parish of Saint Giles»
and three maidens in the parish of the Holy Trinity, in the town

(1) Duplicate in the Exchequer.

(2) Mr. Story writes himself Gentleman in his will. In 1668 he is called bookseller (Cor-
poration Common Day Book, 13 Jan. 1668-9). James the Second nominated him an Alder-
man and Juiitice of the Peace, Avhich offices he gave up just before the Kovolution. (Vide
Vol. iii. p. 637.) Near the Avest end of Great St. Mary's Church is a mural tablet with these
arms : — Or, on a saltire sable, five cincjuefoils of the Held ; impaling- Argent, a raven proper :
and the subjoined inscription : " Near this Place lyetli the Body of Elizabetli Story, Who de-
" parted this Life ye 18th of Janry. \121. Here also was interrd Her Husband Ed'ward Story
" Gent, late of this Town, And" their Son Edward Storj- M.B, and Fellow of Magdalen
" Colledge."

(3) Dated 29th of January, 1692-3, and proved in the Archdeaconry Court of Ely.

(1) He graduated as M.B. 1709, and was fellow of Magdalene College; he died, without
issue, about 1710.

22 WILLIAM AND MARY. [^692-93

of Cambridge, every of which widows and maidens to be 40 years
of age at least, and of sober life and conversation ; and if any
of them should happen to be otherwise, his will was, that it should
be in the power of his trustees, or the major part of them, for
the time being, to displace any such of them, and to place others
in their rooms ; and further, that his said trustees, and the sur-
vivor of them, should pay and allow to each of his said alms-
people the yearly sura of £10. sterling, to be paid them out of
the rents and profits of his estate, by equal payments, at Lady
Day and Michaelmas ; and also, that his trustees should allow every
of them a gown of sad-coloured cloth, about the value of 20*. yearly,
at Christmas, and to each two pairs of shoes and a pair of stock-
ings at Christmas and Midsummer; and his will and meaning was
that the houses and buildings upon his estate and his almshouses
should be from time to time, sustained and kept in good and
sufficient reparations, and the overplus of the rents and profits of
his estate should be laid up and kept for a stock, to supply and
make good all casualties that might happen to or upon the same;
and he directed that, from time to time, when any of his trus-
tees should happen to die, so that there should be but two of
them remaining, the two surviving trustees should, in some con-
venient time, elect and nominate a new trustee, and make such
legal settlement of his estate upon themselves and such new elected
trustee, as by counsel should be advised, subject to the trusts afore-
said ; and that the executors or administrators of every trustee
dying should account with the survivors, and pay over such sums
of money, as he should happen to have received, remaining in his
hands at the time of his death. (i)

(1) Keports of Charity Commissioners, xxxi. 50 — 58.

The abiishouses mentioned in Captain Story's will were erected about the year 1729.
Those of the clergymen's widows were in Northampton street, and the others in a place
adjoining- called the Tan Yard. The number of almshouses has been increased by order of
the Court of Chancery to 15, viz. 6 for clergymen's MidoAvs, 4 for maidens of Trinity parish,
3 for widows of St. Giles's, and 2 for maidens of that parish. New almshouses have been
erected near Mount Pleasant, in St. Giles's parish. These were first occupied at Michael-
mas, 1844. In consequence of the improved value of the estates and property belonging to
this charity the allowances to the alrnswomen have been greatly augmented.

The following bequests and donations have been made to this charity : —

Peter Stephen Goddakd D.D., Master of Clare Hall, by will dated 23rd of September,
1781, bequeathed £3400. 3 per cent, consols, the annual dividends to be paid to the clergy-
men's widows. His estate proving insufficient to pay legacies in full, the charity received
only £426. 25. 9d.

Key. William Cole M.A. of Milton, by Avill dated 12th December, 1782, gave the residue
of the proceeds of certain property (after the death of his sister Jane Cole). The sum of
£193. 12s. was received from this bequest.

Rev. Robert Tyrwhitt M.A. fellow of Jesus College, and Thomas Loombe Esq., gave
£300. 4 per cent, consols, for the benefit of the almswomen of St. Giles and the Koly
Trinity.

An xVnonymous Benefactor, before 1819, gave £100. for augmenting the allowances
of the clervymen's widows.

William Lunn, who died about 1828, by will dated 30th November, 1821, gave £100.
for augmenting the allowances of the clergymen's widows.

1G93] WILLIAM AND MARY.

1693.

On Easter Day, the Communion plate belonging to Corpus Christi
College was stolen from the Chapel.(i)

The death of Sir Levinus Bennett Bart., of Babraham, occasioned
a vacancy in the representation of the County, to supply which
John Lord Cutts of Gowran in the kingdom of Ireland,(2) and Sir

(1) Masters (Hist of Corp. Christi Coll. 174) says, this robbery was during the Mastership
of Dr. Stanley, elected July 13th, 1693; but from the advertisement hereafter given, it ap-
pears to have been during the Mastership of Dr. Spencer. Dr. Stanley gave the College a
handsome service of silver gilt communion plate which had been presented to him by the
(iueen : —

" Stolen out of the Chapel of Corpus Christi College in Cambridge on Easter day, two large
" Silver Flagons with the arms of the said College upon them being two coats quarterly the
" first a Pelican in her nest with her Wings displayed feeding her young the second 3 Lillies:
" Three silver and gilt Cups two of them weighing together 43 ounces whereof one of them
" is chas'd and hath the Arms of the Archbishop of Canterbury and is marked M.P. and the
" other with a Cover has the Earl of Hutland's Arms upon it together with the College Arms.
" One of the Persons suspected is of amidle stature aged about 20 wears a black short Peri-
" wig and a full dark Coat with a Cape. The other is of a middle stature and well set aged
" about 40 darkish Haird and wears a close Grey Coat Avith a Cape and pretends to be dis-
" order'd in his mind. "Whoever gives notice of the said persons and plate so as they be
" secured to the Butler of the said CoUedge or to Mr. James Adamson Bookseller at the
" Angel and Crown in St. Paul's Church Yard London shall have 3 Guineas Reward." — ■
London Gazette, No. 2863, 17th to 20th April, 1693.

The following advertisements shew that other Colleges were robbed of plate in this and
succeeding years : —

" Lost on JMonday the 9th instant out of St. John's Colledge in Cambridge, several pieces
" of plate 5 silver Tankards viz. : one the Gift of Mr. John Browne with his arms engraven
" on it 4 others the Gifts of Mr. John Allport of Mr. Charles Downeing of Mr. Ellis Cooper
" and of Mr. Narcissus Luttcrell with their and the Colledge Arms on them, the Colledge
" Arms being those of England, also 8 Silver Forks all marked with B. and a Spoon with B.
" and 2 others with the Inscription " Ex dono B. anno 1687." Whoever can discover the
" said Plate shall have £10 or for a part proportionable giving notice to Mr. John Pepys
" Goldsmith next the Sessions House in the Old Baily." — London Gazette, No. 2915, 16th
to 19th Oct. 1693.

" Stolen out of Christ's College in Cambridge the 19th instant, 3 Silver Tankards 1 the
" Gift of Mr. Samuel Warner weighing 28 ounces ten penny Aveights, with his Name and
" a Coat of Arms. Another of the like weight of the Gift of Mr. Rawdon with his Name
" and Coat of Arms viz. a fess between 3 Pheons having on it likewise the College Arms
" which are France and England quarterly Avith a Border Gobony. The third Aveighing
" 18 ounces ten penny Aveight Avith a Coat of Arms viz. a Lion Rampant Avith 2 Dol-
" phins endorsed quarterly as also a Rose and Portcullis. Taken aAvay at the same time
" a Silver Tobacco Box with two Coats empal'd the first Barry of Eiglit a Bend charged
" Avith 3 Escallop Shells. The second in a chief 3 Pheons. Whoever discovers them to
" Mrs. Vernon at her Coffee House in BartholomcAv Lane behind the Exchange London
" or to the Porter of the said Colledge so that they may be had again shall have 5 Gui-
" neas reAvard or proportionable for any of them." — London Gazette No. 2986, 21st to 25th
June, 1694.

" On Thursday the 4th Instant a Chamber in Jesus Colledge in Cambridge was broke
" open and from thence Avas taken 3 Tankards one of them engraven Ex dono Johannis
" Wentworth (another) Ex dono Francisca FaAvks the other Ex dono Thomas Mickletbrick
" and a Tavo Eared Cup all Avhich had the College Arms upon them (viz.) a Fez betAveen 3
" Cocks Heads and a border of CroAvns. Whoever gives notice of the said Plate so as it
" may be had again to Mr. Thomas Hussey Haberdasher of Hats in Fleet Street, or to Mr,
" Alexander Norfolk Butler of the said College shall have £5 rcAvard, or proportionably for
" any part." — London Gazette, No. 3191, 8th to 11th June, 1696.

(2) " John Lord Cuts Avas a Cambridgeshire Gentleman of a pretty good Fortune; Avhich
" Avas unhappily squandred for the most part aAvay in a short time ; Avhich, as I have been
" inform'd, put him under a kind of Necessity of imdcrtaking a Military Life, tho' tis pro-
" bable his Genius might likeAvise very much incline him to it: And "there being at that
" time no War on foot in Europe, but that Avliich Commenc'd between tlie late JEmporor
" Leopold ancl Sultan Mahomet IV. in 1683, Mr. Cats Avent a Voluntier among many other
" Gentlemen into Hungary, and having distinguish'd his Valour to a very eminent degree
"at the Siege of Buda; he Avas some time after made Adjutant General to the Duke of
"• Lorain, that being the first Commission he ever had.

" Mr. Cuts some time after this, and possibly foreseeing something of RcA-olution like to
" fall out in his Native Country, left the Imperial Service, and retir'd to the Court of tho
" Prince of Orange at the Hague, had a Command given by tliat Prince in one of the Eng-
" lish Regiments in tlie Service of the States, and in 1688 came over Lieutenant Colonel in

24 WILLIAM AND MARY. [1693-94

- Rushout Cullen Bart., of Islebam, offered themselves as candidates.
Lord Cutts polled 928 votes, and Sir R. Cullen 921. The latter
petitioned against the return and was declared entitled to the seat
by the Committee, but this decision was overruled by the House
at large.(i)
1093^ An act granting their Majesties an aid of 4^. in the pound re-
j ceived the royal assent on the 25th of January. It contains a
proviso exempting the Colleges and the Readers and officers of the
Universities.(2)

The ale-house licenses issued by tbe Vicechancellor at this pe-
riod were in tbe form of that subjoined: —

To ALL Christian People to whom these presents shall come to be read,
William Stanley Doctor of Divinity and Vice Chancellor of this University of
Cambridge sendeth greeting. Know ye that I the said Vice Chancellor have
admitted and allowed Yv^illiam Bertram of Cambridge in the County of Cam-
bridge Stationer to keep a Common Alehouse or Tipphng-house within the
Town of Cambridge aforesaid, having before taken Bond of- him Will. Bertram
by recognizance in the sum ' of Ten Pounds of good and lawful money of
England and of William Cole of Cambridge in the County of Cambridge Cord-

" one of them with his Highness, to vindicate the Keligion and Liberties of England from
" Popery and Arbitrary Power.

" Mr. Cuts upon that Prince's assuming the Crown of England, began to make a consider-
" able Figure, became soon Colonel, and was several times chosen a Member of Parliament
" for the County of Cambridge, and upon his Marriage with a Lady of Fortune and Merit,
" King William was pleas'd to dignifie him with an Irish Peerage, by the Title of Lord Cuts,
" Baron of Gowran.

" In the Wars of Ireland, this Lord signaliz'd himself very much, and receiv'd some dan-
" gerous Wounds, of which however he recover'd, and advancing still in Military Degrees,
" upon the Death of Sir Kobert Holmes, in or about 1693, the King in preference to many
" other deserving Pretenders, was pleas'd to confer the profitable Government of the Isle of
" Wight upon him : My Lord Cuts had his share in the unhappy Expedition to Camaret
" Bay, in 1694, where we endeavour'd to make a Descent, and where Lieutenant General
" Talmash, who Commanded there in the chief, Avas mortally Wounded : It's certain, if they
" had prosecuted the Regular Landing which the Lord Cuts proposed, they would, in ail
" probability, have succeeded. However, the Death of General Talmash made way for
" my Lord Cuts to come to be Colonel of the Second Regiment of Foot Guards.

" His Lordship during the remainder of the War, behav'd himself with distinguishing
" Bravery, and more especially the next year, at the famous Siege of Naraur, where he Com-
" manded at the great and last great Attack against the Castle, and tho' Wounded, after
" being drest, return'd to his Post again, and made a Lodgment. His Majesty King William
" ever shew'd a very great Esteem for his Lordship, and advancing him more and more in
" Dignities of Command, he appointed him and Mr. Charles Churchil, in 1701 to Command
" his Troops in the Netherlands, that were to assist the Dutch against any attempts the
" French might make upon them from Spanish Flanders now in their Possession. When
" the present War broke out in 1703, he was continued in his Command of Lieutenant Gene-
" ral : He Besieged Venlo, and having made very prudent Dispositions for the Attack of
" Fort St. Michael, he and his Troops under his Command ; never shew'd more Bravery than
'• in possessing this Place, upon which the Towai soon surrender'd. My Lord Cuts had a
" large share in the Success and Glory of the Day at Hochstet in 1705. In the Year follow-
" ing he was made General of the Forces in Ireland, Constituted one of the Lords Justices of
" that Kingdom and General of the Forces, in the room of the Duke of Ormond the Lord
" Lieutenant, and dy'd in February this Year, possessed of both those honourable Posts,
" being highly esteem'd for his Valour, Affability and Generosity. He was justly reputed
" to be one of the most daring Commanders of the Age, and however some have pretended
" to derogate from his Conduct, and to charge him with Rashness ; they will find it difficult
" to produce one single Instance of it. He was indeed a Polite Gentleman, a Scholar and
" a Friend to the Muses, and there are some Fragments of his Poetical Fancy extant, which
" discover the Excellency of his Genius that way." — Complcat Hist, of Europe for the year
1707, p. 455.

(1) Commons' Journals, xi. 27, 46, 84, 90, 91, 92, 93.

(2) Stat. 5 Gul. & Mar. c. 1.

1094] WILLIAM AND MARY g^

wainor and of RichaTcl Shilborn of the same Town and County Sureties of the
said William Bertram in several sums of Five Pounds a piece of the like good
and lawful money of England in the name of our Sovereign Lord and Lady
K. William and Q. Mary for the due observation of all and singular the
Statutes and Acts of Parliament in that behalf heretofore made and provided
for the good ordering of Common Alehouses and also for the observing and
keeping the clauses and Articles hereunder written. In witness whereof I
have unto these presents set my seal of office to continue during the good
Will and pleasure of me and my Successor. Given at Cambridge the twenty
sixth day of January in the year of our Lord 1693.

Will. Stanley, Vice Chan. (L. S.)

1. That you sufl'er no Scholars nor Neighbour's Children nor Servants nor
any dwelling in your Parish to tipple in your House,

2. That you suffer none to tipple in your House on the Sunday Holidays
or Thanksgiving days in the time of Sermon or Service or at any time after
nine of the Clock at night.

3. That you suffer no carding dicing or other gaming in your House.

4. That if any vagabonds or suspicious persons come to your house youe
shall acquaint the officers therewith and so shall ye likewise do if any goods
be offered in your House to be sold by any.

5. That you suffer no Drunkenness nor dissolute disorder in your House and
if any happen to be to acquaint the Constable of your Town and Parish with
it that the offender may be punished.

6. That you draw your Beer by ale Quart or Pint and not by Jugs nor Cups.

7. That you shall not brew in your House either Ale or beer but take your
Beer from the Brewer only at the prices allowed and to be allowed by the Vice
Chancellor for the time being and at no other.(l)

1694.

By the Stamp Act which received the royal assent on the 25th of
April, the following duties were imposed, " For every skin or piece
" of vellum or parchment, or sheet or piece of paper, upon which
" any Register, Entry, Testimonial, or Certificate of any Degree
" taken in either of the Two Universities, shall be engrossed or
" WTitten, the sum of Forty Shillings." " For every skin or piece
" of vellum or parchment, and for every sheet or piece of paper,
" upon which any Matriculation in either of The Two Universities,
^' shall be engrossed or written the sum of One Shilling. "(2)

Twenty of the fellows of St. John's College neglected to take
the newly appointed oaths.(3) Whereupon the Court of King's Bench
issued a mandamus to Dr. Humphrey Gower the Master, and the
fellows and scholars to amove such persons from their fellowships.
To this writ was returned the statute of 25 Edw. III. c. 1, by

(1) Originalin University Registry. From a marginal note it appears Bertram's house
ias in St. Edward's, The sign is not mentioned.

(2) Stat. 5 & 6 Gul. & Mar. c. 21.

(3) Vide ante, p. 4.

VOL. IV. D

g6 WILLIAM AND MARY. [1694

■which it was enacted that none shall be put out of his freehold un-
less he be duly brought in to answer and be forejudged by course
of law, likewise the statute of 28 Edw. III. c. 3, that no man shall
be put out of his lands or tenements without being brought to an-
swer by due process of law, that the twenty persons mentioned in
the writ were in the first year of William and Mary sworn fellows
of the College, and were seized of a freehold in their fellowships,
and that since the making of the statute,(i) they were not brought
to any trial. It was further returned that it in no way appeared
that the persons in question had not taken the oaths, and also that
the College was founded by Margaret Countess of Richmond, that
the Bishop of Ely for the time being was by the laws of the foun-
dress appointed visitor, and that by particular statutes of the College
it was provided that for great crimes the Master by the consent of
the senior fellows upon examination and inquiry may proceed to an
expulsion and that they cannot expel for any other cause. Several
objections were taken to the writ and return in the Court of King's
Bench, in Michaelmas Term, 1693, and in Trinity Term this year,
when the Court refused to award a peremptory mandamus princi-
pally on the ground that the fellows who were ordered to be amoved
ought to have been made parties.(2)

This year, Felix Calvert Esq. of Childerley, Sir Christopher Hat-
ton of Longstanton Bart., Philip Cotton of Conington Esq., Ed-
ward Pickering of Swavesey Esq., the societies of Queens' College
Corpus Christi College, Catharine Hall, and King's College, and
other proprietors of pontage lands, were indicted at the assizes
for not repairing the Great Bridge.(3)

At this time, was living in Barbican, London, at an advanced age,
Richard Franck. He was born at Cambridge, in the reign of James
the first. Whether he had the advantage of an academical education
seems doubtful. About the beginning of the civil war he left Cam-
bridge and went to reside in London. He afterwards served in the
Parliament Army, in which he seems to have obtained the rank of
captain. About 1656, he took a journey into Scotland. He entered
that country by Dumfries and Sanquhar, traversed Ayrshire, came
to Glasgow by Kilmarnock, visited Lochlomond and its romantic
environs, went from thence to Crieff by Stirling, and from Crieff
returned southward to Perth, whence he descended Strathmore
by Meigle, Forfar and Brechin, and thence journeyed northward

(1) Vide ante, p. 4.

(2) Modern Reports, iv. 233; Skinner's Reports, 549; Coniberbach's Reports, 282.

(3) Pontage Book, 105, 106, 108, 144.

IG94] WILLIAM AND MARY. g7

by Fettcrcairn, Cairniemount, and Kincardine O'Neall to Loch Ness.
From Inverness he proceeded to Sutherland and visited Dunrobin,
and the small town of Tain in Ross-shire ; he also visited Cromarty,
came by Castle Gordon, Aberdeen, and the coast-road which tra-
verses Stonehaven, Montrose, Dundee, and Bruntisland to Edinburgh,
whence he returned by way of Dunbar and Berwick to Nottingham,
where he seems to have been residing. At or soon after the Resto-
ration he appears to have gone to America. In 1687, he published
at London, " A Philosophical Treatise of the Original and Produc-
tion of Things. Writ in America in a Time of Solitude." This
work is also called " Rabbi Moses or a Philosophical, &c." In 1694,
he published " Northern Memoirs, Calculated for the Meridian of
*' Scotland. Wherein most or all of the Cities, Citadels, Sea-ports,
" Castles, Forts, Fortresses, Rivers, and Rivulets, are compendiously
" described. Together with choice Collections of various Discoveries,
" Remarkable Observations, Theological Notions, Political Axioms, Na-
** tional Intrigues, Polemick Inferences, Contemplations, Speculations,
" and several curious and industrious Inspections, lineally drawn from
" Antiquaries, and other noted and intelligible Persons of Honour
" and Eminency. To which is added The Contemplative and Practical
" Angler, by way of Diversion. With a Narrative of that dextrous
♦' and mysterious Art experimented in England, and perfected in
" more remote and solitary Parts of Scotland. By way of Dialogue.(i)

(1) The following panegyric on Scotland is a favourable specimen of the author's style:
— " Scotland is not Europe's umbra, as fictitiously imagined by some extravagant wits :
*' No, it's rather a legible fair draught of the beautiful creation, drest up with polish'd
*' rocks, pleasant savanas, flourishing dales, deep and torpid lakes, with shady fir-wooda,
" immerg'd with rivers and gliding rivulets ; where every fountain o^reflows a valley, and
" every ford superabounds with fish. Where also the swelling mountains are covered
" with sheep, and the marish grounds strewed with cattle, whilst every field is fiU'd with
" corn, and every swamp swarms with fowl. This, in my opinion, proclaims a plenty,
" and presents Scotland, a kingdom of prodigies and products too, to allure foreigners,
" and entertain travellers."

Captain Franck tells us that he " lived in the reign of five kings, and in the time of
four great worthies." The " four great worthies," were Oliver Cromwell, the Lord
Kussell, Algernon Sidney, and Alderman Cornish. His panegyrics on th«m are sub-
joined : —

Oliver Cromwell.

" That great English Hero was exemplary in piety, eminent in policy, prudent in con-
" duct, magnanimous in courage, indefatigable in vigilancy, industriously laborious in
" watchings, heroick in enterprize, constant in res-olution, successful in war; one that
" never wanted a presence of mind in the greatest difficulties ; all the world owns him
" for a great general, that influenced all Europe, gave laws to all neighbouring nations,
" and disciplined France with English arms."

Lord Kussell.

" That great man of worth and honour, was truly vertuous ; the patriot of his country,
" and the glory of the court, beloved of the people, and a lover of piety ; who left lega-
" cies of love to the surviving natives, when he sealed his death with noble English
" blood."

Algernon Sidney.

" That great soul was too great for the world, whose life in a manner Mas a continued
" death, signified by those trophies of war he carried about him. He died but to teach
" his country-men the easy methods of honourable dying, to the astonishment of mankind,
" and foreign ambassadors."

Alderman Cornish.

" That brave and worthy citizen, to his eternal praise, scaled London's Magna Charta
" with a Christian exit, and a voice from heaven."

!694

^g WILLIAM THE THIRD. [1694-95

" Writ in the Year 1658,(1) but not till now made publick, By
" Richard Franck, Philanthropus. Plures necat Gula quam Gla-
" dius."(2)

} Shortly after the death of Queen Mary (which occurred at Ken-
sington on the 28th of December,) the University published a col-
lection of verses entitled " Lacrymee Cantabrigienses in obitum se-
renissimae Reginse Marias. "(3) Amongst the authors are Dr. Thomas
Browne Vicechancellor, Lord North and Gray of Magdalene College,
John Montagu Master of Trinity College, Joseph Beaumont Master
of Peterhouse, John Covel Master of Christ's College, Dr. Thomas
Smoult of St. John's College, Joshua Barnes of Emmanuel College,
Francis Hare of King's College afterwards Bishop of Chichester,
Anthony Collins of King's College, Thomas Sherlock of Catharine
Hall afterwards Bishop of London, Anthony Blackwell of Emmanuel
College, William Shippen of Trinity College, and John Leng of
Catharine Hall afterwards Bishop of Norwich.

On the 5th of February,(4) the Corporation seal was affixed to
the subjoined Address of Condolence, which bears date the 2nd of
February : — >

To THE King's most excellent Majesty.
Most Gracious and dread Sovereign.

We the Mayor, High Steward, Recorder, Aldermen, and Burgesses of yout
Majesties Town of Cambridge, being deeply sensible of the heavy calamity
which hath lately befallen both your Majesty and these kingdoms by the death
of your royal Consort our most gracious Queen, Do sincerely express our great
sorrow for the loss of so incomparable a princess whose memory will be pre-
cious to all posterity. And further we humbly beg leave to assure your Ma-
jesty that we will to the utmost of our powers assist your royal person and
maintain your government against all your enemies both at home and abroad,
and upon all occasions be ready to shew all possible demonstrations of service

The " astonishment of mankind and foreign ambassadors" in the panegyric on Sidney
is a curious instance of bathos.

In another place he alludes to " six great patriots of the English nation." Of these
" there Avere four great Harries, (viz.) Ireton, Vane, Nevill and Martin, and one marvel-
" lous Andrew, or Andrew Marvel." The sixth was " Enghand's great general, the most
" renowned, valorous, and victorious conqueror, Oliver Cromwel."

Captain Franck " seems to have entertained peculiar and mystical notions in theology,
"yet in general, expresses himself as a good Christian and well-meaning man. His
" praise of Montrose and others, opposed to his own party, is, to say the least, liberal
" and candid; and his view of Scotland, under so many circumstances of national dis-
" couragement, and affording, doubtless, most exquisite reasons for the censure which
" the travellers occasionally cast upon the sluttishness of the cookery, and the inferiority
" of accommodation which they met with, indicates much good-humoured liberality."—
Sir Walter Scott.

(1) "But certainly not drawn out at length till 1685 ; so that the author's reflections often
" relate to events which took place long after the term of his own journey." — Scott.

(2) "London, Printed for the Author. To be sold by Henry Mortclock, at the Phenix, in
St. Paul's Church-yard. 1G94." A new edition with a preface and notes by Sir Walter
Scott was published at Edinburgh, 1821, 8vo.

(3) " CantabrigicE Ex Officina Johau. Hayes celeberriniffi Atademia; Typographi 1694-5."
4to.

(4) Corporation Common Day Book.

169^-95] WILLIAM THE THIRD. g9

and duty as becomes the best of loyal subjects. Given under our Common
Seal with free and unanimous consent this 2nd day of February in the 6th year
of your Majesty's most gracious reign,(l)

This address was presented to the King at Kensington, on the
7th of February, by the members for the Town, the Mayor and
some of the aldermen and burgesses,(2) the charges of whose jour-
ney to London amounted to £27. 195.(3)

On the 11th of February, the royal assent was given to an act
granting the King an aid of 45. in the pound. The Commissioners
for the University and Town were the Vicechancellor and Mayor for
the time being, Hon. John Mountague D.D., Hon. Edward Finch,
Hon. Henry Boyle Esq., Sir Thomas Chicheley Knt., Sir John Cot-
ton, Bart., Granado Pigott Esq., Joseph Beaumont, Humphrey Gower,
Thomas Smolt, John Baldcrston, John Covell, Thomas Bainbridgc,
Doctors of Divinity; Charles Roderick, George Oxenden, William
Cooke, Doctors of the Civil Law ; Tanfield Leman Esq., Samuel New-
ton, Thomas Ewen, Thomas Fox, Thomas Foules, Isaac Watlington,
John Pepys, Aldermen; James Johnson, Isaac Newton, William Worts,
and Samuel Pern, Esquires ; Dr. Greene, Gerrade Herring, Robert
Drake senr., and William Baron, gentlemen. The sites of the Col-
leges and Halls, the stipends of the Masters, fellows, and scholars,
and of the readers, officers and ministers of the University were
exempted from charge, as was the charity settled by Tobias Rustat
then lately deceased upon the Master fellows and scholars of Jesus
College in Cambridge in trust for six poor clergymen's widows. (4)

On the 14th of February, there was presented to the King at
Kensington a most dutiful and loyal address from the Chancellor and
Senate of the University, condoling the death of the Queen, whom
they term "that incomparable Patroness of Religion and Learning,"
" and begging leave under the strictest obligations of Duty and Grati-
" tude to give his Majesty the utmost assurance of their unalter-
" able Loyalty to His Majesty and sincere affection to his Govern-
" ment and praying Almighty God to bless his Majesty with a
" long life and prosperous reign for the defence of His Church
" the Honour and Welfare of this Kingdom and the publick benefit
" of the Christian World." This address was presented by the Duke
of Somerset Chancellor, accompanied by the Archbishop of Canter-
bury and the Bishops of Ely, Norwich, Peterborough, Cliichester,

(1) Corporation Coucher.

(2) London Gazette, No. 3052.

(3) Corporation Common Day Book. 8 Oct. ICOrv

(4) Stat. 6 & 7 Gul & Mar. c'. 3.

so WILLIAM THE THIRD. [1695

St. Asaph, and Liucoln elect, and several of the Heads of Colleges.
His Majesty returned a most gracious auswer.(i)

1695.

This year, an unsuccessful attempt was made to establish a public
physic garden.(2)

On the 22d of April, the royal assent was given to an act im-
posing duties on marriages, births, and burials, and upon bachelors
and widowers. It contains this clause : —

And whereas the Fellows Students Scholars and Exhibitioners of the
Foundations or Endowments of any College or Hall in the Two Universities
are by the Statutes in their respective Colleges and Halls to bee displaced
from their Places and maintenance therein if they shall marry bee it enacted
by the authority aforesaid That the rates and taxes by this Act imposed or to
bee imposed on Batchelors shall not extend to such Fellows Students or Scho-
lars of Houses or Scholars having Exhibitions in any such Colleges or Halls
any thing herein contained to the contrary notwithstanding.(3)

By another act, which received the royal assent at the same time,
it was declared that the stamp duty of 405. laid upon the register
or entry of any degree in any of the two Universities,(4) should
not extend to charge with that duty the register or entry of
any Bachelor of Arts, who was thereby exempted from the pay-
ment thereof.(5)

On the 16th of May, Ralph Thoresby the Leeds antiquary was

at Cambridge. An extract from his diary is subjoined:—

Morning, rose early, rode with the good company, per Godmanchester, to
the deservedly famous University of Cambridge, where we enjoyed our late Vicar,
the learned and obliging Mr. Milner's, good company, who showed us the deli-
cate walks, &c. of St. John's College ; but was yet more pleased with the
curious library, where are some valuable manuscript Hebrew Bibles, delicately
writ, and other old gilt ones, a book in the Chinese character, the Greek Tes-
tament used by King Charles I. and a serious book, richly embroidered by
Queen Elizabeth • the pictures of the excellent Archbishops Grindal and Wil-
liams, Sir Robert Hare, noted benefactors, and Mr. Bendlows, who bestowed
several curiosities ; variety of natural marbles so delicately placed and inlaid as
make curious prospects ; we saw there also a little chameleon, &c. After din-
ner we viewed the Public Schools and Library, where I took chief notice of the
manuscripts, Beza's Greek Testament, a Turkish Herbal, and the Autographs
of King James I., and Sir Robert Naunton's, before his works when presented
to the University, and the Lord Bacon's before his. There was also an im-
perfect collection of Greek and Roman coins, some very choice, others as mean,
.and all haud-over-he.ad : observed also the Egyptian bark, with the Coptic cha-

(1) London Gazette, No. 305i.

(2) MS. Baker, xlii. 138 b.

(3) Stat. G & 7 Gill. & Mar. c. 6, s. 48.
(1) Vide ante, p. 25.

(5) Stat. (5 & 7 Gul. & Mar. c. 12.

1695-96] WILLIAM THE THIRD. 31

racters, (of which I have some). We had not time to view the Library at
King's College Chapel, but admired the fabric, which would have been, per-
haps, one of the most noble things in the world if the designed college had
been proportionable ; then it might well have been Stupor mundi, as a foreign
ambassador styled Trinity College, which we also viewed, with the delicate
fountain lately erected, and the stately library, which is the noblest case of any,
but not yet furnished. We were straitened in time, but enjoyed also the in-
genious Dr. Archer's company, till we took horse, for we after rode by Ful-
mire and Barlow to Barkway, where we lodged at old Pharaoh's. (1)

On the 19th of October, the Corporation made the following

order : —

It is this day agreed & obdered. That all the Common Councelmcn
& other Burgesses of this Towne be ready at the Towne hall on Monday morn-
ing next by eight of the clock, to attend the Mayor & Aldermen to meet his
Majesty if he comes to Cambridge.(2)

On Sunday the 20th of October, the Vicechancellor and princi-
pal members of the University waited on the King at Newmarket.
The Vicechancellor made a short congratulatory speech upon his
Majesty's success abroad and his safe return. The King in an-
swer assured him of his royal favour and protection. After which
they all kissed his Majesty's hand.(3)
1695 "j Alehouse licenses were granted this year by Dr. John Eachard
— [vicechancellor, with his assistant William Cook LL.D., one of his
^ Majesty's Justices of the Peace for the University and Town.(4)

On the 13th of February, the royal assent was given to an act
granting an aid of 4*. in the pound for carrying on the war against
France.(5) The sites of the Colleges and the stipends of the Mas-
ters, fellows, and scholars, and of the readers, officers, and minis-
ters of the Colleges and Universities, were exempted from this
aid.(6)

On the 19th of February, there was a contested election for the
office of Public Orator. The candidates were William Ayloife M.A.,

(1) Thoresby's Diary, i. 293.

(2) Corporation Common Day Book.

(3) London Gazette, No. 3125.

(4) Original license to Edward Noble of All Saints, dated 12 Feb. 1C95, in University
Registry.

(5) Commissioners " For the University and Towne op Cambridge.

" The Vice-Chancellor for the time being. The Mayor for the time being. The Honorable
'• John Mountague Doctor of Divinity, Tlie Honorable Heniy Boyle Esq., Sir Thomas
" Chichely Knight, Sir John Cotton Baronett, Granado Pigott Esquire, Joseph Beaumont,
" Humphrey Gower, Thomas Smoult, John Balderston, John Coh ill, Samuel Blithe, Thomas
" Bainbrig, Miles Barne, James Johnson, Charles Roderick, Doctors in Divinity; William
" Cooke, George Oxenden, Richard Berry, Doctors of Law; John Pepys, Isaac Watlington,
" Tanfield Leman, Robert Drake junior. Esquires ; Samuel Newton, Thomas Ewen, Thomas
" Fox, Thomas Fowle Aldermen; Isaac Newton Master of Arts, Christopher Green Doctor
" of Physick, William Worts, John Perne, Hugh Martin Esquires ; Robert Drake senior,
•• William Baron, Gerrard Herring, Gentlemen."

(6) Stat. 7 & 8 Gul. III. c. 5.

S2 WILLIAM THE THIRD. [1695-96

fellow of Trinity College, who bad 95 votes, and Robert Moss(i)
M.A., fellow of Corpus Christi College (afterwards Dean of Ely),
who had 91 votes.C^)

On the 19th of February, John Clarke M.A. fellow of Gonville
and Caius College, was degraded and deprived of his licence as one
of the University Preachers, for stealing books out of the Public
Library .(3)

The association to support the King against the late King James
and his adherents was signed by Lord Cutts,(4) and Admiral Edward
Russell(f') members for the County, Dr. George Oxcnden and the
Hon. Henry Boyle members for the University, and John Pepys(6)
and Isaac Watlington members for the Town.(~)

On the 12th of March, the Corporation agreed to the following
address and association: —

To THE KlXG'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY.

Most Gracious Sovereign,
We your Majesty's loyal and most dutiful subjects, the Mayor, Aldermen,
Bailiffs, ToAvn-Clerk, Common Council, Burgesses, and other inhabitants of the
Town of Cambridge, in the County of Cambridge, Do most heartily congratu-
late your Majesties happy preservation from that horrid and detestable con-
spiracy formed and carried on by papists and other wicked and traiterous
persons for assassinating your Majesties most sacred and royal person, in order
to encourage an invasion from France to subvert our religion, laws, and
liberties. We whose names are hereunto subscribed, do not only thankfully
acknowledge the signal Providence of God in discovering their most wicked
intentions, and declare our detestation and abhorrence of so villainous and
barbarous a design ; but also do heartily, sincerely, and solemnly profess,
testify, and declare, that your present Majesty King William the Third is
rightfull and lawful King of these Realms. And we do mutually promise
and engage to stand by and assist each other to the utmost of our power in
the support and defence of your Majesty's most sacred person and govern-
ment, against the late King James and all his adherents. And in case your
Majesty come to any violent or untimely death (which God forbid) we do
hereby further freely and unanimously oblige ourselves to unite associate and
stand by each other in revenging the same upon your enemies and all their ad-
herents, and in supporting and defending the succession of the Crown accord-
ing to an Act made in the first year of the reign of King William and Queen
Mary, intituled an Act for declaring the rights and liberties of the subject
and settling the succession of the cro^vn.(8)

(1) It is said that Dr. Moss lost the office because the three bedels (Avhom he had oflTended
by his speech as Prsevaricator in 1691) voted against him. — Stevenson's Supplement to Bcn-
tham's Ely, 122.

(2) Aid. Newton's Diary.

(3) MS. Baker, xlii. 137 b.

(4) Elected also for Newport Isle of Wight, but made his election for Cambridgeshire.

(5) Elected also for Middlesex and Portsmouth, but made his election for Cambridge-
shire.

(6) New writ ordered on his death, 20th October, 1C9G, and on tlie Gth November, Sir John
Cotton Bart, was elected.

(7) Commons' Journals, xi. 470.

(8) Corporation Coucher.

1696] WILLIAM THE THIRD. 33

This Address was signed by the Mayor, aldermen, bailiffs, town
clerk, common councilmen, burgesses and other inhabitants present
at the Common Day, and was ordered to be taken to such of the
inhabitants as were absent to be signed by them. It was sent for
presentation (1) to the Duke of Bedford the Recorder.(2)
The Mayor made the subjoined charges in his account: —

£. s. d.

For carrying the Association to London 0 2 6

Tor two yards of ribbon to ty it up 0 0 G

For wine when the Association was signed & upon the

Thanksgiving Day to Mr. Worts 4 9 10

To Mr. Rumbold for wine at the same time 2 10 0(3)

1696.

In consequence of doubts as to the validity of licenses of mort-
main in the form which had been for many years adopted,(4) the
following act of Parliament, designed principally to encourage the
foundation of Colleges and Schools and the augmentation of the
revenues of existing institutions of that nature, was passed this
year. The royal assent was given on the 27th of April : —

An Act for the Encouragement of Charitable Gifts and Dispositions.

Whereas it would be a great hinderance to Learning and other good and
charitable Works if persons well inclined may not be permitted to found Col-
leges or Schools for Encouragement of Learning or to augment the Revenues of
Colleges or Schools already founded by granting Lands Tenements Rents or other
Hereditaments to such Colleges or Schools or to grant Lands or other Here-
ditaments to other Bodies Politick or Incorporated now in being or hereafter
to be incorporated for other good and publick uses Be it therefore enacted
by the King's most Excellent Majesty by and with the Advice and Consent of
the Lords Spiritual and Temporal & Commons in this present Parliament as-
sembled and by the Authority of the same That it shall and may be lawfuU
to and for the King our most gracious Sovereigne Lord and for His Heires
and Successors when and as often and in such cases as His Majesty His
Heires or Successors shall think fitt to grant to any Person or Persons Bodies
Politick or Corporate their Heires and Successors Licence to aliene in Mort-
maine and also to purchas acquire take and hold in Mortmaine in Perpetuity
or otherwise any Lands Tenements Rents or Hereditaments whatsoever of whom-
soever the same shall be holdcn.

And it is hereby declared That Lands Tenements Rents or Heredita-
ments so aliened or acquired and licensed shall not be subject to any Forfei-
ture for or by reason of such Alienation or Acquisition. (5)

On the 25th of June, the Corporation made an order that all
those Aldermen who had borne or thereafter should bear the

(1) Presented at Kensington Palace, 29th March, 1696:— London Gazette, No, 3170.

(2) Corporation Common Day Book. Georg-e Skinner one of the common councihncn was
deprived of liis office " for want of signing the Association."

(3) Corporation Common Day Book, 11 June, 1696.

(4) Stephen, New Commentaries of tlie Laws of Engiand, i. 427.

(5) Stat. 7&8Gul. III. c.37.

VOL. IV. E

g4 WILLIAM THE THIRD. [1696

office of Mayor a second time should have precedency in all places
of all those Aldermen who had but once borne that office,(i) ex-
cept such of the Aldermen as then were or thereafter should be
elected members to serve the Corporation in Parliament. A penalty
of 20s. was imposed for every breach of this order, and any Mayor
who should propose its repeal without the knowledge and consent
of the major part of the Aldermen was to forfeit £30.(2)

The following orders respecting the Public Library were made by
the Vicechancellor and Heads on the 30th of October : —

Our University Library having lately been notoriously and incredibly abused ;
At a meeting of ye Vicechancellor and Heads it was then agreed (besides
taking ye oath) that these following orders be observed by all those who have
occasion to borrow any Books out of y^ Publick Library.

1. That no Booke be taken out of ye Library without leave being first given
by the Vicechancellor or his Deputy; and ye time entered when 'tis borrowed
in a Booke provided for that Purpose.

2. That no Booke be taken out, but such as cannot be easily borrowed of
some Friend or out of their owne Coll. Library.

3. That not above one Booke be borrowed at a time by ye same Person: If
more, to make up of some Friend to take it out in his owne name.

4. Not to borrow any Booke for above ye space of a Month : if for a longer
Time, leave to be renewed of ye Vicechancellor for another Month.

5. Within which time, if ye Borrower forgetts or neglects to send or bring
home ye Booke; He is not to take it amiss if ye under Library Keeper calls
for it, and expects somewhat for his paines.

Oct. 30, 1696.(3)

This year, the University Press was renovated principally through
the exertions and agency of Dr. Richard Bentley afterwards Master
of Trinity College. New buildings were erected and new presses and
new types obtained by a public subscription aided by a sum of £1000.
which the Senate borrowed for the purpose.(4)

A suit having been instituted in the Vicechancellor's Court against
one Price for keeping a tavern, he, in Michaelmas Term, applied to
the Court of King's Bench for a prohibition, which was granted on
the ground that the University Court had no jurisdiction to enter-
tain a suit for a penalty imposed by act of Parliament. An attempt
was subsequently made to get rid of the prohibition, but it does not
appear to have been successful 5)

(1) By the Bye-Laws of 1686, the Aldermen Avho had borne the office of Mayor were to
have precedency in all places according to the antiquity of their first being Mayors.

(2) Corporation Common Day Book.

(3) Cambridge Portfolio, 444.

(4) Monk, Life of Bentley, i. 73, 74, 153—156.

(5) " The University of Cambridge and Price." Skinner's Reports, 665. This seems to
be the same case as that reported in Salkeld's Reports, ii. 450, 671, and Modern Reports, xii.
165, as " Hinton versus Hern," which is stated by Salkeld in tlie first instance to be a Cam-
bridge case, and is afterwards spoken of by him as relating to the University of Oxford.

97)

1696-97] WILLIAM THE THIRD. 35

1606\ ^^ ^^^^ ^•^'^^ ^^ Jamiary,(i) the Corporation seal was affixed to the
J^ subjoined petition : —

To the Honourable the Commons of England Assembled in Parliament.
The humble Petition of the Mayor, Aldermen, Common Council,

and Burgesses of the Town and Borough of Cambridge.
Sheaveth,
That the inhabitants of the said Town and Borough and the parts adjacent
have at all times heretofore been well served and supplied with coals, fish, salt,
and all sorts of foreign merchandize, from the port of King L)Tin in Norfolk,
at reasonable rates, by means of the rivers of Great Ouze and Grant, being
great and navigable streams in which barges, boats, and vessels of great
burden with such goods and merchandize heretofore have had their constant,
free, and easy passage, to the mutual advancement of trade and commerce,
and particular benefit of your petitioners and the neighbouring countries.

That by a sluice and dam erected by the adventurers for draining Bed-
ford Level cross the said river of Great Ouze at Denver, the navigation in
the said river is manifestly prejudiced and impaired not only by stops and
delays in passing through the said sluice contrary to the laws and statutes
of this realm, but also for that the said river of Great Ouze, from the said
sluice to sea is much grown up, so as smaller boats and vessels cannot pass
therein without great difficulties, delays, and danger and excessive charges,
and the said navigation is very likely to be suddenly and irrecoverably lost.
They therefore humbly pray

That the said obstructions may be removed and the navigation, trade,
and commerce between the said port and Cambridge may be restored and
preserved, by such means as to your great Avisdom shall seem most meet.
And your Petitioners shall ever pray &c.{2)

This petition was presented to the House of Commons on the
25th of January, when was also presented a petition from the Chan-
cellor masters and scholars of the University, setting forth that the
navigation from the town of King's Lynn to the University was of
such importance that they could not reasonably subsist without it,
that several laws had been made for its preservation, but that the
petitioners were under great apprehensions of losing the benefit of
the said navigation, which mischief was solely imputed to the works
of the Bedford Level, and praying that they might be freed from the
great inconveniences they apprehended themselves liable unto. Both
petitions were ordered to lie on the table until the second reading
of the bill for the better preservation of the port of King's Lynn.(3)

On the 28th of January, the Corporation resolved that a letter
should be sent to the Duke of Bedford (Recorder of the Town and
Governor of the Bedford Level), in answer to a letter from him, to
acquaint his Grace that the sentiments of the Corporation were that

(1) Corporation Commou Day Hook.

(2) Corporation Coucher.

(3) Commons' .Tnurn;ds, xi. 672.

SQ WILLIAM THE THIRD. [16&7

the navigation of the Town was obstructed by the sluice at Denver
Dam.(i)

On the 29th of January, the royal assent was given to an act
granting an aid to the King, as well by a land tax as by several
subsidies and other duties payable for one year. The sites of the
Colleges and Halls in the Universities, the stipends of the Masters
fellows and scholars, and of the readers officers and ministers of the
Universities were exempted from charge.(2)

The following graces for the imposition of an oath for the preser-
vation of the Public Library and against the assumption here of
degrees taken in foreign universities passed on the 19th of March :—

Cum indies in deterius eat bibliotheca publica oblito pene decreto quod in
ejus commodum jampridem tulit academia posthabito prorsus a plerisque jura-
mento quo literatos ferme omnes in earn tutandam sponte obstrictos voluit

Placeat vobis ut praDdictum juramentum solenni isti quod gradibus com-
petit adscribendum et per procuratores una recitandum prsestare teneantur
singuli quemlibet deinceps suscepturi gradum cui saltern bibliotheca; publicce
copia conceditur utque hoc placitum vestrum perpetui statuti loco habeatur.

Cum iisdem gradibus quos in exteris academiis immature praeripiunt apud
hanc exornari iniquissime aflfectent nostratium complures

Placeat vobis ut Anglis hisce transfugis ad doctoratus dignitatem omnis
praecludatur aditus nisi facultatis quam profitentur gradu inferiori apud vos
Oxonienses aut Dublinienses prius suscepto filiorum jus aliquatenus conse-
quantur utque hoc decretum vestrum procuratorum libris inscriptum pro per-
petuo statute habeatur.(3)

1697.

This year, Charles Montagu Earl of Manchester (l) was elected High
Steward of the University in the room of the Earl of Craven deceased.

On the 1st of October, the Vicechancellor and Heads of Colleges
decreed that every scholar should before his admittance into com-
mons pay a sum of money by way of caution for the payment of his
bills.(5)

In commemoration of the King's return to England after the peace
of Ryswick, the University published a volume of poems entitled,
" Gratulatio Academiaj Cantabrigiensis de reditu serenissimi Regis
" Gulielmi IIL post Pacem & Libertatem Europee feliciter restitutam

(1) Corporation Common Day Book,

(2) Stat. 8 & 9 Gul. III. c. 6, s. 38.

(3) Stat. Acad. Cantab, p. 405.

(4) He was employed by King ■William and Queen Anne in embassies to Venice, Paris,
and Vienna. On the 4th of January, 1701-2, he was constituted one of the principal Secre-
taries of State, but he held that office only till the 2d May, 1702. He was Captain of the
Yeomen of the Guard from 1680 to 1702, and on the Ist of May, 1710, was created Duke of
Manchester.

(5) Stat. Acad. Cantab, p. 507.

1697] WILLIAM THE THIRD. g^

" Anno MDcxcvii."(i) Amongst the authors are John Montagu Mas-
ter of Trinity College, Sir William Dawes Master of Catharine Hall
afterwards Archbishop of York, John Covel Master of Christ's Col-
lege, Francis Hare of King's College afterwards Bishop of Chiches-
ter, Thomas Sherlock of Catharine Hall afterwards Bishop of Lou-
don, Roger Gale of Trinity College, Robert Walpole of King's Col-
lege, Robert Moss of Corpus Christi College afterwards Dean of
Ely, John Leng of Catharine Hall afterwards Bishop of Norwich, and
Joshua Barnes Greek Professor. The Vicechancellor presented a copy
to the King at Kensington on the 2nd of December.(2)

On the 19th of November, the Duke of Somerset Chancellor pre-
sented to the King at Kensington a loyal address from the Univer-
sity on the conclusion of the peace of Ryswick. He was accompa-
nied by the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Bishops of Ely, Norwich,
Peterborough, Lincoln, and Chichester; together with the Vicechan-
cellor, several Heads of Houses, the Proctors, and the two Members
of Parliament for the University. The King received the address
very graciously, and assured the University of his protection for the
welfare of the Church of England and for the encouragement of
learning.(3)

The address was in these terms :—

We your Majesties most Dutiful and Loyal Subjects, the Chancellor, Mas-
ters, and Scholars of your University of Cambridge, do with all humility con-
gratulate your Majesties return to your Kingdoms in safety, as that great
and comprehensive blessing, which completes and confirms to us the happi-
ness we owe to your Majesty, in the conclusion of a most honourable Peace,
For as we have a more than common share in the Universal satisfaction which
all Europe expresses upon this joyful occasion ; so we and all your Majesties
Subjects must esteem ourselves to be peculiarly happy in the enjoyment of
your Royal presence, and in the security it gives us, that your Majesties most
sacred person, on whose safety that of this Kingdom so much depends, is no
longer exposed to the hazards of a foreign Expedition.

The large part we were to have had in those miseries that lately threatened
the Liberties, Properties, and estabhshed religion of the nation, instructs us
to receive with a suitable thankfulness the glorious accomplishment of the de-
liverance God has given us by your Majesty, under whose protection our en-
tire confidence is, that we, and the whole Church of England shall still rejoycc.

Ox this occasion, your Majesty Avill graciously allow us tlie liberty, unani-
mously, and in the most solemn manner to profess that we hold it our duty
and interest, to pray for your Majesty's long and prosperous Reign over us ;
and withall to assure your Majesty, that we will employ our Fortunes, Studies,
and utmost endeavours in the defence of your Majesties Sacred Person, and
of your just and rightful Title to our Allegiance, against all your Majesties

(1) " Cantabrigiie Typis Acudemicis." fo.

{2) Loiidun GiULttc, No. 3o!G.

(3) London Giuetle. No. '6'6i2. Sec 01dniis.on'i Hist, of Addrciics, 203.

c^r-^f'^r'

38 WILLIAM THE THIRD. [1697

Enemies and opposcrs whatsoever; and that we will use all possible care and
diligence to instil those principles of Loyalty and firm adherence to your Ma-
jesty into all such persons as are, or shall be educated among us, which may
demonstrate to your Majesty, and to the whole world, our unfeigned Zeal
and entire affection to your Majesties Royal person and Government.

The following cliarges in the accounts of the treasurers of the

town refer to the proclamation of peace and the thanksgiving :(0 —

To Fuller Carrow for attending to proclaim y« peace with his trumpet, 5s.
To ye Lord Orfords man for ye present of a Buck, £1.
To Mr. Rumbold for wine on ye Thanksgiving day, 18s.
To Mr. Lawson & partner for beer then, £L 2s.
To Mr. Briggs for Cakes then, 6s.(2)

On the 4th of December, the Corporation seal was affixed to the
subjoined address : —

To THE King's most Excellent Majesty.
The humble Address of the Mayor, Aldermen, and Burgesses of your

Majesty's Town of Cambridge.
Great Sir,
Your Majesty's safe return to your people, after the happy and honourable
peace which your arms have obtained for us, as it hath filled our hearts with
the truest sense of joy, so it raises in us the highest gratitude both to heaven
9,nd yourself by whom we are delivered from the greatest danger that ever
these nations were threatened with.

The difficulties your Majesty has gone through were so great that nothing

could have conquered them but your Majesty's undaunted courage and resolution.

May your Majesty live to enjoy the fruits of peace, and may all your subjects

be so sensible of the blessings they receive from you that we may make all

,the sincere returns of duty and allegiance.

And that your reign over us may be easy and happy, shall over be the
earnest desire and constant endeavours of your Majesty's most loyal and dutiful
subjects.

Given under our Common Seal with free and unanimous consent, the fourth
day of December in the ninth year of your Majesty's most gracious reign.(3)

This address was presented to the King at Kensington, on the
8th of December, by Sir John Cotton Bart, and Isaac Watlingtoij
Esq. the representatives in Parliament for the Town, who were in-
troduced by the Earl of Orford.(4)

The Lord Lieutenant, Custos Rotulorum, High Sheriff, Deputy
Lieutenants, justices of the peace, clergy, and gentlemen of the county
also presented an address of congratulation on the peace.(5)

This year, a grace passed empowering the Vicechancellor, Dr. Bal-
derston. Dr. Roderick, and the Proctors, or any two of them to

<1) On the 2nd of December.

(2) Accounts of the Treasurers of the Town, from Michaelmas 169G, to 14 March, 1697-9S.

(3) Corporation Coucher ; London Gazette, 0 Dec. 16'J7.

(4) London Gazette, No. .3347.

(0) Oldmixon, Hist, of Addresses, 208.

WILLIAM THE THIRD. 39

administer the oath for preservation of the privileges of the Univer-
sity to the Undersheriff and his officers .(i)

Admiral Russell one of the Members for the county, having taken
his seat in the House of Lords as Earl of Orford,(2) a contest to
supply the vacancy thus occasioned took place between Sir Rushout
CuUen of Isleham Bart, and Granado Pigott Esq. of Abington Pigotts.
The poll was taken on the 16th and 17th of December. On the first
day, Mr. Pigott had a majority of 150, but on the second day Sir
Rushout CuUen was returned. Certain freeholders{3) petitioned against
the return, but it was resolved that Sir Rushout Cullen was duly
elected.(4)
1697'! A grace appointing syndics for the management of the University
J press passed the Senate on the 21st of January.(5)

1698.

By an act imposing a tax for disbanding forces, paying seamen,
and other uses, which received the royal assent on the 2nd of April,
the University and Town of Cambridge were charged £2,134 125. 3|(/.(6)
The sites of the Colleges, the stipends of the Masters, fellows, and
scholars, and of the readers, officers, or ministers of the Universities
and Colleges were exempted from charge.(7)

On the 5th of April, the Viccchancellor and Heads went to New-
market to congratulate the King on his arrival at that place. They
were introduced to his Majesty by the Duke of Somerset Chancellor
of the University .(8)

(1) MS. Baker, xlii. 138 b.

(2) His patent is dated 7th of May, 1697, but his Writ of Summons was not issued till the
1st of December. He took his seat in the House of Lords on the 6th of December.

(3) Sir Christopher Hatton,Sir Richard Bennett, Baronets; Altham Smith, Thomas Birch,
Rlalbon CaroU, John Millicent, Tyrrell Dalton, William March, Thomas llichars, Edward
Nightingalle, Robert Drake, John Brownell, and Theophilus Tyrrell, Esquires; James Say-
well, Thomas Dod, Roger Pykc, Thomas Ewin, and Thomas Fowle, gentlemen. It appears
that the Earl of Orford recommended Sir Rushout Cullen. Lord Cutts, Sir Henry Bicker-
ing, Pickering, Esq., Tregonnel Frampton, Rowland, Esq., Loane, Esq., and

Rlr. Sizer are mentioned as amongst the most active of Sir Rushout CuUen's supporters.

(4) Commons' Journals, xii. 16, 77, 84.

(5) Lib. Grat. © p. 428.

(6) Commissioners " For the University and Towne of Cambridge."

" The Vice-Chancellor for the time being, The Mayor for the time being. The Honorable
" John Mountague Doctor of Divinity, The Honorable Henry Boyle, Esq., Sir William
" Dawes, Baronett, Joseph Bcaumonti Humphrey Gower, John Balderston, W^illiam Say-
" well, John Colvile, Samuel Blithe, James Johnson, Charles Roderick, Gabriel Quadring,
" William Stanley, Thomas Browne, Thomas Smoult, Thomas Bainbrigg, ]Miles Barne,
" Henry James, Doctors in Divinity ; W'illiam Cooke, George Oxcndon, Richard Berry,
" Doctors in Law; John Braddy, Christopher Green, Doctors in I'hysick; Isaac Newton,
" Master of Arts, Sir Thomas Chichley Knight, Sir John Cotton Baronett, Isaac Watlingtou
•' Esquire, Tanfield Lemon Esquire, Robert Drake junior Esquire, Nathaniel Crabb, Samuel
" Newton, Thomas Ewen, Thomas Fox, Thomas Fowle, Nicholas Eagle, Charles Cliambers,

" Thomas Walker, William Watson, John Frohock, Newling Aldermen ; William Worts

'• Esquire, John Berne Esquire, Hugh Martin Esquire, Robert Drake senior gent. William
" Barron gent., Gerrard Herring gent., Daniel Love gent,"

(7) Stat. 9. Gul. III. c. 10.

(8) London Gazette, No. 3381.

40 WILLIAM THE THIRD. [1698

In Trinity term, the Court of King's Bench was moved to grant
a mandamus, directed to the Mayor of Cambridge, commanding him
to execute a judgment of nonsuit in the Town Court, in an action
of debt for rent, by Wilkins against Mitchell, wherein the plaintiff
was nonsuited. The Mayor refused to award execution for the de-
fendant's costs, and took security from the plaintiff for his indem-
nity. The mandamus was refused on the ground that the defendant
m^ight have a legal remedy by writ de executione judicii out of Chan-
cery.(i)

Amongst the stamp duties granted by an act which received the
royal assent on the 3rd of July, was an additional duty of one
shilling on every skin or piece of vellum or parchment and for
every sheet or piece of paper upon which should be ingrossed or
written any matriculation in either of the two Universities. (2)

Previously to the election of members of Parliament for the Uni-
versity (which took place in July), the Duke of Somerset the Chan-
cellor addressed the subjoined letter to the Senate on behalf of the
Hon. Henry Boyle M.A. who was elected in conjunction with An-
thony Hammond Esq. : —

For the Rev^. Mr. Vicechancellor of Cambridge to be opened in full
Senatte.

London, July ye 7th, 1698.
Gentlemen,

If Mr. Boyle have by his actiones in Parliament deserved to bee continued
farther as one of your Representatives then I doe Avith all duty & Service
to your University humbly make an offer of him at your next Election which
is not farr off, all people being in dayly expectation of his Majesty's soonc dis-
solving this by Proclamation, & of issuing forth "VVritts to call a new one.

The Merrittes of this Gentleman I neede not enlarge on for ye proofs hee have
given to the world are demonstrationes thereofF. Soe that I shall onely at present
doe him that justice to say that his ambition is to bee continued one of your
Representatives in the next Parliament, & that he hath at all times espoused
your Interest with all ye zeale, diligence, & integrity imaginable. If I may
thus farr presume to write to the most famouse & most learned of all Univer-
sities in the behalf of my friend & my Relation I doe in the most humble
manner submitt him and my Selfe unto you all ; I having noe other thought or
ambition then what is most entirely for your Service, which I think I have
given some proofes of that already & I am sure more doe only want more
opportunities to show to the wholle world that I shall at all times & for
ever bee proude to own that I am

Gentlemen,
Your Most Obliged, most faithfull and most Obedient Humble Servant,

Somerset. (3)

(1) Modern Eeports, xii. 196; Lord rtaymond's Ecports, i. 348; Salkeld's Reports, iii. 229.
(3) Stat. 9 Gul. IIT. c. 2r>. Vide ante, p. 25.
(3) MS. Baker, xxx. 3.')G.

1698-99] WILLIAM THE THIRD. 4J

The Earl of Nottingham also wrote very zealously to the Univer-
sity in favour of Mr. Hammond.(i)

On the 25th of July, Sir John Cotton and Sir Henry Pickering
Baronets were elected members of Parliament for the Town. They
seem to have been opposed, but the name of the other candidate
does not appear.(2)

The following grace for regulating the right of voting in the Senate,
passed on the 10th of October: —

Cum ortac soepius ob controversum sufFragiorum jus ofFensoc litesque gravis-
simai certius aliquid de iis statui postulare vidcantur

PliVCeat vobis ut nulli aut theologia; baccalaurei aut artium magistri sivc in
propriis sive in conductis oedibvis sive in collegio aliquo commorantes atqiie
ibidem in tabulis nomina sua bona fide non habentes apud vos in posteruni
jure sufFragii fruantur nisi qui per sponsores idoneos a domino procancellario
coram academic registrario approbandos omnia exercitia gradui et facultati suis
competentia tum in templo beata? Mariro tum in scholis publicis se praistare
pollicentur neque ut ad hoc jus admittantur nisi peracto integro trium men-
sium spatio post datam domino procancellario hac in re fidem utque hsec
gratia vQStra legis vigorcm obtineat et procuratorum libris inscribatur.(3)

On the election of a fellow of Clare Hall on the foundation of

Mr. Dickins, eight of the fellows voted for Mr. Jennings, whilst Dr.

Blythe the Master and six of the fellows voted for another. The

Master refused to admit Mr. Jennings, who obtained a mandamus

from the Court of King's Bench, to which the Master and fellows

returned their several statutes, by one of which the Chancellor of

the University was appointed visitor of the College. An argument

respecting this return took place in Michaelmas term, but it does

not appear that the case was ever decided.(4)

IGOS'I ^^ the 7th of February, Edward Russell Earl of Orford (5) was

— > elected High Steward of the Town in the room of Sir Thomas Chich-

^ lev Knt. deceased.

(1) Vernon Letters, ii. 151.

(2) Corporation Common Day Book.

(3) Stat. Acad. Cantab, p. 400. See under 1728.

(4) Modern Reports, v. 404, 422.

(5) Edward Russell the second son of the Hon. Edward Russell (young-est son of Francis
Russell the fourth Earl of Bedford) by Penelope daughter and co-heir to Sir Moses Ilill, of
Hillsborough Castle, in Ireland, and widow of Sir William Brooke, K.B., was born in 1(552.
He early embraced the naval profession; and after passing through the usual course of ser-
vice, became the commander of several successive ships. He married his cousin the Lady
Margaret Russell (daughter of William Russell fifth Earl and first Duke of Bedford) and
was sometime one of the Gentlemen of the Bedchamber to James Duke of York, but the
execution of hisbrotlicr-in-law, William Lord Russell, drove him from tlie Court. _ He was
highly instrumental in bringing about the revolution, and commanded the ship which
brought the Prince of Orange to England. On the accession of William and Mary he was
admitted of the Privy Council and made a rear-admiral, and in May, 1G91, he gained a
splendid and decisive victory over the French fleet off La Hogue. In 16'.)7, he was raised to
the peerage by the titles of Baron Russell of Shengay, Viscount Barfleur and Earlof Orford.
He was several times Admiral and Conmiaiidcr-in-Chief of the Fleet, First Lord of the Ad-
miralty and one of the Lords Justices of England; He also held the oflices of Treasurer of

VOL. IV. F

4g WILLIAM THE THIRD.

1699.

On the 14tli of April, the Vicechaiicellor and Heads went to
Newmarket to congratulate the King on his coming thither, " which
" Sir William Dawes the Vice-Chancellor performed in a very hand-
" some Speech, being introduced by his Grace the Duke of Somerset
** Chancellor of the University. His Majesty received them very
" graciously ; and they were afterwards entertained at Dinner by
" His Majesty's particular Command."(i>

On the 4th of May, the royal assent was given to an act for
raising money for disbanding the army, providing for the navy,
and for other necessary occasions. The quota of the University
and Town was £2134. 12*. 3iJ.(2) 'Ihe sites of the Colleges and
Halls and buildings within the walls or limits thereof, and the
stipends of the Masters, fellows, and scholars thereof, and of the
readers, officers or ministers of the Universities and Colleges, were
exempted from taxation. (3)

On the 23rd of May, the Corporation made the following ordi-
nance : —

Whereas, according to the orders and constitutions of this Corporation,
no Alderman who has borne the office of Mayor of this Corporation is com-
pellable to hold and accept the said office until six years be ended after the
expiration of his former Mayoralty.(4) It is agreed and ordered by a
general consent of the Mayor, Aldermen, Common Councilmen and Burgesses
this day assembled, that no Alderman who has borne the office of Mayor of
this Corporation shall be elected or eligible to the said office until the end
of six years after the expiration of his former Mayoralty, and if any of
the eighteen electors shall choose any Alderman into the office of Mayor,
contrary to this order, then he or they so offending herein shall forfeit and
pay to the use of this Corporation for every offence the sum of forty shil-

the Navy and Treasurer of the Household. In 1701, he was impeached but acquitted.
He died without issue on the 26th of November, 1727, in the 75th year of his age. The
Earl of Orford resided at Chippenham, in this county, where he built and endowed a school.
There was formerly a portrait of this nobleman in the County Club Eoom at the Tuns
Tavern.

(1) London Gazette, No. 3488.

(2) The Commissioners were the same as appointed by the Act of 1698, (vide ante, p. 39)
with the addition of the following- " For the University and Towne of Cambridg-e :" —

" Sir Henry Pickering Baronett, Anthony Hammond, Anthony Thompson, William Layer,
" Thomas Archer junior, William March, Esquires, AVilliam Herring, Joseph Kettle, James
" Harrison, Christopher Hichardson, John Craske, Thomas Gale, James Wendy senior,
" William Wendy senior, Francis Piercy, Brian Thornell, Thomas Allen senior, Thomas
" Gibbart, John Desborough, Nicholas Apthorpe, John Wardell, Thomas Crabb, Peter
" Bettson, William Wiseman, William Briggs, Robert Smith, Benjamin Young, Thomas
'• Fowle junior, Thomas Fox junior, Roger Hurst, Thomas Lawson, Francis Brackenbury,
" Thomas Wendy, Richard Jordain gentlemen."

(3) Stat. 10 Gul. III. c. 9.

(4) By the Bye-Laws of 1686, it Avas enacted " That no Alderman having born the office
" of Mayoralty" shall be compellable to bear the said office within the space of six years next
" after his first election, but shall be at liberty to accept or refuse the said office upon every
^' election after his first election."

1699-1700] WILLIAM THE THIRD. 43

lings, and if any Alderman so elected into the office of Mayor, contrary to
this order, do accept and take upon him to execute and enjoy the said
office, then he shall forfeit and pay to the use of this Corporation for such
his acceptance the sum of forty pounds for every time that he shall offend
herein. And this order shall not be revoked or made void without the con-
sent of the Mayor and six of the Aldermen present at the time of the pro-
posing the same ; upon pain that every person making any proposition con-
trary to this order shall forfeit the sum of forty pounds to the use of this
Corporation.(l)

On the 31st of July, Daniel Love, Robert Day, Edward Almond,
Edmund Riches, and Thomas Gaile common councilmen, were re-
moved for not having taken the sacrament. On the 16th of August
five other persons were elected in their places. A mandamus for
the restoration of the ejected common councilmen was obtained, to
which the Corporation made a return. On the 26th of February,'(2)
Love, Day, and Almond were fined 35. 4^?. each for intruding them-
selves into the seats appointed for the common council.(i)

On the 24th of August, the Corporation made an order that
whenever there was an equality of voices in the election of any of
the four-and-twenty or common council, the Mayor should appoint
which of the persons for whom the voices were equal, should be
elected.(i)
1699 ^ On the 18th of March, was presented to the House of Commons
■~Z [a petition of the Mayor, aldermen, and common councilmen of the
Corporation of Cambridge ; setting forth, that by a vote of the House
of the 7th instant, a clause was ordered to be added to the bill to
prevent disputes that may arise by members of Corporations having
neglected to sign the association, for indemnifying such members of
Corporations as neglected to qualify themselves according to the act
made to prevent dangers which may happen from popish recusants;
which clause would not only encourage the disobedience to that law,
by reinstating such as had been displaced thereby, and turning out
those that had been admitted by the due qualifications thereof; but
might "in time tend to the making that Law useless, which was,
" in late times, known to be the great Bulwark and Support of
" the Protestant Religion and Nation against the Oppression and
<' Tyranny of all its Enemies:" and praying to be heard by their
counsel, before the bill should pass. It was thereupon ordered,
that the petition should lie upon the table until the report was
made from the committee on the bill.(3)

(1) Corporation Common Day Book.

(2) 1699-1700.

(3) Commons' Journal.-, xiii. 287-

44 WILLIAM THE 'THIRD. [1700

1700.

On the 11th of April, the royal assent was given to "An Act
for the ascertaining the Measures for retailing Ale and Beer." This
act contains a proviso that nothing therein contained should extend
or be construed to extend to any the Colleges or Halls in either of
the Universities of this kingdom.(i) This proviso was probably de-
signed to preserve the privileges of the Universities, but from the
mode in which it was framed had no such effect. A clause saving
the University privileges, and drawn with more attention to legal
precision, was however inserted in a subsequent act.(2)

By a land tax act which received the royal assent on the 11th of
April, the University and Town of Cambridge were charged with the
sum of £1423. Is. 6^d. The sites of the Colleges and the stipends
of the Masters, fellows, and scholars, and of the readers, officers, and
ministers of the Universities and Colleges were exempted.(3)

On the death of William Duke of Gloucester, son of the Princess
Anne (afterwards Queen), which took place on the 29th of July,
the University published a volume of poems under the title of "Thre-
nodia Academise Cantabrigiensis in immaturum obitum illustrissimi
ac desideratissimi Principis Gulielmi Ducis Glocestrensis."(4) Amongst
the authors are Thomas Greene Vicechancellor afterwards Bishop of
Ely, John Covel Master of Christ's College, Richard Bentley Master
of Trinity College, Joshua Barnes of Emmanuel College, Francis Hare
of King's College afterwards Bishop of Chichester, and Peter AUix
of Queen's College afterwards Dean of Ely.

On the 17th of September, Robert Drake Esq. was unanimously
elected Recorder, in the room of the Duke of Bedford deceased.

On the 12th of November, the Corporation resolved to petition the
House of Commons for an act for restoring the navigation of thq
Town, and that a committee should be appointed by the Mayor and
aldermen to treat with persons apt and skilful in the management
and doing what was requisite therein. (5)

1701.

On the 24th of June, the royal assent was given to an act impos-
ing a tax for defraying the expence of the navy, guards, and ga^-

(1) Stat. 11 Gul. III. c. 15.

(2) Vide p. 45.

(3) Stat. 11 Gul. III. c. 2.

(4) " CantabrigitB Typis Academicis, mdcc." fo.
(.5) Corporation Common Day Book.

1701] WILLIAM THE THIRD. 45

risous. The quota of the University and Town was f 2L34. 12s. 3i(/.(i)
The sites of the Colleges and Halls, and the buildings within the
walls and limits thereof, were exempted from charge, as were the
stipends of the Masters, fellows, and scholars thereof, and of the
readers, officers, or ministers of the Universities and the Colleges and
Halls therein. (2)

In an act of Parliament(3) which received the royal assent on the
24th of June, is a recital that by the recent act for ascertaining the
measures for retailing ale and beer,(4) it was enacted that every
Mayor or chief officer of each city, town corporate, borough, or
market town, should cause and procure all ale quarts and ale pints
to be compared, sized, and equalled with the standard, and then
signed, stampt, and markt. It is then enacted and declared, that
nothing in the recited act contained should extend or be construed
or taken to extend to deprive the tw^o Universities of this kingdom
or either of them, of their right privilege and usage of sizing, equal-
ling, signing, stamping, and marking of measures of ale and beer
within their respective limits and jurisdictions, but that they and
each of them respectively should and might have and enjoy their
said right, privilege, and usage, any thing in the recited act to
the contrary thereof iu any wise notwithstanding.('')

The Mayor and Corporation having given a company of actors
leave to perform at Sturbridge fair, without the sanction of the
Vicechancellor and in defiance of his authority, the Senate, on the

(1) Commissioners "For the University and Towne of Cambridge."

■" The Vice-Chancellor for the Time being, The Mayor for the Time being, The Honourable
" Henry Boyle Esquire, Sir John Cotton and Sir Henry Tickcring Baronetts, Sir William
" Dawes Baronet, Humphrey Gower, Thomas Smoult, John Balderstone, William Saywell,
" John Colvile, Samuel Blythe, Gabriel Quadring, Thomas Bainbrigg, Heniy James, Charles
" Roderick, llichard Bentley, Thomas Browne, Thomas Richardson, Thomas Green, James
" Johnson, Miles Barnes, Doctors of Divinity ; "William Cooke, George Oxenden, Richard
" Berrj', Doctors of Law; Christopher Green, Doctor of Physick; Isaac Newton, Master of
" Arts; Samuel Newton, Thomas Ewens, Thomas Fox, Nicholas Eagle, Charles Chambers,
" John Frohock, William Watson, Thomas Lawson, Thomas Fowle senior, W^illiam New-
" ling, James Fletcher, Thomas Fowle junior, Benjamin Young, Aldermen; William Down-
" ing, Anthony Thompson, William Worts, John Perne, Hugh Martin, William Layer,
" Thomas Archer junioi-, William March, Daniel Love, Esquires; William Baron, Gerrard
" Herring, William Herring, Joseph Kettle, James Harrison, Christopher Richardson,
*' John Craske senior, Thomas Gale, James Wendy senior, William Wendy senior, Francis
" Piercy, Brian Thornell, Thomas Allen senior, John Disborough, Nicholas Apcthorpe,
" John Warden, Thomas Crabb, Petei Betson, William Wiseman, William Briggs, Tho-
" mas Fox junior, Roger Hurst, Alexander Burrell, Thomas Wendy, Richard Jordan, Gen-
" tlemen."

(2) Stat. 12&13GuLIII.c. 10.

(3) The title would not lead any one to expect any enactment respecting weights and
measures. It is " An Act for granting to his Majesty several Duties upon Low Wines
•' or Spirits of the First Extraction, and continuing several additional Duties upon Coffee,
" Tea, Chocolate, Spices and Pictures, and certain Impositions upon Hawkers, Pedlars,
*' and Petty Chapmen, and the Duty of Fifteen Per Cent, ujwn Muslins, and for improv-
" ing the Duties upon Japanned and Laquered Goods, and for continviiiig the Coinage
" Duty for the several Terms and Purposes therein mentioned."

(4) Vide ante, p. 44.

(5) Stat. 12 & 13 Gul. III. c. 11, s. 15.

46 WILLIAM THE -THIRD. [1701

4th of September, passed a grace enacting that the privileges of
the University should be defended and vindicated at the public
charge ; and in the meantime, to prevent a breach of discipline,
the authority of Proctors during the time of the fair was con-
ferred on sixty-two Masters of Arts, and it was decreed that
whoever disobeyed them should ipso facto incur the penalty of
expulsion.C) It seems that the Vicechancellor (Dr. Bentley) com-
mitted Dogget the actor to gaol and ordered the booth built for
the theatre to be demolished.<2)

On the 11th of September, a Greek prelate, Neophytos, Arch-
bishop of Philippopoli, came to Cambridge, and was presented with
the Degree of Doctor of Divinity .(3)

On Louis the Fourteenth's acknowledging the son of James the
Second as King of England, the University voted the following
address to King William : —

May it please your. Majesty,

We your Majesty's most loyal and dutiful subjects the Chancellor, Masters,
and Scholars of your University of Cambridge, having a just detestation of the
indignity offered to your Sacred Majesty, by the French King, in setting up a
pretended Prince of Wales, as king of these realms, humbly crave leave on this
occasion to assure your Majesty, that from our hearts we own and assert your
just and rightful title to the Cro-vvns of these Kingdoms, and will contribute our
utmost to its defence, with all the cheerfulness and affection, that becomes our
duty to the best of Kings, and our gratitude to our happy deliverer.

We can never forget the once deplorable state of the Church and Nation
under the fatal influence of Popish and arbitrary power ; when all our prayers
and addresses to Heaven were for your Majesty's speedy arrival to rescue us
from the imminent dangers of idolatry and slavery. And we are daily sensible,
that we entirely owe the safety of our religion and liberties to your auspicious
Government. Neither can we doubt but God will still support and enable
you, not only to maintain your own Cro^^^l and dignity at home, but defend
your injured neighbours abroad, and secure the threatened liberty of Europe.

May the same good Providence, that has hitherto protected you from so
many secret and open attempts, preserve and prolong your sacred life, assist
and prosper you in all your great and good designs, direct your subjects in
Parliament to the \visest and best counsels, and continue these nations under
the happy establishment of a Protestant successor.(4)

(1) Monk, Life of Bentley, i. 152.

(2) De Foe's Review, iii. 383.

It would appear that the performance of plays at Sturbridge Fair was soon afterwards con-
nived at, for in a poem entitled " The Long Vacation, a Satyr address'd to all disconsolate
Traders." (Lond. 8vo. 1708,) are these lines :—

" The Actors too, must take the pleasant air,
" To Oxford some, to Sturbridge some repair,
" And quite debauch the hopeful Students there." — p. 8.

(3) Monk, Life of Bentley, i. 152.

•' Oratio Sanctissimi & Reverendissimi Viri Neophyti Phillippopolis ad Academiam Caii-
" tabrigiensem xiii. Septembris cum gradum Doctoratus in S. Theologiee admitteretur."
[Gr. & Lat.] Cantab. 4to. 1701.

(4) Monk, Life of Bentley, i. 153 n : London Gazette, 6th Nov. 1701. See Oldmixon, llist.
of Addresses, 222.

1701] WILLIAM THE THIRD. 47

This address was presented to the King at Hampton Court
on tlie 6th of November, by the Duke of Somerset Chancellor of
the University, " attended by the Vice-Chancellor and several of
the Masters and Scholars, who came to Town upon this occa-
sion."0)

The following address "subscribed by 1137 hands," was about
the same time presented to the King by the Earl of Orford, High
Steward of the Town : —

To His most Excellent Majesty William III., by the Grace of
God, of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland, King, De-
fender of the Faith, &c.

The Humble Address of the Mayor, High Steward, Re-
corder, Aldermen, Common Council-men, and Bur-
gesses of the Town of Cambridge, and other the in-
habitants of the same.

Most Gracious Sovereign,

We your Majesty's most dutiful and Loyal Subjects, do heartily congratulate
your Majesty's safe arrival to these your Kingdoms, and the more, it being at
a time when your legal and undoubted title to the same is struck at by the
aspiring Ambition of France, in proclaiming the pretended Prince of Wales
King of these your Majesty's Dominions.

In Detestation whereof, we humbly beg leave to assure your Sacred Ma-
jesty, That we will, to the utmost of our power, stand by and assist your
Majesty upon all occasions, against the French King, the pretended Prince of
Wales, and all other your enemies, Foreign and Domestick.

And we most humbly beseech Almighty God to grant you a long and pros-
perous reign over us, in the exercise and enjoyment of the best and most
Reformed Religion, as by Law established. (2)

At the general election in November, there was a contest for
the representation of the University between the Right Hon.
Henry Boyle (3) M.A. of Trinity College, Isaac Newton M.A. of
Trinity College, and Anthony Hammond M.A. of St. John's Col-
lege. The votes at the close of the poll were Boyle 180; Newton
161 ; Hammond 64. Previously to this election the Earl of Jersey,
Lord Chamberlain, wrote to the University in favour of Mr. Ham-
mond.(4)

In the case of the College of Physicians against Dr. Lcvett,
tried at Guildhall, London, on the 18th of November, before Sir
John Holt Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench, it was ruled
that a graduate in physic of one of the Universities was liable

(1) London Gazette, 6 Nov. 1701.

(2) Ibid.

(3) Vide ante, p. 20.

(4) Vernon Letters, iii. IGI.

48 WILLIAM THE THIRD. [1701-2

to a penalty for practising in or within seven miles of London
unless he had a licence from the College of Physicians.(0
1701^ On the 24th of February, was presented to the House of Com-
"T j mons, a petition of the Vicechancellor, masters and scholars of
the University, and the Mayor, bailiffs, and burgesses of the Town
and Borough of Cambridge, " setting forth, That the Rivers run-
" ning from Cambridge to King's Lynn heretofore were great and
" navigable Streams for Barges and Vessels ; whereby the said
" University, and Parts adjacent, were well served with Coals,
" Fish, Salt, and other Commodities, at reasonable Rates ; but for
" want of sufficient Banks, Stanks, and Sluices, for keeping up the
" Water in the shallow Places, the said River, in divers Places
*' between Cambridge, and a Place about Seven Miles below, called
" Clayhive, is so silted, and grown up, that the said Navigation
" will be wholly lost, if not timely prevented : And praying. That
" leave may be given to bring in a Bill for cleansing and dig-
" ging the Shallows of the Rivers running from the University and
" Town of Cambridge to King's Lynn; and for making and erect-
*' ing Sluices, and other Engines, on the said River; whereby the
*' Navigation and Commerce of the said Town may be recovered
•' and preserved." It was thereupon " Ordered, That Leave be given
" to bring in a Bill according to the prayer of the said Petition :
'* And that Mr. Chancellor of the Exchequcr,(2) and Sir John Cotton
" do prepare, and bring in, the said Bill."(3) On the 26th, the
Chancellor of the Exchequer presented to the House <* a Bill for
" clearing and making the River Cham, alias Grant, more navi-
" gable for Barges, Boats, Lighters and other Vessels, from Clay-
" hithe, alias Clayhive, in the County of Cambridge, unto the King's
" Mill in the University and Town of Cambridge. "(4) On the 2d
of March, the bill was read a first time,(5) and on the Gth it was
read a second time and committed, (6) but it did not pass in that
session, in consequence, probably, of the King's death.

By an act which received the royal assent on the 2d of March,
all members of Colleges and Halls in either University that were
or should be of the foundation, (being of the age of 18 years)
and all persons teaching pupils in either University or elsewhere,

(1) Lord Raymond's Reports, i. 472.

(2) Right Hon, Henry Boyle 1\I ember for the University.

(3) Commons' Journals, xiii. 758,

(4) Ibid. 76G.

(5) Ibid. 770.

(6) Ibid. 778.

1701-2] WILLIAM THE THIRD. 49

were required to take and subscribe the oath of abjuration (i) in
the Courts at Westminster, or at the quarter sessions«(2)

(1) " I A. B. do truly and sincerely acknowledge profess testify and declare in my Con-
*' science before God and the World That our Sovereign Lord King William is lawfuU and
" rightful King of this Realm and of all other His Majesties Dominions and Countries there-
" unto belonging And I do solemidy and sincerely declare That I do believe in my Con-
" science that the Person pretended to be Prince of Wales during the Life of the late King
" James and since his Decease pretending to be and taking upon himself the Stile and Title
" of King of England by the Name of James the Third hath not any Right or Title whatso-
" ever to the Crown of this Realm or any other the Dominions thereto belonging And I do
" renounce, refuse and abjure any Allegiance or Obedience to him And I do swear that
" I will bear Faith and True Allegiance to His Majesty King William and Him will de-
" fend to the utmost of my Power against all Traiterous Conspiracies and attempts what-
*' soever which shall be made against His Person Crown or Dignity And I will do my
" best endeavours to disclose and make known to His Majesty and his Successors all Trea-
" sons and Traiterous Conspiracies which I shall know to be against Him or any of them
" And I do faithfully promise to the utmost of my Power to support maintain and defend
" the Limitation and Succession of the Crown against him the said James and all other
" Persons whatsoever as the same is and stands limited (by an Act intituled An Act de-
" daring the Rights and Liberties of the Subject and setling the Succession of the Crown)
•' to His Majesty during His Majesty's Life and after His Majesty's Decease to the
" Princess Ann of Denmark and the Heirs of Her Body being Protestants and for de-
" fault of such Issue to the Heirs of the Body of His Majesty being Protestants And
" as the same by one other Act intituled An Act for further Limitation of the Crown and
" better securing the Rights and Liberties of the Subject is and stands limited after the
" Decease of His Majesty and the Princess Ann of Denmark and for default of Issue
" of the said Pruicess and of His Majesty respectively to the Princess Sophia Electrcss
" and Dutchess Dowager of Hanover and the Heirs of Her Body being Protestants And
" all these Things I do plainly and sincerely acknowledge and swear according to these
" express Words by me spoken and according to the i)lain and Common Sense and Un-
" derstanding of the same Words without any Equivocation mental Evasion or secret
" Reservation whatsoever And I do make tliis Recognition Acknowledgement Abjura-
" tion Renunciation and Promise heartily willingly and truly upon the true Eaith of a
" Christian

" So HELP ME God."

This oath was altered by the following statutes; — 1 Ann. c. 16; 4 & 5 Ann. c. 20; 6
Ann. c. 41.

(2) Stat. 13&14Gul. III.c. 6.

ANNE.

1701.

1701 ^ On the 10th of March, Queen Anne was proclaimed by the Uni-
rversity about two in the afternoon, and by the Mayor and Aldermen
about three. On the 12th, she was proclaimed by the Sheriff" of the
county .(1)

The accession of Queen Anne and the death of William III. were
commemorated by the publication of a collection of poems entitled
" Academise Cantabrigiensis Carmina quibus decedenti Augustissi-
" mo Regi Wilhelmo III. parentat; et succedenti optimis auspiciis
" serenissimae Regina3 Annas gratulatur."(2) Amongst the authors
were Thomas Richardson Vicechancellor, John Covel Master of
Christ's College, Thomas Green Master of Corpus Christi College
afterwards Bishop of Ely, Joshua Barnes of Emmanuel College,
Roger Gale of Trinity College, Francis Hare of King's College after-
wards Bishop of Chichester, Thomas Rymer of Queens' College,
Arthur Ashley Sykes of Corpus Christi College, and Peter AUix of
Queens' College afterwards Dean of Ely.

The following address from the University was presented to the
Queen by the Duke of Somerset Chancellor, the Archbishop of Can-
terbury and several other Bishops, with many of the Heads, scho-
lars, and other clergy and gentlemen of the University : —
May it please your most Sacred Majesty,

We your Majesty's most dutiful & Loyal Subjects, the Chancellor, Mas-
ters, and Scholars, of yom* University of Cambridge, who were deeply afflicted
at the death of our late Sovereign King William, of most glorious Memory,
humbly beg leave to express our hearty sorrow on that sad occasion ; and at

(1) Aid. Newton's Diary.

(2) " Cantabrig-ife Typis Acadcmicis." fo.

1702] ANNE. 51

the same time with unfeigned duty and affection to congratulate your Majesty's
happy Accession to the Throne of your Royal Ancestors ; by which alone so
great a loss could be and is effectually repair'd.

The first act of your auspicious Reign your Majesty's gracious Declaration,
as it gives new life to your Allies abroad, who could not but be very sensibly
affected at his death, by whose vigorous influence the whole body of them
moved ; so it hath raised in your people a pleasing hope, that the glory of
reducing Exhorbitant Power is again reserved for an English Queen, and de-
sign'd to be the great blessing of your Majesty's Illustrious and happy reign.

Yom Majesty's early Education in the Church of England, & constant ad-
herence to it give us a joyful assurance, that this church, and your two Uni-
versities, the great seminaries of true Religion and Loyalty, will flourish under
your Majesty's peculiar favour and protection.

We therefore with most affectionate & Loyal hearts faithfully engage,
That in our station & capacity we will maintain, as we are in strictest duty
bound, your Majesty's most undoubted right to the Imperial Crown of this
Realm, against the pretended Prince of "Wales, & your peaceable enjoyment
of it against all opposers.

"We humbly beseech Almighty God to prolong your Majesty's happy Reign,
& to prosper your Councels and Arms; that by them the establish'd Govern-
ment in Church & State may be secured, the Protestant interest advanced,
and the civil rights of Europe supported and preserved.

To this address the Queen gave the following answer: —

I thank you very kindly for your Good Address, and shall allways take care
of the Church of England, and in particular of your University.(l)

1702.

The following address from the Corporation was presented to the
Queen by Sir Henry Pickering Bart, one of the Town members and
several of the Aldermen, who w ere introduced by the Lord Cutts : —
To THE Queen's most Excellent Majesty.
The Humble Address of the Mayor, Aldermen, Common Council-
men, Bayliffs, & Burgesses of the Corporation of the Town of
Cambridge.
Most Gracious Sovereign,
"We your Majesties most dutiful & loyal Subjects do most humbly beg
leave to condole with your Sacred Majesty for the unspeakable loss of our late
dread Sovereign, King William the third of happy memory, which would have
been insupportable, had not your accession to the Throne of these your King-
doms amply supplied it, which we most sincerely Congratulate.

And we do firmly assure your Majesty, that upon all occasions we shall be
ready to assist your Majesty with our lives and fortunes against the power of
France, the pretended Prince of Wales and all other the Enemies of our Church
& State.

Your zeal for the preservation whereof, expressed by your most Gracious
Declaration, cannot but make the deepest Impressions upon us, and not only
render us your most grateful and Loyal svibjects, but also engage our utmost

(1) Loadou Gazette, 10 March, 1701-2.

52 ANNE. [1702

efforts in the support of your Crown & Dignity, and our continual prayers
for your long and prosperous reign over us.

Given under our Common Seal the 31st of March, in the first year of your
Majesties K,eign.(l)

On the 5th of May, Sir John Cotton Bart, (2) was chosen Re-
corder,(3) in the room of Robert Drake Esq. deceased.

By an act which received the royal assent on the 6th of May, the
University and Town were charged £2846. 3^. Id. to the land tax.
The sites of the Colleges and Halls and the buildings within their
limits were exempted, as were also the Masters, fellows, scholars,
and officers of such Colleges and Halls, and the officers of the Uni-
versities, in respect of the stipends, wages, profits and exhibitions
of their respective places and employments.(^)

On the 20th of July, the Corporation seal was affixed to the fol-
lowing petition to the Lord High Admiral :^-

To THE MOST Excellent and Illustrious Prince, George Prince of
Denmark, Lord High Admiral of England.
The humble Petition of the Mayor, Bailiffs, and Burgesses of the

Tovm of Cambridge, in the County of Cambridge.
Humbly sheweth.
That from the port or harbour of Lynn Regis in the county of Norfolk, as
well the To^\'n of Cambridge as the University and the neighbouring counties,
are supplied with sea coal, salt, and divers others merchandizes imported from
Newcastle and other foreign parts.

But for want of a sufficient convoy which in former times of war have been
allowed by royal bounty, the ships and vessels cannot be secured and defended
against privateers, which at this juncture do so infest the coasts thereabouts
that no vessel dare venture to sea.

By reason whereof the price of sea coal is advanced one third part at the
least, and is likely to be raised to a much greater rate, unless it be timely
prevented.

Your petitioners therefore humbly crave that your highness would

vouchsafe to appoint such a convoy as will secure the vessels from the

danger and rapine of the privateers. And your petitioners as in duty

bound A\-ill ever pray &c.

Given under our common seal the 20th day of July, in the first year of the

(1) London Gazette, 2 April, 1702.

(2) Sir John Cotton was eldest son of Sir John Cotton the first baronet, by Jane daughter
and sole heiress of Edward Hynde Esq. He succeeded to the baronetcy in 1689, represented
the Town of Cambridge from 1688 to 1708, and died in January, 1712-13.

(3) John W^elbore Esq. was admitted Deputy llecorder, 28th Jan. 1702-3.

(4) Stat. 1 Ann. c. 6.

The same sum was charged on the University and Town by the following statutes which
also contain clauses exempting the Colleges, &c. : —

*1 Ann. Stat. 2, c. 1, *6 Ann. c. 35.

2 & 3 Ann. c. 1. *7 Ann. c. 1.

3 & 4 Ann. c. 1, 8 Ann. c. 1.
*4 & 5 Ann. c. 1. *9 Ann. c. 1.
6 Ann. c. I. 10 Ann. c. 1.

Only half the above sum was charged by 12 Ann. c. 1 ; *13 Ann. c. 1.

The Statutes marked * contain lists of Commissioners for the University and Town.

1702-33 ANNE 53

reign of our Sovereign Lady Anne, by the grace of God of England, Scotland,
France and Ireland Queen, Defender of the Faitli, &c. Annoque Domini,
1702.(1)

I The Lower House of Convocation, in a representation to the

3 j Archbishop of Canterbury and his suffragans, complained that per-
sons had been admitted to be Chancellors or Officials and as
such to exercise ecclesiastical jurisdiction who had not taken any
degree in any University, contrary to the 127th carion,(2) and the
declared opinion of the Archbishop and Bishops in 1571.('*^) This,
they stated, did manifestly tend to the discouragement of the study
and profession of the civil and ecclesiastical laws, to the prejudice
of the Universities, and to the impairing of the dignity of those
offices.{4)

On the 10th of February, a grace passed the Senate for investing
with the title of Professor of Chemistry John Francis Vigani a native
of Verona, who had taught chemistry with reputation in Cambridge
for twenty years previously .(5)

On the 27th of February, the royal assent was given to the
following Act of Parliament(G) for improving the navigation of the
viver Cam between Cambridge and Clayhithe :—

An Act for making the Riveii Cham alias Grant in the

County of Cambridge more navigable from Clay Hithe

Ferry to the Queen's Mill in the University and Town

OF Cambridge.

Whereas there was heretofore a navigable Passage for Barges Boats Lighters

and other Vessels of Burthen from the University and Town of Cambridge

(1) Corporation Coucher.

(2) Vide Vol. ill. p. 10.

(3) Vide Vol. ii. p. 277.

(4) Cardwell, Synodalia, 713.

(.■}) Stat. Acad. Cantab, p. 599; Monk, Life of Bentley, i. 204.

(6) On the 10th of November, 1702, a petition of the Vicechanccllor, Masters, fellows and
scholars of the University, and of the Mayor, bailiffs and burgesses of the town and borough
of Cambridge, praying for leave to bring in the bill was presented to the House of Commons.
Leave was given accordingly, and on the next day the bill was presented hy Sir Henry
Pickering. On the L3th, it was read a first time. On the 18th, it was read a second time
and committed. On the 25th, was presented a petition from Sir John Willis and Sir I'aul
AVhichcot Baronets, Gilbert Wigmore, John Rant, Peter Sadler, John Clinch, and Thomas
Archer the younger Esquires, and John Butler Doctor of Laws, and others, on behalf of
themselves and others the inhabitants and owners of lands within the county, as well within
the precincts and liberties of the University and Town, as without in the body of the
County. They complained that they and the other inhabitants and owners of the lauds near
the river had not been consulted or advised with, though their lands were greatly in danger
of receiving damage by the intended navigation, and prayed that they might be heard against
the bill. The House referred the consideration of this petition to the Committee on the
bill, who Avere directed to hear the petitioners by their counsel. On the 9th of December,
the bill was reported and an amendment for increasing the number of County Conservators
from three to five was carried by 7o against 6(5. Other amendments were made on the 10th,
when the bill was ordered to be ingrossed. On the 8th of January, 1702-3, the bill was read
a third time, passed, and sent to the Lords, where it was read a first time on the following
day. On the IGth of January, it was read a second time and committed. On the 20th, the
report was Jjrought up, the bill was read a third time, and amendments being made it was
return(Hl to the Commons, who concurred in the amendments, and on the 23rd sent back
the bill to the Lords.— Connnons' Journals, xiv. 23, 27, ;V2, 3G, 45, 47, GO, 70, 7G. 77, lOG. 123,
128; Lords' Journals, xvii. 20G, 232, 243, 248, 249, 254. 320.

54 ANNE [1702-3

along the River Cham alias Grant to the River Ouzo and so down to the Town
and Harbour of Lynn Regis in the County of Norfolk the which hath been of
great use to the Counties thereunto adjacent Improvement of NaAdgation and
most convenient and necessary to and for the said University and TowTi of
Cambridge for the Conveyance thereby of Coals Iron Timber Fuel and other
Commodities and Necessaries to the said University and Tovra and other Places
aforesaid Avhereof there is now a great Deficiency and Want and far greater
hereafter like to grow if some timely and seasonable Help therefore be not
made and provided And whereas the said River of Cham by Length of Time
and for AVant of Locks Sluices and other necessary Works upon the said
River in convenient and fit Places is much silted and grown up and especi-
ally between the University and ToA\'n of Cambridge and a certain Place about
Seven Miles below the said Town in the said River called Clay-hithe alias
Clahive Ferry and the said Navigation to the said University and To^vn is
in Danger of being wholly lost and destroyed be it therefoke enacted by
the Queen's most Excellent Majesty by and with the Advice and Consent of
the Lords Spiritual and Temporal and Commons in this present Parliament
assembled and by the Authority of the same That the Chancellor of the said
University for the Time being or his Deputy and the Heads of the Colleges
of the said University for the Time being or in their Absence their Deputies
or major Part of them shall choose and nominate Three Persons who shall be
appointed and authorized for the said University and the Justices of the Peace
at the General Quarter Sessions of the Peace for the said County being no
ways interested in any of the Lands and Soil lying in or near the said River
shall choose and nominate Five(l) other Persons who shall be appointed and
authorized for the said County of Cambridge and the Mayor of the said Town
of Cambridge for the Time being or his Deputy and the Aldermen of the said
Town for the Time being or the major Part of them shall choose and nomi-
nate Three other Persons who shall in like Manner be appointed and autho-
rized for the said Town of Cambridge which Eleven Persons so to be chosen
and nominated as aforesaid and such other who shall be nominated in the
Places of them or any of them according as is herein after directed by this
Act from the Time of their being respectively chosen and appointed as afore-
said shall be and be called Conservators of the said River and they or the
major Part of them are hereby authorized and shall have Power by virtue of
this present Act to make navigable and passable for Barges Boats Lighters
and other Vessels the said River of Cham alias Grant from the said Place
called Clayhithe alias Clayhive Ferry to a certain Place called the Queen's
Mill in the said Town of Cambridge and for that Purpose to cleanse and open
or cause to be cleansed and opened the said River and to cut or dig the
Banks thereof and to cut do^^•n and remove all Trees and Roots of Trees
Wears or other Impediments that may hinder the Passage or Navigation on
the said River either in sailing or haling of Boats Lighters or other Vessels
with Horses Men or otherwise and also to open prepare and make all Wears
Sasses Locks Pens for Water and Turnpikes fit for the said Passage and like-
wise to cleanse scour open or cut and dig the Banks of any other Bank
Stream Ditch or Water Course falling into the said River that shall to them
seem necessary and convenient for the better making the said River na^i-
gable and passable as aforesaid and likewise to make and erect any Wharfs

(1) The bill as reported by the Committee of the House of Commons provided for the
election of only three County Conservators, but on bringing up the report an amendment for
increasing the number to live was carried by 73 againtt 6G.— Commons' Journals, xiv. 76.

1702-3] ANNE. 55

Sasscs Locks Turnpikes or Pens for Water in or near the said River or
Passage that shall be thought fit or necessary for the same and to bring lay
and work on the Lands adjoining to the said River all Materials requisite for
the making erecting and repairing of the said Sluces Pens for Water Wears
Sasscs Locks or Turnpikes upon the said River or Passage and to do all
other Things which shall by them or the major Part of them be adjudged
necessary or convenient for the said River and Passages Wharfs Sluces Locks
Wears Turnpikes and Pens for Water and for the altering repairing keeping
using and amending the same or any of them or any Part of them from time
to time and at all times hereafter as need shall be or require.

2. And to the end that the making the said River better navigable and
passable as aforesaid and the erecting and making the said Works or the
doing other Things in pursuance of this Act may not be prejudicial to the
Inheritance Possession or Profit of any Person or Persons Bodies Politick or
Corporate whatsoever that have any Lands Tenements or Hereditaments that
are adjoining unto the said River and Passages aforesaid or any of them be
it therefore enacted by the Authority aforesaid That the said Conservators before
they do meddle with any Lands or Hereditaments or the Profits thereof shall
first agree with the Person or Persons Bodies Politick or Corporate having
the Inheritance Possession or Profit thereof or Right of Common therein for
the Loss or Damage that they or any of them shall or may any way receive
or sustain by the making good the said Navigation or making or altering
the said Wharfs Sluces Wears Sasses Locks Turnpikes or Pens for Water or
Passages the said Agreement to be in Writing and under the Hands and Seals
of the said Conservators and other Parties concerned.

3. And if the said Conservators or the major Part of them and the Party
and Parties Owners of such Lands Inheritance or Possessions cannot agree
touching the Value thereof that then the Justices of Peace of the said County
of Cambridge or any Six of them not being Conservators nor being Parties
nor dwelling within the said University or Town nor interested in the Soil
or any the said Land or Inheritance so as aforesaid to be valued or in their
Default the Justice or Justices of Assize at the next Assize after such Default
to be held for the said County of Cambridge shall and may appoint any conve-
nient Time or Times Place or Places as they shall think fit of which Fourteen
Days public Notice to be given on a Sunday in the respective Parish Church
or Churches wherein the said Land or Lands shall be or lie immediately after
Divine Service and shall and may enquire by Examination of Witnesses upon
Oath which Oath the said Justices of the Peace or Justice or Justices of
Assize shall have Power to administer and upon such Enquiry shall determine
appoint and set down in Writing under their Hands and Seals what and how
much Satisfaction every such Person and Persons Bodies Politick and Corpo-
rate shall have and receive for or in respect of such Losses or Damages so by
him or them to be sustained not exceeding Five and twenty Years Purchase
of the Lands and Tenements to be cut digged or made use of according to
the true yearly Value thereof and the said Price or Value so set down by
them not exceeding Five and twenty Years Purchase as aforesaid shall bind
all Parties therein concerned in Possession Reversion Remainder or otherwise
and as well Infants Femme Coverts Commoners as others their Heirs in Fee
Simple Fee Tail their Executors Administrators and Assigns and all claim-
ing by and from him her or them or any of them which Agreement or Order
so made as aforesaid shall be registered in the Leiger Book of the said Uni-
versity and entered in the several and respective Courts of the Sessions of the

56 ANNE. [1702-3

said County and To\vn of Cambridge and shall be and be esteemed a Record
and then upon Payment of such Sum or Sums of Money so agreed upon or
ordered as aforesaid to the Person or Persons being Owners or Occupiers of
the Lands and Tenements so damnified and to the Clerk of the Peace of the
County of Cambridge for the Time being for the Use of the Persons ha^dng
Right of Common therein or Tender thereof made with Purpose to pay the
same and in case of Refusal after such Tender then upon Payment of the
Money so agreed upon into the Hands of the Clerk of the Peace of the said
County for the Time being for the Use of such Owners and Occupiers it shall
and may be lawful to and for the said Conservators or the major Part of
them their Agents and Servants to dig and make or cause to be digged and
made the said Wharfs Sluces Wears Locks Turnpikes Pens for Water or other
Engines or Devices for the Purposes aforesaid or do any such other Act for
which any such Agreement Order or Decree shall be made as aforesaid.

4. And whereas the said University County and Town of Cambridge are
the Promoters and Undertakers of meliorating and maintaining the said Pas-*
sage and Navigation be it therefore enacted by the Authority aforesaid That
the Conservators so to be nominated and appointed as aforesaid or the major
Part of them by virtue of this Act shall have Power and Authority from time
to time with the Consent of the Chancellor or his Deputy and Twelve of the
Heads of the said University for the Time being or their Deputies or the
major Part of them and the Chairman of such Sessions and Twelve of the
Justices of the Peace for the said County then present or the major Part of
them not interested as aforesaid and the Maior or his Deputy and Aldermen
of the said Town of Cambridge or the major Part of them to ordain and
make Orders and Constitutions for the good and orderly Usage of the said
River Passage and Passages and for all Banks Wharfs Sluces Locks Wears
Turnpikes Pen and Pens for Water and other Engines thereof at any Time
or Times hereafter to be made erected and maintained and for all Boats Boat-
men Passengers and Carriages by upon or through the said River Water or
Passage and all Things concerning the same and to set lay and execute such
reasonable Pains and Punishments as they shall think fit.

5. Provided always That the Justice or Justices of Assize for the said
County of Cambridge for the Time being or One of them upon Complaint to
them by any Person or Persons grieved with such Pains and Punishments or
any of them shall and may abridge moderate and reform the same as they
shall find just Cause.

6. And be it further enacted by the Authority aforesaid That it shall
and may be lawful to and for the Chancellor of the said University or his
Deputy and the Heads of the said University for the Time being or their
Deputies or the major Part of them from time to time at their Will and
Pleasure to choose and supply one or more Conservator or Conservators in
the Place or Places of any of the Conservators which shall be appointed for
the said University that shall happen to dye become unfit for the Service or
neglect or decline the same or whom they shall at any Time think fit to be
removed or changed and that it shall and may be lawful to and for the
Justices of the Peace at such General Quarter Sessions of the Peace for the
said County not interested as aforesaid or the major Part of them from time
to time at their Will and Pleasure to choose and supply One or more Con-
servator or Conservators in the Place of any of the Conservators for the said
County that shall dye or become unfit for the Service or neglect or decline
the same or whom they shall think fit to be removed or changed and that it

1702-3] ANNE. 5^

shall and may be lawful to and for the Mayor or his Deputy and Aldermen
of the said Town of Cambridge for the Time being or the major Part of
them from time to time at their "Will and Pleasure to choose and supply One
or more Conservator or Conservators in the Place or Places of any of the
said Conservators to be appointed for the said Town that shall dye or be-
come unfit for the Service or whom they shall think fit to be removed or
changed which said Conservator or Conservators so to be from time to time
chosen and supplied as aforesaid shall thenceforth have like Power and Au-
thority in all things as those Conservators which are first to be named chosen
and appointed as aforesaid expressly by virtue of this Act and shall never ex-
ceed the Number of Eleven and that the said Conservators and such as from
time to time for the future shall be supplied as aforesaid or the major Part
of them shall from time to time after the said Works shall be finished have
Power and Authority to survey the said River between the Queen's Mill in
the said Town of Cambridge and the said Place called Clayhithe alias Clay-
hive Ferry and all the Ditches Sewers and Streams running into the said
River and all Impediments and Annoyances in the same and to make like
Process to inquire thereof and to set such Fines and Penalties and to make
such Orders and Decrees for removing the same as any Commissioners of Sewers
by any Law Statute or Commission of Sewers are enabled to do in other Rivera
and Places,

7. And the said River between the said Queen's Mill and the said Place
called Clayhithe alias Clayhive Ferry and all Sasses Locks Wears Turnpikes
Pens for Water Engines and Devices erected for preserving and continuing
the said Navigation therein shall from henceforth be in the sole Rule Order
and Government of the said Conservators or the major Part of them and not
under the Survey or Order of any Commissioners of Sewers nor subject to any
Commission of Sewers Any Law or Statute to the contrary thereof in any wise
notAvithstanding .

8, And for as much as the cleansing and scouring the said River and
setting up of the Works and Devices for preserving the said Navigation and
the keeping up and repairing of the same will be of great Charge to the
said University County and ToAvn of Cambridge Be it further enacted by the
Authority aforesaid That for the reimbursing and discharging as well the
Principal Money to be advanced and expended in the restoring and preserv-
ing the said Navigation and in making keeping up and repairing the Banks
Wharfs Wears Turnpikes Locks Pens for Water and other Devices whatsoever
on the said River together with Interest for the same not exceeding the Rate
of Six Pounds per Centum per Annum together with all Charges of procur-
ing and obtaining this Act until the said Principal and Interest be repaid
there shall be paid by the Master or other Person having the Rule or Com-
mand of any Boat Barge Lighter or other Vessel carrying any Goods Wares
or Merchandizes whatsoever or any Passengers up or down the said River or
any Part thereof between the said University and Town of Cambridge and
the said Place called Clayhithe alias Clayhive Ferry such Tolls Duties and
Rates as the Conservators or the major Part of them shall from Time to
Time assess not exceeding the Rates and Prices following that is to say

For every Chalder of Coals Nine Pence

Every hundred of Deal Boards Two Shillings

Every Load or Ton of Timber One Shilling

Every Last of Wheat Rye or Mesledine Eighteen Pence

Every Last of Oats Barley or Malt One Shilling

VOL. IV. H

58 ANNE. [1702-3

Every Thousand of Bricks One Shilling

Every Thousand of Tiles Six Pence

Every Hundred of Sedge Two Pence

Every Ton of Stones or Pebbles One Shilling

Every Thousand of Turf Two Pence

Every Load or Twenty Hundred of Hay Six Pence

Every Last of Seeds One Shilling and Sixpence

Every Ton of Clay or Sand Six Pence

Every Hundred of Salt Fish One Shilling

Every Ton of Iron or Lead Two Shillings

Every Ton of Salt One Shilling

Every Ton of Wine Four Shillings

Every Ton of Oyl Vinegar Pitch Tar or Sope One Shilling

Every Ton of Butter or Cheese One Shilling

Every Hundred of Faggots Two Pence

Every Hundred of Billets Two Pence

Every Hundred of Hops Six Pence

Every Ton of Cyder Two Shillings

Every Hundred of Pales Barrel or Hogshead Staves One Peny

Passage Boats for each Passenger One Penny
And for every Ton Weight of other Goods Wares or Merchandizes what-
soever not herein before mentioned One Shilling and so proportionably and
pro Rata for every greater or lesser Quantity of the said respective Goods
Wares or Merchandizes before particularly mentioned or generally expressed.

9. Saving alwayes and reserving unto the Chancellor Masters and Scho-
lars of the said University and their Successors and also unto the Mayor Bay-
lifFs and Burgesses of the said Town of Cambridge and their Successors and
all and every Person or Persons all and singular Customs Tolls Duties Pri-
vileges Immunities Dockage Wharfage Right of Fishing within the River Cham
aforesaid and all other Rights and Liberties to them and either of them
severally appertaining and belonging or which they or either of them may or
might lawfully have and enjoy before the making of this Act.

10. And to the Intent that the Sums of Money to be paid as afore-
said may be duly collected and levyed for the Uses and Purposes afore-
said be it further enacted by the Authority aforesaid That it shall and
may be lawful to and for the Conservators so to be named appointed or
supplied as aforesaid or the major Part of them from time to time and
at all Times hereafter by and with the Consent and Approbation of the
Chancellor or his Deputy and Heads or their Deputies or the major
Part of them of the said University and the said Justices of the Peace at
such General Quarter Sessions of the Peace for the said County of Cam-
brige not interested as aforesaid or the major Part of them and the said
Mayor or his Deputy and Aldermen or the major Part of them of the said
Town of Cambridge to nominate and choose such Person or Persons to be
Collector or Collectors Receiver or Receivers of all and every the respec-
tive Sum and Sums of Money for the Tolls or Duties ordered or appointed
to be paid as aforesaid as they shall think fit All which said Sums of
Money the said Collector or Collectors Receiver or Receivers shall from
time to time and at furthest once in every Fourteen Days pay or cause to be
paid into the hands of a Treasurer to be named and appointed in such Manner
as the Collector or Collectors abovesaid are to be nominated and appointed
for the Intents and Purposes aforesaid the which Collector or Collectors Re-

1702-3] ANNE. ^

ceiver or Receivers Treasurer or Treasurers so to be named and appointed
as aforesaid shall give good Security to the said Conservators for the execut-
ing and performing the several Trusts to them to be committed in executing
their several Offices and shall also be altered and removed at the Will and
Pleasure of the Chancellor of the said University or his Deputy and the
Heads of Colleges in the said University for the Time being or their Deputies
or the major Part of them and the said Justices of the Peace at such General
Quarter Sessions of the Peace for the said County of Cambridge not interested
as aforesaid or the major Part of them and the Mayor or his Deputy and
Aldermen of the said Town of Cambridge or the major Part of them and
another or others chosen and appointed in his or their Room and Stead as
often as Occasion shall require,

11. And for as much as the Money to be raised by the several Tolls and
Duties before mentioned will not for a long Time raise such a Stock or Sum
of Moiiey as the Intents and Purposes by this Act to be effected will neces-
sarily require Be it therefore enacted by the Authority aforesaid That the
said Conservators or the major Part of them are hereby impowered by Inden-
ture under their Hands and Seals to assure and convey the Duties hereby
granted or any Part thereof as a Security for any Sum or Sums of Money by
them to be borrowed for the Ends and Purposes of this Act to any Person
or Persons who shall or will advance or lend any Sum or Sums of Money
upon the said Security so that the Conservators be not charged or charge-
able in their Persons or Estates with such Moneys as shall be advanced
or lent upon the said Duties and Rates by virtue of this Act All which
said Money so to be borrowed shall be employed for and towards the re-
storing and continuing the Navigation of the said River within the Limits
aforesaid according to the true Intent and Meaning of this Act together
with all such necessary and reasonable Charges as have been at any Time
expended for procuring and obtaining of this Act.

12. Provided always That the said Duties hereby granted be not at any
Time conveyed or made Security, for or charged with any greater or further
Sum than Two thousand Pounds at any one Time.

13. And be it further enacted by the Authority aforesaid That from and
after the said Principal Money advanced and by them expended in the re-
storing and preserving the said Navigation in the said River and the In-
terest for the same shall be paid off and discharged that then the said
Conservators or the major Part of them shall yearly afterwards at the Time
of the stating and settling the Accounts of Receipts and Disbursements of
the Moneys received and expended in and about the said Navigation lay
the Accounts before the Auditors for that Purpose to be appointed as herein
after is mentioned who shall cast up and compute what Sum or Sums of
Money shall be requisite (together with the Surplusage of the Profits of
the preceding Year if any be) for the defraying and discharging what was
in disburse the Year preceding if any thing were together with the necessary
Charges and Expences of preserving repairing and keeping up the Works En-
gines and Devices upon or about the said River within the Limits aforesaid
and of all other incident Charges in or about the same for the ensueing
Year and to assesse charge and rate all and singular the Goods Wares Mer-
chandizes and Commodities before by this Act ratable as aforesaid with such
Proportions of the said Duties as may according to their said Computation
answer that End.

14. And to the Intent that all and every the Sum and Sums of Money
which shall be collected and levied by virtue of this Act may be imployed to

QQ ANNE, [1702-3

the Use3 aforesaid and for which the same arc intended Be it enacted by the
Authority aforesaid That the Conservators so to be chosen and appointed as
aforesaid shall have the Inspection and take account as often as they shall
think fit of the Receipts and Disbursements of all such moneys as shall be
so collected and levied by virtue of this Act and they or any Six or more of
them shall and may from time to time call before them the Treasurers Col-
lectors Receivers and all others who shall be intrusted with the Collection
Receipt or Imployment of the Moneys to be collected and received in pursu-
ance of this Act who shall and are by virtue of this Act required to render
unto the said Conservators so to be chosen appointed or supplied as afore-
said or any Six or more of them a true Account thereof and of all and every
Sum and Sums which shall rest due upon such Account.

15. And the said Conservators or any Six or more of them shall and may
order and appoint all Moneys that shall be in the Hands of such Treasurer
or any Part thereof and also all such Moneys as shall rest due on such Ac-
count to bo laid out and expended for and towards the Uses and Purposes
aforesaid as there shall be cause and the Chancellor of the said University
for the Time being or his Deputy and the Chairman of the then preceeding
Sessions of the Peace for the said County of Cambridge and the Mayor of
the said Town of Cambridge for the Time being or his Deputy or any of them
are hereby enabled and required to administer an Oath to every such Collector
or Collectors Receiver and Receivers as shall be nominated and chosen as
aforesaid for the true and faithful executing his or their Offices in and about
the Premisses according to the true Intent and meaning of this Act.

16. Provided that the said Collector and Collectors Receiver and Receiver^
to be nominated and chosen as aforesaid and all other Officers Agents and
Servants imployed or to be imployed in the said Works and every of them
shall from time to time be allowed for their Trouble and Pains in executing
the said Offices and Places and attending and performing the Matters relating
thereunto out of the Sums so to be collected and received for the Tolls and
Duties aforesaid so much as the Conservators by Consent of the said Chan-
cellor or his Deputy and Heads of the said University for the Time being or
their Deputies or the major Part of them and the said Justices of the Peace
at such General Quarter Sessions of the Peace for the said County of Cam-
bridge not interested as aforesaid or the major Part of them and the said
Mayor and Aldermen of the said Town of Cambridge or his Deputy for the
Time being or the major Part of them shall think fit.

17. And be it further enacted by the Authority aforesaid That it shall
and may be lawful to and for the said Collector and Collectors Receiver and
Receivers for the Time being their Agents Deputies and Servants and every
or any of them from time to time to enter into any Boat Barge Lighter or
Vessel being in any Place or Places between the Queen's Mill aforesaid and
the said Place called Clayhithe alias Clayhivc Ferry to see and inform him
or themselves what Goods "Wares or Merchandizes and of what Quality Nature
and Kind and what Quantity or Contents and what Passengers there shall or
may be in the same respectively and to ask for and demand the Sum or Sums
of Money so ordered and appointed to be paid as aforesaid for the Tolls or
Duties for the same.

18. And in case the several and respective Sum and Sums so ordered and
appointed to be paid as aforesaid and every Part thereof be not paid by the
Master Owner or other Person or Persons being on board or having the Rule
or Command of any Boat or other Vessel riding or being on the said River
or any Part thereof within the Limits or Boundaries aforesaid that then and

1702-3] ANNE. gl

so often it shall and may be lawful to and for the said Collector and Col-
lectors Receiver and Receivers their Deputies and Servants and every or any
of them to stay and hinder the Passage of such Boat Barge Lighter and
other Vessel and by Warrant obtained from any one or more of the Justices
of the Peace for the said County or Town for the Time being under his or
their Hand and Seal to take and distrain every such Boat Barge Lighter or
other Vessel and all Tackle Apparel and Furniture thereunto belonging or
the Goods that shall be in the same or any Part tliereof and the same to
detain and keep until he or they be satisfied and paid the Sum or Sums of
Money due for the Tolls or Duties arising or growing from such Goods "Wares
or Merchandizes by virtue of this Act and his Charges and in case of Neglect
or Delay of or in payment of the said Sum or Sums of Money growing due
and payable for the Tolls and Duties aforesaid within Two Days after any Dis-
tress or Distresses so taken that then it sjiall and may be lawful to and for the
said Collector and Collectors Receiver and Receivers their Servants or Agents
and every or either of them to sell the Distress or Distresses so taken or any
Part thereof Appraisement thereof being first made according to the Directions
of the Act of Parliament for selling Distresses for Rent and thereout to satisfie
him or themselves as well for and concerning the Duties so unpaid and dis-
trained for as also for his and their reasonable Charge and Charges in taking
keeping and selling such Distress or Distresses rendring to the Master Owner
or other Person or Persons having the Rule and Command of the said Boat
Barge Lighter or other Vessel in or for which such Distress or Distresses
shall be taken as aforesaid the Overplus if any such there be.

19. And to the end that the said River may be cleansed and the Naviga-
tion thereof made good with as much Thrift and good Husbandry as may
consist with the effectual and substantial Performance thereof and that there
may be no Misapplication of the Moneys by this Act to be raised collected
and received nor of any Part thereof be it further enacted by the Authority
aforesaid That once in every Year (viz.) upon the ^irst Tuesday next and
immediately after Commencement Tuesday of the said University the Inspec-
tion shall be had of the Receipts and Disbursements of all such Moneys as
shall or may be collected or received by virtue of this Act to the Day of the
Feast of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary then next before and
all Accounts relating to the same shall be then or within Twenty Days after
made^ up and settled before the Auditors for that Purpose or any Four of
them in the Vestry of the Church of St. Mary's the Great in Cambridge
aforesaid which Auditors shall be the Chancellor of the said University for
the Time being or his Deputy and the Chairman of the then preceding
Sessions of the Peace for the said County of Cambridge the Mayor of the
said Town of Cambridge for the Time being or his Deputy One of the Heads
of Colleges of the University to be from time to time appointed by the Chan-
cellor or his Deputy and the Heads of Colleges in the said University or
their Deputies or the major Part of them and One of the Justices of the
Peace for the said County to be from time to time appointed by the said
Justices of the Peace for the said County at the General Quarter Sessions or
the major Part of them and one of the Aldermen of the said Town to be
from time to time appointed by the Mayor or his Deputy and the Aldermen
of the said Town or the major Part of them at which Time and Times the
Conservators to be appointed as aforesaid and also the Treasurer Collector
and Collectors Receiver and Receivers of the said Duties are hereby required
to attend with all their Accounts of Receipts and Disbursements and all

(32 ANNE. [1702-3

Vouchers for the same which said Auditors or any Four of them for the
Time being upon Consideration and Examination upon Oath of the said Ac-
counts (which Oath the Chancellor or Deputy or Mayor or Deputy are hereby
impowered to administer) and on their auditing the same are hereby im-
powered to allow and pass the said Account and Accounts as they shall think
fit or such Part or Parts of the same as they or the major Part of them
shall think just or reasonable the Avhich Account or Accounts so audited as
aforesaid or such Part or Parts of them as shall be audited and allowed by
the Auditors or any Four of them under their Hands shall be fairly entred
into Three several Books to be kept for that Purpose one whereof shall be
kept among the Evidences of the said University another among the Records
of the Sessions of the Peace for the said County of Cambridge and the other
shall remain in and among the Records of the Sessions of the Peace of the
said Town of Cambridge the which said Book and Books shall and may be
inspected and perused by any Person or Persons requiring the same without
any Fee or other Reward to be paid therefore.

20. And forasmuch as the Passage on the said River from the said Place
called Clayhithe alias Clayhive Ferry unto the said Queen's Mill within the
University and Town of Cambridge is against the Stream so that the said
Barges Boats Lighters and other Vessels must of Necessity in some Places
and at some Times be drawn and haled up by the Strength of Men and Horses
Be it therefore enacted by the Authority aforesaid That it shall and may be
lawful to and for the Water Men Lighter Men Boat Men and Barge Men and
other Helpers of them in convenient Places and such as the said Conserva-
tors or the major Part of them shall limit or appoint to have and use Winches
Ropes and other Engines and with the same and by Strength of Men and
Horses or either of them to go upon the Land or Banks near the said River
or Passage without any Hindrance Let Trouble or Impeachment of any Per-
son or Persons and to draw or hale up the Barges Boats Lighters or other
Vessels doing no other Harm than only by going or treading upon the
said Land or Banks near adjoyning and limitted and appointed by the said
Conservators or the major Part of them as aforesaid.

21. And for preventing of all Damages and Mischiefs that may be done or
committed by rude and disorderly Persons managing or imployed in the said
Barges Boats Lighters or other Vessells and that the Owners and Masters
thereof may be more careful to prevent the same Be it enacted by the Au-
thority aforesaid That every Owner and Master of any Lighter Boat or other
Vessel or Vessels that shall pass up and down the said River shall be and
is hereby made answerable and responsible for any Damage or Mischief that
shall be done by his Boat Lighter or other Vessel or Vessels or by the whole
or any Part of the Crew thereof to any of the Sluces Locks Stanches Turn-
pikes Pens for Water or any other of the Works or Engines of or belonging
to the said River or for any Trespass or damage done to the OA\Tier or Pos-
sessor of any Lands near or adjoyning to the said River otherwise than is
authorized by this Act or contrary to the true Meaning thereof And the said
Master or Owner of the said Barges Boats Lighters or other Vessels shall
and may be sued and prosecuted for the same as if it were a Trespass actur
ally committed by himself and if found guilty the Plaintiff shall not only
recover the Damages thereby sustained but also full Costs of Suit.

22. And be it further enacted by the Authority aforesaid That if any
Action Bill Plaint or Suit be brought in any of Her Majesty's Courts at
AVestrainster or elsewhere against any Person or Persons for or concerning

1702-3] ANNE. gg

any Matter or Thing by him them or any of them to bo done advised or
commanded to be done by virtue of this Act or any thing herein contained
that it shall and may be lawful to and for every such Person and Persons
and for all that act in their Aid or Assistance or by their Commandment to
plead the General Issue and if in Replevin to justify or avow by virtue of
this Act as Persons acting by Authority of Commissioners of Sewers are en-
abled to do and to give this Act or any thing herein contained in Evidence
to the Jury that shall try the same to maintain their said Plea and shall
thereupon take Advantage as if the same had been by them fully and well
pleaded.

23. Provided nevertheless That the Tops and uppermost Part of all and
every the Wears Sasses and Pens for Water to be made or set up in the said
River by virtue of this Act shall be lower by a Foot than the Tops and up-
permost Parts of the Soyle of the Land which are next adjoining to the said
Works.

24. And be it further enacted by the Authority aforesaid That it shall
and may be lawful to and for the Vice Chancellor of the University of Cam-
bridge or his Deputy at all and every Time and Times hereafter in the Ab-
sence of the Chancellor of the said University to do perform and execute all
and every such Acts Powers and Things as the said Chancellor is by this
Act authorized enabled and impowered to do in case he was present Any
thing in this Act to the contrary notwithstanding.

25. And for preventing any Obstructions or Delays in effecting the Purposes
by this Act before appointed be it further enacted by the Authority aforesaid
That it shall and may be lawful to and for the said Conservators or the
major Part of them at a Meeting to be had for that Purpose to nominate
and choose such Person or Persons as they shall think fit to be Collector or
Collectors Receiver or Receivers and Treasurer of the Moneys to be raised
by the Tolls and Duties aforesaid and also to ordain and make Orders and
Constitutions for the good and orderly Usage of the said River and Passage
and the Banks and Works and for all Boats Boat Men and Carriages passing
by upon or through the said River or Passage.

26. Provided always That it shall and may be lawful for the said Chan-
cellor or in his Absence the Vice Chancellor or his Deputy and Twelve of the
Heads of the said University or the major Part of them and the Chairman
of the said Sessions and Twelve of the Justices of the Peace of the said
County or the major Part of them and the Mayor or his Deputy and Alder-
men of the said To^^^l of Cambridge or the major Part of them for that Pur-
pose assembled or the major Part of them so assembled to alter or vacate
such Orders and Constitutions and make others and from time to time to re-
peal vacate or alter the same and also to remove and change such Collector
or Collectors Receiver or Receivers and Treasurer or any of them and put
other or others in his or their said Office or Offices and Place or Places Any
thing herein before contained to the contrary thereof in any wise notwith-
standing.(l)

An act for granting subsidies for carrying on the war against
France and Spain, which received the royal assent on the 27th
of February, contains a proviso exempting from charge any Master,
fellow, scholar or exhibitioner of any College or Hall, or any reader,

(1) stilt. 1 Ann. stilt. 2, c. 11.

64 ANNE. [1703

officer or minister of cither of the two Universities, or of any Col-
lege or Hall for and in respect of their stipends, wages, profits, or
exhibitions arising or growing due to them in respect of their seve-
ral places and employments in such Universities Colleges or Halls.(i)

1703.

On the 26th of June, a commission for the repair of the Great
Bridge was directed to Charles Duke of Somerset, Wriothesley
Duke of Bedford, Edward Earl of Orford, Sir John Cotton, Sir
Henry Pickering Baronets, all the Heads of Colleges by name,
Granado Piggott, John Millicent, Thomas Sclater, Anthony Thomp-
son Esquires, Miles Barnes D.D., William Cooke LL.D., and all
the Aldermen by name. On the 17th of August, a jury made
a presentment of the lands liable to the charge of repairing the
bridge, and on the 14th of October, the Commissioners imposed
a tax on such lands after the rate of 30s. per hide.(2)

At a Common Day held on the 16th of August, the Corpora-
tion ordered that the pesthouses on Coldham's Common should
be taken down and that the materials should be sold.(3)

On the 16th of August, died Thomas Bainbrig D.D. Rector of
Orwell and sometime Vicemaster of Trinity College. He was born
at Cambridge, 26th of June, 1636, and was the son of Richard
Bainbrig and Rose his wife. He took the degree of M.A. by royal
mandate in 1661, and in 1684 the degree of D.D. also by royal
mandate. He was sometime vicar of Chesterton, and in 1687, pub-
lished, " An Answer to a Book entitled Reason and Authority or
" the motives of a late Protestant's Reconciliation to the Catho-
" lich Church together with a brief account of Augustine the Monk
" and Conversion of the English. In a letter to a Friend."(4) Dr.
Bainbrigg was buried in Trinity College Chapel, where is a monu-
mental inscription(5) to his memory .(6)

" About the middle of the Year 1703, it was propos'd to seve-
" ral of the Ministers of the Town of Cambridge (who were all of
" them Members of the University also) to make an Attempt for
" the Erecting of Charity Schools : and upon their ready and
" cheerful Consent the Design was immediately communicated to

(1) Stat. 1 Ann. stat. 2, c. 17, s. 57.

(2) Pontage Book, 99, 100, 102.

(3) Corporation Common Day Book.

(4) London, 4to. 1687. Vide Vol. iii. p. 614. n. (5)

(5) With these arms. On a chevron between tlirec martlets, as many stags heads caboshed ;
crest, a stag's liead erased.

(6) MS. Baker, xxxiv. 3.01 •. Bloinefii-'kl, Collectanea C'untubrigiensia, 111.

1703] ANNE; q^.

" some of the Heads of the University, and particularly soon after
** to the Reverend tlie Arch-deacon ;(i) and after that to the Right
*' Reverend the Bishop,(-) for their Approbation, Dirqction, and,
" Assistance. In all which Places this Design met with a great
"and suitable Encouragement; and with Promises of a willino-
*' Contribution towards its support and continuance. Upon this
<* hopeful and promising Foundation the Ministers and Lecturers
" had frequent Meetings and Consultations for the carrying on
*' and compleating the Design. They Ordered some Rules and
** Orders for Themselves, and for the Schools (3) to be prepar'd.
*• And when these were drawn up, corrected, and approv'd by
" Themselves, and such of the University as were pleas'd to assist
*' and advise them therein, They took care that they should be
'• presented to the Right Reverend their Diocesan for his Lord-
" ship's final Allowance and Approbation : Which when they had
" obtain'd, together with his Promise of a liberal Subscription for
** the Encouragement of the Design, they proceeded to the soli-
*' citing of Subscriptions and Contributions both in the Uni-
** versity and Town ; adding every one their own Subscriptions
<* also, and taking care to look out for fit Masters and Mis-
" tresses in order to the due Care and Instruction of those
*' Poor Children this Charity was intended for. And, in fine,
<« they carried on the Work with such Application, and met with
*' such good Success in the Contributions, that by Christmas that
** year, they found themselves enabled actually to choose a suffi-
** cient Number of Masters and Mistresses ; and to provide for

(1) Dr. Bentley.

(2) Dr. Patrick.

(3) " The Short and Fundamental Rules and Orders for the Charity-Schools
' in Cambridge.

" The Design of these Schools is to Train up Poor Children in the Knowledge and Prac-
' tice of the Christian Religion, as proless'd and taught in the Church of England : and to
teach them such other things as are most suitable to their condition.
" In order to which, School-Masters and Mistresses are to be appointed and directed by
the Ministers and Lecturers in the Town and Liberty of Cambridge ; with the Licence
and Approbation of the Bishop of the Diocese.

" These Masters and Mistresses are to teach all the children to say the Church-Catechism,
and such Collects or Prayers in the Church Liturgy (together with short Graces) as the
Ministers and Lecturers shall judge proper to be us'd by them in the Schools and at Home.
They are also to take care that all the Children be brought to Church twice every Lord's-
Day at the beginning of Divine Service.

" The Boys are to be taught to Read, Write, and Cast Account. The Girls to Read, Write
and Work.

" The Ministers and Lecturers are to meet every Quarter to take care of the good Govern-
ment of the Schools, and some of them every Month are to examine into tlie Improvement
of the Children in the several particulars above-mentioned ; and to hear them say, and in-
struct tliem in the Church-Catechism in some Parisli Church.

" The Ministers and Lecturers are also to take care that a fair Account be kept of all Re-
ceipts and Disbursements ready for the view of all the Contributors or of others, who may
have reason to desire to know how this Charity is dispos'd of."

VOL. IV. I

5(5 ANNE. [1704

" the Education of about 260 Poor Children. "(i) This number was
shortly afterwards increased to 300, who were divided into six
schools each having a separate master or mistress.(2) A writing
master was also appointed for all the schools in common, and fifty
children were clothed as well as educated.(3)

On the night of the 26th of November, occurred the greatest
storm ever known in England. -' Part of King's-Colledge Chapel
*' fell down ; part of Katharine's-Hall's New Chapel was damni-
" fied ; Fifteen Stacks of Chimnies fell down into St. John's-Col-
*' legde, without hurting any Body, but Two or Three miraculously
" escaped. St. Petev's-Colledge was much damnify'd, and a Stack of
" Chimnies fell into the Vice-Chancellor's Chamber,!^) but was so far
" from hurting that he was not awaken'd by it."(5)

1704.

On the 20th of August, Dr. Bramston, Vicechancellor, Dr. Smoult,
Dr. Richardson, Dr. Ashton, and Dr. Johnson, deputed by the Uni-

(1) " A Sermon Preach'd at Trinity-Church in Cambridg'e, January the 25th, 1704-5, being
" the Conversion of St. Paul. At which Time and Place the several Teachers of the Charity-
" Schools, lately Erected in Cambridge appcar'd, with the Poor Children under their Care,
" in Number about Three Hundred. To which is added A Particular Account of the said
" Charity-Schools. By William Whiston, M A. Professor of the Mathematicks in the Uni-
" versity of Cambridge."

(2) On the 24th of March, 1703-4, it was agreed that the number of scholars out of the
several parishes, and the teachers be according to the following table:—

St. Botolph's 26

Little St, Marie's 20 ;

St. Benedict's 19

St. Edward's 19

Great St. Marie's 20) ^

Trinity 30 ( ^

St. Andrew's, Cambridge 27) .r.

St. Andrew's, Barnwell 13 i ^"^

St. Gyles's

St. Peter's

All Saints 25 ^ „-

St. Michael's 12) *"

St. Clement's 25) .«

St. Sepulchre's 18 J ^'^

Total 300

The Masters and Mistresses were allowed 10s. per annum for each scholar, and the
Writing Master 2s, per annum for each scholar.

This system appears to have continued until 1813, when the funds ofthese schools, by that
time called " The Old Charity Schools," were made available for the support of schools esta-
blished in connection with the National Society.

(3) Charles Otway LL.D., of St. John's College, about 1720, gave £300.

John Covel Cook of Christ's College, gave £100. in 1722, and at his death in 1724, he be-
queathed £50. , „ ^ , , ,

William Worts Esq., bequeathed £30. per annum to these schools.

Sir Isaac Newton contributed £10. In 1724, Thomas Lynfokd D.D. of Christ's Col-
lege, bequeathed the like sum.

Mr. Haslop bequeathed £40. in 1729, Ann Robson bequeathed £50. and Dr. Tillotson
in 1738, bequeathed £20.

(4) The Vicechancellor who slept so soundly during this dreadful storm was Dr. George
Bramston Master of Trinity Hall. It appears that the chamber referred to was in St.
Peter's Colle<^e, and not in his own college. (Compleat Hist, of Europe for the Year 1710,
The Remarkables, p. 32.)

(5) Compleat History of Europe for the Year 1703, p. 515.

1704] ANNE. ^

versity presented the following Address to the Queen at Windsor
Castle. They were introduced to Her Majesty by Lord Godolphin
Lord High Treasurer : —

May it please your Majesty.

We your majesty's most Dutiful & Loyal Subjects, the Chancellor, Masters
& Scholars, of your University of Cambridge, do beg leave to tender our most
sincere and humble thanks for your Princely Benificence and liberality to the
poor Clergy of the Church of England, by which, one of the grounds of the
contempt thereof mil in a good measure be removed, Rehgion and learning
set in a much higher degree of Esteem & Reputation than it has been for
many years past.

We also humbly beg leave to make use of this Access to your Royal pre-
sence, to congratulate your Majesty upon the late glorious Victory, that has
attended your Arms under the Avise and vigilant conduct of the Duke of Marl-
borough, who has advanced the Honour of the Enghsh Nation beyond most
of our renowned Generals.

The Reigns of our most fortunate Princes afford not so many great &
surprising Actions, such prosperity and happiness, as the few years your Ma-
jesty has sat upon the Throne has blessed us with.

We have nothing more to pray and wish for but your Majesty's long life,
and a continuation of these great & signal Successes ; which we shall not
doubt of, under your Majesty's most Auspicious influence, and while your
Armies are led by so valiant and successful Generals.(l)

On the 1st of September, the new chapel of Catharine Hall was
consecrated by Dr. Patrick Bishop of Ely.(2) A sermon waa

(1) London Gazette, 17 Aug. 1704.

(2) The Petition and Act of Consecration are subjoined : —

" The Humble Petition of the Master and Fellows of the College or Hall of
" St. Katharine the Virgin in the University of Cambridge. To the Right
" Reverend Father in God, Symon Lord Bishop of Ely, for the Consecration
" of their New Chappel.
" Right Reverend Father, in God.
♦• In the Name of Us, the Master and Fellows of the College or Hall of St. Katharine
" the Virgin, in the Universitv of Cambridge, I, William Dawes, Master of the said
" College, do humbly represent unto your Lordship, That, Whereas the said College or
" Hall was, by Length of Time, so very much decayed in most of its Buildings, (the
" Chappel as well as others) that it was necessary to rebuild the same, and the same
" could not be built in a regular and uniform manner, without altering the situation ol
" the Chappel of the said College: And, Whereas upon these Considerations, We have
" (being enabled thereunto by the liberal Contribution of many Worthy Benefactors)
" erected a Chappel, in a new place, much more convenient and decent for the publick
" Worship of God in the said College or Hall : Now We the said Master and Fellows do
•• become humble Suitors to your Lordship as God's Minister, as a Bishop of his Church,
•• and in his stead, to decree this Chappel to be severed from all common and profane
" Uses, and so to sever it. As also by the Word of God and Prayer, and other Spiritual
" and Religious Duties, to Dedicate and Consecrate it to the Sacred Name of God, .and
" to his Service and Worship only : Promising for our Selves and our Successors, that
" "We will ever hold it as an Holy Place, even as God's House, and use it accordingly,
" and that We will from time to time, and ever hereafter, as need shall be, see it con-
" veniently repaired and decently furnished, in such sort as a Chappel ought to be, and
" duly say Divine Service in the same at the times appointed, and perform all other such
" Offices and Duties, as by the Canons of the Church and the Laws of the Realm, every
«' College is bound to perform. . , ^ „ tt n

«' In witness whereof, We the said Master and Fellows of the said College or Hall,
" have caused the Common Seal of the said College or Kail to be hereunto affixed, the
" first day of September, in the Third Year of the Reign of our most Gracious Sovereign
" Lady Anne, by the Grace of God, of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, Queen,
" Defender of the Faith, &c. Annoq. Domini, 1704." . t- . ,

"In Nomine Dei: Amen. Nos Symon, permissione divina Eliensis Episcopus banc
" Capellam, in Aula Sancta- Catharinte Cantabrigian, do novo jam constructam & cdifica-
" tam, contincntem intra niuros cjusdcm in lonaitudine, ab Oncnte ad Occidentem, sc-p-

68 ANNE. [1704

"preached on the occasion by John Leng B.D.(i) fellow of the so-
ciety afterwards Bishop of Norwich.

On the 12th of October,(2) the Corporation seal was affixed to the
following address, which was soon afterwards presented to the
Queen by Daniel Love the Mayor, who was introduced by the
Earl of Orford : —

To THE Queen's most Excellent Majesty.

We yOiir Majesty's most dutiful & loyal Subjects, the Mayor, High Stew-
ard, Recorder, Deputy Recorder, Aldermen, Common-Council, & Burgesses
of this your ancient Borough of Cambridge, do presume to offer our acknow-
ledgements to your Sacred Majesty for the great care that is taken in all
your Affairs, which is no small satisfaction to your good people ; for its main-
taining a credit at home, that will support us abroad: It hath had such an
influence already on your Arms, under the conduct of his Grace the Duke of
Marlborough, that your Soldiers have even exceeded the former Courage of
Englishmen.

'Tis by your success that we may iassure ourselves, that you are designed
to humble unruly and haughty Princes, & to support the Balance of Europe.

May your designs ever prosper ; May your reign be long and happy ; May
the Church of England flourish under your protection ; and may the succes-
sion of the Crown in the Protestant line, as by Law established, be always
sacred, & inviolable ; may your Subjects never be failing in their duty ; and
may no discords arise amongst ourselves, to give you any uneasiness ; and
then there will be nothing to be desired, but the blessings of Pcace.(3)

By the charter incorporating " The Governors of the Bounty
" of Queen Anne, for the augmentation af the maintenance of the
" poor Clergy," which bears date the 3rd of November, the
Chancellors and Vicechancellors of the two Universities of Oxford
and Cambridge then a,nd for the time being were appointed gover-
nors.(4)

" tuaginta & duos pedes aut circiter, in latitudine vero, ab Aquilone ad Austnim, viginti
•' sex pedes & dimidium aut circiter, Divino Cultui & Divinorum Celebrationi, & tam
" ad Sacramenta & Sacramentalia in eadem administranda, quam ad preces Deo fundendas
" & verbum Dei pure & sincere proponendum & prfedicandum, ac ad mortuos (si sit
" necesse & visum fuerit) inhumandos & sepeeicndos : ac caetera omnio Sacra, Rcligiosa ac
" Divina perficienda, quse de jure divino ac etiam Legibus, Sanctionibus & Constitutioni-
" bus Ecclesiee nostrte Anglicana; in ea parte sunt requisita & necessaria (ac si sigillatini
" in praesentibus essent specificata) modo & Forma in similibus jam de jure usitatis &
" usitandis, in Dei lionorem, Animarum salutem & usus Sacros hiijus Collegii & aliorum
" in hanc domum Convenientium ScCongregantium, quantum in nobis est & de jure legibus
"& statutis hujus Inclyti Regni Anglise possumus & nobis licit; Consecramus & Dedi-
" CAMUS, in nomine Patris, Filii & Spiritus Sancti Atque sic Consecratam, Dedicatam &
" Assignatam, Deo Optimo Maximo esse, & iu futuris temporibus ita remanere debere,
'♦' palam & publice Pronunciamus & Declaramus : Omnesque & singulos qui eam consulto
" & de industria polluent, aut ad profanos usus transferent, tanquam sacrileges Anathema-
" tizandos Decemimus.

" In cujus rei Testimonium, Sigillum nostrum Episcopale prsesentibus Apposuimus,
•' hoc primo die mensis Septembris, Anno Domini millesimo septingentesimo quarto :
" Annoque Regni Dominae nostra; Annos Dei gratia Angliise Scotias Francia3 & Hibernia?
" Reginee, Fidei defensoris, &c. Tertio : Nostrseque Translationis Anno decimo quarto."
— Form of Consecration appended to Mr. Leng's Sermon.

(1) Published at Cambridge, 4to. 1704.

(2) Corporation Common Day Book.

(3) London Gazette, 26 Oct. 1704.

(4) Compleat Hist, of Europe, for the Year 1704, p 603.

1704] ANNE 69

About the beginning of November, died Thomas Plume D.D. Arch-
deacon of Rochester, sometime of Christ's College. By his will,
dated the 2nd of September this year, he directed his executors
to pay to Dr. Covell Master of Christ's College, Dr. Bentley
Master of Trinity College, Francis Thompson D.D. of Caius College,
and William Whiston the Lucasian Professor, the sum of £1000.
he had in the bank, also £700. and £202. 125. 2d., Orphan's
Stock, in the Chamber of London, to erect an Observatory, and
to maintain a professor of astronomy and experimental philosophy,
and to buy or build a house with or near the same, and he willed
that the principal money should not be removed from the bank
till a good purchase had been made with it. The trustees, shortly
after Dr. Plume's death, purchased (with the approbation of the
Court of Chancery) an estate at Balsham in Cambridgeshire, nomi-
nated the learned Roger Cotes fellow of Trinity College to the
professorship, and entered into an arrangement for the appropria-
tion of the rooms and leads of the King's Gate of Trinity Col-
lege to the purposes of an observatory and a lodging for the pro-
fessor .(i) On the 14th of January, 1706-7, the trustees (with the
sanction of Sir John Ellis Master of Caius College, Sir Isaac New-
ton and John Flamstead Astronomer Royal, with whom they were
required by Dr. Plume's will to advise), framed statutes rela-
tive to this professorship. These were confirmed by letters patent
under the great seal bearing teste the 11th of June, 1707. By
these statutes the election of all future professors is vested in
the Vicechancellor, the Masters of Trinity, Christ's, and Caius Col-
leges and the Lucasian Professor, but if any of the Masters of
these Colleges should be Vicechancellor, the Master of St. John's
College is to be an elector in his stead. All persons are ren-
dered eligible whether single or married, natives or foreigners.(2)
On the 9th of November, the Queen conferred the titles of Mar-
quess and Duke of Cambridge on George Augustus the Electoral

(1) " Wee the Master and Seniors of Trinity College in Cambridg-e doe covenant and
" agree with the Trustees or Electors for the Professorship of Astronomy and Experimental
•' Philosophy lately founded by Dr. Plume ; that Koger Cotes, fellow of this College, now
" nominated to the said Professorship, and all his successors after him, of what College or
" place soever they shall be, shall have the roomes and leads of the King's Gate of this Col-
" lege, for a Dwelling and Observatory soe long as the Trustees and Electors of the said
" Professorship shall think fit; the Professor, paying from time to time ten pounds per an-
" num to the Fellow, whose chamber it shall be in the College course. Provided always,
" while they shall uso the King's Gate for the Observatory, that the Scholar appointed to be
" the Professor's Assistant and to lodg in the same dwelling with him, be one of this Col-
" lege, to be chosen by the Professor Avith the consent of the Master. In testimony
'♦ whereof we have affixed hereunto the College Scale the nynth day of February, anno
" Domini, 170!>."

(2) Lit. Pat. 11 Jun. G Ann. ; Monk, Life of Bcntlov, i. 202; Gunning, Ceremonies of
Uuiv. ofCamb. 307.

70 ANNE. [1705

Prince of Hanover, \\'ho on the 11th of June, 1727, ascended the
throne as King George the Second.(n

1705.

On the 2nd of April, the Senate passed a grace for borrowing
£500. for the entertainment of the Queen,(2) and the next day the
Corporation resolved to borrow £100. to defray the charge of the
Queen's reception, her Majesty being expected on the 16th.(3)

On the 12th of April, the Queen being at Newmarket, " Dr.
" Ellis, Vice-Chancellor of the University of Cambridge waited upon
" Her Majesty, attended by the University in a Body, in their
" Formalties, being introduc'd by his Grace the Duke of Somerset,
*' their Chancellor. The Vice-Chancellor made a Speech to Her Ma-
" jesty, in the Name of the University, full of Expressions of their
" Duty and Affection for Her Majesty's Person, and Zeal for Her
" Government: To which Her Majesty was graciously pleas 'd to re-
*' turn the following Answer : —

" Mr. Vice-Chancellor,

" The Expressions of your Duty and Affection are very accep-
** table to Me : I shall be very glad upon all Occasions to give
*' you any Marks of my Kindness to the University.

" They having then had the Honour to kiss Her Majesty's Hand,
" humbly desired Her Majesty to Honour them with Her Pre-
*' sence at Dinner; and Her Majesty was graciously pleas'd to ac-
" cept their Invitation. Mr. Vice-Chancellor, and the other mem-
" bers of the University, waited likewise upon the Prince, and
" made their Compliments to his Royal Highness ; who, in his
" Answer, was pleased to assure them of his Affection and Value
*' for the University* They were all, by Order from Her Majesty,
*' Entertained at Dinner by the Officers of the board of Green-Cloth,
" and return'd to the University extremely pleased with Her Ma-
" jesty 's gracious Acceptance of their Duty and with his Royal
" Highness's favourable Reception of them.'X*)

(1) A few months before the death of the Queen the Hanoverian resident demanded a -writ
authorising the Electoral Prince to sit in Parliament as Duke of Cambridg-e. This demand
was not complied with. The Queen exhibited every symptom of violence and passion, and
declared in the most peremptory manner that she would rather sutler the last extremities
tlian permit any Prince of the Electoral family to reside in Britain during her life. — Mac-
pherson, Hist, of Great Britain, ii. 640, Original Papers, ii. 590 — G17.

(2) Monk, Life of Bentley, i. 181.

(3) Corporation Common Day Book.

(4) Compleat Hist, of Europe for the Year 1705. p, 158.

1705] ANNE. •j^l

On the 16th of April, the Queen came to Cambridge. The fol-
lowing particuhirs appeared in the Gazette : —
Cambridge April 16.

Her Majesty having been graciously pleased to declare her intentions of
Visiting the University of Cambridge, and having appointed this day for that
purpose, She was received a mile out of Town by the Mayor, Aldermen, Com-
mon Council, & the rest of the Corporation, in their formalities, with the
Rt. Hon. the Earl of Orford their high Steward, and Sir John Cotton Bart,
their Recorder, at their head. The Mayor delivered the Mace to her Majesty,
who was pleased to return it to him again : He & the rest of the Corpora-
tion had the honor of kissing her hand ; & the Recorder, in the name of
the Body, made her Majesty a most dutiful speech and presented her with a
purse of Gold. Her Majesty proceeded towards this place amidst the accla-
mations of an infinite number of people, who made a Lane to the end of the
Town, which was continued from thence to the Schools by the Scholars, who
were ranged along the Streets in their Habits ; & received her likewise with
acclamations of Vivat Regina. The ways Avere all along strowed with flowers ;
the bells rung ; & the conduits run with wine. In the Regent walk which
leads to the Schools, Her Majesty was received by his Grace the Duke of
Somerset, Chancellor of the University, in his Habit, at the head of the Doc-
tors. His Grace made a Speech to her Majesty, wherein he expressed the
deep sense the University had of the great honour her Majesty was pleased
to do them by her Royal presence, & of the gracious assurances she had
given them of her favour & protection ; that they were obliged to congratu-
late their own happiness, together with that of Her arrival there ; & assured
her Majesty of the most grateful & dutiful returns of Loyalty to her person,
& affection to her Government, that could possibly be expected from a
Society that had for many years enjoyed the Hereditary favours of her Royal
Ancestors, & still hoped for the confirmation and encrease of them by her
Majesty's long and happy Reign over them: To which Her Majesty was
pleased to return this answer:

I am very sensible of the Duty & Affection of the University, & of their con
stant Loyalty to the Crown ; They may always depend upon equal protection
& Encouragements from me, as from any of my Predecessors.

As her Majesty advanced towards the Schools, Mr. Ayloffe, the Public
Orator, made her a Speech, full of Loyalty & Obedience, in the name of the
University; which being ended. Her Majesty went up into the Regent House,
where, as is usual upon so great & extraordinary a solemnity. Degrees in
the several Faculties were, by Her Majesty's especial Grace, conferred upon
persons of high Nobility and distinguished Merit. Dr. James, the Queen's
Professor in Divinity, opened that Ceremony with a very learned & eloquent
Speech; after which Mr. Moss(l) Chaplain in waiting to her Majesty, & Mr.
Talbot,(2) Chajjlain to his Grace the Duke of Somerset, were created Doctors
in Divinity; (3) and immediately after, according to the orders of Professions,
the Noble persons following were admitted Doctors in Law.

Duke of Devonshire, Duke of Grafton, Duke of Bolton, Marquess of Har.

(1) Robert Mosf3 Dean of Ely, 1712—1729.

(2) James Talbot fellow of Trinity College, Hebrew Professor, 1G99— 1703.

(3) There were fourteen other Doctors of Divinity created on this occasion. Amongst
these were Sanmel Bradford afterwards Bishop of Rochester, W illiam I'lcctwood after-
wards Bishop of Ely, Elias Sydall alterwards Bishop of Gloucester, and John Adams and
Andrew SJnape successively Provosts of King's College,

72 ANNE. [1705

tington, Earl of Kent, Earl of Kingston, Earl of Sunderland, Earl of Orford,
Earl of Albemarle, Lord Wharton, Lord Lovelace, Lord Byron, Lord Halifax,
Lord Harvey, Lord AUington, Lord Sherard. Sir Thomas Hanmer, Sir John
Jacob, Sir John Tyrwhitt, William Feilding, Esq., John Noell, Esq.(l)

From the Schools Her Majesty went to Trinity College, the Master whereof
Dr. Bentley, received Her Majesty likewise with a very dutiful Speech ; and
Her Majesty was pleased to confer the Honour of Knighthood upon John
Ellis, Esq. Doctor in Physick, & Vice Chancellor of the University, James
Mountague, Esq.(2) Council for the University, & Isaac Newton, Esq., for-
merly Mathematick Professor, & fellow of that College: Then about 300
Ladies & Gentlewomen were admitted to kiss Her Majesty's hand. Her
Majesty was afterwards entertained at Dinner in Trinity College Hall, at the
cxpence of the University, upon a Throne erected five foot high for that pur-
pose; & 4 large tables, with 50 covers each, were prepared for the Nobility
& Gentry : all which was performed with the greatest order and magnificence.
After Dinner her Majesty visited Trinity College Library; from whence she
went to St. John's, where she was likewise received with a speech by Dr.
Gower, Master of the College, & Margaret Professor of Divinity. Her Ma-
jesty went from thence to Prayers in King's College Chapel, at the entrance
whereof Dr. Roderick, the Provost, addressed himself to her Majesty with
very dutiful & loyal expressions. After Prayers Her Majesty went to Queen's
College, where she was received by Dr. James, in the same manner, & with
the same expressions of Duty & Loyalty, as she had been in the other Houses
which she had been pleased to Honour with her presence : From thence
Her Majesty took Coach, and returned the same Evening to Newmarket, very
well satisfied with all the marks of Obedience & Loyalty which she had met
with.(3)

Alderman Newton gives the following account of the Queen's re-
ception : —

16 April, 1705. On Munday, some time after 12 o'clock, came Queen Anne
to Cambridge and was met by the Corporacion of the Towne on Christs College
Peeces, and after a speech made by Sir John Cotton Baronet, our Recorder,
was conducted from thence by Mr. Mayor, my Lord OfFord our High Steward,
& ye rest of the Corporacion, to the Regent Walk, the Comon Councell
this time rid on horseback which was not formerly done. At ye Regent
Walk we left her. The Duke of Somerset then Chancellour of the University
& Master of ye Horse was then here and performed his place as Chancellour,
the Vice Chancellour Dr. John Ellis not then appearing as Vice Chancellor
for that day. The same day the Queen knighted Dr. Ellis. (4)

At the general election there was a contest for the University
between the Hon. Arthur Annesley(5) M.A. fellow of Magdalene
College, the Hon. Dixie Windsor (6) M.A. of Trinity College, the

(1) Ludolph Kustcr and Henry Sike afterwards Hebrew Professor, were also created
Doctors of Law. Three Doctors of Physic were created on this occasion. One of these
was the celebrated John Arbuthnot.

(2) Afterwards Chief Baron of the Exchequer.

(3) London Gazette, 19 April, 1705.

(4) Aid. Newton's Diary.

(5) Afterwards Earl of Ang-lescy and High Steward of the University.

(6) Second son of Thomas Earl of Plymouth by his second Avife Ursula daughter and
co-heir of Sir ThomaLi "Widdring ton. In July, 1712, Mr. Windsor was appointed Store-
keeper of the Ordnance.

1705] ANNE. 73

Hon. Francis <jO(lolphin(i) M.A. of King's College, and Sir Isaac
Newton Knt. M.A. of Trinity College. The votes were, Annesley
182; Windsor 170; Godolphin 1G2; Newton 117.(2)

On Michaelmas Day, when Sir John EUys the Vicechancellor
went to swear in the Mayor and Bailiffs he claimed the precedency
in the joint seat at the upper end of the Guildhall. James Fletcher
the Mayor,(3) refused to concede this, and was supported by Alder-
men Love,(^) and Percy,(5) and Mr. Welbore the Deputy Recorder.
Some rude persons treated the Vicechancellor and his attendants
with great contempt. On the 2nd of October, the following grace
for discommuning Mr. Fletcher the Mayor, Alderman Percy and
Mr. Welbore passed the Senate: —

Whereas by Mr. James Fletcher, present Mayor of Cambridge, and Daniel
Love and Francis Percy, Aldermen of the said To^\'n, and Mr. John Wellbore,
Deputy Recorder of the same, the Rights and Privileges of this University
have of late been notoriously and highly violated in the person of Sir John
Ellys, the Vice Chancellor, going to swear the said Mayor and the four Bay-
liffs of the said Corporation on Michaelmas Day last, according to the Usage
and Charter of the said University; for the preventing therefore the many
growing mischiefs that may proceed from our not opposing such Attempts and
Invasions upon our Liberties Rights and Privileges •

May it please you, that the said present Mayor, Mr. Francis Percy Alder-
man, and Mr. J. Wellbore Deputy Recorder, by your Sentence and Decree be
now discommuned ; and that no College or particular Member of this Uni-
versity whatsoever, or any other Person privileged according to the Charters
of this University, shall deal or trade or have any commerce with the said
persons so discommuned or with any others that act by for or under them, or
in conjunction or partnership with them ; until such time as the said Persons
so discommuned shall acknowledge their offence in violating the Rights of this
University, in the Chancell of Great St. Maries Church before the Vice-Chan-
cellor and the two Proctors for the time being, in writing under their hands,
and shall promise for the time to come never again willfully to offend in like
manner. And if any College or Member of the University, Scholar, or Scho-
lar's Servant, or other privileged Person whatsoever, shall presume contrary
to this Decree, by themselves or any others for them, to buy or otherwise con-
tract, give or continue any beneficial Place or Employment directly or indi-

(1) Son of Sidney Earl of Godolphin, to which title he succeeded in 1712. He died 1766.

(2) In the House of Lords in November this year, Dr. Patrick Bishop of Ely, " stood up,
" and moved, That the Judges might also be consvilted what Power the Queen had in visit-
" ing the Universities, complaining of the Heat and Passion of the Gentlemen there ; which
" they inculcated into their Pupils, who brought the same Fury with them to the Parishes,
" when they came Abroad, to the Great Disturbance of Public Charity ; That at the Election
" at Cambridge 'twas shameful to see 100 or more young Students, encouraged in hollowing
" like School-Boys and Porters, and crying out, No Fanaticks, no Occasional Conformity,
" against two worthy Gentlemen that stood as Candidates."— Compleat Hist, of Europe for
the year 1705, p. 420.

(3) Mr. Fletcher died before his year of office expired, viz. 8th August, 1706.

(4) Mr. Love was the Mayor who went out of office on Michaelmas Day. It is singular he
Avas not discommuned, especially as his name occurs in the preamble to the gi ace.

(.')) Francis Percv who was great gi-andson to Thomas Percy Constable of Alnwick Castle,
one of the Powder Plot Conspirators, laid claim to the title or estates of the Earls of Nor-
thumberland. (Collect. Topog. & Geneal. ii. r)8— 64.) Aid. Percy's eldest son, Charles Percy,
iv.as one of the Bailiffs this vear.

74 ANNE. {1705

rectly with or to any of the said Persons so diseommuned ; that then the
College Person or Persons so offending, shall every one of them incur the
penalty of £5 for every offence, to be applyed to the common Chest of this
University; and if a Scholai* not Graduate, he shall be incapable of any De-
gree ; or if a Graduate he shall be suspended from all Degrees till he makes
satisfaction to the Vice-Chancellor and Proctors of this University.

Mr. Fletcher the Mayor submitted himself to the University on
the 6th of October, when he appeared in Great Saint Mary's church,
and in the presence of the Vicechancellor, the Proctors, the Master
of Jesus College, two of the Esquire Bedels, and other members of
the University, read and subscribed the subjoined paper acknowledg-
ing his offence, promising in future to shew due respect to the
Vicechancellor, and desiring that the sentence of discommuning might
be recalled : —

Whekeas I James Fletcher, Mayor of the Town of Cambridge, did upon
Michaelmas Day last past, by mistake and misinformation, infringe the just
Rights and Privileges of the University of Cambridge, in refusing and deny-
ing unto Sir John Ellys, the Vice-Chancellor of the said University, the prece-
dency in the joynt seat at the upper end of the Guild Hall of the said ToAvn,
when he came according to the Charter of the said University, to give the
usual Oath to me and the four Bayliffs of the said Corporation : which refusal
of mine was the occasion of a great deal of contempt and indignity offered
by some rude persons to the said Vice-Chancellor and his attendants ; for which
offence I stand censured and diseommuned by the said University; I do
THEREFORE now freely acknowledge that my offence, and faithfully promise
for the future never to be guilty of the like offence, but to shew all due re-
spect to the Vice-Chancellor of the said University, and to give him the pre-
cedence in all places Avhatsoever (as of right he ought to have) while I con-
tinue in my Office : and I humbly desire that the said sentence of discommuning
may be recalled, and that I may be restored to the favour of the said Univer-
sity.

James Fletcher, Mayor,

Mem,— This acknowledgment was made and read over verbatim by the
above-mentioned James Fletcher, in the Chancell of Great St, Maries Church
in Cambridge Oct, 6, 1705, and then and there by him humbly, submissively,
and publickly acknowledged and delivered as his own Act and Deed, before Sir
John Ellys Vice-Chancellor, Mr, Nicholas Parham, and Mr. Daniel Newcome,
Proctors of the said University (the Persons and places appointed by the
decree of the Senate thereof) and in the presence of the Rev. Dr. Ashton,
Doctor in Divinity, Master of Jesus College, and of two Esquire Bedells, viz.
John Pern, M.A, and Public Notary, and Edward Clarke, M.A. Fellow of
Clare Hall, and many others there met upon the occasion.
Sic testamur,

John Ellys, Vice Chancellor,
I Nicholas Parham, Senior Proctor,

Daniel Newcome, Junior Proctor,
C, Ashton, Master of Jesus College,
John Pern, Notary Public. (1)

(1> Gvinning, Ceremonies of Univ. ofCamb. 433 — 430.

1706] ANNE. 75

Alderman Percy submitted himself at the same time,(') and Mr.
Welbore on the 29th of March, 1706.(2)

1706.

The University of Frankfort on the Oder intending to hold a
jubilee to celebrate the foundation of that University, (by Joachim
Marquess of Brandenburgh in 1506) sent a formal invitation to the
University of Cambridge to be present at this ceremony, who there-
upon deputed Andrew Snape D.D. (afterwards Provost of King's
College), Henry Penrice LL.D. of Trinity Hall (afterwards Judge
of the Admiralty and a Knight), Henry Plumptree M.D. of Queen's
College, William Grigg M.A. of Jesus College (afterwards Master
of Clare Hall), and John Wyvill M.A. of Trinity College, to re-
present this University on the occasion. This deputation (3) was
received at Frankfort with the utmost courtesy, the King of Prussia
assisting in person upon the occasion. (4)

At a Common Day held on the 29th of June, the Corporation
deputed Alderman Chambers and the Town Clerk to draw up an
address to the Queen congratulating her on the victories over the
French, Bavarian, and Spanish forces. They accordingly prepared

(1) " Whereas I, Francis Percy, Alderman of the Town of Cambridge, misled by my own
" ignorance and eiTor, and seduced by the bad example of others for whose judgment I had
" much value, upon Michaelmas Day last past (when Sir J. EUys, Vice-Chancellor of the
*' University of Cambridge, according to his place and office came to swear Mr. James
" Fletcher Mayor, and the four Bailifls of the Town) was one of those that opposed the said
" Vice-chancellor taking his due place, and in so doing was guilty of a high violation of the
" Rights and Privileges of the said University, from which unadvised Act of myself and
" others, divers unworthy affronts and indignities were occasioned to the said Vice-Chan-
" cellor and his Attendants. Convinced now of the rashness and indiscretion of such
" actions, and moved with true sorrow and repentance for having had so great a share
" therein, 1 acknowledge my fault, and here before you Mr. Vice-Chancellor beg pardon
" of the University, praying your kind assistance for my being reconciled to your favour,
" and faithfully promising that for the future I will never be guilty again of the like offence,
" but shew the University, and all the Members thereof respectively, a due reverence and
" regard, and whenever I can influence others, dispose them to do the like,

" Francis Percy Alderman."

(2) '• W'hereas I, John Wellbore Esq. Deputy Eeeorder of the Town of Cambridge, not
" fully understanding the Eights and Privileges of the University of Cambridge, did upon
" Michaelmas Day last past, (when Sir John Ellys the Vice-Chancellor came to the Town Hall
" according to the ancient Charters of the University to administer the usual Oath to the
" Mayor and Bailiffs of the said Town), by my opinion then declared, encourage the refusal
" of the chief place to the said Vice-Chancellor above the Mayor in the said Hall, Avhich I
" am now convinced that of right He the Vice-Chancellor ought to have ; I do hereby freely
" acknowledge my en-or in that particular, which proceeded wholly out of mistake, and not
" out of malice to the said University, or to any member thereof, and i)romise that I will not
" be guilty of any such like indignity for the future. All which I declare with the same
" sincerity that 1 now desire to be restored to the good will and favour of the University.

" John WELLHoaE.
" Read and subscribed by John Wellbore Esq., in the Chancel of Groat St. Mary's
" Church, in Cambridge, the 29th of March, 1706, in the presence of us

" Bardsey Fisher, Vice Chancellor,
" R. Stevens, Senior Proctor,
" R. Clotterbrooke, Junior Proctor,
" R. Grove, Rogistrary."

(3) Mr, Grigg was left behind at Brunswick being disabled by a fall from pursuing his
journey.

(4) Monk, Life of Bentley, 8vo. edit, i. 190 ; Compleat History of Europi- for the year 1700,
p. 501, See in Bentley's Correspondence (i. 233) a letter from Ludolph Kuster to Dr.
Bentley, dated Berlin, the 1st of May, N. S. 1706.

76 ANNE. [1706

the following address, to which the Corporate seal was affixed on
the 4t.h of July:(i)—

To THE Queen's most excellent Majesty.
The humble address of the Mayor, High Steward, Recorder, Alder-
men, Common-councilmen, Bailiffs, and Burgesses of the Corpo-
ration of the Town of Cambridge.
Most gracious Sovereign,
The signal and early victories obtained by your Majesty's forces, and those
of the allies under the command of his grace the Duke of Marlborough in the
Netherlands and of the Earl of Peterborough in Spain, engage us as our
bounden duty for such immense blessings to congratulate your Majesty on
these glorious occasions wherein we cannot sufficiently express our grateful
sense of God Almighty's providence over your Majesty and your allies, and
the great care and vigilance of your Majesty in supporting and delivering us
from the imminent danger of utter destruction into which the ambitious power
of OUT enemy had designed to involve us.

And we earnestly beseech your Majesty to accept this our congratulation of
your successes abroad as a firm assurance of our united affections at home for
your Majesty's safety and honour, of our constant endeavours to preserve
peace and unity amongst ourselves and promoting it amongst others, of our
unfeigned and continual prayers to God for your long and prosperous reign
over us and of his preserving your royal consort in lasting health and your
more lasting happiness.

Given under our common seal the fourth day of July in the fifth year of
your Majesty's reign.(2)

On the 20th of July, Dr. Thomas Tudway the Music Professor
was cited before Dr. Fisher Vicechancellor and the Heads, charged
with having uttered words highly reflecting on the Queen and her ad-
ministration. His crime was a bad pun(3) reflecting on the Queen, or
rather on the ministry. He said in company, that though her Majesty
had refused the address of the Hertford burgesses, yet had it been
from Daniel Burgess (the celebrated dissenting minister) it would
have been received. For these words he was, by the Vicechancellor
and eight other Heads, sentenced to be suspended from his degrees,
and to be deprived of his organist's place at St. Mary's, and his
professor.ship in the University. He was also deprived of his places
as organist to King's College and Pembroke Hall.(4) On the 10th

(1) Corporation Common Day Book.

(2) Corporation Coucher.

(3) Dr. Tudway was at Cambridge longer remembered as an inveterate punster than as a
great musician. " In the time of the Duke of Somerset's chancellorship at Cambridge,
" during the discontents of several members of that University at the rigour of his govern-
" ment and paucity of his patronage, Tudway, himself a malcontent, and joining in the
" clamour, said, ' the chancellor rides us all, without a bit in our mouths.' Nor did the
*' wicked sin of punning quit him even in sickness ; for having been dangerously iHof a
"quinsy and unable, for some time, to swallow either food or medicines; the physician
" who attended him after long debates and difficulties at length turning to Mrs. Tudway
" says, ' Courage, madam ! "the doctor will get up May-hill yet, he lias l>een able to swal-
" low some nourishment :' the doctor cries out, ' don't mind him my dear, one swallow
" makes no summer.'" — Burney, Hist, of Music, iii. 459.

(4) " Cambridge, July 28. The Vice Chancellor of this University having received infor-
" mation, that Mr. Tudway had spoken words highly reflectinwr on Her Majesty, he convened

I70G] ANNE. 77

of March following, Tadway, having first subscribed a most humble
and penitential apology, was by the Queen's command released from
his suspension and restored to his places.(i)

On the 30th of September, died Mary the wife of Sir Edwin
Sadleir Bart, of Temple Dinsley in the county of Hertford and
widow of William Croune M.D.(2) sometime fellow of Emmanuel
College. By an instrument subjoined to her will (3) she provided
for the establishment of algebra lectures in several Colleges in this
University, for the support whereof she settled an estate in land.
By certain orders agreed upon by her executors and the Heads of
the Colleges hereafter named, and confirmed by a decree in Chancerj'^,
algebra lectureships were established (^) at Emmanuel, Kings, St.
John's, Sidney, Trinity, Jesus, Queens', and St. Peter's Colleges,
and Pembroke Hall; the lecturer of Emmanuel College having £30.
per annum and each cf the other lecturers £20 per annum. By
one of these orders it was provided that if any of Dr. Croune's
family, kindred, or relations belonging to any of those Colleges in
which the lectures were read, should be qualified to read them,
he should have the preference of any other person to be chosen
lecturer in case of a vacancy.(5) At the present time there is an
algebra lectureship of Lady Sadleir's foundation in each of the
seventeen Colleges. The annual stipend of the lecturer of Emmanuel
College is £60., and of each of the others £40. The lecturers
are required to be Bachelors of Arts at least, and are nominated
by the Masters of the respective Colleges, subject to examination
and approval by the Plumian Professor. These Lectureships are
tenable for ten years. C^)

" the heads of houses, at the Eegent-house, where Mr. Tuduay was cited to appear, which
" he did ; and the words being- positively proved upon oath, they all unanimously found him
" guilty, and proceeded to sentence, which was solemnly pronounced in the presence of the
" Heads, and entred as an Act by the Publick Register as follows :

" That Mr. Tudway be suspended of all Degrees taken and to be taken ; That he be de-
" prived of his Organist's place in St. Mary's Church, and of his Professorship of Musick in
" the University.

" Mr. Tudway being of King's (College, the Provost has deprived him of his Organist's
" place in that College ; and the Register there has likewise entered his Deprivation; &
" the Butler and the Pantler have taken his name off the Tables in their offices.

" The Master of Pembroke Hall, where he was also Organist, has in like manner deprived
" him of that OtRce; and the Register there has entered it accordingly.

" So that he is deprived of all he held in the University of Cambridge." — London Gazette,
8 Aug. 1706.

(1) Monk, Life of Bentley, i, 261 ; Aid. Newton's Diary.

(2) Dr. Croune left £1500. to three nieces after the decease of his wife, but in case they
all died before her, that sum was to be applied in founding algebra lectures according to
a memorial left by him if she died unmarried, but if she married again that money was to be
at her disposal. Lady Sadleir not only left this £1500 to Dr. Croune's neices, but out of re-
gard to the memory of the Doctor also founded the algebra lectures, although by her second
marriage she was under no obligation to do so.

(3) Her will is dated Sept. 25th, 1701.

(4) The lectures commenced at Michaelmas, 1710.

(5) Ward, Lives of the Gresham Professors, 325.

(6) Cambridge University Calendar.

78 ANNE. [1706-7

1706 \ ^" *^® 2nd of March died at Westminster, James Drake M.D.
— >He was born at Cambridge in 1667, and received a liberal edu-
'^ f cation. He was admitted of Caius College, and took the degree
of M.B. in 1690, and of M.D. in 1694. About this time he pro-
ceeded to London and practised his profession with reputation. He
was admitted a fellow of the College of Physicians and of the Royal
Society, in whose Transactions he has a paper entitled, " Some in-
fluence of respiration on the motion of the heart hitherto unob-
served." In 1697, a comedy by him called "The Sham-Lawyer or
the Lucky Extravagant," was produced at Drurj^ Lane Theatre;
it failed of success on the stage, but was printed. In the
same year he contributed very much to the publication of a pam-
phlet entitled, " Commendatory Verses upon the Author of Prince
Arthur and King Arthur," which was well received. Dr. Drake
now became a political writer, supporting the views of the Jacobites
and Tories. In 1699, he published "A Short History of the last
Parliament." In or about 1700, he published " The Antient and Mo-
dern Stages surveyed, &c.," to which Jeremy Collier published a reply.
In 1701, Dr. Drake published "A short defence of the last Parlia-
ment, with a word of advice to all electors for the ensuing." The
next year appeared "The History of the last Parliament, begun at
Westminster the 10th day of February in the 12th year of King
William, A.D. 1700." On the 9th of May, 1702, the House of Lords
resolved that this book contained several expressions groundless,
false, and scandalous, tending to create jealousies in the Queen of
her people, and to cause great misunderstandings, fears, and disputes
amongst the Queen's subjects, and to disturb the peace and quiet
of the people; and Dr. Drake having avowed the authorship, the
House ordered the Attorney General to prosecute him. This was
accordingly done, but the Doctor was acquitted. In the same year
he published "Some necessary considerations relating to all future
elections of Members to serve in Parliament." In 1703, he edited
" Historia Anglo-Scotica, or an Impartial History of all that hap-
pened between the Kings and Kingdoms of England and Scotland
from the beginning of the Reign of William the Conqueror, to the
Reign of Queen Elizabeth, &c. &c." This book was publicly burnt
at Edinburgh. In 1704, he wrote in conjunction Avith Mr. Poley
M.P. for Ipswich, " The Memorial of the Church of England : humbly
offered to the Consideration of all true Lovers of our Church and
Constitution." In this pamphlet he stated the Church of England
to be in danger. It was pointedly referred to in the Queen's speech
to Parliament October 27th, 1705. Both Houses resolved that the

1706-7] ANNE. 79

Church w<as not in danger, and the Queen published a proclamation
for discovering the author of the Memorial, who however contrived
to evade detection. The Grand Jury of the city of London presented
this book at the sessions as a false scandalous and traitorous libel,
and caused it to be burnt in the sight of the Court then sitting,
and afterwards at the Royal Exchange by the hands of the common
hangman. In 1706, appeared from the pen of Dr. Drake a preface
to a book entitled, "Secret Memoirs of Robert Dudley Earl of
Leicester." This was stated to be published from an old MS. never
before printed, but was in fact a reprint of the old book said
to be written by Robert Parsons the Jesuit, and called Leicester's
Commonwealth. In the same year the Doctor was prosecuted for
an article in " Mercurius Politicus," alleging that the Revolution
was the destruction of the law s of England ; but in the libel as set
out in the information, the word "nor" was substituted for "not."
The Court of Queen's Bench thinking this a fatal variance, gave
judgment for the defendant. The Attorney-General, however, brought
a writ of error. " The severity of this prosecution, joined to re-
" peated disappointments, and ill usage from some of his party,
" flung the Doctor into a fever ; of which he died, after a short con-
" finement to his bed ; not without violent exclamations against the
" rigor of his prosecutors." Not long before his death. Dr. Drake
finished " Anthropologia Nova; or a New System of Anatomy."
This was published in 1707 and again in 1717, and there are sub-
sequent editions with additions. To this work is prefixed the Doc-
tor's portrait, engraved by Vander Gucht after a painting by T.
Foster. Dr. Drake also made a new English translation of Hero-
dotus, which was never published. " He had a great mastery of the
" English tongue, and wrote with ease and fluency in a manly style.
" Though various judgements were passed upon his political writ-
" ings, according to people's different humours, passions, and inter-
" ests, yet all agreed in commending his way of writing. "(i)

On the 2nd of March, the House of Commons on committing a bill
for better securing the copyright of books, ordered that it be an in-
struction to the Committee that they have power to receive a clause to
enforce the laws of King Charles the Second(2) for delivering books to
the Queen's library, and the two Universities.(3)

(1) Biographia Britannica, 2cl edit. v. S.^, 453 ; Somers Tracts, ed. Scott, xi. 126, xii. 198 ;
Noble, Biog. Hist, of England, i. 229; Nichols, Literary Anecdotes, i. 133, 341 ; Grad. Can-
tab.; Lords' Journals, xvii. 114, 1 IG, 122, 123; Modern Keports, xi. 78, 84,95; Bodleian
Catalogue, ii. 741.

(2) Vide Vol. iii. p. 519.

(3) Commons' Jonrnal-, xv. 321

go ANNE. [1707

1707.

On the Gth of April, the Duke of Somerset Chancellor of the Uni-
versity, accompanied by the Archbishop of Canterbury, and the
Bishops of Norwich and Peterborough, and attended by the Vice-
chancellor, several of the Heads of Colleges, Doctors, and other
members of the University, in their habits, presented to her Majesty
at St. James's the following address: —

May it tlease your most Sacred Majesty.

We your Majesty's most dutiful & loyal Subjects, the Chancellor, Masters
& Scholars of your University of Cambridge, do humbly beg leave to testify
our imfcigned joy for the Accomplishment of the great and happy Union be-
tween your two kingdoms of England & Scotland, to the mutual advantage
& satisfaction of both Nations, and the prevention of those Mischiefs that
might hereafter have arisen (as it has often happened in times past) whenever
two Distinct & independent Sovereigns should have reign'd at once within
this Island.

We are firmly persuaded, that your Majesty's earnest zeal in promoting so
desirable a Work, was the effect of that tender concern for the happiness of
your Subjects, which has appear'd in so many remarkable instances thro' the
whole course of your wise & Gracious Administration.

And Ave beseech the divine Providence, which has enabled your Majesty to
overcome those difficulties that were thought insuperable, 8c which had baffled
all former attempts of this nature, still to prosper all your great & good de-
signs, & make every year of your Auspicious Reign productive of new won-
ders, as surprising as those we have already seen. May your Arms be still
victorious abroad, & your Government undisturbed at home ; May you long
continue to reign over us, & late exchange this earthly for a Heavenly &
eternal CroAVTi.

Her Majesty's " most Gracious Answer" was in these terms : —

My Lord,

I thank you heartily for your Address, and your congratulations upon the
Union of the two Kingdoms.

I make no doubt but I shall receive the same marks of your loyalty and
affection upon all other occasions.(l)

On the Gth of June, Thomas Fox, junr., one of the aldermen, was
elected town clerk(2) "by a majority of forty voices in polling."

On the 11th of June, a grace passed the Senate, constituting
George Rolfe(3) Professor of Anatomy. t^)

On the 2 1st of June, the following address from the Corporation
was presented to the Queen at Windsor by Mr. Welbore the Deputy

(1) London Gazette, 3rd to 7th April, 1707.

(2) In the room of John Pj ke deceased.

(3) He uas deprived for continued absence from his ofHce 17tli of April, 1728, and on the
22nd of the same month, Jolin IVIorg-an M.A. fellow of Trinity College was chosen I'rofessoi-
*)f Anatomy.

(4) Stat. Acad. Cantab, p. 108; Gunning, Cercmoiiicr. of the Univ of Catnb. 2.')5.

1707-8] ANNE. 31

Recorder, who was introduced by the Earl of Orford High Sterard
of the Town:(i)—

To THE Queen's most excellent Majesty.
The humble Address of the Mayor, High Steward, Recorder, De-
puty Kecorder, Aldermen, BaiHffs, Common Council, and other
the Burgesses of your Majesty's ancient Corporation of Cam-
bridge.
Most gracious Sovereign,

We your Majesty's most loyal and dutiful subjects humbly crave leave to
approach your Majesty's sacred person Avith hearts full of joy and satisfaction,
to give your Majesty our unfeigned thanks for your great zeal in promoting
and perfecting the most approved of Union between your kingdoms of England
and Scotland, It is a work of so great consequence that it not only establishes
a firm and lasting peace and tranquility between nations, but also adds such
strength and is such a bulwark to both that we need not fear the attempts of
any foreign prince or potentate whatsoever.

"We cannot but with the greatest astonishment consider that any opposition
should be made against so good a work when we reflect what dismal disputes
and devastations were of ancient times made when both kingdoms were sepa-
rate, and what great contrivances were set on foot by your Majesty's renowned
ancestors to put a stop to so great an evil by a strict alliance by marriage,
which may be justly termed a temporal union, the good effects of which all
your Majesty's subjects do at this day enjoy, and in all probability to our
great grief would have determined upon your Majesty's demise without heirs of
your Majesty's body.

Such transactions as these, most blessed Princess, make us not doubt but
that your Majesty will likewise by your great wisdom, settle such a peace in
Europe, that not only this but future ages will commemorate your glorious
successes, and set a day apart to eternalize your sacred name.

That your Majesty may have likewise as much satisfaction in reigning over
us as we have in your Majesty's government, we Avill on all occasions take
such measures that may conduce to your Majesty's glorious ends and inten-
tions, and that there may be a perfect harmony between your Majesty and
your people shall be our daily prayers and wishes. (2)

In March, the following address from the University was pre-
'sented to her Majesty by the Duke of Somerset Chancellor, attended
by the Vicechancellor, several Bishops, Heads of Houses, Doctors,
and many other members of the University : —

We your Majesty's most loyal and dutiful subjects the Chancellor, Masters
& Scholars of the UniA'ersity of Cambridge,

Being highly sensible of the manifest injury design'd to your Majesty's
undoubted right & title to these your Dominions, which a pretender from
France has threaten'd to invade, humbly crave leave to express our utmost
abhorrence of this and all other attempts which may be made to disturb the
inestimable happiness We enjoy under your Majesty's most gracious adminis-
tration.

The great Security of our Religion and Property under your Majesty's pro-
tection & influence, & the happy prospect we have of its continuance, by

(1) London Gazette, 19 to 23 June, 1707.

(2) Corporation ConcluT.

VOL. IV. t

^2 ANNE. [1707-8

the establishment of the Protestant succession, are blessings we shall always
think too valuable to be exchanged for the greatest promises that can be made
by a Popish invader.

AxD we do with all humility assure your Majesty, That as by the principles
of our Church we are taught the highest duty <% submission to our Supe-
riors, so we in our several stations, shall do our utmost to recommend them
to those under our care, & upon all occasions be ready to imploy them in a
zealous defence of your Majesty's most sacred person.

May the blessing of God attend upon your Majesty's Princely care &
wisdom, upon the experienc'd courage & conduct of those who preside over
your fleets & armies, and upon the great vigilance & fidelity of your
Councellors at home;^that so all manner of treacherous designs against you
may be rendered ineffectual, the common enemy be defeated in all his enter-
prises, & Europe at last restored to a safe and honourable Peace. And may
your Majesty after a long & prosperous reign over a happy people, receive
the everlasting reward of those illustrious & shining Virtues which must have
been instrumental in procuring it.

To which her Majesty gave the follo-vving "most Gracious An-
swer:"—

I give you my thanks for the Zeal & Affection you have shown to me on
this occasion; and you may depend at all times on my protection.d)

On the 24th of March, the seal of the Corporation Avas affixed
to the following address :(2)—

To THE Queen's most excellent Majesty.
The humble Address of the Mayor, High Steward, Recorder, De-
puty Recorder, Aldermen, BailifTs, Common Council, and other
the Burgesses of your Majesty's ancient Corporation of Cambridge.
Most gracious Sovereign,

We your Majesty's most d'jtiful and obedient subjects have been always
ready, since your happy succession to these crowns, to engage both our lives
and fortunes against any pretender who shall presume to disturb the peace
and quietness of your Majesty and your kingdoms, and since we are now re-
lieved from an unnatural civil war by the happy arrival of your fleet, which
we must acknowledge to the unparalleled care and industry his highness the
lord high Admiral has shewn to fit out in so short a time so many ships of
war, which hath not only prevented their armys landing upon us, but hath
also forced them away from your dominions, which we doubt not but will dis-
courage them from making any such attempt for the future, so that Ave hope
now the civil poAver Avill have no occasion to shcAv hoAv loyal and useful they
Avould be AA'henever your person and kingdoms are in danger.

May the Almighty support your designs, may this intended descent of theirs
so exasperate the confederate army this campaign as to sheAv the French King
what miseries a country must undergo that is invaded with fire and SAvord,
may your reign be long over us, may the Church of England ever flourish, and
then we need not question but this nation Avill be blest Avith a lasting peace.

Ix testimony of this our humble address Ave have unanimously caused our
common seal to be affixed, the tAventy-fourth day of March, in the seventh year
of your Majesty's reign, annoque Domini, 1707-8.(3)

(1) London Gazette, 18 March, 1707.

(2) Presented at St. James's 26th March, 1708, by John Hynde Cotton and Samuel Shepheard
junr. Esquires, Members for the Town.— London Gay.ette', 25 to 29 March, 1708.

(3) Corporation Coucher.

1708] ANNE. 33

1708.

On the 20th of April died Damaris Lady Masham. She was
daughter of Dr. Ralph Cudworth Master of Christ's College, and
Damaris his wife, and was born at Cambridge, on the 18th of Janu-
ary, 1C58. She was educated under the care of her excellent father,
and was early distinguished for her uncommon learning and piety.
She became the second wife of Sir Francis Masham of Gates, in the
county of Essex, Bart., in whose house Mr. Locke resided for many
years, and where he died. Lady Masham was skilled in arithmetic,
geography, chronology, history, philosophy, and divinity, and pub-
lished in 1G96 "A Discourse concerning the Love of God,"U) and
in 1705 "Thoughts in Reference to a Virtuous or Christian Life."(2)
She also wrote the account of Mr. Locke printed in the Great His-
torical Dictionary. Lady Masham was buried in the Abbey church
of Bath, where is a monument to her memory with this inscription :
*' Near this Place lies Dame Damaris Masham, Daughter of Ralph
** Cudworth, D.D. and second Wife to Sir Francis Masham, of Gates,
" in the County of Essex, Bart. Who to the Softness and Elegance
" of her own Sex added several of the Noblest Accomplishments and
*' Qualities of the other. She possest these Advantages in a Degree
*' unusual to either, and temper'd them with an Exactness Peculiar
" to herself. Her Learning, Judgment, Sagacity, and Penetration,
** together with her Candor and Love of Truth, were very observable
** to all that conversed with her, or were acquainted with those small
" Treatises she Publish'd in her Life time, tho' she industriously con-
" cealed her Name. Being Mother of an only Son,(3) she applied all
*' her Natural and acquired Endowments to the Care of his Educa-
** tion. She was a strict observer of all the Virtues belonging to
•* every station of her Life, and only wanted Opportunities to make
*' those Talents shine in the World, which were the Admiration of
" her Friends. She was born on the 18th of January, 1658. And
*' died on the 20th of April, 1708."(^)

Gn the 5th of May, there was a contested election for the
Town. The candidates were John Hynde Cotton, (5) Esq., Samuel

( 1 ) London, l2iuo. Translated into Trench by Mr. Coste, 1705.

(2) London, 12mo.

(3) P'rancis Cudworth Masham Esq. Accountant General of the Court of Chancery.

(4) Ballard, Memoirs of British Ladies, ed. 1775, n. 262. See Lord King's Life of Locke,
ii. 16, 45, 46.

(5) Eldest son of Sir John Cotton Bart. Recorder. In July, 1712, Mr. Cotton was ap-
pointed a Commissioner for Trade and Plantations, and on the death of his father at the
rlose of that year, succeeded to the baronetcy. He represented the town of Cambridge
from 1708 to 1741, with the exception of the rarliainent of 17J*J, when being chosen for
the to^^n and county, he elected to scr\c for the latter. lie greut'y distinguished

84 ANNE. [170S

Shepheard jun.(i) Esq., and Thomas Bendyshc, Esq. The two former
were returned, the votes being Cotton 125; Shepheard 101; Ben-
dyshe 80. Mr. Bendyshe petitioned the House of Commons/^) and
nearly two years after the elcction,(3) Mr. Shepheard's return was
adjudged void.

On the 5tli of August, the following address to the Queen w^as
sealed by the Corporation: —

To THE QUEE^'^S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY,

The humble address of the Mayor, High Steward, Recorder, Deputy
Recorder, Aldermen, Bailiffs, Common Council, and other the
Burgesses of your Majesty's ancient Corporation of Cambridge,
Most gi-acious Sovereign,
We your Majesty '^s most dutiftil and loyal subjects humbly beg leave to con-
gratulate the late glorious victory obtained by your Majesty's forces and those
of your allies, under the command of his grace the Duke of Marlborough near
Oudenarde in Flandei-s.

It is, Madam, and always will be the peculiar glory of your Majesty's reign
not only to have put a stop to the insatiable ambition of the French King and
the incroachments be was making upon others (which was all that could be
done before), but to have Aveakened his power to that degi'ce so as to render
him not only incapable of maintaining his former usurpations but even unable
to defend what is his own.

By this means your Majesty is not only become the glorious instrument of
rescuing and defending injured and oppressed states and princes, of settling the
peace and security and restoring the balance of Europe, but by the great ad-
vantages you have gained over the common enemy of our established govern-
ment, our religion, law, and liberties (from whom they always were in danger)

himself as an active and most able opponent of Sir Robert "Walpcle's administration, on
the breaking- vip of which George the Second promised Mr. Pulteney that Sir J. H. Cotton
should be o-ne of the Lords of the Admiralty, the royal word was however violated in this-
instance. Sir John Hynde Cotton died February 4, 1753, and was buried at Landwade.
The following epitaph was Avritten upon him, "Attic wit, British spirit, Roman virtue,
" animated the bosom of that great man, whose remains are committed to this tomb, Sir
" John Hyni>e Cotton, Baronet, whose lively genius and solid understanding were
" steadily devoted to the service of his country as a British senator. Without any views
" of venal rewai'd : Above the desire of ill-got power ; Untainted with the itch of tinsel
"titles; Re lived, he died A Patriot."— Noble, Biog. Hist, of England, iii. 183; Coxe,
Memoirs of Sir Robert "SValpole.

(1) Mr. Shepheard represented the Town from this period till 1714. On the 19tb of No-
vember, 1724, he was chosen member for the County (to supply a vacancy occasioned by
Lord Harley's succeeding to the Earldom of Oxford,) and he represented the County from
that time till 1747, Avhen he was again elected for the Town, which he continued to repre-
sent till his death, which took place before May, 1748.

(2) Jovis, 25o. DIE NovEMBRis, Anno 7o. Ann« Regin^, 1708.

" A Petition of Tho. Bendyshe, Esquire, was read; setting forth, that the Petitioner,
" John Hind Cotton, and Samuel Shepheard, Esquires, Avere Candidates at the late Election
" of Members, to serve in Parliament for the Town of Cambridge; and the Petitioner was
" there duly chosen by a Majority of legal Voters, though several such were unduly hin-
•' dered from voting for him: That not only by Force and Violence, 1;>ut Bribeiy, Treat-
" ing after the Writ, and other undue practices before the Election, an unprecedented Num-
•' ber of (most Strangers) were made Freemen; whereby a Majority was gained on the Poll
" by the other Candidates ; so that the Petitioner was not returned, as he ouglit to have
" been: And praying the Relief of the House in the Premises.

" Ordered, That the Merits of the said Election, and Return, be heard upon Tuesday, the
" 22th day of February next." — Commons' Journals, xvi. 14.

In the next Session (23rd November, 1709), another petition to the same effect was pre-
sented by Mr. Bendyshe. This was referred to the Committee of Privileges and Elections,
— Commons' Journals, xvi. 222.

CS) Viz. 0 February, 1709-10.

1708] ANNE 35

)'ou have secured the enjoyment of them to us and our posterity under a last-
ing succession of Protestant princes.

These glorious successes, upon which not only our own happiness but that
of all Europe depends, we cannot ascribe to any thing so much as to your
Majesty's royal virtues, which have drawn down the blessings of God upon
us, your constant care and endeavours to promote the good of all your sub-
jects, the great zeal and concern you have always she\\Ti for the Church of
England as by laAV established, your exemplary piety and devotion in it, your
extraordinary charity and bounty to it, which shew you at once to be the
glory and ornament as well as the support of it, to the unanimity of our pub-
lic counsels, which your Majesty has so often and so earnestly pressed upon
your subjects, and at last so happily effected, to the excellent conduct of your
incomparable general, whom your great prudence has so wisely chose, and the
bravery and resolution of your troops whom your priaicely favour has so much
encouraged.

AxD Ave of this Corporation in particular think ourselves in a peculiar man-
ner bound to express our sentiments of joy, and humbly to congratulate your
Majesty for that incomparable courage and conduct which a noble branch of
your Majesty's royal family, his highness the Duke of Cambridge, has shewn
upon this occasion at an age which seemed not yet to be ripe for war and the
early proof which his glorious action has given how great things may justly
be expected from him hereafter.

We cannot therefore but think ourselves obliged to renew to your Majesty
upon this happy occasion the assurances of our firm and unshaken loyalty to
your sacred person and government, and our unfeigned zeal and affection to
your service, and to pray to God to continue his blessings to you that you
may accomplish those noble and excellent designs in which you have already
made so great and glorious a progress.

In testimony of this our humble address we have unanimously caused our
common seal to be affixed, the fifth day of August, in the seventh year of your
Majesty's reign. Anno Domini, 1708.(1)

On the death of the Queen's consort, Prince George of Denmark,
the University published a collection of Latin and Greek verses,
entitled " Epicedium Cantabrigiense in Serenissimum Danise Princi-
pem Georgium, Augustissimae Reginse Annas Conjugem, per Univer-
sam Regni Britannici Ditionem Rei Navalis ac Maritimse Prsefectum,
&c."(2) Amongst the authors were Dr. John Covell Vicechancellor,
William Pierrepont Earl of Kingston of Trinity College only son of
the Marquess of Dorchester, Charles Hervey of Clare Hall eldest
son of John Lord Hervey, Henry James D.D. President of Queens'
College, Charles Roderick D.D. Provost of King's College and Dean
of Ely, Richard Bentley D.D. Master of Trinity College, Joshua
Barnes Greek Professor, Laurence Eusden of Trinity College, Styan
Thirlby of Jesus College, Nicholas Claget Librarian of Trinity Col-
lege afterwards Bishop of Exeter, and Daniel Waterland M.A. fellow
of Magdalene College.

( 1 ) Corporation Couchcr.

(2) " CautHbrigia-, Typis Academicib MDCCVlll." fo.

8 (J ANNE [1709

1709.

On the 3rd of July, died William Worts(i) of Cambi-idge, Esq., who
by his will, dated the 21st of June, charged an estate in Landbeach,
and two houses in King's College Lane, with £30. per annum, " to
" the use of the poore Children which now are or shall be hereafter
*' taught in the scverall Schools in Cambridge commonly called the
*• Charity Schools lately set up chiefly by the care of the pious &
" learned Mr. Wliiston."(2) Oa the determination of certain life
estates he gave and devised all his manors, messuages, and lands
in Landbeach, and his two houses in King's College Lane, to Dr.
Roderick Provost of King's College, Dr. Bentley Master of Trinity
College, Dr. James Master of Queens' College, Dr. Covell Master
of Christ's College, and Sir John Ellis Master of Gonville and Caius
College their heirs and assigns for ever. He also gave them the
sum of £3000. upon trust to pay his aunt Ann Daye £150. per
annum during her life, and after her death he willed the annual
income of his lands and money to accumulate till £1500 should be
raised, which sum was to be expended in erecting galleries in Great
St. Mary's church for the use of the Bachelors of Arts and Under-
graduates that they might the more decently and conveniently hear
the sermon. He then directed a further sum of £1500. to be ap-
plied to making a calcey or causeway from Emmanuel College to
Hogmagog alias Gogmagog Hills, for which an act of parliament
was to be obtained if necessary. He further directed that £40. a
year should be laid aside for maintenance and repair of that causc-
Avay and the galleries in such proportions as to his trustees should
seem fit. He willed that when the galleries and causeway were
finished, an annual pension of £100. each should be paid to tAVO
young Bachelors of Arts who should be sent into foreign countries
soon after they have taken that degree, and should continue there
for two years, each of them taking different roads and writing once
a month a Latin letter to the Vicechancellor describing the countries
he had seen, which letters are to be deposited in the Public
Library. Directions are given as to the mode of electing these Bache-

(1) The g-entleman Avhose benefactions are here recorded was of Catharine Hall, B.A.
1698, M. A. 1702. He was son of William Worts of Cains College, one of the Esquire Bedels,
who died 6th March, 17U3-4. Messrs. Lysons (Cambridg-eshire, 156 n.) erroneously attribute
these benefactions to the father, as does Mr. Gunning (Ceremonies of the Univ. of Camb.
410) and the Cambridge Calendar. In Uryden's Miscellany Toems, (ed. 1716, vi. 244 — 246),
are these " To the Right Honourable the Lord Villiers, on his taking his Master of Arts De-
" gree at Cambridge in the year 1700. By Mr. William Worts of Cambridge." " To a Witty
" and Genteel Lady. By the same Hand." " Presenting a Father's Advice to his Daugh-
" ter. By the same Hand." " ^Viittcu la the Clunk Leaf of a Lady's Trior. Bv the same
'• Hand."

,2) Vide ante, y. 04.

1700-10] ANXE. g^

lors, and for filling- up vacancies amongst his trustees. The over-
plus of the proceeds of bis estate and money he gave to the Public
Library.(i)
1709"! In an act imposing window duties, which received the royal as-
rsent on the 18th of January, is a clause enacting and declaring
that every edifice having twenty windows or more in any of the
Universities, being severally in the occupation of any person or
persons, should be subject to the same rates and duties payable
by that act, as if it were an entire house, any former law or sta-
tute to the contrary notivithstanding.(2)

On the 9th of February, the House of Commons resolved that
the election of Mr. Shepheard as one of the Members of Parlia-
ment for the TownC'^) was void. The Committee of Privileges and
Elections had reported in Mr. Shepheard's favour. The report and
resolutions of the Committee and the proceedings of the House
thereupon are subjoined: —

JOVIS, 90. DIE FeBRUARII, AxXO 80. AXN.TS Regix.'e,
Mr. Comptox reported from the Committee of Privileges and Elections, the
Matter, as it appeared to them, touching the Election for the Town of Cam-
bridge, and the Resolutions of the Committee thereupon, which they had di-
rected him to report to the House; and he read the Report and Resolutions
in his Place, and afterwards delivered them in at the Clerk's Table; where
they were read, and are as follow; viz.

Upox^ the Petition of Thomas Bendish, Esquire, complaining of an undue
Election, and Return, of John Hind Cotton, mnd Samviel Shepard, junior.
Esquires, for the Town of Cambridge:
That the Numbers on the Poll were,
For John Hind Cotton, Esquire, "I Sitting ( 125,
For Samuel Shepard, Esquire, / Members, \ 101,

For the Petitioner 80.

That the Counsel for the Petitioner admitted that Mr. Cotton was duly
elected ; but insisted, that the Petitioner had a Majority of Mr. Shepard, of
such Persons, as were qualified to vote ; and that Mr. Shepard's Election was
procured by Bribery, and other illegal Practices.

In the fir&t Place the Counsel for the Petitioner insisted, that the Right
of Election is in such Freemen only, as had a Right to their Freedom by
Birth, or Service, or who were admitted to their Freedom by Redemption, or
Purchase, and who did not receive Alms, or any other Charity.

That the Counsel for the sitting Members insisted, that the Right of Elec-
tion is in the Mayor, Bailiffs, Burgesses, or Freemen, at large.

That the Counsel for the Petitioner, to prove the Right of Election, called
Thomas Gale, who said, that he has been a Freeman in Cambridge 22
Years; and that the Right of Election is in the Mayor, Bailiffs, and Bur-
gesses, who had a Right to Freedom by Birth, or Service, or who have it by

(1) MS. Baker, xxxi. 20;{.

(2) Stat. 8 Ann. c. 10. s. 11.

(3) Vide ante, p. Si.

88 ANNE. [1709-10

Purchase; and that he hath inspected the ancient Books of the Town, being
assisted therein by Mr. John York, and finds, that for 62 Years past, there
is no mention made of any honorary Freemen made there, till King James
the Second's Time, when the late Lord Dover, and about Fourscore more Per-
sons, were made such by a new Set of Magistracy, (1) and has been present
at several Elections for Cambridge, when many of those Persons demanded to
poll, but they were always refused.

That in the Year 1706-7, the then Mayor dying about Six Weeks before
his Mayoralty expired, one Mr. Fox was chose Mayor for the Remainder of
the Time ;(2) wherein were made Two honorary Freemen viz. Mr. Francis She-
pard, and Mr. Gatward :(3)

And in Mr. Fowle's Time, the next Mayor, 11 or 12 Persons were admitted
to be honorary Freemen,(4) Six whereof were Londoners, and the rest Country
Gentlemen ; and two more were admitted, when Mr. Fox, senior, was Mayor :
And that all the said honorary Freemen, so admitted after the Year 1706-7,
voted for the sitting Member, Mr. Shepard.

That the Fine, upon a Freeman's Admission by Purchase, is 10/. but is
often mitigated according to the Circumstances of the Person, his own Fine
being reduced to 405.

The said Gale being asked, in what Hand, and Language, the old Books
were WTOte;

He answered, in Court Hand, and in English.

That the said Books being produced, the Admittances to Freedoms appeared
to be in Latin.

Mr. John York said, that all Freemen have been admitted to vote, except
those honorary Freemen, that were made in King James the 2d's Time.

That the Counsel for the sitting Member called Sir John Cotton (the
Recorder) and Mr. Tho. Ewin ; who said, they are Freemen of Cambridge,
and know, that all Burgesses always voted, whether they lived in, or out of,
the Town, excepting those admitted in King James the 2d's Time.

That Mr. Recorder said further, that he has known honorary Freemen ad-
mitted for Cambridge, for 40 Years past ; and that Sir Wm. Wren, Sir Tho.
Hatton, and 20 more, were admitted as such in King Charles the 2d's Time ;
and knows, that all such (excepting those made in King James the 2d's Time)
always voted : That he has served for the said Town in several Parliaments ;
and they were admitted to poll, and he was chose by them.

That the Town Books being produced, there appeared several Admittances
of Persons to Freedoms for the said Town, gratis, or with Remittances of
the Fines, in Queen Eliz. and King James the Ist's Time, and in King
Charles the 2d's Reign.

Upon this Evidence the Committee came to the following Resolution ; viz.

Resolved, That it is the Opinion of this Committee, That the Right of
electing Burgesses, to serve in Parliament for the Towti of Cambridge, is in
the Mayor, Bailiffs, and Freemen, not receiving Alms.

(1) Vide Vol. ill, p. 640,

(2) James Fletcher died 8th Aug-. 1706, and on the 10th, Thomas Fox junr. was chosen
Mayor for the remainder of the year.

(3) Samuel Shepheard jun. Esq. citizen and merchant of London, and Samuel Gatward of
Cambridg-e Esq. had the freedom gratis, 16 Aug. 1706.

(4) April 29, 1707, the freedom was voted to Sir Eoger Jenyns of Ely, Knt., John Cotton
of Madingley Esq., John Hatton of Long-stantou Esq., John Brownhil of Willingham Esq.,
Ralph Monk of Haddenham Esq., William Bancroft of Freshing-field Suffolk Gent., Francis
Shepheard of London Esq., Francis Chamberlain, James Pymin and John Johnson all of
London merchants, and John Clenchc of Bottisham Esq.

1700-10] ANXE. 89

TiiEX the Counsel for the Petitioner proceeded to disqualify several of the
sitting Member's Votes, upon account of Bribery, and treating after the Teste
of the Writ; and for that Purpose called

Thomas Jones ; who said, that he, being a Freeman, promised to vote for
Mr. Bendish ; but the Evening before the Election, one Richard Parker, and
another Person, came to him, and told him, that a Chapman of his staid to
speak with him at the Magpye Alehouse ; whither he went with them ; and
they treated him with Beer, to the value of I2d. or 18f/. and then took him
with them to the Black Bear Inn; where he saw Mr. Good, Mr. Wenda, and
about 12 more of Mr. Shepard's Friends; with whom he supped; and was
there made very drunk, and carried to Bed in a Room in the Inn; and in
the Morning, when he would have went to the Election, he found himself
lockt in ; and, when the Door was opened, the said Parker, and others, plied
him so hard with Hotpots, that, when they brought him to the Election, he
polled for the sitting Member, contrary to his former Intention; and that, in
Consideration thereof, he having a Considerable Quantity of Meat in his Shop
the Morning of the Election, it was all fetched to Mr. Rumball's (a Vintner,
and Servant to Mr. Shepard's) Tavern, who paid him an Half-peny per Pound
above the Market Price for the same.

John Davis said, that on the 28th of April, 1708, he, being at the Rose
Tavern in Cambridge, saw Mr. Warder and Mr. Hill there ; who called for
one Pint, and then a 2d. of white Wine, and offered to pay for the same ;
but Mr. Rumball told them, he had Orders from his Master Shepard, to treat
all his Friends ; and he took them to be such, and therefore they were wel-
come : And they voted for the sitting Member.

Joseph Thompson said, that his Father dying, he went to the Hall, to
demand his Freedom by Inheritance, but was put off from time to time, till
he pretended to Mr. Fox, the Town Clerk, that he would vote for Mr. She-
pard : upon which Fox told him, that, if he had imagined that before, he
should have lost no Time ; and admitted him to his Freedom forthwith ; but
then he voted for the Petitioner,

Thomas Sanders said, that his Father had promised to vote for the Peti-
tioner, but falling sick before the Election, Mr. Tho. Fox junior (the Town
Clerk) and some others, came to him, and persuaded him to give his Vote
for the sitting Members, and gave him 5s. and Rumball, Mr. Shepard's Vint-
ner, sent him home some Wine ; but he was threatened, if he did not give
his Vote, as was expected, they would ruin him, by taking out Executions
upon Two Judgments, that lay against him in the Mayor's Court ; and Mr.
Rumball, having gotten an Assignment of his arrears of Rent, threatened to
seize all his Goods : To avoid all which Mischiefs, he promised to vote for
the sitting Member ; and was accordingly taken out of his Bed, and carried
to poll by Two of Mr. Rumball's Servants : And the Town Clerk told tho
said Saunders, junior, that he had been with several other Freemen, who had
Business in the Mayor's Court, to procure their Votes in the same Manner
for the sitting Member.

That, after the Election, he had one Lindsey in his Custody, who was con-
fined upon a Verdict, for Sol. Damages at the Suit of the Petitioner, for abus-
ing him with a Scandal of Bribery ;(1) and whilst he was in his Custody,
several of the sitting Member's Friends promised to make him easy, and he

(1) Si'c tlio <u«o of'Bcndirth against Limlsey, Mo.'.prii Reports, xi. 93.
VOL. IV M

90 ANNE. [1709-10

was ordered to carry him to one Mr. Pike, a Person concerned for Mr. She-
pard, who gave a Note for the Payment of the said 35/.

That the Postea upon the Verdict was produced, and admitted by the
Counsel for the sitting Member.

Sell Crask said, that one John Thurlow, who lives in the Mint,(l) told
him, that he had promised to vote for the petitioner; but that, upon Appli-
cation to him by Mr, Shepard's Friends, and giving him 125. and a Promise
to bear all his charges in his Journey to Cambridge, he was prevailed upon
to give his Vote for Mr. Shepard.

Joseph Wilson said, that Mr. Shepard applied to him for his Vote ; but
he told him, he durst not go to Cambridge, because he owed one Mr. Hal-
stead 51. 5s. 4:d. and Mr. Pike 3/. 35. to Avhich Mr. Shepard told him, he
should be made easy, and he would get him a Discharge of those Debts.

That, when he came there, he was employed at Work by a Friend of the
Petitioner's ; but, when he had told him, that he could not vote for him, he
was turned off; and applying himself to Mr. Shepard, Mr. Rumball, and Mr.
Ewin, and acquainting them therewith, they promising him Work ; and Mr.
Shepard telling him, he durst not give him any Money, because that would
keep him from coming into the House of Commons, and Mr. Pike only tel-
ling him, that he would not trouble him for his Debt, he did not depend
upon their Promises but voted for the Petitioner.

Charles Piercy said, that one Glover's Daughter was indicted, and fined,
for taking unlawful Interest ; and he demanding the Fine, which was 41. was
told by Sir John Cotton and Mr. Shepard, she should not pay it : Her Father
voted for Mr. Shepard.

George Flower said, that Charles Roper told him, that Mr. Shepard,
Sir John Cotton, and the Mayor, fetched him out of Gaol, otherwise he
might have remained there during his Life. And Jacob Martin said, that
the said Roper owed 44/. to the Corporation, and he was abated 24/. thereof;
and that he heard Sir John Cotton tell the said Roper, he should be made
easy as to the rest, if he voted for Mr. Shepard; and was made one of the
Serjeants of Mace.

Cha. Inman said, that Richard Sanders being fined for keeping a disor-
derly House he heard the To^vn Clerk tell him, if he would vote for both
the sitting Members he would discharge him from any further Prosecution ;
but he refusing to vote for both, the Town Clerk took but 13s. 4d. of him
upon his Promise to vote for Mr. Shepard.

Mr. Gale said, that he, seeing Mr. Shepard talking with Morley's Wife,
and putting something into her Hand, asked her, if that was all the Money
she had given her ? She told him, she could have more Money, when she
wanted it.

That he heard Tho. Goode often promise to vote for the Petitioner, and
was ready to go do-n-n for that Purpose; but understanding Mr. Bendish
would give no Money, he told him, he had Two Guineas for himself of Mr.
Shepard, and 125. for his Horse, and his Charges were borne on the Road,
and for that Reason he voted for the sitting Member.

That John Spurling (a Porter in the Strand) promised him to vote also
for Mr. Bendish ; but he was taken off by Mr. Shepard giving him a Guinea,
and 12s. for his Horse; and went down and voted for the sitting Members;

(1) The Mint in Soutliwaik, a sanctuary for debtors.

1709-10] ANNE. 91

and the morning after the Election, understanding, that Good had more than
he, for going down to vote, he made Application for more Money ; and Mr.
Parker told him he had a Guinea for him ; but that not satisfying him, he
got another Guinea from Mr. Chamberlaine, who were Mr. Shepard's Friends ;
and he was with them in the Tavern at the same time.

Mil. Davis said, that Spurling, who had promised him to vote for the Pe-
titioner, was taken off by Mr. Shepard; who gave him Three Guineas, and
12«. more to hire a Horse, to go down; and he voted for the sitting Mem-
ber; and since the Election he promised to give him 10/. more after the
Cause should be over before the Committee, for the service he had done him.

Mary Curd said, that the Town Clerk and Joseph Lindsey(l) came to her
Husband's House and proffered him 5/. for his Vote for the sitting Members ;
and he told them he had promised the Petitioner : They violently forced him
into a Coach near the Door, and carried him to the Bear, and there made
him drunk, and locked him up all Night, and keeping him hot, he voted for
the sitting Member, but had nothing for his Vote : That she being arrested
at one Weston's Suit for 21. 4s, she applied to Mr. Shepard for some Money
upon the Account of the Promise ; he told her he could give her none ; but,
withal, if she offered to go to give Evidence against him, she should rot in
a Gaol : And has been arrested since she came to Town.

Mr. John Welbore said, that Mr, Shepard, senior, has for several Years
past, and now keeps the Rose Tavern in Cambridge, and Mr. Wm. Rumball,
an Alderman, manages the same, as his Agent ; where a Club is kept of a
Majority of the Aldermen, and Common-council-mcn, who have the sole Power
of the Corporation, and make who they please, honorary Freemen.

That Mr, Shepard, the sitting Member, by often treating this Club got into
their Favour, and was admitted to stand a Candidate, after he had given
them as much Wine, as would have drowned them.

That the Club, to serve the sitting Member, agreed to make Eleven hono-
rary Freemen ; Four whereof the sitting Member brought with him from London.

That the sitting Member, for the greater Security of his Election, applied
himself to those Persons, that had promised the Petitioner their Votes ; and
in a Day or Tavo prevailed with 16 of those to vote for him, and particularly
one Morley, who voted for him, after he had promised to vote for the Peti-
tioner to Dr. Coville.

That Joseph Lindsey came to him, and told him, the sitting Member had
given him Money, to dispose of for Votes, and if the Petitioner would give
him 0 or 10/. he would lay it out among the Freemen, and secure his Elec-
tion ; but he, the said Welbore, telling him, that the Petitioner would give
no Money upon any Account, relating to the Election, the said Lindsey, in
llevenge went about the Town Avith some Guineas in his Hands, and told

(1) " In the foundation of Trinity CoUcg-e are comprised twenty paupers, called bcads-
" men, who receive pensions of £6. each, with a livery : these are usually old servants or rc-
" tainers of the College, whose age and good conduct deserve such a provision. In 1715,
" the Master proposed to the Seniority to till up two vacancies with persons reconnnended
" to him by a gentleman of the county: one was an alehouse keeper; the other, Joseph
" Lindsay, had merited this patronage by being the leader of the Tory mob at the late clec-
" tion. To the first, Avho was unknown to them, the FelloAvs made no objection ; but on
" the mention of the other the whole meeting started with astonishment; they alleged that
" he was the most worthless and notorious character in the town, the universal ring-leader
" in all riots and disturbances. Bentley replied, then by his appointment the College was
" sure to be protected from rioters ; and added, that it was for their interest to oblige tlie
" gentlemen of the county : but when lie found that neither his jokes nor his arguments
" availed, he declared that he would elect this man with the single vote of Mr. Brabourn, an
" unfortunate personage of impaired intellects, who was now become his ucver-fuilijig auii-
" porter."— Monk, Lite of iJeiillev, i. oiil.

92 ANXE. [1709-10

the People, the Petitioner had given him them for his Vote ; for which
Scandal the Petitioner brought his Action against him, and recovered SoL
Costs and Damages.

That upon the Day of the Election, just as the Poll began, he lookt upon
his Watch, and found the Time to be a Quarter of an Hour after Eleven,
and the Poll ended just about Twelve a Clock; and that during the Heat of
the Poll, there were two Proclamations made, and about half a Quarter of
an hour after the 3rd and last Proclamation was made ; and in Two or Three
Minutes after adjourns into the Parlour, for half an Hour ; and one "Wise-
man coming in Two Minutes after, and demanded to be polled for the Pe-
titioner ; as also did John Sell ; and Wiseman's Name was taken down on
the Poll, but the sitting Member ordered it to be struck out ; and Sell was
refused to be polled; and thereupon the Poll was immediately cast up.

Francis Peircy, Esquire, said, that Joseph Lindsey came to him, and
desired he would apply to the Petitioner, to give him 5 or 10/. to distribute
among the Freemen, and he would procure the same Interest for him, as he
had done for the sitting Member, who had given him several Five Pounds for
that Purpose; and that Robert Allen (who is since dead) told him, that he
had the Liberty of going to the Rose Tavern every Morning, for a half a
Year before the Election, to the Day thereof, and calling for a Rummer of
Sack, without paying anything for it; and for that Reason, in point of Grati-
tude, he thought himself obliged to Vote for the sitting Member, though he
had promised to Vote for the Petitioner: It appeared by the Poll, that he
voted for Mr. Shepard and Mr. Bendish.

Tho. Sanders said, that Edward Morley told him, he Avent to wait upon
the sitting Member, to get some Money of him ; but he not being at home,
his Father gave him 20*. and that Doctor Coville suing him for £5. he had
Money given him, to discharge the same, and might have had enough to pay
the Costs also, if he had got the Bill thereof in time.

John Brook said, that the said Morley told him, that the sitting Member
gave him a Guinea, before he polled; and, when he had done, gave him
another Guinea, to drink his Health.

Sell Crask said, that James Whitlock told him, he had promised to vote
for the Petitioner; but he being employed to take the Poll, had Two Guineas
for the same, and voted for the sitting Member: The Poll held about Three
Quarters of an Hour.

Mr. Gale said, that he knows Francis Web, and was with him, when he
was askt for his Vote for the sitting Member by Mr. Rumball ; and upon his
promising to vote for him, he saw Mr. Craddock give him his Coat, and Rum-
ball gave him a Hat, Wig, Waistcoat, Breeches, Stockings, and Shoes: It
was about Two Months before the Election.

Then the Petitioner's Counsel proceeded to disqualify some of the sitting Mem-
ber's Votes, upon the Account of receiving Alms : To prove which, they called

Mr. Francis PiERCY; who said, that he knows Richard Nicholson receives
2s. per Week, as Alms, of the Parish, where he lives : Which was admitted
by the Counsel for the sitting Members.

Tho. Saunders and Mr. York said, That Thomas Munns is a poor Chair-
maker, and always receives Part of the Money given at the Communions ; and
is so poor, that the Parish have more than once raised Money, to pay his
Debts, or else his Family must have been thrown upon the Parish:

And, that Stephen Perry lives in an Almshouse as keeper thereof and lives
Rent-free.

1709-10] ANNE. 93

That the said Perry lives very well, but does take his Share in tlie Charity
of the Basket.

That the Counsel for the sitting Members alleged, that, notwithstanding
all the Petitioner's Evidence, the Majority of the Poll will remain with the
sitting Member •

And, that the Pretence of Bribery is not to be supported by hearsay Evi-
dence :

And that the sitting Member is so far from being a Stranger to Cambridge,
that he was recommended thither by the ancient Family of the Cottons, and
agreed to be a Candidate by the Corporation: and that, on the contrary, the
Petitioner seldom resides in that County.

That the Petitioner procured several of his Votes by Bribery, and Promises
of Places : To prove which, they called

Hugh Chogan ; who said, that he intended to vote for the sitting Mem-
ber ; but one Mr. Jorden applied to him, to give a single Vote for the Pe-
titioner, and told him, he should have 40s. and, the more to induce him to
give such single Vote, Captain Love promised to get up his Bond of 121. which
he has owed to one Mr. Stanton 16 or 17 Years : Upon which he went to the
sitting Member, and begged his Pardon, for that he could not Vote for him,
as he intended; who bid him please himself; Upon which Jorden paid him
the 40*. and he gave a single Vote for the Petitioner; but has not his Bond
delivered up, by reason of Captain Love's Death, who undertook to get it for
him.

That the said Jorden went to Sea about 12 Months since ; and that he never
had any Gratuity, or Promise from the sitting Member.

To prove the contrary whereof, the Petitioner's Counsel produced a Paper,
signed by the said Hugh Crogan, and which he owned to be his Hand which
was read :

Whereby he testifies, that Joseph Lindsey offered him Three Pound, to vote
for the sitting Member, or procure him as much Money, as would take up
his Bond from Mr. Stanton ; and that Morley told him, he had received 51.
for voting for the sitting Member, which, Lindsey owned, the sitting Member
paid to the said Morley.

But the said Crogan said, he never knew the Contents of the said Paper,
till now he heard it read ; but that he was sent for to the Petitioner, where
was present only Mr. Gale ; and they desired him to set his Hand to a Paper,
which, they said would do them Service ; and he, not suspecting anything of
this kind, signed the same.

And, to confront the said Crogan, the Counsel for the Petitioner called the
said Mr. Gale ; who said, the Petitioner himself drew the said Paper from
Crogan's own Mouth ; and that the same was read over to him, before the same
Avas signed: Which the said Crogan absolutely denied.

Henry Cole; who said, that the said Tho. Gale applied to him for his Vote
for the Petitioner, and threatened him, if he did not give him a Vote, it should
be the worse for him, in respect of some Debts, he then owed in the Town,
which he would take care should be put in Prosecution against him ; but that
on the contrary, if he would vote for the Petitioner, he would undertake for his
Preferment; and, to that End, ordered him to meet the Petitioner at Six
a Clock that Evening ; which he doing, the Petitioner told him, he would do
what he could, to get him a Tide-waiter's Place ; upon which Promise he voted
for the Petitioner ; and after he voted, he applied to Mr. Gale for some Money ;
who carried him to an Inn, where Mr. Bcndvsh was ; and then he had 10s. of

94 xVNXE. [1700-10

a Gent. Mr. Gale brought to him ; otherwise he intended to have voted for Mr.
Shepherd,

Wm. Mitchell said, that he, living about 40 Miles from Cambridge, was
desired to give his Vote for both the sitting Members, as he had formerly
done for Mr. Cotton's Family ; and he fully resolved so to do, till he re-
ceived a Letter from Mr. Martin, of Ely, that he should have any thing,
if he would vote for the Petitioner : and he agreed so to do, for Four
Guineas ; which Promise was confirmed by him to Mr. Stanton ; and after
he had so voted, he went to Mr. Stanton, the Petitioner's Friend, who was
to have paid him the Four Guineas ; but he would give him but lOs. telling
him he could afford no more, Mr. Bendish having lost the Day, though his
Journey, and attending the Election, cost him Two Guineas ; and he since
giving the Letter to one Creamer, of Lynn, an Attorney, to sue upon the
Promise, the said Attorney has stifled the same : That he never had any
Money, or Promise, from the sitting Members.

Then Joseph Lindsey was called in ; who said, that Mr. Gale applied
to him for his Vote for the Petitioner, and offered him 100^ for a Year or
Two, without Interest for the same : but, when the Petitioner came into the
Country, Lindsey applied to him for such Money ; but not being able to
give such Security, as the Petitioner expected, he offered him only the loan
of 20^. which he did not take.

That Dr. Butler, a Divine,(I) meeting the said Lindsey, ask'd him, what
he should give him for his single Vote for the Petitioner : The said Lind-
sey told him, he would have Six Guineas for his Vote, and have the Liberty
of Voting for Mr. Shepard also : and the Doctor gave him the Six Guineas,
and he voted accordingly.

That he never had any Money, or Treats, from the sitting Member.

Eliz. Richardson, servant to Mrs. Wenda, said, that Dr. Butler came
to her Mistress, and desired to borrow some Money, for the service of Mr.
Bendish ; and accordingly borrowed Six Guineas of her, which, he said, was
to give to Mr. Jos. Lindsey, to promote an Interest for the Petitioner ;
and he afterwards came to her, and told her, Lindsey had taken the Money
of him, and had published it abroad; but that he would not discoA-er, he had
the Money of her.

Edwaiid Stephenson said, that the Petitioner solicited him for his Vote :
and Mrs. Love threatened him, if he did not vote for the Petitioner, she
would lay him in Gaol for what he owed her ; but, if he would vote for him,
he should have time to pay the Money.

Richard Sanders said, that he kept a publick house at the last Election
in Cambridge, and Mr. Gale Avith Mr. Stanton, came to him the Day be-
fore the Election, and solicited him and his Friends' Votes for the Peti-
tioner, bidding him let them, and all other the Petitioners Voters, eat and
drink what they would, he would pay it ; and has received Part of the Money
from Mr. Gale.

Simon Yarrengton said, that he saw the Petitioner, and Mr. Welbore,
Mr. York, and Mr. Wells, the Day before the Election, take Mr. John Day
into a Parlour; where they solicited him for his Vote for the Petitioner,
telling him if he would so do, he should have the Carriage of all Mr.
Turner's, of Lynn's, Wine, which would be worth to him 150/. per Annum ;
and threatened to keep him there all Night, till the Election the next Day ;

{I) John Lu'.k'i- LL.P. Rector of "\V;illiugt(jii, llcrlfordbhirc, aiiduniicro) Cannvcll Priory.

1709-10] ANNE 9^

and the said York told him, he should have oO/. without Interest, after he
had voted. But lie voted for the Sitting Members.

Abioael Allen said, that Mr. Turner and Gale promised her Husband
a Hat and Coat, if he would vote for the Petitioner, which he did do, and
received the same accordingly,

James Pymm said, that, the Night before the Election, Mr. Jones came to
the Black Bear, and told the said Pymm, that he was offered, if he would vote
for the Petitioner, to have the Custom of the Falcon Club; and that the
said Jones desired one Parker to lock him into a Room, that he might have
an Excuse for not voting for the Petitioner; and he was desired by the
Petitioner's Friends to report false Evidence, to hurt the sitting Member's
Election.

And further said, that Mr. Curd being sick, it was at his own Desire, that
he was removed to and lay at the Black Bear, the Night before the Election,
to be freed from the Petitioner, and his Friends' Importunities ; and his Wife
told the said Pymm, if he had set his Hand to any Paper, the Petitioner had
got for him, it was imposed on him ; and that Good, Spurling, and Morley,
told him, they never received any thing from the sitting Member.

Mr. Rumball said, he was so far from treating upon the sitting Member's
Account, that he ordered all the Drawers, not to draw a drop of Wine upon
Mr. Shepard's Account, without taking Money for the same.

Tho. Fox junior. Town Clerk, said, he knows Thomas Saunders ; but that
he never threatened his Father, or ever gave him anything for his Vote ;
and that he meeting Mr. Gale, Two Days before the Election, he asked him
for 40^. Avhich he owed him; who told him, he had expended so much Money
upon the Petitioner's Account, that he could not pay him then, but would
the next Week, when he expected to receive Money of the Petitioner: And
that he went with the Mayor, to wait upon the Petitioner, he sending for
them; when the Petitioner soliciting the Mayor for his Interest, he told him,
it was too late, for he had engaged himself to vote for the sitting Member :
The Petitioner then desired the Mayor, to give his Officers Leave to vote
for him ; saying, if the sitting Members had more Friends, than he had,
below, he had more Friends, than they, above ; and, if he lost the Election,
he would give the Corporation the trouble of attending his Petition in the
House of Commons.

Sm John Cotton said, he was so far from influencing Roper's Vote for the
sitting Members, in Cambridge Gaol, that he never was in the Gaol in his
Life, and does not know Roper, if he sees him.

Wm. Cole said, that he was Crier at the Poll ; and that the Election was
carried on in the same Manner, as usual: and Four Proclamations made ac*
cordingly; and no body appearing to Poll, the Court was adjourned into the
Parlour, joining to the Town Hall, to cast up the Books, as always was done
at former Elections ; and that the Poll held Two or Three Hours.

Mr. Charles Chambers said, that he took the Poll; and never was at
a fairer Election ; and that the Reason, why Mr. Wiseman and Sell were not
polled, was because they did not come into the Town Hall, till the Poll was
over, but came afterwards to the Parlour, where no Person was ever admitted
to poll.

Then the Counsel for the Petitioner, by way of Reply, desired, the Record
of the Trial upon the Petitioners Action, which was laid for 1,000/. Damages,
against Mr. Jos. Lindsey, for Scandal might be read ; Wliich was read ac-

96 ANNE. [1709-10

cordingly ; whereby it appeared, that the Words, made use of by Lindsey, hold-
ing Three Guineas open in his Hand, were as follow :

" These Guineas, and Two more, and Two Half Guineas, are Mr. Bendish
" his Money, and were given me, to vote for him ; and he has bought my
"Vote; and he shall have it."

That the said Lindsey was found guilty of speaking the Words; and the
Petitioner had a Verdict for 40*. Damages, which, with the Costs of Suit
amounted to 35/,

And, to prove the Six Guineas, given to the said Lindsey, was neither by
the Petitioner's Order, or Knowledge, they called

Doctor Butler ; who said, that he meeting with the said Lindsey, he told
him, if he would engage to procure 20 Votes for the Petitioner, and the sitting
Member, Mr. Shepard, he would give him Six Guineas for that Purpose; which
Lindsey undertaking to do, he gave him the Money; solemnly affirming, that
it was without the Petitioner's Privity, or Knowledge ; and that he gave such
Money for the Petitioner's Interest, merely to the Regard and Friendship
he had for the Petitioner's Family, whose Grandfather had treated him with
an extraordinary Kindness, Avhen he was a Youth, and upon no other Account
whatsoever.

AxD that, upon the whole Matter the Committee came to the following Re-
solutions, viz.

2. Resolved, That it is the Opinion of this Committee That John Hind
Cotton, Esquire, is duly elected a Burgess, to serve in Parliament for the
Town of Cambridge.

3. Resolved, That it is the Opinion of this Committee, That Samuel She-
pard, Esquire, is duly elected a Burgess to serve in Parliament for the Town
of Cambridge.

The First Resolution being read a Second time;

Resolved, That the House do agree with the Committee, in the said Re-
solution, That the Right of electing Burgesses, to serve in Parliament for the
Town of Cambridge, is in the Mayor, Bailiffs, and Freemen, not receiving Alms.

The Second Resolution being read a Second time ;

Resolved, Nemine contradicente. That the House doth agree with the Com-
mittee, in the said Resolution, That John Hind Cotton, Esquire, is duly elected
a Burgess, to serve in Parliament for the Town of Cambridge.

The Third Resolution being read a Second time;

And a Motion being made, and the Question being put, That the House
doth agree with the Committee, in the said Resolution, That Samuel Shepard,
Esquire, is duly elected a Burgess to serve in Parliament for the Town of
Cambridge ;

The House divided:

The Noes go forth:

Tellers for the Yeas, ( H'' J^"^^"^' ] IG:

' \ Mr. Cotton : /

_ ,, . ,, ^T ( ^^^- Dolben, \

Tellers for the Noes, < ^, ,, >

( Mr. V ane : )

167
ane: )

So it passed in the Negative.

A Motion being made, and the Question being put, That Thomas Bendysh,
Esquire, is duly elected a Burgess, to serve in Parliament for the Town of
Cambridge ;

It passed in the Negative.

1710] ANNE. 97

Resolved, That the said Election for the Town of Cambridge is a void
Election.

A Motion being made, and the Question being put, That Mr, Speaker do
issue his Warrant to the Clerk of the Crown, to make out a new Writ for the
electing a Burgess to serve in this present Parliament for the Town of Cam-
bridge, in the County of Cambridge, in the room of Samuel Shepard, Esquire,
who is adjudged not to be dulj' elected j(l)

The House divided:

The Yeas go forth:

Tellers for the Yeas, ( H'- JJ°!^f "' ] 13G.

( Mr. Maisters : )

„ „ ( Mr. Duncomb, ")

Tellers for the Noes, I ^^^^ Folev ]

So it passed in the Negative.

Ordered, That Mr. Speaker do issue his Warrant to the Clerk of the Crown,
to make out a new Writ for electing a Burgess to serve in this present Par-
liament for the Town of Cambridge, in the room of Samuel Shepard, Esquire,
who is adjudged not to be duly elected. (2)

On the 22nd of February, Mr. Shepheard was again elected,(3) ap-
parently without opposition.

1710.

An act to regulate the price and assize of bread which received
the ro}'al assent on the 5th of April, contains the following pro-
viso : —

Provided always That neither this Act nor any Thing therein contained
shall extend or be construed to extend to prejudice the ancient Right or Cus-
tom of the Two Universities of Oxford and Cambridge or either of them or
their Clerks of the Market or the Practice within the several Jurisdictions there
used to set ascertain and appoint the Assize and Weight of all Sorts of Bread
to be sold or exposed to Sale within their several Jurisdictions but that they
shall and may severally and respectively from time to time as there shall be
Occasion set ascertain and appoint within their several and respective Juris-
dictions the Assize and Weight of all Sorts of Bread to be sold or exposed to
Sale by any Baker or other Person whatsoever within the Limits of their several
Jurisdictions and shall and may enquire and punish the Breach thereof as
fully and freely in all respects as they used to do as if this Act had never
been had or made Any thing herein contained to the contrary thereof not-
'vvithstanding.(4)

On the same day the royal assent was given to the Copyright
Act, which contains a clause empowering the Vicechancellors of the
Universities to settle the price of books and imposes penalties for

(1) There is obviously an error liere, and it appeal's by the Clerk's Minute Book that the
question upon which tlie House divided, was, " That no new Writ shall issue this Session,
for the electing a Burgess, to serve in Parliament for the Town of Cambridge," which
passing in the negative, a waiTant for a new writ was immediately ordered.

(2) Commons' Journals, xvi. 300 — 304.

(3) Corporation Common Day Book.

(4) Stat. 8 Ann. c. 19, s. 14.

VOL. IV. N

9S ANNE. [1710

selling books above the prices so set. This act also contains the
following clauses : —

Provided always and it is hereby enacted That Nine Copies of each Book
or Books upon the best Paper that from and after the said Tenth Day of
April One thousand seven hundred and ten shall be printed and published as
aforesaid or reprinted and published with Additions shall by the Printer and
Printers thereof be delivered to the Warehouse-Keeper of the said Company
of Stationers for the Time being at the Hall of the said Company before such
Publication made for the Use of the Royal Library the Libraries of the Uni-
versities of Oxford and Cambridge the Libraries of the Four Universities in
Scotland the Library of Sion College in London and the Library commonly
called the Library belonging to the Faculty of Advocates at Edinburgh respec-
tively which said "Warehouse-Keeper is hereby required within Ten Days after
Demand by the Keepers of the respective Libraries or any Person or Persons
by them or any of them authorized to demand the said Copy to deliver the
same for the Use of the aforesaid Libraries and if any Proprietor Bookseller
or Printer or the said Warehouse-Keeper of the said Company of Stationers
shall not observe the direction of this Act therein that then he and they so
making Default in not delivering the said printed Copies as aforesaid shall for-
feit besides the Value of the said printed Copies the Sum of Five Pounds for
every Copy not so delivered as also the "Value of the said printed Copy not so
delivered the same to be recovered by the Queen's Majesty Her Heirs and
Successors and by the Chancellor Masters and Scholars of any of the said
Universities and by the President and Fellows of Sion College and the said
Faculty of Advocates at Edinburgh with their full Costs respectively.

Provided That nothing in this Act contained shall extend or be construed
to extend either to prejudice or confirm any Right that the said Universities
or any of them or any Person or Persons have or claim to have to the print-
ing or reprinting of any Book or Copy already printed or hereafter to be
printed.(l)

On the 10th of May, the Corporation seal was affixed to the fol-
lowing address to the Queen : —

To THE Queen's most excellent Majesty.
The humble Address of the Mayor, Recorder, Aldermen, and Bur-
gesses of the Corporation of Cambridge assembled in Council.
Most gracious Sovereign,

We yoiir Majesty's loyal subjects, being deeply sensible of the invaluable
happiness we enjoy under the influence of yovir auspicious reign, cannot but
think ourselves in duty bound to express in the most respectful manner our
hearty zeal for the security and honour of your Majesty's sacred person and
government, especially at a time when the national reverence which is indis-
pensably due to Princes, is in danger from the seditious notions of the people's
power, and of Governors being liable to the censure and coercion of their
subjects, so boldly vented and industriously cultivated by a libertine and re-
publican faction.

We humbly beg leave to lay before your Majesty our abhorrence and detes-
tation of these mischevious and rebellious principles which naturally tend to
undermine the fundamentals of government, and shake the thrones of Princes,,
and to assure yo\ir Majesty that our utmost care and diligence shall be em-

(1) Stat. 8 Ann- c. 21, ss, 4, 5, 9.

1710] ANNE. 99

ployed to give effectual evidence of our sincere concern for the support and
preservation of the best constitution and the best of Queens by continuing to
choose such representatives as by their known regard for the rights of Princes
are thoroughly qualified and resolved to oppose the violent attempts of the
enemies of royal poAver, and to restrain those bold encroachments upon the
royal prerogative, which if not timely prevented will under the pretence of
liberty introduce a fatal licentiousness and disorder,

AxD may that Great God by whom Kings reign, so dispose the mind of
all degrees of your Majesty's subjects that they may entertain very respectful
sentiments of that authority derived from a power superior to any upon earth
and signalize themselves in all instances of Christian obedience and true Eng-
lish loyalty under your Majesty's gracious administration.! 1)

" The representatives of the University, the Hon. Arthur Annesley
** and the Hon. Dixie Windsor, had come as usual to visit their con-
" stitucnts at the Commencement, and happened to be passing tlie
^' evening with a select party of friends at the Rose tavern. The
''company who were all in the Tory interest, consisted of about ten
" persons ; among them were Sir John Cotton, member for the town
*' of Cambridge, a baronet of the oldest family in the county ; Tho-
" mas Paske, LL.D. of Clare Hall; Mr. Gooch, of Caius;(2) and Mr.
" Middleton, of Trinity College.(3) About ten o'clock the party was
^* surprised at the unceremonious entrance of Mr. Laughton,(^) pre-
*• ceded by a lictor, and followed by a number of under-graduates as
" his body guard. He immediately ordered the whole company to
" leave the house, and disperse to their respective colleges. Whe-
<* ther in this procedure he acted from error or design may admit
" of a doubt; but as no person of the company was in statu pupil-
" lari and amenable to his authority, there was no pretence or excuse
" for his interference. This strange visitation provoked much laughter:
" the Proctor, having intimated that he would not quit the room till
*' the party had dispersed, was invited by some to take his seat at the
" table ; others begged that he would dismiss his myrmidons ; one
" gentleman proposed to him the toast they were drinking, and that
*' toast was 'Doctor SacheverelL' Laughton's political feelings now
'' conspired with a sense of slighted authority to resent this affront,
" and he left the room with expressions of great indignation. But
" being a person not easily daunted, within an hour he again burst
" upon them, and summoned them to depart: the rudeness of his be-
" haviour only excited fresh merriment: at twelve o'clock lie made
" them a third visitation, at which time they had called for their

(1) Corporation Couchcr.

(2) Afterwards Master of that Colleg-e and Bishop of Ely.

(3) Conyers Middleton.

(-1) Tutor of Clare IIiU and Senior Proctor tlii? year.

100 ANNE. [1710

" reckoning. Bat the Proctor's wrath did not end with the evening :
" he drew up a formal complaint against the parties, which he pre-
" sented to the Vice Chancellor and Heads, demanding satisfaction for
" the affronts put upon him in the execution of his office, and calling
" for the punishment of the tavern-keeper. Alderman Langham,(i) as
" the harbourer of such lawless revellers. His complaint, being the
" mere effusion of temper, met with no attention from the superiors
" of the University; although the Vice Chancellor Dr. Roderick, Pro-
" vost of King's was considered of the Whig party as well as himself. "(2)

In July, Ward Grey Ashenshurst M.A. fellow of Trinity College,
appeared before the Vicechancellor and Heads at the instance of
Wolfran Stubbe D.D. Vicemaster of the same College, charged with
having in a conversation with John Craister M.A. another fellow
of the College, at the Cock tavern in Westminster, in February pre-
ceding, stated that '• Mr. Harley went still to court, and had the
" Queen's ear; that he knew how to please and tickle the Queen;
" for she is a superstitious, canting woman." Mr. Ashenshurst
made an able defence,(3) demonstrating that this paltry proceed-
ing originated in the disputes with which the College was then
agitated. No judgment was ever pronounced. (4)

The Mayor and Aldermen had for many years elected annually
on the 16th of August, a divine to preach at Sturbridge fair.(5)

(1) No such Alderman occurs in the Corporation records, -which, ho^vever, at this period
were not kept with great care.

(2) Monk, Life of Bentley, i. 288.

" This anecdote may serve as a proof how dangerous it is to indulge in the heats of
" faction, by which even the best and most gifted men may be led into the commission
" of extravagancies. The gentleman of whom we are speaking was not only a good dis-
" ciplinarian and good instructor, but deserves the praise of having taken the lead in
*' making the study of the true system of philosophy universal at Cambridge : for by
" choosing the Principia of Newton as the predominant subject both of the exercises in
" the schools and the mathematical examination for degrees, he enforced among the stu-
" dents the general attention to that immortal Avork, which has from his time never ceased
" to distinguish the University of Cambridge." — Monk.

(3) " It is a masterly piece, bearing internal evidence of the hand of Dr. Bentley, and
" displaying that legal acuteness which was subsequently so conspicuous in causes where
" he was himself engaged." — jNIonk.

(4) Monk, Life of Bentley, i. 262.

(5) The sermons were preached on each Sunday during the continuance of the fair in an
open square in the fair, and the preacher was remunerated by the voluntary contributions
of the booth-holders.

Dr. John Moore Avho was at this time Bishop of Ely, had been himself preacher at Stur-
bridge fair, 1671, 1672, 1673, and 1674. In the former year he signed the following note : —

" I DOE hereby acknowledge that the choice of a Preacher for Sturbridge fairs doth
" wholly belong to the Towne of Cambridge & that it doth not in the least apperteyne or
" belong to me or any other as Minister of Barnewell. Witnes my hand the seaven-
" teenth day of August, in the yeare of our Lord 1671.

" Jo. Moore Minister of Barnwell.

Similar notes appear to have been obtained on other occasions from the parties appointed.
Gervase Needham of Emmanuel College, was Sturbridge fair preacher from 1688 to 1703.
Whiston (Memoirs, 49,) mentions good sermons preached by Mr. Needham at Sturbridge
fair.

In 1711, the Mayor and Aldermen appointed Mr. Perkins sen. of St. John's College, Stur-
bridge fair Preacher, and on the 21st of August, the Corporation resolved to defray the

1710] ANNE. IQl

They usually chose the minister of Barnwell, bat this year they
appointed Henry Crispc M.A. fellow of King's College. Their
right to the nomination was disputed by the impropriator and
minister of Barnwell. On the 9tli of September the Mayor and
Aldermen resolved to make good that they had a right of pre-
sentment to the pulpit at Sturbridge fair.CU On the 11th, the im-
propriator and minister set forth an advertisement, intimating that
in vindication of their own just rights, and those of the future
patrons and ministers of the parish, they should deem the person
or persons, who had, or should presume, in opposition to them,
to preach within the parish bounds, to be intruders upon their
privileges ; and that they would use all lawful means to assert
and maintain their title against all such usurpers and their abet-
tors. Ife seems that proceedings were taken against Mr. Crispe,
and that he was censured in the Bishop of Ely's Court.(2)

On the 5th of October, there was a contested election for mem-
bers of the University. The candidates were the Hon. Dixie
Windsor (3) M.A. of Trinity College, Thomas Paske LL.D. fellow
of Clare Hall, William Shaw Esq. M.A. of St. John's College, and
Westby Gill Esq. M.A. of Jesus College. The votes were Windsor
201; Paske 149; Shaw 93; Gill 6U^)

The representation of the county was contested between John
Bromley Esq. of Horsehealh, John Jenyns Esq. of March, Sir
George Downing Bart., (5) and David Rowland Esq. of Haddenham.

charges of any action which might be brought against him by the Vicar of Barnwell, who
published the folloAving notice : —

" CAMBU. SErTEMBER IOtII, 1711.

" Whereas 'tis the resolution of the corporation of Cambridge, against the present incum-
" bent of Barnwell, to set up a preacher in Sturbridge Fair ; being led thereinto by arti-
" ficially persuading some of his predecessors into an illegal note, against the patron, his
" clerks and successors in the said living : And Sturbi'idge Fair being in the parish of Little
" St. Andrew's, Barnwell, and the ministers thereof have (when right and law prevail) time
" out of mind, without any disturbance (the said corporation of Cambridge finding alwaies
" a pulpit) performed the service of the two Lord's-days during the said fair, with their
" congregation, service-books, vestments, pulpit-ornaments, and parish-clark, in gratitude
" for the collection that hath been there alwaies made, for the better support of themselves
" under their small parochial income, till the last year 1710 ; for which intrusion, then, the
" unwary usurper was censured in the Bishop's ecclesiastical court ; These do humbly give
'* notice to the gentlemen of the fair, that the pulpit not being allowed this year as usual,
" and it not being known soon enough to provide one, the service of the Lord's-day, during
" this present fair, will be performed in the parish-church, morning and evening, by the
" minister of Barnwell.

•• Will. Piers."

Mr. Piers appears to have carried his point as no mention of a Sturbridge fair preacher
subsequently to 1711 occurs in the Corporation books. Dr. Ilurd Bishop of Worcester
was whilst fellow of Emmanuel preacher at Sturbridge fair.

(1) Corporation Common Day Book.

(2) Hist, of Barnwell Abbey (Sturbridge fair, 79.)

(3) Ke-clected 1712, on accepting the office of Storekeeper of the Ordnance.

(4) Aid. Xewton's Diary; Monk, Life of Bentlcy, i. 289.

(5) Fouiulcr of Dom ning College.

102 ANNE. [1710

The two first named were returned, the votes being Bromley 1973 ;
Jenyns 1912; Downing, 1311; Rowland 1280.(i)

On the 23rd of October, William Whiston M.A. Lucasian Pro-
fessor, appeared (in pursuance of a citation served upon him the
preceding day) at King's College Lodge before Dr. Roderick the
Vicechancellor and nine other Heads of Colleges,(2) to answer a
charge of having violated the 45th chapter of Queen Elizabeth's
statutes of the University by publishing and avowing Arian tenets,
in various publications, in catechetical lectures at St. Clement's, (3)
and at the old Coffee House on two occasions when the ministers
of Cambridge met there respecting the charity schools. Mr. Whis-
ton required to be furnished with copies of the statute he was
charged with having infringed and of the depositions against him.(4)
These were granted. He also prayed that a competent time might
be allowed for his defence and that he might have leave to go
to London for some weeks to procure the necessary papers. After
debate it was resolved that he should appear again on the 25th,
when he appeared accordingly at the same place before the Vice-
chancellor and eight other Heads.(5) A paper containing a sum-
mary of the positions objected to was then delivered him, and he
was solemnly admonished to leave his errors and return to the
doctrines of the Church of England on pain of banishment from
the University. He delivered in a paper in which he contended
that the statute was only applicable to public University exercises
which he had never performed, that St. Clement's Church was out
of the jurisdiction of the University, that most of the depositions
against him were of no value for want of precision as to time,
&c., that words spoken in a private conversation or at a coffee
house, or written in a private letter, and books printed and pub-
lished at London, were not within the statute, that he ought to
have been convened publicly in the Consistory, and the evidence
produced against him in a public court and not privately in a

(1) MS. Cole, xii. 120.

(2) Sir John Ellis Master of Caius Colleg-e, Dr. James Master of Queens' Colleg-e and Re-
gius Professor of Divinity, Dr. Blithe Master of Clare Kail, Dr. Balderston Master of
Emmanuel College, Dr. Covel Master of Christ's College, Dr. Richardson Master of Peter-
house, Dr. Ashton Master of Jesus College, Dr. Fisher Master of Sidney College, and Dr.
Lany Master of Pembroke Hall.

(3) Mr. Whiston was appointed Catechetical Lecturer at St. Clement's by Dr. Patrick
Bishop of Ely, who allowed him a salary. In consequence of the complaints against his
doctrine, Mr. \Vhiston gave up the lectureship in October, 1709.

(4) The witnesses were John Hughes and Samuel Townsend of Jesus College, John
Amyas and Thomas Macro of Caius College, and W^illiam Thackham of King's College.

j;5) Dr. Covel and Dr. Richardson were absent, but Dr. Gower Master of St. John's Col-
lege and Margaret Professor attended this meeting.

1710] ANNE. J03

chamber, where he had been asked many ensnaring questions,
whilst a friend who was willing to have assisted him was ex-
cluded. On the 30th, he appeared again, and after pleading the
Act of Grace as a bar to every thing which was objected against
him previously to the 19th of April, 1709, he protested against
the proceedings and took his leave. Whereupon he was sentenced
to be banished the University, and the following public Act was
drawn up : —

October, 30th, 1710.
At a Meeting of Mr. Vicechancellor, and the Heads of Colleges in the
University of Cambridge, in the Vicechancellor's Chamber, in
King's College, in the said University,
Whereas it hath been proved before Us, That William Whiston, Master
of Arts, Mathematick Professor of this University, hath asserted and spread
about in Cambridge, since the 19th day of April, 1709, divers Tenets against
Religion, receiv'd and establish'd by Publick Authority in this Realm, contrary
to the Forty Fifth Statute of this University; And whereas the said William
AVhiston being required and exhorted by Mr. Vicechancellor, to confess and
retract his Error and Temerity in so doing, did refuse to make any such Con-
fession and Retractation; It is therefore agreed and resolv'd by Us, the
Vicechancellor, and Heads of Colleges, whose names are here under-written
that the said William Whiston hath incuiTcd the Penalty of the foresaid
Statute, and that he be banished from this University according to the Tenor
of the same.

C. Roderick Vicechancellor, Jo. Balderston,
Jo. Ellys, Gabr, Quadring,

HuMF. Go^VER, Tho. Richardson,

Hen, James, Ch. Ashton,

S. Blithe, Bardsey Fisher,

JOH, COVEL, EdW. LaNY,

Unde venerabilis vir Dr. Roderick, Dominus Procancellarius, assidentibus
& consentientibus Johanne Ellys Milite, Doctore Gower, Doctore James, Doc-
tore Blithe, Doctore Covel, Doctore Balderston, Doctore Quadring, Doctore
Richardson, Doctore Ashton, Doctore Fisher, Doctore Lany, Collegiorum Prjc-
fectis, sententiam ferendo decrevit, declaravit, & pronunciavit prout sequitur.
In the Name of God, Amen. I Charles Roderick, Vicechancellor of this
University, do decree, declare, and pronounce, that Mr. William Whiston,
Mathematick Professor of this University, having assorted and spread abroad
divers Tenets contrary to Religion receiv'd and establish'd by Publick Autho-
rity in this Realm, hath incun-ed the Penalty of the Statute, and that he is
Banished from this University,

Lata fuit hujusmodi sententia per dictum Dominum Procancellarium,
prajsente me Roberto Grove, Not. Pub. & Almcc Universitatis prse-
dicta; Registrario.

Notwithstanding this sentence the Heads did not proceed to ap-
point a successor to the Lucasian professorship for more than a
year.(i)

(1) Whiston, Ilistoiicivl Preface to Primitive Christianity reviv'd, Appendix; Sequel to
Trend's trial, 44, U\ ; Howell's State Trials, xv. 707: Monk, Life otBcntley, i, 2W.

104 ANNE. [1711

This year, Samuel Shepheard jun. Esq. one of the members of Par-
liament for the town, presented the Corporation Avith a mace of silver
gilt weighing 153 ounces, and having thereon the arms of the town
and of the Queen.(J)
1710 ^ An act of Parliament requiring all members of Parliament to have
77 [freehold estates to a certain value, received the royal assent on the
28th of February. It contains a proviso that nothing therein con-
tained should extend or be construed to extend to either of the Uni-
versities in England, but that they and each of them might return
members to represent them in Parliament as theretofore they had
done.(2)

1711.

The Post Office Act, to which the royal assent was given on the
IGth of May, contains the following proviso: —

Provided always That this Act or any thing therein contained shall not
in any wise be prejudicial to the Privileges of the Two Universities of Oxford
and Cambridge or either of them or to the Ch<ancellors or Scholars of the
same or their Successors but that they may use and enjoy such Privileges as
heretofore they have lawfully used and enjoyed and that all Letters and other
Things may be sent or conveyed to or from the said Two Universities in
Manner as heretofore hath been used Any thing herein to the contrary not-
Avithstanding.(3)

An act imposing stamp duties on almanacks and wine licenses,
Avhich received the royal assent on the 12th of June, contains these
clauses : —

Provided also That nothing in this Act contained shall extend or be con-
strued to extend to prejudice any Right the Two Universities of Oxford and
Cambridge or either of them have or claim to have to the licensing any
Taverns Inns or Alehouses ^vithin their severall Jurisdiccions but that the
said Universities may from time to time grant Licenses for any Taverns Inns
and Alehouses within their severall Jurisdiccions subject to the severall Duties
aforesaid in as ample Manner as they respectively might lawfully have granted
the same if this Act had never bin made Any thing herein before contained
to the contrary thereof notwithstanding.

Provided That nothing in this Act contained shall extend or be construed
to extend to prejudice any Right the Two Universities or either of them or
the Company of Stationers or any Person or Persons have or claime to have
to the printing or reprinting any Almanack or Calendar subject to the severall
Duties aforesaid.(4)

(1) Corporation Cross Book, 299; Aid. Newton's DiaiT. In an article in the Gentleman's
Magazine (2nd ser, vol. xiii. p. 484,) I erroneously stated this mace to have been presented
to the Corporation by the Earl of Orford.

(2) Stat. 9 Ann. c. 5.

(3) Stat. 9 Ann. ell, s. 33.

(4) Stat. 9 Ann. c. 10, ss. 54, 5(i.

1712] ANNE. 105

In July, William Lord North and Grey was constituted Lord
Lieutenant of the County, in the room of Wriothesley Duke of
Bedford deceased.(i)

1712.

On the 20th of May, Dr. Henry Sike Regius Professor of Hebrew,
hung himself in his rooms at Trinity College. He was a great
oriental scholar " esteemed by every one for his talents and dis-
" position ; all appear to have felt interested for his welfare, and
" to have nourished high expectations of the fruits which were to
" result from his erudition," and his death raised excessive grief
and horror among the learned throughout Europe.(2)

An act imposing duties upon paper which received the royal
assent on the 22nd of May, contains the subjoined clause: —

Provided always and be it enacted by the Authority aforesaid That for
the Encouragement of Learning soe much Money as shall from time to time
be paid for the Duties granted by this Act for any Quantities of Paper which
during the Continuance of the said Duties shall be used in the printing any
Bookes in the Latin Greek Orientall or Northern Languages within the Two
Universities of Oxford and Cambridge or either of them by Permission of
the Vice-Chancellors of the same respectively shall and may be dra^^^le back
and repaid in Manner following (that is to say) the chief Manager of the
Presse in each of the said Universities shall and may from time to time
make Proofe by Oath in Writing before the Vice-Chancellor (whoe is hereby
impowered to administer the same) expressing therein the Kinds and Quan-
tities of the Paper soe used and how much the Duties thereof payable by this
Act doth amount to which said Oath in Writing being certified by the said
Vice-Chancellor and produced to the Lord Treasurer or Commissioners of the
Treasury for the Time being the said Lord Treasurer or Commissioners of
the Treasury for the Time being shall forthwith from time to time issue his
or their Orders or Warrants to the respective Commissioners whoe by this
Act are to manage the Duties upon Paper to cause Payment to be made of
soe much Money as the Duties payable by this Act for the Paper soe used
in the printing of the said Books in the said Universities as aforesaid shall
amount to the same Payment to be made (without Fee or Charge whatsoever
and without Delay) to such Person or Persons as the said respective Vicc-
Chancellors shall authorize and appoint to receive the same out of any of the
Duties upon Paper ariseing by this Act Any thing in this Act contained to
the contrary not\vithstanding.(3)

King James the First's grant for augmenting the divinity pro-
fessorships (^) at length (5) received Parliamentary sanction by the

(1) Compleat Hist, of Europe, for the Year 1711, p. 312.

(2) Monk, Life of Bentley, i. 328 ; Aid. Newton's Diary.

(3) Stat. 10 Ann. c. 18, s. G8.

(4) Vide Vol. iii. p. 18.

(5) Vide ante, p. 17.

VOL. IV. 0

1Q0 ANNE. [1712

following act, to which the royal assent was given on the 22nd
of May : —

An Act for confirming and rendring more effectual certain Letters
Patents of King James the First for annexing a Canonry and
several Rectoryes to the Regius Professor of Divinity in the
University of Oxford and to the Regius Professor and Lady
Margarett's Reader of Di\-inity in the University of Cambridge.
"Whereas our most gracious Soveraign King James the First of blessed
Memory for the Support and Maintenance of the Regius Professor of Divinity
in the University of Oxford did by his Letters Patent bearing Date the Twenty-
sixth Day of August in the Third Year of his Reign grant to the Chancellor
Masters and Schollars of the said University of Oxford and their Successors
all that his Advowson Donation and free Disposition and Right of Patronage
of the Rectory of Newelme alias Ewelme in the County of Oxford and the
said late King James the First by the said Letters Patent did for Himself
His Heires and Successors grant to the said Chancellor Masters and Schollars
of the said University and their Successors that the said Regius Professor for
the Time being for ever should have and enjoy one Prebend or Canonry
within the Cathedral Church of Christ in Oxford of the Foundation of King
Henry the Eighth so long as he should be Regius Professor of Divinity in
that University And whereas the said King James the First for the Encrease
of the Stipend of the Regius Professor or Reader of Divinity in the University
of Cambridge did by other his Letters Patent of the same date grant to the
Chancellor Masters and Schollars of the said University of Cambridge and
their Successors all that his Advowson Donation free Disposition and Right
of Patronage of the Rectory of Somersham (together with Colne and Pidley
and other Chappelryes Rights Members and Appurtenances) in the County of
Huntingdon And whereas the said King James the First (for the Encrease
of the Stipend of the Reader of the Lecture of Divinity appointed by Mar-
garet Countess of Richmond Mother of King Henry the Seventh in the said
University of Cambridge) did also by the said Letters Patent grant to the
Chancellor Masters and Schollars of the said University of Cambridge and
their Successors all that his Advowson Donation free Disposition and Right
of Patronage of the Rectory of Terington in the County of Norfolk with all
its Rights Members and Appurtenances And whereas the said King James
the First in and by the said several Letters Patent did signify and declare
it to be His Royal Will and Pleasure that the said Canonry and several
Rectoryes should for ever thereafter be held and enjoyed by the said several
Professors and Reader of the Lecture aforesaid for so long Time as they
respectively should continue in the said respective Offices or Places and did
thereby further signify and declare His Royal Will and Intention to be that
one or more Act or Acts of Parliament should be obtained for that Purpose
which hath never yet been done May it therefore please Yol-r Majesty
that it may be enacted and be it enacted by the Queens most Excellent Ma-
jesty by and with the Advice and Consent of the Lords Spiritual and Tem-
poral and Commons in this present Parliament assembled and by the Autho-
rity of the same That the said Canonry of Christ Church and several Rec-
toryes of Newelme alias Ewelme Somersham and Terington and every of them
and all Members Tythes Lands Tenements Hereditaments Profitts and Emo-
luments whatsoever to them and every of them respectively belonging or in
any wise appertaining or w-ith the said Canonry and Rectoryes every or any
of them used or enjoyed are and shall hereby be united and for ever annexed

1712] ANNE. jQY

unto the several Offices or Places aforesaid and shall be held and enjoyed by
the respective Persons already placed in the said Offices or Places and by
such other Person and Persons as shall from time to time for ever hereafter
be placed and put into the said Offices or Places in as full and ample Manner
to all Intents and Purposes as if they were duly presented nominated ad-
mitted instituted and inducted thereunto and the said respective Professors
and Reader of the said Lecture and their Successors for the Time being
during such Time and Times only as they shall continue in their respective
Offices or Places shall by vertue of such Office or Place for ever hereafter
enjoy the said respective Canonry and also shall have and hold the said Rec-
toryes Avithout any Presentation Admission Institution or Induction or any
other Act or Thing whatsoever to entitle them thereunto and shall be and
are hereby declared to be (during their Continuance in the said respective
Offices or Places) full and perfect Canon and Incumbents of the respective
Canonry and Rectoryes aforesaid to all Intents and Purposes whatsoever which
nevertheless shall be so understood as to make void any other Benefice or
Benefices which the said Professors and Reader of the said Lecture or any
of them is at present or shall hereafter be legally possessed of it being the
Intention of this Act that the aforesaid Rectoryes shall consist and be held
and enjoyed by the said Professors and Reader of the said Lecture respec-
tively together without any one other Ecclesiastical Benefice without any
Lycence or Dispensation for that end to be granted or obtained.

And it is hereby pukther enacted and declared That as often as it
shall happen that any of the said Offices or Places shall become void by Death
Resignation or otherwise the Canonry and Rectoryes or the Rectory to such
Office or Place respectively belonging shall at the same Time become void
and the Person that shall be placed in such Office or Place so become void
by vertue of such Office or Place only have and enjoy the Canonry and Rec-
toryes or the Rectory to such Office or Place belonging for so long Time as
he shall continue in such Office or Place and no longer.

Provided always that the said Professors shall celebrate Divine Service
and performe all other Parochial Dutyes relating to the Cure of Souls within
the said several Rectoryes which any other Rectors of the said Rectoryes
have heretofore done and performed and were by Law obliged to do and per-
forme or shall allow to learned and able Curates (to be lycenced by the
Bishop or Ordinary of the Diocess) who shall be constantly residing within
the said Rectoryes such competent Salaries and Stipends as the said Bishop
or Ordinary shall judge sufficient.

Provided also That neither this Act nor anything therein contained shall
excuse or be construed to excuse the said Professors or Reader of the Lec-
ture aforesaid or any of them from the Payment of First Fruits and Tenths
or from the Payment of all Dues of what Kind soever to the Bishop or other
Ordinary who before the making this Act had lawfull Right to claime the
same or from Canonical Obedience to the Bishop or Ordinary of their respec-
tive Diocesses but every such Professor and Reader of the said Lecture shall
be obliged to make Payment thereof.(l)

On the 13th of June, the Commissioners of Pontage imposed a
tax after the rate of £1. 10a-. per hide upon the lands chargeable
to repair of the Great Bridge.(-)

(1) Stat. 10 Aim. <•. ir>.

(2) roiitagc Book, 117, ll^t.

108 ANNE. [1712

On the 24th of June, the following address from the Univer-
sity was presented to the Queen at Kensington Palace, by Dr.
Bentley (in the absence of the Vicechancellor) accompanied by the
Heads of Colleges, Doctors and Masters of Arts, the Hon. Dixie
Windsor and Dr. Thomas Paske the representatives of the Uni-
versity in Parliament, as likewise by several peers and gentlemen
formerly members of the University, who were introduced by the
Earl of Oxford Lord High Treasurer :—

To THE Queen's most Excellent Majesty.
The humble Address of the Chancellor, Masters, & Scholars of the

Univei-sity of Cambridge.
Most Gracious Sovereign .'

Though we have frequently had the Honour of Approaching the Throne
with our Addresses of Joy for Victories in War, we have now a more wel-
come Occasion & more agreeable to our Profession, to congratulate your Ma-
jesty and your Kingdoms upon the near prospect of an honourable and ad-
vantageous Peace.

The concluding as well as commencing war is your undoubted Prerogative :
And Ave esteem'd all our Interests in the Peace both justly lodg'd in your
Power, and safely in your AVisdom, even while the Negotiations were secret:
nor have the Artifices to obstruct them had any other effect, than to illus-
trate your Majesty's Goodness, and hasten your Subjects joy; when to stop
the false Clamours of Envy and faction, you Condescended to acquaint your
people with the Glorious terms you were transacting for them.

Successful Wars have been often carried on by your Royal predecessors,
& British Valour has been long famous through all Nations of the World ;
but then the fruits of them were commonly lost, by slipping the proper Sea-
sons of Treaty, & letting others step before us to reap their own Advantage
out of our blood & treasure. But a neAV honour will now accrue to our
Nation, under your Majesty's watchful conduct ; and prudence will be part of
our character, as well as courage and magnanimity.

It avas worthy of your Majesty's consummate Judgment & experience, to
know Avhen to put a stop to the course of your own Victories, lest you should
overturn the balance of power abroad, which you had laboured to adjust; or
quite exhaust the source of power at home, by a too prodigal & unequal ex-
pence of it upon vast acquisitions for others, & small returns for our selves.

Your establishing the Succession to these Kingdoms in your illustrious re-
lations of the House of Hanover; & yotir pious concern for the German Pro-
testants, who in a late Treaty had been neglected, call peculiarly for the
thanks & acknowledgments of your Clergy : As your securing & extending
our national Commerce in all its Branches & Situations, beyond whatever
Britain enjoyed or aspired to before, raises imiversal gratitude in the breasts
of your people. And your generous care for all your Allies, in vigorously
espousing their just Interests & procuring them sufficient Barriers, will ren-
der this approaching Peace (v/hich we doubt not the God of peace will enable
you to accomplish) as general & extensive as the bounds of Europe, & as
lasting as human affairs can promise; & be hereafter the most shining glory
of your Majesty's happy Reign, above all your former Laurels in a long and
prosperous war.

1712] ANNE. 1Q9

To this address the Queen returned " this most Gracious An-
swer :" —

I receive this Address from my Good University of Cambridge, very kindly.

The pleasure I took in the many Victories God has given our forces
Avas that they might procure a good peace, & hope, by God's blessing,
this -will answer your expectations, in being happy & advantageous to my
own people, secure to my Allies, & a strength to the Protestant Interest
every where. (1)

The following address from the Corporation was sealed on the
1st of July, and was soon afterwards presented to the Queen by
John Hynde Cotton and Samuel Shepheard Esquires, their repre-
sentatives in Parliament, who were introduced by Viscount Bol-
ingbroke one of the Secretaries of State : —

To THE Queen's most Excellent Majesty.
Dread Sovereign,

We your Majesty's most dutiful & loyal Subjects the Mayor, Recorder,
Aldermen, Common Council and Burgesses,, of your Majesty's Antient Corpo-
ration of Cambridge, do acknowledge with the greatest humility, your Ma-
jesty's most Gracious Condescension in laying the terms of Peace before your
Parliament, and as that was unpresidented by any of your predecessors so
are the Glories of your Majesty's reign, which have justly intituled your Ma-
jesty to be Mediator to Europe ; an honour, we are not so much surprized
to find envied by your Allies, as that there should be a Spirit in some of
your own Subjects, so restless and factious, as to endeavour to deny your
Majesty the Glory, & youi- people the happiness of such a Peace, so honour-
able and advantageous to Britain, and so just & reasonable to all her Allies.

We can't sufficiently admire your Majesty's great wisdom & resolution in
the carrying on this great & good work, through the many difficulties & ob-
structions your Majesty has met with from some of your Allies, who though
they have not in any degree felt the burden that Britain bore of the War ;
yet would reap all the advantages that can be gain'd by a peace, and from
a set of people at home, whose interest was founded on War ; & whose power
depended on the Ruin of their Country.

May the Almighty grant you. Madam, a long life ; may all your under-
takings be crown'd with success; may faction be buried, & Loyalty flourish,
and may no contention remain, but who can shew themselves the most dutiful
Subjects to the best of Queens, and then we shall have no occasion for a
foreign guarantee to secure the succession, in the Illustrious House of Han-
over; which after the unspeakable loss of so great & good a Princess, we
have most sincerely at our Hearts.(2)

Dr. Brookbank the Official of the Archdeaconry of Ely, having
infringed the testamentary jurisdiction of the University, the Senate
on the lOLh of October, passed a grace prohibiting the Archdea-
con of Ely or his Official from acting as Viccchancellor or De-
puty Vicechancellor. Ihis grace which was avowedly levelled

(1) London G;i/.i;tte, 26 to 28 June, 171:.'. :jeo Monk, Life of Ecnllcy, i. 334.
{•:) Louduu Gazette, 5 to 8 July, 1712.

110 ANNE. [1712-13

against Dr. Bentley Master of Trinity College, the then Archdea-
con of Ely, passed unanimously with a shout of applause.(i) It
was in these terms : —

Cum ad peculiaris Ecclesiasticae Jurisdictionis huic Universitati concessac, et
per Dominum Cancellarium aut ejus vices gerentem, qui pro tempore fuerit,
exequenda) Immunitates ab ullis aliena; cujusvis Jurisdictionis usurpationibus,
majori cum efficacia, vindicandas conservandasq. multis retro annis Statu turn
sit; Quod nullus Cancellarius Universitatis simul habeat aut teneat Officium
Universitatis cum Officialitatis Episcopi Officio quovis modo : Cum autem hoc
ipso anno Dr. Johannes Brookbank, Reverendi Doctoris Richardi Bentley
Archidiaconi Eliensis Officialis, in vestrum et privilegiorum vestrorum con-
temptum, peculiarem hujusce Universitatis Jurisdictionem notorie invaserint et
violaverint, prout ex plena testium examinatione, Librisq. Juridicis, nee non
ex Cartis ad dictam Universitatem pertinentibus Copiisq. Processum ex dicto-
rum Archidiaconi et Officialis Registro desumptis, Domino Procancellario, Praj-
fectisq. Collegiorum liquido constabat ; nee interea tamen ulla omnino (utcunq.
saepius postulata) aut culpse confessio, aut Injuriae vobis vestrseq. Jurisdictioni
illatse facta sit adhuc Compensatio : Quo illicitis ejusmodi conatibus in poste-
rum quantum fieri possit obviam eatur, Placeat tobis, ut neque dictus Dr.
Bentley ad preesens Archidiaconus Eliensis, aut ex ejus Successoribus in illo
Archidiaconatu quispiam, neque dictus Dr. Brookbank ad prsesens dicti Archi-
diaconi Officialis, aut ex ejus Successoribus in ilia Officialitate quispiam (et si
forsan in Collegiorum Prefectorum numerum adsciscerenter) ad Procancella-
riatus Officium unquam eligantur, aut in ejusdem Officii administrationem ullo
prsetextu se ingerant, quamdiu saltern in dictis aut Archidiaconatu aut Offici-
alitate duraverint : utque haoc concessio vestra Decreti perpetui vigorem obti-
neat, et in Procancellarii et Procui'atorum Libris infra quindecim dies inscri-
batur.(2)

This grace was rescinded on the 22nd of December, 1714.(3)
This year, an unsuccessful attempt was made to nominate Regi-
nald Hawkins M.A. fellow of Pembroke Hall for the office of
Vicechancellor.(4)
1712 "j On the 27th of January, Samuel Gatward Esq., was elected
Recorder in the Room of Sir John Cotton Bart, deceased.

The University claimed conusance of an action of assault and
battery commenced in the Court of Queen's Bench, by Manners
against Pern. This claim was, in Hilary Term this year, disallowed
on the ground that being made after imparlance it was too late.
The Court subsequently(J^) decided that the plaintiif was not entitled
to call on the defendant to pay the costs occasioned by the claim of
the University .(6)

(1) Monk, Life of Bentley, i. 334.

(2) MS. Baker, xxxiii. 247; xlii. 103.

(3) See under that year.

(4) Monk, Life of Bentlej, i. 335 n.

(5) In Easter Term, 1713.

(6) Modern Reports, x. 125, 156.

1713] ANNE. in

1713.

The following address from the University on the condusion of the
peace of Utrecht, was presented to the Queen at St. James's, on the
25th of April, by Dr. Adams Provost of King's College and Vice-
chancellor, " accompanied by several heads of Houses & persons of
" quality, who had formerly been Members of that body, being in-
" troduced by the Lord High Treasurer:" —

To THE Queen's most Excellent Majesty.
The humble Address of the Chancellor, Masters & Scholars of the

University of Cambridge.
Most Gracious Sovereign,

We humbly beg leave to congratulate your Majesty with the greatest joy,
upon the happy conclusion of a peace, and the securing of the Protestant
succession, whereof we have the fullest assurances from that perfect friendship
which there is between your Majesty and the Illustrious House of Hanover,
which we hope no Artifices will ever be able to impair.

If the conquering difficulties increases Glory, how many has your Majesty
met withal in this important affair, such as nothing but your unalterable de-
sire of the good of your kingdoms, & the happiness of Europe could have
overcome ? With what Courage, Constancy & Conduct have your able & faith-
ful ministry press'd through all opposition, to finish a work so advantageous
to your People, and so agreeable to your Generous and compassionate nature.

The Victories your Majesty has obtained have always found some Allay
from the loss of the bravest of your Subjects, & the miseries of so great a
part of Mankind ; but to give Peace & Liberty to so many Nations, to ex-
tend the bounds of your Empire farther than ever has been done by all your
warhke predecessors, to defend & promote by so many ways that Holy Re-
ligion which you adore, to put so many thousands into a condition of being
happy in spight of themselves : These must be the most delightful Triumphs
to so Gracious a Princess, and the most Glorious trophies of your auspicious
reign.

Nor can we doubt of these Blessings being confirmed to Posterity, when
your Majesty is so piously concern'd to put an end to the Licentiousness of
the Press, from whence so much blasphemy and Sedition have been scatter'd
of late with daring insolence.

May the most obstinate & most ungrateful at length acknowledge your
Majesty's wisdom & conduct, your justice to your Allies, your most tender
regard for all your people, and join with us in praying for the long Continua-
tion of that Life, which is a blessing to these Kingdoms, & of so much im-
portance to the whole world.

To this address her Majesty gave "the following most Gracious
Answer:" —

Your Address is very acceptable, and especially the concern you express for
our Religion.

I shall always be ready to shew marks of my favour to those learned bodies
which are particularly set apart to promote piety and loyalty.(l)

(1) London Gazette, 25 to 28 April, J713,

JJ2 ANNE. [1713

The following address from the Corporation was presented to the
Queen at St. James's on the 18th of May by Sir John Hynde Cot-
ton, Bart., M.P., who was introduced by Lord North and Grey,
Lord Lieutenant of the county :—

To THE QrEEN*S MOST EXCELLENT MaJESTY.

The humble Address of the Mayor, Recorder, Aldermen, Common
Council, and Burgesses of your Majesty's Corporation of Cam-
bridge.
May it please your Majesty,
To accept of our humble thanks for the conclusion of a long and expensive
war in an advantageous and honourable peace : a happiness procured by your
Majesty's tender care for the welfare of your Svibjects, & not without a just
regard to the interest of your Allies.

To have supported your alliance, to have been crown'd with Victories, & to
have extended your Conquests by your powerful Arms, are circumstances truly
great: But your Majesty's temper & Justice in using these advantages no
longer than they were subservient to their main ends, (the General peace of
Europe & the ballance of power) will render your Majesty's reign still more
Glorious, & yourself an unparallell'd example of Goodness & clemency to
mankind.

'Tis with no small concern that we reflect upon the disingenuous practises
used, and the publick opposition made against your Majesty's generous en-
deavours, during the course of the late Treaty of peace : But at the same
time admire your Majesty's Royal Goodness in bearing wdth the delays of
those who were unwilling to reap the seasonable fruits of many victories owing
to your great assistance, and your consummate wisdom in the choice of an
able & faithful ministry, Avhose indefatigable zeal & courage so eminently ap-
pear'd in pursuing your gracious design of prevailing upon your Allies to
embrace their own happiness.

YouB Majesty hath sufficiently shewn your Princely regard for the well-
being of all your Subjects, not only in amply providing for their Civil interests,
but by securing the Protestant succession in the illustrious House of Hanover,
and of consequence the Protestant Religion, to their utmost satisfaction.

The consideration of these blessings so procur'd, must needs of itself, dis-
sipate all jealousies ; and factions & party rage will either entirely quit your
Majesty's peaceful Dominions, or be at a loss to contrive new matter for
groundless fears and suspicions.

May your Majesty long live to enjoy the fruits of peace, & the hearts &
dutiful obedience of your Subjects, the best security to the best of Princesses.(l)

The peace of Utrecht was celebrated by the University by the
publication of a collection of verses entitled " Gratulatio Academiae
" Cantabrigiensis de Pace serenissimse Reginae Annse auspiciis feli-
" citer constituta Anno mdccxiii."(2) Amongst the writers in this
collection are Dr. John Adams Vicechancellor, Philip Dormer Stan-
hope of Trinity Hall afterwards Earl of Chesterfield,(3) John Covel
Master of Christ's College, Roger Long of Pembroke Hall, Zachary

(1) London Gazette, 16 to 19 May, 1713.

(2) " Cantabrigiffi Typis Academicis." fo.

(3) See Letters to and from Lady Suffolk, i. 4.

1714] ANNE. 113

Pearce of Trinity College afterwards Bishop of Rochester, and Tho-
mas Robinson of Trinity College afterwards Secretary of State and
Lord Grantham.

An act to enable such soldiers as had served in the late war to
exercise trades, received the royal assent on the 16th of July. It
contains the following clause : —

Provided always That neither this Act nor an Act made in the Tenth
and Eleventh Years of His late Majesty King William the Third of glorious
Memory intituled An Act to enable such Officers and Soldiers as have been
in His Majesties Service during the late War to exercise Trades and for
Officers to accompt with their Soldiers shall in any wise be prejudicial to the
Privileges of the Universities of Cambridge and Oxford or either of them or
extend to give Liberty to any Person to set up the Trade of a Vintner or
to sell any Wine or other Liquors within the said Universities Avithout Licence
first had and obtained from the Vice-Chancellors of the same respectively.(l)

1714.
On the 26th of April, the Queen by letters patent incorporated
Thomas Sherlock D.D. Master or Warden of St. Katherine's Col-
lege or Hall, and his successors Masters or Wardens of the same
College or Hall, by the name stile and title of " Master or Warden
of St. Katherine's College or Hall, in the University of Cambridge,"
and granted to the said Master or Warden and his successors, Mas-
ters or Wardens of the same College or Hall, for their better support
and maintenance, that canonship or prebend in the Cathedral Church
of the Holy and Undivided Trinity in Norwich of the foundation of
King Edward the Sixth, which should first happen to be void, and
in the gift of her Majesty her heirs and successors, from and
after the date of the said grant, to have and to hold the said
canonship or prebend to the said Thomas Sherlock Master or
Warden of the said College or Hall, and his successors Masters
or Wardens of the same College or Hall, of her Majesty her
heirs and successors, in pure and perpetual alms for and during
his and their continuance in the said Mastership or Wardenship,
and she did thereby unite such canonship or prebend to the said
Corporation for ever. This grant was ratified by an act of Par-
liament, to which the royal assent was given on the 5th of June.(2)

(1) Stat. 12 Ann. c. 14, s. 9.

(2) Stat. 13, Ann. c 6, s. 8. ^ ,

The first prebendal stall at Norwich which became vacant, was the fourth prebend occu-
pied by Richard Broadrep M.A,, who died 1716, whereupon Dr. Sherlock applied to be ad-
mitted under the above grant. The Dean and Chapter refused his admission on the g-round
that by their statutes no one was eligible as a prebendary who was prebendary of any other
churcli, and Dr. Sherlock was at that time Dean of Chichester and Prebendary of St. Paul's
A peremptory mandamus for Dr. Sherlock's admission was however g-ranted by the Court of
King's Bench, who held that the Act of Parliament had the effectof rendering the Master of
Catharine Hall eligible, notwithstanding he would otherwise have been ineligible according
to the statutes of the Cathedral.— Stvangr's Reports, i. ir>9.
VOL. IV. i'

114 ANNE. [1714

By the act to prevent the growth of schism, which received the
royal assent on the 5th of June, all tutors and schoolmasters were
to make a declaration and obtain a license from the ordinary,
which was not to be granted except on a certificate that the
party had received the sacrament according to the usage of the
Church of England. This act (repealed in the next reign) contains
a proviso that nothing therein contained should extend to any tutor
teaching or instructing youth in any College or Hall within either
of the Universities.Ci)

At the Public Commencement this year,(2) there was a theolo-
gical disputation between Daniel Waterland B.D. Master of Mag-

(1) Stat. 13 Ann. c. 7, s. 8.

(2) Ralph Thoresby the Leeds antiquary was at Cambridge during this Commencement.
Subjoined are extracts from his diary : —

[Monday, 5 July, 1714.] — " To Cambridge, after a prosperous journey. Escaped a great
" danger in the town itself, one of the wheels of the coach being jiist off, and the man
" driving a full career, as is too usual with them. I made my first visit to nir. Milner at
" Jesus College, and after my return Avas at a loss for lodging, the worthy hostess having
" let the room I had agreed for to another for a greater rate, this busy time of the Com-
" mencement. Mr. Dover and I went to the Red Lion (Mr. Reyner's, a Yorkshireman),
" where we fixed,

[Tuesday, 6 July.] — " Had Mr. (now Sir William) Milner's company to see the public
•• schools and library, but the then keeper could give me little satisfaction. Then, at ihe
" Commencement, at St. Mary's : our countiyman Dr. Edmundson had kept the act yester-
" day, and Mr. Waterland, Master of Maudlin, did the like to-day. Dr. James, Dr. Edmund-
" son. Dr. Gibbons, and Dr. Sherlock (which three commenced yesterday) were opponents,
" and Dr. Jenkins (Master of St. John's) was moderator ; all performed excellently, and the
" Prevaricator's speech was smart and ingenious, attended with volleys of hurras : the vocal
" music, &c. was curious, and after seven or eight hours' stay there, being sufficiently
" wearied, I went thence to visit Mr. Baker (a learned antiquary), at St- John's, whom I
" never saw before, though I corresponded with him many years ago. He entertained me
" most agreeably in the College library with the sight of some valuable manuscripts, printed
" books, very rare, particularly two translated by their pious foundress, the Countess of
" Richmond, King Henry VII. 's mother; he gave me an autograph of his Excellency the
" noted Cardinal Fisher, a native of Yorkshire. I was invited by Dr. Edmundson and Mr.
" Bennet to the Commencement treat in the College Hall, which I very thankfully embraced,
" to see the manner of it : the Masters of Arts now commenced waited in their hoods. Dr.
" Jenkins, the master, sent to invite me aftei'wards to his lodgings, with Dr. Edmundson
•' and Mr. (now Dr.) Bennet, of Colchester.

[Wednesday, 7 July.] — " Early to bespeak a place in the coach, but there was none empty
" till Friday. Was afterwards to visit Dr. Edwards, a learned and pious author, though
" much depreciated by some because of his moderation, for which reason I visited him; he
•' was the son of the noted author of the Gangrena, &c., was born at Hertford. I dined at
" Jesus College with Mr. (Sir William) Milner, had the company of his tutor Mr. (Dr.)"\Var-
*' rcn, and Mr. Miers. Was after at Trinity College to visit Dr. Colbatch, Casuistical Professor
" of Divinity ; after prayers in the delicate chapel there, he very courteously showed me the
" stately library, of which the obliging Mr. Claget is keeper, whose company I also enjoyed.
" The courteous Professor, Dr. Colbatch, would constrain me to sup with him in the Col-
" lege Hall. I forgot to note that I Avas at the most stately fabric in the University, viz.,
" King's College Chapel, where I got little benefit by the prayers, because of the music and
" noble architecture, which too much diverted my thoughts.

[Thursday, 8 July.] — " Taking leave of Sir John Rawdon, Mr. Prior and Mr. Dover ;
" visited Dr. Bentley, Master of Trinity ; then at Clare-Hall, to visit and consult the famous
•' pupil-monger, Mr. Laughton, to whom I was recommended by the Bishop of Ely ; and
" after, at Queen's College, Avith the ingenious Mr. Langwith, (a native of York,) recom-
" mended by Mr. Baker, of St. John's, and preferred [to be tutor of Mr. Thoresby's son]
" rather than any of his OAvn college. He entertained me most agreeably before and after
" dinner, Avith his oAvn collections of antiquities and natural curiosities, the Materia Medica,
" &c. ; he gave me a small specimen of the Asbestina, or incombustible paper from Hungary ;
" and after accompanied me to Dr. Covel, the master of Christ's College, who having much
" company, we had not the opportunity of seeinghis collection of curiosities ; met there also
" Avith the Arabic Professor, Mr. S. Ockley, the Lord Treasurer's chaplain; Avent thence to
" Mr. Sanderson's apartment, Avho, though blind, is the celebrated Lucas Professor of the
" Mathematics, who was born at Peniston, in Yorkshire.

[Friday, 9th July.] — "Morning, rose before four; then, by the care of Dr. Colbatch, my
" very kind friend, Avas placed in one of the three coaches, Avhere I had better company and
" accommodations." — Thoresby's Diary, ii. 230 — 233.

1714] ANNE. 11^5

dalene College, and Thomas Sherlock D.D. Master of Catharine
Hall,(i) on the question of Arian subscription. "The unusual cir-
" cumstance of a public debate between two Heads of Houses, the
" general interest of the topic, and still more the learning, ingenuity,
" and fluency of the combatants, made a great and lasting impres-
" sion."(2)

It was at this Commencement that Roger Long M.A. fellow of
Pembroke Hall,(3) delivered his celebrated music speech partly in
Latin prose and partly in English verse. The subjoined extract
referring to the ladies being placed in the Chancel of Saint Mary's,
whereas on former occasions of the like kind a gallery for their
express accommodation had been provided, is much in the manner
of Swift .—

The humble Petition of the Ladies, who are all ready to be eaten up with

the spleen,
To think they are to be lock'd up in the Chancel, where they can neither see

nor be seen ;
But must sit in the dumps by themselves all stew'd and pent up,
And can only peep through the Lattice like so many chickens in a coop;
Whereas, last Commencement, the Ladies had a Gallery provided near enough,
To see the Heads sleep, and the Fellow Commoners take snufF.
'Tis true for every particular how 'twas order'd then we can't so certainly

know.
Because none of us can remember so long as sixteen years ago ;
Yet we believe they were more civil to the Ladies then ; and good reason why ;
For, if we all stay'd at home, yom* Commencement would not be worth a fly;
For at Oxford, last year, this is certainly matter of fact.

That the sight of the Ladies and the Music made the best part of their Act.
Now you should consider some of us have been at a very great expence
To rig ourselves out, in order to see the Doctors commence :
"We've been forc'd with our Mantua-makers to hold many a consultation,
To know whether mourning or colours would be most like to be in fashion ;
"We've sent to Town, to know what kind of heads and ruffles the Ladies wore,
And have rais'd the price of whalebone higher than 'twas before ;
We've got intelligence from Church, the Park, the Front-box, and the Ring,
And, to grace St. Mary's now, would not make our cloaths up in the Spring.
In flounces and furbelows many experiments have been tried.
And many an old gown and petticoat new scour'd and died.
Some of us for these three months have scarce been able to rest,
For studying what sort of complexion would become us best ;
And several of us have almost pinch'd ourselves to death with going strait-

lac'd,
That we might look fuller in the chest, and more slender in the waist.
And is not it now intolerable, after all this pains and cost.
To be coop'd up out of sight, and have all our finery lost !

(1) Afterwards Bishop of London.

(2) aionk, Life of Bentley, i. 372.

(:'.) Afterward.s .Master of that Society and Lowndes's Professor.

116. ANNE. [17H

Such cross ill natur'd doings as these are, even a Saint would vex,

To see a Vice-chancellor so barbarous to those of his o^vn sex.

"We've endeavour'd to know the reason of all this, to the utmost of our power,

"What has made the Doctors contrive to take us all down a peg lower ;

And we find 'tis only because last time their wigs were disoblig'd by a warm

shower.
As for that misfortune, the Ladies may e'en thank the Prevaricator,
"Who was so extremely ai-ch they were ready to burst their sides with laughter.

It should be borne in mind that this music speech was de-
livered in Saint Mary's Church, and there also Laurence Eusden
M.A. fellow of Trinity College, spoke certain verses. From the
opening lines it appears that the regular drama was prohibited
here, though allowed at Oxford, at Midsummer fair, however, there
were to be seen a German juggler, a fire-eater, a giant, a dwarf, a
posture-master, wild beasts, a female rope-dauccr, dancing-dogs,
three-legg'd cats, and Punch :

" We Puppet Shows receive and banish Plays."
The subsequent portion of these verses contains allusions to hoop-
petticoats, Barnwell virgins, the proctor's staff, the Sunday nymphs
on Clare Hall Piece, the coffee booths on Jesus Green, the Market
Hill, the Rose Tavern, and such like temporary and local topics.CO

On the 9th of July, the royal assent was given to an act for
rendering more effectual the acts relating to the presentation to
Papists benefices and for other purposes. The clauses relative to
Papists benefices are subjoined : —

For as much as by an Act of Parliament made in the Third Year of the
Reign of King James the First intituled An Act to prevent and avoid Dan-
gers which may grow by Popish Recusants (2) and also One other Act made
in the First Year of the Reign of Their late Majesties King "William and
Queen Mary intituled An Act to vest in the Two Universities the Presenta-
tions of Benefices belonging to Papists (3) the Presentation Nommation Colla-
tion and Donation of and to Benefices Prebends or Ecclesiastical Livings
Schools Hospitals and Donatives belonging to Popish Recusants and other
Persons thereby disabled to present collate or nominate are given to the Two
Universities but they are so given only where such Persons ai-e and stand
convicted by such "Ways and Means as in the said recited Acts ai'e mentioned
and provided which Acts do nevertheless prove ineffectual for such Purposes
by reason such Patrons are not convicted or not in such Manner as the said
Acts do direct and appoint Therefore for making the said Laws more effec-
tual and for the speedier and easier vesting the Presentations to such Bene-
fices in the Two Universities according to the Intention of the said Laws
Be it enacted by the Queen's most Excellent Majesty by and with the Ad-

(1) " Verses at the last Publick Commencement at Cambridge, Written and Spoken by
Mr. Eusden." 2nd edit. Lond. fo. 1711.

(2) Vide Vol. iii. p. 21.
(•')) Vide ante, p. 6.

1714] ANNE._ 117;

vice and Consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal and Commons in this
present Parliament assembled and by the Authority of the same That every
Papist or Person making Profession of the Popish Religion and every Child
not being a Protestant under the Age of One and twenty Years of every
such Papist or Person professing the Popish Religion and every Mortgagee
Trustee or Person any ways intrusted directly or indirectly mediately or im-
mediately by or for any such Papist or Person making profession of the
Popish Religion or such Child as aforesaid whether such Trust be declared
by Writing or not shall from and after the Tenth Day of July which shall
be in the Year of our Lord One thousand seven hundred and fourteen be
disabled and is hereby made incapable to present collate or nominate to
any Benefice Prebend or Ecclesiastical Living School Hospital or Donative or
to grant any Avoidance of any Benefice Prebend or Ecclesiastical Living and
that every such Presentation Collation Nomination and Grant and every Ad-
mission Institution and Induction to be made thereupon shall be utterly void
and of no Effect to all Intents Constructions and Purposes whatsoever and
that in every such Case the Chancellor and Scholars of the University of
Oxford and the Chancellor and Scholars of the University of Cambridge by
what Name or Names soever they or either of them are incorporated shall
respectively have the Presentation Nomination Collation and Donation of and
to every such Benefice Prebend or Ecclesiastical Living School Hospital and
Donative set lying and being in the respective Counties Cities and other Places
and Limits in the said Act of the Third Year of King James mentioned as
in and by the said Act is directed and appointed in the Case of a Popish
Recusant convict.

And be it further exacted by the Authority aforesaid That from and after
the said Tenth Day of July when and as often as any Presentation to any Benefice
or Ecclesiastical Living shall be brought to any Archbishop Bishop or other
Ordinary from any Person who shall be reputed to be or whom such Arch-
bishop Bishop or other Ordinary shall have cause to suspect to be a Papist or
Trustee of any Person making Profession of the Popish Religion or suspected
to be such it shall and may be lawful to and for such Archbishop Bishop or
other Ordinary and he is hereby required to tender or administer to every
such Person if present the Declaration against Transubstantiation set down
and expressed in an Act of Parliament made in the Five and Twentieth Year
of the Reign of the late King Charles the Second intituled An Act for pre-
venting Dangers which may happen from Popish Recusants to be by such
Person made repeated and subscribed and in case such Person shall be absent
the said Archbishop Bishop or other Ordinary shall by Notice in Writing to
be left at the Place of Habitation of such Person appoint some convenient
Time and Place when and where such Person shall appear before such Arch-
bishop Bishop or other Ordinary or some Persons to be authorized by such
Archbishop Bishop or other Ordinary by Commission under his or their Seal
of Office and upon such Appearance the said Archbishop Bishop or other Ordi-
nary or such Commissioners shall tender or administer the said Declaration to
the Person making such Presentation and in case such Person shall neglect
or refuse to make repeat and subscribe such Declaration when the same
shall be so tendered as aforesaid or shall neglect or refuse to appear before
such Archbishop Bishop or other Ordinary or such Commissioners upon such
Notice as aforesaid that then such Presentation shall be utterly void and of
none effect and in every such Case such Arclibishop Bishop or other Ordinary
shall within Ten Days next after such Neglect or Refusal send and give a

118 ANNE. [1714

Certificate under his or their Seal of Office of such Neglect or Refusal to the
Vice Chancellor for the Time being of that University to whom such Pre-
sentation would of Right belong if such Person so presenting had been a
Popish Recusant convict and it shall and may be lawful to and for the Chan-
cellor and Scholars of such University to present a Person qualified accord-
ing to the said Acts to such Benefice or Ecclesiastical Living and the Presen-
tation to such Benefice or Ecclesiastical Living for that Turn only is hereby
given unto and vested in them for that Piurpose Any Matter Clause or Thing
contained in either of the said former recited Acts to the contrary thereof
notwithstanding.

And for the better Discovery of all secret Trusts and fraudulent Conveyances
made by Papists or Persons making Profession of the Popish Religion of their
Advowsons and Right of Presentation Nomination and Donation to any Bene-
fices or Ecclesiastical Livings Be it further enacted by the Authority
aforesaid That when the Presentation of any Person presented to any Benefice
or Ecclesiastical Living shall be brought to any Archbishop Bishop or other
Ordinary the said Archbishop Bishop or Ordinary is hereby required before he
give Institution to examine the Person presented upon Oath whether to the best
and utmost of his Knowledge and Belief the Person or Persons who made
such Presentation be the true and real Patron or Patrons of the said Bene-
fice or Ecclesiastical Living or made the said Presentation in his or her or
their own Right or whether such Person or Persons so presenting be not me-
diately or immediately directly or indirectly Trustee or Trustees or any way
intrusted for some other and what Person or Persons by Name who is or are
Papists or make Profession of the Popish Religion or the Children of such or
from any other and what Person or Persons or what he knows has heard or
believes touching or concerning the same and if such Person or Persons so
presented shall refuse to be so examined or shall not answer directly thereto
then and in every such Case such Presentation shall be void.

And be it further enacted by the Authority aforesaid That it shall and
may be lawful for the Chancellor and Scholars of the respective Universities to
whom the Presentation to such Benefices and Ecclesiastical Livings should
belong in case the rightful Patrons had been Popish Recusants convict and
their Presentees or Clerks for the better Discovery of such secret and fraudu-
lent Trusts had done made and created by or for such Papists or Persons pro-
fessing the Popish Religion and their Children as aforesaid to exhibit their
Bill in any Court of Equity against such Person or Persons presenting and
such Person or Persons as they have reason to believe to be the Cestuy que
Trust of the Advowson of such Benefice or Ecclesiastical Living or any other
Person whom they have cause to suspect may be able to make any other or
further Discovery of such secret Trusts and Practices to which Bill the De-
fendant therein named being duly served with the Process of the Court in
which the said Bill shall be exhibited shall forthwith directly answer to the
Facts charged and enquired in the said Bill at the Discretion of the Court
where such Bill shall be exhibited and in case the Defendants or any of them
shall refuse or neglect to answer the said Bill in such reasonable Time as
shall be for that Purpose allowed and appointed by Discretion of the said
Court where the said Cause shall be depending (the Distance of Place and
the Circumstances of the Defendant or Defendants considered) that then and
in such Case the said Bill shall be taken pro confesso and be allowed as
Evidence against such Person so neglecting and refusing and his Trustee or
Trustees and his and their Clerk. Provided that every Person having fully

1714] ANNE, 119

answered such Bill in such Court of Equity and not knowing any thing of
such Trust for a Papist or other Person disabled as aforesaid shall be en-
titled to his Costs to be taxed according to the Course of the Court.

And be it further enacted by the Authority aforesaid That it shall and
may be lawful for the Court where any Quare impedit shall be hereafter de-
pending at the Instance of either of the said Chancellor or Scholars or their
Clerk being Plaintiffs or Defendants in such Suit by Motion in open Court
at their Discretion to make any Rule or Order requiring Satisfaction upon the
Oath of such Patron and his Clerk who in the said suit shall contest the
Right of the said University to present to such Benefice or Ecclesiastical
Liv-ing by Examination of them or either of them in open Court or by Com-
mission under the Seal of such Court for Examination of them or either of
them or by Affidavit as the said Court shall find most proper in order to the
Discovery of any secret Trusts Frauds or Practices relating to the said Pre-
sentation then in Question and in case it appear to the Court upon the Ex-
amination of such Patron and Clerk or either of them that the said Patron
is but a Trustee for some other Person or Persons that then the said Patron
and his Clerk shall discover who such Person and Persons are and where he
she or they live or inhabit and upon their Refusal to make such Discovery
or to give such Satisfaction as aforesaid they shall be punished as Persons
that are guilty of a contempt to the said Court and in case such Patron or
his clerk shall discover the Person for whom the said Patron is a Trustee
that then and in such Case the said Court upon Motion made in open Court
shall make a Rule or Order that the Person or Persons for whom the said
Patron is a Trustee shall in the said Court or before Commissioners to be
appointed for that Purpose under the Seal of the said Court make repeat and
subscribe the Declaration against Transvibstantiation herein before mentioned
and likewise on pain of incurring a contempt against the said Court give
such further Satisfaction upon Oath touching or relating to the said Trust as
the said Court shall think fit and such Person so required to make repeat
and subscribe the said Declaration and refusing or neglecting so to do shall
be esteemed as a Popish Recusant convict in respect of such Presentation,

And be it further enacted That the Answer of such Patron and Patrons
and the Person for whom he or they are any ways intrusted and his and their
Clerk or any of them and his and their or any of their Examinations and
Affidavits taken as aforesaid by Order of any Court where such Quare impe-
dit shall be depending or by any Archbishop Bishop or other Ordinary or the
Commissioners as aforesaid (which Examinations shall therefore be reduced
into Writing and signed by the Party examined) shall be allowed as Evi-
dence against such Patron so presenting and his Clerk.

Provided always That no such Bill nor any Discovery to be made by any
Answer thereunto or to any such Examination as aforesaid shall be made use
of to subject any Person making any such Discovery or not answering such
Bill to any Penalty or Forfeiture other than the Loss of the Presentation then
in Question.

And it is hereby further enacted That in case of any such Bill or
Bills of Discovery as aforesaid exhibited in any Court of Equity by the Chan-
cellor and Scholars of either of the said Universities or their Presentee no
Lapse shall occur nor Plenarty be a Bar against such Chancellor and Scholars
in respect of the Benefice or Ecclesiastical Living touching which such Bill
shall be so exhibited till after Three Months from the Time that the Answer
to such Bill shall be put in or the same be taken pro Confesso or the Prose-

120 ANNE. [1714

cution thereof deserted provided that such Bill or Bills be exhibited before any
Lapse incurred.

And whereas it hath been doubted whether any Writ of Quare impedit
brought by the respective Universities for any Presentation Nomination Colla-
tion or Donation pursuant to the said recited Acts or either of them may be
brought by them in or by the Name of Chancellor and Scholars or ought to be
by their true Name of Incorporation respectively (1) it is hereby declared
That the said respective Chancellors and Scholars of the said Universities are
by this Act and were by the said former Acts entitled to sue any Writ of
Quare impedit by the Name of Chancellor and Scholars of the University of
Oxford and Chancellor and Scholars of the University of Cambridge respec-
tively or by their respective proper Names of Incorporation at their Election.

And be it further enacted That in case of any Trust for any Papist or
Person professing the Popish Religion confessed or discovered in and by any
Answer to such Bill as aforesaid or such Examination as aforesaid it shall and
may be lawful for the Court where such Discovery shall be made and such
Court is hereby enabled to inforce the producing of the Deeds creating and re-
lating to the said Trusts by such Methods as they shall find proper.(2)

By an act to which the royal assent was given on the 9th of July,
the Plumian and Lucasian Professors for the time being, were con-
stituted (with others) commissioners for the discovery of the longi-
tude at sea.(3)

(1) See Univ. of Camb. v. Abp. of York, Modern Eeports, x. 207.

(2) Stat. 13 Ann. c. 13, ss. 1—11.

(3) Stat. 13 Ann. c. 14.

121

GEORGE THE FIRST.

1714.

On the 3rd of August, " Dr. Lany, Master of Pembroke Hall, and
" Deputy Vice-Chancellor of the University, in the absence of the
" Vice-Chancellor, summoned the Heads of Houses, and the Doctors
•' of all Faculties, to meet him at the Schools, where being assem-
*' bled and attended by the Masters of Arts and Students, they pro-
" ceeded in their formalities to the Market-Cross, and Proclaimed His
" Majesty with the usual Solemnity. "(i) On the same day the King
was proclaimed by the Town.(2)

The University published a collection of poems on the death of
Queen Anne and the accession of George I., with this title, " Moestis-
sima; ac Laetissimse Academise Cantabrigiensis Carmina Fuuebria ac
Triumphalia illis serenissimam ac desideratissimam Reginam Annam
repentina morte abreptam deflet. his augustissimo potentissimoque
Regi Georgio Britannicum solium optimis auspiciis ascendenti gratu-
latur."(3) Amongst the contributors were Thomas Greene Vicechan-
cellor afterwards Bishop of Ely, John Covel Master of Christ's Col-
lege, Thomas Sherlock Master of Catharine Hall afterwards Bishop
of London, Jeremiah Markland of Peterhouse, Thomas Robinson of
Trinity College afterwards Secretary of State and Lord Grantham,
Zachary Pearce of Trinity College afterwards Bishop of Rochester,
Morris Drake of Trinity College, Alured Ch.rke of Corpus Christi
College afterwards Dean of Exeter, and Roger Long of Pembroke
Hall.

(1) London Gazette, 3 to 7 Aug. 1714.

(2) Aid. Newton's Diary.

(3) " Cantabrig-ia> mdccxiv." fo.

VOL. IV. Q

122 GEORGE THE FIRST. [1714

At St. James's on the 22nd of September, " the following Address
" from the University of Cambridge, was presented to His Majesty
" by his Grace the Duke of Somerset their Chancellor, accompanied
" by the Vice- Chancellor, the Archbishop of York, the Marquis of
" Dorchester, the Earl of Manchester their High Steward, the Earl
'' of Anglesea, Earl of Nottingham, Bishop of St. Asaph, with seve-
" ral others of the Nobility, together with their representatives in
" Parliament, & more than twenty Heads of Houses, & Doctors, the
" Senior Proctor, & a great number of Masters of Arts, all in their
" proper Habits ; a book of Verses on the occasion of the death of the
" late Queen, & of his Majesty's happy Accession to the Crown, was
" presented at the same time to the King, by the said Body, who
" had the Honour to receive a most gracious Answer, & to kiss his
" Majesty's hand :" —

To THE King's most excellent Majesty.
The humble Address of the Chancellor, Masters & Scholars of the

University of Cambridge.
May it please your most Sacred Majesty,

"We your Majesty's most Dutiful and Loyal Subjects, the Chancellor, Mas-
ters Sc Scholars of your University of Cambridge, do most humbly beg leave
to approach your Sacred person, to condole with your Majesty, for the death
of our late most Gracious Sovereign Queen Anne, of blessed memory; Avhose
Zeal for our Common faith, her protection of our particular Privileges, Her
bounty to the poorer clergy, & more especially her pious care for the peace &
welfare of all her people, to the latest posterity, by following the steps of her
Glorious predecessor, in securing the succession to these Realms in your Ma-
jesty's most Illustrious House, will ever render her name dear & precious to
all true lovers of their Country, & of our most Holy Church & Religion.

At the same time, we cannot but adore the Divine goodness, which has
allay'd oiu- Griefs & dispell'd our fears by your Majesty's peaceable accession
to the Imperial Cro^ATi of these Kingdoms, & your safe arrival to your peo-
ple; for which Ave hvmrbly beg leave, with the most loyal & dutiful Affection,
to congratulate your Sacred Majesty, And with the most sincere & ardent de-
votion to bless Almighty God, who hath adorned you with such Royal Virtues,
as give us a sure prospect of enjoying the greatest blessings under your Ma-
jesty's most auspicious reign.

As his Royal Highness the Prince, by the Stile & Title of Duke of Cam-
bridge, hath done vis a singular Honour, Avhich gives him a peculiar claim to
our Duty, & lays upon us the strongest Obligations of a most profound respect
to his person ; so Ave shall ever endeavour to render ourselves worthy of his
favour & protection by distinguishing ourselves in all proper instances of an
extraordinary Zeal for your Majesty's service, & the honour of all your Royal
House.

It would be unpardonable folly, & doAvnright infatuation, if any of your Ma-
jesty's Protestant Subjects should turn their eyes to a Popish Pretender, Avho
can never reign over us, but to the certain loss of every thing that ought to
be dear to us, either as Ave are Britons or Protestants. But then your Ma-
jesty's most loyal University must be utterly incapable of a thought so dc-

1714] GEORGE THE FIRST. jg^

structive to our most Holy faith so opposite to our happy constitution both
in Church & State, so full of Ingratitude to God, & of injustice to your
Majesty, who by the death of our late Sovereign, have now alone the right-
ful and undoubted title to the Imperial Crown of these Realms, which receive
a new Lustre by your Majesty's happy Accession to it.

Out of a deep sense of these things, & in obedience to the just & whol-
some Laws of the Realm, & in a conscientious regard to our repeated Oaths,
we most humbly presume to assure your Majesty, That as our o^ra Studies
& endeavours shall always be employ'd in the Defence of your Majesty's Sacred
Person & Government, & your just & rightful Title to our Allegiance against
the Pretender, & all other your Majesty's Enemies & opposers whatsoever :
so shall it be likewise our especial care, that all those who are educated
amongst us, be instructed in the same true principles of loyalty and Duty to
your Majesty.

May that good God, by whom Kings reign, ever protect your Sacred person
from all secret attempts and open violence ! May he direct, bless, and prosper
all your Counsels to his Glory, the honour of your Majesty, & the welfare
of your people ! May your life be long, & your reign happy ! And when he
shall please to exchange this your earthly Crown for a Cro\\'n of Glory, may
you be succeeded by Princes of the like Consummate Wisdom & Goodness
in your most illustrious family, till time shall be no more !

The King's " most Gracious Answer" was in these terms : —

I thank you for the very Dutiful & Affectionate expressions in your Ad-
dress, especially that wherein you assure me of your endeavours to cultivate,
and particularly to instruct the youth in principles of loyalty & duty to my
Government.

You may depend on a suitable return from me, and that I will not fall
short of any of my predecessors in my Zeal for the Church of England, &
protection of your particular privileges.

" They afterwards waited on the Prince of Wales & having pre-
*' sented to his Royal Highness a book of Verses on the said occa-
" sion, were graciously received by him & had the honour of
*' kissing his hand."(i)

The following address to the King passed the seal of the Corpo-
ration on the 13th of September: —

To THE King's most excellent Majesty.
The humble Address of the Mayor, Recorder, Aldermen, Common
Council and Burgesses of your ancient and loyal Corporation of
Cambridge.

We crave leave to condole with your Majesty on the death of our late gra-
cious sovereign Queen Anne, and to consider it as a loss to this nation no
otherwise to be repaired than by your Majesty's accession to the throne.

If amongst her late Majesty's many virtues we contemplate on her wisdom
and incessant care for the well being of her people, no greater instance can
occur than the security that the imperial crown of these kingdoms should
upon her demise descend to your Majesty, and no further cares or difficul-

(1) London Gazette, 28 Sept. to 2 Oct. 1711.

124 GEORGE THE FIRST. [1714

ties attend her subjects, than what should arise from the sense of their mis-
fortune in the loss of so gracious a Queen,

It has been some time since the suffrage and unanimous opinion of your
Majesty's nation that the continuance of monarchy, the preservation of the
Protestant religion, the maintenance of the Church of England as by law
established, and the security of our ancient rights, liberties, peace and tran-
quility did (under God) entirely depend in settling the crown and dignity
in your Majesty's most illustrious house of Hanover, We therefore having
already the fruition of these invaluable blessings under your Majesty's go-
vernment, do with all joy and sincerity of heart congratulate your Majesty
upon your accession to your throne and safe arrival to this your kingdom
of Great Britain, and do beg leave to assure your Majesty that our fidelity
to your Majesty's sacred person and government shall be such as be-
comes the most loyal and dutiful subjects to so great and glorious a King,
whose reign we wish may be long and prosperous over a happy and united
people.

"VVe likewise presume to congratulate upon his arrival the most noble Prince
George Augustus, Electoral Prince of Hanover and Duke of Cambridge, son
and heir apparent of your most sacred Majesty, in whose person and Royal
issue the continuance of our present happiness will depend, and esteem it
our greatest honour that his Royal Highness has vouchsafed to bear as one
of his princely titles that of the Duke of Cambridge.

In testimony whereof we have hereunto affixed our common seal the
thirteenth day of September in the first year of your Majesty's reign.(I)

Dr. Brookbank the Official of the Archdeaconry of Ely, submitted
to the arbitration of Dr. Sherlock the Vicechancellor, the question in
dispute as to the testamentary jurisdiction of the University.(2) The
Vicechancellor thereupon drew up the following declaration : —

Whereas the right of this University of Cambridge as to the Probate of
Wills hath been lately brought into controversy by John Brookbank D^".
of Lawes, Oificial to the Archdeacon of Ely, •with respect to some persons
reckon'd to be under the Privilege & to belong to the Court of the Univer-
sity. And whereas the said John Brookbank hath of his OA\-n accord re-
ferred the matter in question to the Rev. Dr. Sherlock Vicechancellor of the
University to be by him equitably & amicably decided, after Examination
made into the Charters Records Registers &c. of the University. Now such
examination having been made, It doth appear to the said Vicechancellor
& accordingly it is declar'd, that the University has an undoubted right to
the Probate of Wills, & granting Administrations of goods of all such per-
sons as are hereafter mentioned.

1. All persons who are describ'd & declar'd to be lander privilege in that
antient Record belonging to the University called Processus Barnwellensis,(3)
& all & singular persons describ'd or mention'd as Scholars Servants in the
Royal Charters granted to the University by the Kings & Queens of Eng-
land, especially those describ'd or mention'd in one Charter granted by Queen
Elizabeth in the third year of her Reign,(4) & in one other Charter granted

(1) Corporation Coucher.

(2) Vide ante, p. 109.

(3) Vide Vol. 1. p. 182.

(4) Vide Vol. ii. p. 168,

1714] GEORGE THE FIRST. 1^5

by the said Queen Elizabeth in the one & thirtieth year of her Reign(I) &
in the Composition between the University & the To-\vn,(2) to which reference
is had in the last named Charter,

2. All Children & Servants of Scholars or of any privileged person as
above mention'd which Children or Servants at the time of their death are
of the Family of any Scholar or privileg'd person.

3. All Widows of Scholars or privileg'd persons who continue to their death
the widows of such Scholars or privileg'd persons.

4. All Children & Servants of such Widows being of the Family of the
said Widows at the time of their respective deaths.

And 'tis further declar'd that 'tis not the Intent of this Writing to
preclude the University from any other Right or privilege which may be here
omitted & which shall otherwise appear to belong to it, but the Intent is
only to settle the points lately disputed.

To this declarcatiou Drs. Brookbank and Bentley assented in the

following terms : —

I Joiix Brookbank Doctor of Laws & Officiall to the Archdeacon of Ely,
r>o acknowledge & admit of this Declaration & Specification of the Rights &
privileges of the University as just & right. And I do for my self & Suc-
cessors the Officials of the Archdeacon of Ely for ever renounce & disclaim
all pretensions to the Probate of Wills or to the right of granting Adminis-
trations of all & singular persons therein specified. In avitness whereof I
have hereunto set my hand & Seal of Office this one & twentieth day of
December, Anno Domini 1714.

J. Brookbank (L.S.)

I Richard Bentley Archdeacon of Ely, do for my self & Successors the
Archdeacons of Ely for ever approve, ratify, & confirm this Act of my Offi-
ciall. In witness whereof I have to these presents set my hand the day
& year above written.

R. Bentley.(3)

On the 21st of December, the foregoing documents were read and
published in full convocation by Mr. Pycroft the Senior Proctor.
The following grace was read at the same time and on the follow-
ing day passed unanimously : — W

Whereas by a Decree of the Senate, made about three years ago when the
Ecclesiasticall Jurisdiction was in some instances disputed by John Brookbank
Di". of Laws & Official to the Revd. Richard Bentley Archdeacon of Ely, all
Archdeacons of Ely & their Officials are for ever excluded from being Vice-
Chancellor or Deputy Vicechancellor of this University. Now the said Dis-
pute being amicably determin'd & your disputed Rights acknoAvlcdg'd under
the hands & seal of office of the said Archdeacon, & his Officiall & the En-
trys of all proceedings in the Books of the said Office prejudicial! to the
Rights of this University being cancell'd ; May it please you that the above
mention'd Decree may be likewise repeal'd & canceird.(5)

(1) Vide Vol. ii. p. 47:5.

(2) Vide Vol. i. p. 262.

(3) MS. Baker, xlii. 208.

(4) Monk, Life of Bentley, i. 072.
{:•>) MS. Baker, xlii. 209.

12Q GEORGE THE FIRST. [1715

'14| On
7^ I given

1714"^ On the 4tli of January, the public thanks of the University were
to Dr. Bentley Master of Trinity College, for his eminent ser-
vice to the Christian Religion and the Clergy of England, by refuting
the objections and exposing the ignorance of an impious set of writers
calling themselves Freethinkers, and Dr. Bentley was desired to finish
what remained of so useful a work.(i)

There was a contested election for the town on the 27th of Janu-
ary. The candidates were Sir John Hynde Cotton Bart,, Thomas
Sclater(2) Esq., Samuel Shepheard, jun. Esq., and John Jenyns jun.
Esq. The numbers polled were Cotton 196 ; Sclater 175 ; Shepheard
156; Jenyns 105. The unsuccessful candidates petitioned against the
return, and the House of Commons unseated Mr. Sclater and declared
Mr. Shepheard duly elected.

The representation of the county was contested by John Bromley
Esq.(3) of Horseheath, John Jenyns Esq. of March, and Granado
Pigot Esq. of Abington Pigots. The two first named were returned,
but Mr. Pigot petitioned against the return on the ground of bribery,
and that Mr. Bromley had refused to take the oath of qualification.
This petition was withdrawn on the 3rd of April, 1717.(4)

1715.

On the 26th of March, Mr. Shepheard and Mr. Jenyns petitioned
the House of Commons against the return of Sir John Hynde Cot-
ton and Mr. Sclater as Members for the town. The petition was
referred to the Committee of Privileges and Elections, who made
an order for the petitioners or their agents to inspect the records,
charters, public books, and writings of the town. This order
Charles Chambers the Mayor refused to obey. His disobedience
being complained of to the House on the 4th of April, it was
resolved by 182 against 142, that he should be taken into the cus-
tody of the Serjeant at Arms, as he accordingly was. On the
11th, he was discharged on his submission. On the 27th of May,
the Committee presented their report in favour of the sitting
members, but two of the resolutions of the Committee were nega-
tived by the House on divisions, and the return was amended by
erasing Mr. Sclater's name and inserting Mr. Shepheard's in lieu

(1) Monk, Life of Bentley, i, 373.

(2) Mr. Sclater afterwards took the name of Bacon. He represented the town from 1722
till Ills death in 1736.

(3) On the 12th of November, 1718, n new writ for the county Mas ordered on Mr. Brom-
ley's death.

(4) Commons' Journals, xviii. 37, 487, 522.

171.5] GEORGE THE FIRST. jg^

thereof. Subjoined arc the entries in the journals respecting this
petition : —

Sabbati, 26o. die Martii; Axno l". Geokgii Regis, 1715.

A Petition of Samuel Shcpheard junior and John Jenyns junior, Esquires,
complaining of an undue Election and Return for the Town of Cambridge,
was read; setting forth, That at the Election for the Tovm of Cambridge,
Sir John HjTide Cotton Baronet, and Thomas Sclater Esquire, and the Pe-
titioners, stood Candidates : That Charles Chambers, Mayor of the said Town,
^A-ith others, took upon themselves to make several Persons free, contrary to,
and in Violation of, the ancient Constitution of the said To\\'n : And that
the said Sir John Hynde Cotton, and Thomas Sclater, and their Agents, are
guilty of Bi-iber\% and other Practices; by which Proceedings they were re-
turned, although the Petitioners were duly elected, and ought to have been
returned: And praying the Consideration of the House in the Premises.

Ordered, That the said Petition be referred to t>he Consideration of the
Committee of Privileges and Elections : And that they do examine the Mat-
ter thereof; and report the same, with their Opinion thereupon, to the House,

Lux.i!;, 4^. DIE Aprilis; Anxo lo. Geokgii Regis, 1715.

A Complaint being made to the House, That the Mayor of the ToA\-n of
Cambridge being served with an Order of the Committee of Privileges and
Elections, for permitting Mr. Shepheard and Mr Jenyns, or their Agents, to
inspect the Records, Charters, and publick Books and Writings, of the said
Town

Mr. Joseph Pyke and Mr. John York were called in ; and examined at the Bar

And the Order of the Committee was read.

And a Motion being made, and the Question being put. That Mr. Charles
Chambei-s, Mayor of the Towti of Cambridge, having refused to obey the
Order of the Committee of Privileges and Elections, for permitting Samuel
Shepheard junior, and John Jenyns junior, Esquires, or their Agents, to
inspect the Records, Charters, and publick Books and "Writings, of the said
Town, be, for the said Contempt, taken into the Custody of the Serjeant
at Arms attending this House.

The House divided,

The Yeas go forth.

r Lord Hinchingbrooke, 1

Tellers for the Yeas,«j_g.^. ^^.^^^^.^^ Sandford: /

{Sir Willoughby Hickman, 1
Mr. CoWr: j 1^^.

So it was resolved in the Affirmative.

Sabbati, 9° die Aprilis ; Anno !« Georgii Regis, 1715.
A Petition of Charles Chambers, Mayor of Cambridge, in Custody of the
Serjeant at Arms attending this House, for his refusing to obey an Order
of the Committee of Privileges and Elections, for permitting Samuel She-
pheard junior, and John Jenings junior. Esquires, or their Agents, to in-
spect the Records, Charters, and publick Books and Writings, of the said
Town, was presented to the House, and read ; setting forth. That, by an
Order of this Honoiu-able House, the Petitioner was committed to the Cus-
tody of the Serjeant at Arms, for refusing to obey an Order of the Com-,
mittec of Privileges and Elections, for permitting Samuel Shepheard junior,
and John Jenyns junior, Esquires, or tlieir Agents, to inspect the Records,

182.

jgg GEORGE THE FIRST. [1715

Charters, &c., of the said Town: That the Petitioner is sorry that he is
fallen niider the Displeasure of this House, and begs pardon of your Ho-
nours, for the said Offence ; but in regard he is incapable, while in Custody,
of obeying the said Order ; and that not only his private Concerns, but the
Affairs of'' the said Town, require his being in the Country: And prapng,
That your Honours inll be pleased to order him to be discharged out of

Custody.

Ordered, That the said Charles Chambers be brought to the Bar of this
House on Monday Morning next, in order to his Discharge.

LuNJE, llo. DIE Aprilis ; Axxo 10. Georgii Regis, 1715.

The Mayor of Cambridge was, according to Order, brought to the Bar:
Where he, upon his Knees, received a Reprimand from Mr. Speaker; and
was discharged out of Custody, paying his Fees.

Veneris, TJ^. die Maii ; Anno lo. Georgii Regis, 1715.

A Motion being made, and the Question being put, that the Report from
the Committee of Privileges and Elections, touching the Election for the
Town of Cambridge, be now received.

The House divided.

The Noes go forth.

Tenets fo, the Yeas,(^J.SmeU,^ } UO.

rx. 1, * .-u XT r^Ir. Winstanley, 1 y-yr^
Tellers for the Noes,.| ,r rr • f

\ Mr. Trevanion . J

So it was resolved in the Affirmative.

Mr. Hampden, according to Order, reported, from the said Committee, the
Matter touching the said Election, and the Resolutions of the Committee,
thereupon ; which they had directed him to report to the House ; which he
read in his Place ; and afterwards delivered in at the Clerk's Table : Where
the same Avere read ; And the Report and Resolutions are as follow, viz. : —
Upon the Petition of Samuel Shepheard junior, and John Jenyns junior,
Esquires, complaining of an undue Election and Return of Sir John
Hynde Cotton Baronet, and Thomas Sclater Esquire, for the Town of
Cambridge :
That it was agreed. That Cambridge is a Corporation by Prescription;
and that the Right of Election is in all Freemen not receiving Alms.
That the Poll was ;

For Sir John Hynde Cotton, 196 : Mr. Shepheard, 156 :
Mr. Sclater, 175 : Mr. Jenyns, 105.

That the Petitioners' Counsel objected to 61 of the Sitting Members'
Voters; viz. 36 as disqualified Freemen; 23 on account of Bribery; One
under Age ; and One receiving Alms :

That, on the Head of disqualified Freemen, the Petitioners' Counsel al-
leged, There are Two Courts held in this Town; One called the General
Common Day, the other the Private, or Summoned, Common Day:

That the General Common Day is held Five times a Year, on particular
Days appointed by the Charter, when the Coi-poration assemble Arithout Sum-
mons ; and the Private, or Summoned, Common Day, is held as often as the
Mayor thinks fit ; of which, they insisted, there ought to be a reasonable Sum-
mons, by One Day's Notice at the least; and that no Freemen could be
admitted but at one of these General, Summoned, Common Days, when a
Majority of the Aldermen, being Six at least, must be present :

1715] GEORGE THE FIIiST. jOQ

That they produced the following Instances in the Town Books;

In Phil. & Mar. Eight Summoned Common Days held; viz.

One, procscntibus majore, aldcrmannis, balivis, et 24 :

Another, coram majore, et balivis, necnon Roberto Smith, uno aldermanno-
rum villa; prjcdictae, ac aliis aldcrniannorum, etiam magna congrcgatione bur-
gensium villa;, prout mos est :

Another, coram majore et balivis, necnon Williclmo Hasscll, uno aldernian-
norum, prout mos est :

Another, prassentibus majore, aldermannis, balivis, 24, et communitate:

Another, prajsentibus majore, aldermannis, et 24 :

Another, coram majore et balivis necnon Roberto Chapman, uno alderman-
norum, prout mos est:

Another, stiled Dies communis legitime summonitus ; and no mention is made
of Aldermen being present :

Another, stiled Dies communis, praisentibus de aldermannis, the Mayor, and
Nine other. Three Bailiffs, and 14 of the 24.

9o. of Eliz. Two Summoned Common Days ; One praesentibus majore, alder-
mannis, et 24; and the other, stiled Dies communis legitime summonitus:

That it does not appear, that any Freemen were admitted at any of these
Courts ; but other Business was done.

7°. Jan. 1633. A Summoned Common Day, when a Freeman was admitted ;
and the Recorder, and Nine Aldermen, are mentioned to be present :

That, between the Years 1633 and 1653, the Petitioners Counsel produced
Nine Instances ; viz. Four of Admissions of Freemen at Summoned Common
Days ; and Five other Instances of Business done on the like Days, when Six,
or a greater Number of. Aldermen are mentioned to be present :

That the Stile of these several Courts is, a Summoned Common Day ; with-
out mentioning before whom held :

In 1653, the Stile of the Summoned Common Day is altered ; they are then
mentioned to be held before the Mayor and Bailiffs:

And between the Years 1653 and 1660, the Petitioners Counsel produced
13 Instances; viz. Five of Admissions of Freemen at Summoned Common
Days so held; and Eight Instances of Business done on the like Days, when
Six, or a greater Number of Aldermen are mentioned to be present.

That in 1660, the Stile of these Courts is again altered ; in that Year, they
are mentioned to be held before the Mayor, Bailiffs, and Burgesses : After-
guards, that Stile is altered ; and the usual Stile is, a Summoned Common
Day Court, such a one Mayor :

In the Years 1660, 1661, and 1662, the Petitioners Counsel produced 14
Instances; viz. Six Summoned Common Days, Two General Common Days,
when Freemen were admitted ; and Six other Summoned Common Days, when
Business was done; and another Summoned Common Day in 1713, when a
Freeman was admitted: At all which Days, Six, or a greater Number of. Al-
dermen are mentioned to be present.

That the Petitioners Counsel offered to produce many other Instances since
the Year 1662, of Admissions of Freemen, when a Majority of Aldermen ap-
peared to be present.

That the Sitting Members Counsel admitted. That, from the Year 1662,
Avhenever the Aldermen present are named, they are generally Six, or more,
in Number.

That the Petitioners Counsel produced an Instance, 14 April 1653, of a
Summoned Common Day, when the Entry is thus; "Nothing done at the

VOL. IV. R

130 GEORGE THE FIRST. [1715

" said Day, by Defect of a competent Number of Aldermen, most of them
"being out of Town."

That the Petitioners Counsel allowed there are some Entries of Admis-
sions to Freedom, when less than Six Aldermen are named to be present;
but insisted Six Aldermen are necessary.

To shew such Entries might be mistaken, they produced the Town-Book
of a Common Day Court, held 12 February 1713, when only six Alder-
men are named to be present ; and called,

Mr. Joseph Pyke : Who said, He was then an Alderman of the To\vn
and was present during the whole Court ; although his Name is not entered
in the Book.

That the Petitioners Counsel produced a Collection of Orders in the Tomh-
Book, for the better Government and Quiet of the Town, made at a Sum-
moned Common Day, 14 August 1629 ; One of which is. That before the
Mayor summon a Common Day, he and the Aldermen meet, and agree of the
Things to be propounded that Day; and what shall be agreed by the major
Part, the Mayor shall propound ; and that no Proposition shall be made by
the Mayor against the AVill of the greater Part of the Aldermen ; and when
the Propositions are agreed on, then, and not before the Common Day to be
warned.

That it appears by the TowTi-Book, that 28 July 1691, a Summoned Com-
mon Day Avas held in the Mayoralty of Mr. Ewen : Five Aldermen are named
to be present ; and there is a Rasure among their Names.

The Petitioners Counsel alleged this to be a Rasure of the Name of
another Alderman then present; and called

Thomas Sanders : Who said, That, since Michaelmas last, he had some
Discourse with Mr. Fox the Town-Clerk; who told him. There was always
Six Aldermen present when any Freemen were admitted in Mr. E wen's Mayor-
alty : But Fox was not then Toaati Clerk.

Thomas Crab, One of the Common-Council, said. He has been a Freeman
40 Years; and has been Treasurer and Bailiff; and that he never heard it
pretended, till now, that Freemen could be admitted, without Six Aldermen
present.

That, for 21 Years he has kno-RTi this to be the Usage upon the Common
Days; the Mayor and Aldermen assemble in their Parlour, and the Common-
Council in their Hall ; and nothing can be done but what is first proposed
by the Mayor, and agreed to by Six Aldermen then present; and for want
of a Sixth Alderman, he has several times known the Common Days break
up, and nothing done, though the Mayor and Five Aldermen have been present.

John York said. He has been a Freeman 20 Years, and 16 Years a Com.
mon-Council-man : That it is requisite the Mayor and Six Aldermen be pre-
sent at the Admission of Freemen at a Private Common Day : That when
Three, Four, and Five Aldermen, besides the Mayor, have been present, he
has known the Common Day break up for want of a Sixth Alderman ; and
that he remembered but Tavo or Three Instances of doing any Business when
less than Six Aldermen were present.

Wm. Simonds said. He has known the Corporation Thirty Years; and has
been of the Common-Council 18 Years ; That Six Aldermen, besides the Mayor,
were always necessary for admitting Freemen ; he has several times known the
Courts break up for Avant of a Sixth Alderman, when Five have been present,
beside the Mayor ; and never knew it otherwise, but in a late Instance or
Two within these Three Years,

1715J GEORGE THE FIRST. ^3^

Wm. Read and Tuo, Sanders (one is of the Common-Council, the other
a Burgess), said, They had known the Corporation 17 Years: That Six Alder-
men, beside the Mayor, Avere always necessary for admitting Freemen: That
they never knew any Business of Moment done, such as making Leases or
Freemen, though intitled by Birth, or Service, without Six Aldermen present ;
and that they had known the Courts break up several times for want of that
Number of Aldermen.

John Wendy, another of the Common-Council, said, He had known the

Corporation 30 Years : That Six or more Aldermen are necessary to make

Freemen; and that they always broke up if Six Aldermen were not present.

That, as to the Manner of making the Thirty six Freemen objected to,

the Petitioners Counsel called,

AVm. Rumbold : Who said, That, on the oth of October last, the Mayor
proposed to make some honorary Freemen : Twelve Aldermen were then pre-
sent, and Seven of them opposed to it; which stopped those Proceedings that
Day.

John Yokk said, He was at the Common Day the 14th of October last,
when the Mayor and only Five Aldermen, were present: The Mayor declared
to the Common-Council, That he called that Common Day to make his own
Freeman ;(1) and, after a little Discourse, proposed that Freeman and several
more; but the Witness, and others, protested against admitting any Freeman
at that time, for want of a sufficient Number of Aldermen present; and cau-
tioned the Mayor against proceeding ; But the Mayor said. There was an
Alderman of the Corporation that would justify him, and he would do it; and
that he made 36 Freemen (2) that Day, notwithstanding their Protests.

That it was admitted by the Sitting Members Counsel, that the 36 Free-
men objected to were admitted to Freedom on the 14th of October, and 10th
of November last, when only the Mayor, and five Aldermen were present.

Tho. Sanders said, That 13 of those 36 Freemen had a Right by Birth,
or Ser\ice; and the rest purchased or were honorary Freemen. That, the
Witness afterwards telling the Mayor he could not justify those Admissions ;
and that Complaint would be made to the King's Bench, and to the House
of Commons ; the Mayor said, He did not value either ; and that, if those he
had made would not carry the Election, he would make 60 or 100 more : And
the Town-Clerk said. They would give Mr. Shepheard his Belly-full of the
King's Bench, and of the House of Commons:

The Witness farther said, The Sitting Members were present at both Courts
when these 36 Freemen were admitted ; and, if they had not been there, they
durst not have done as they did.

Mr. Crab said. He was summoned to be at the Common Day Com't the
14th of October last, at Two of the Clock ; and that he had no Notice of it
till between 11 and 12 the same Day : That, formerly. Notice was given the
day before; but of late, it has been usual to give it at Nine of the Clock
in the Morning of the same Day.

Theophilus Tybrel said. That discoursing with the Mayor, last Assizes,
about the Election, he told the Mayor, That he heard he had Security given
him ; and that now the Petitieners had petitioned, the Witness supposed he

(1) Samuel Baniadiston Esq. of Kettou, in Suffolk.

(2) Amougst them were Thomas Cotton of Conington, Esq., Charles Firebrass of Long Mel-
ford, Suffolk, Esq., John Buck of Westwick, Esq., Thomas Buck of Westwick, Esq., William
Stevens of Linton, Clerk, Fleetwood JS'evill of Rampton, Clerk, Richard Langley of Chester-
ton, gent., Richard Bludwick of Wisbech, gont., Stephen Isaacson of BurwcU, gent, William
Lunn of Elsworlh, Clerk, and Dinglcy Askhani of St. Ives, gent.

132 GEOKGE THE FIRST. [1715

was satisfied in his Security. To which the Mayor answered, He wished it
was more, or to that Purpose, but did not say from whom he had Security ;
or that he had any.

That the Petitioners Counsel produced a Rule of the Court of King's-
Bench in Hilary Term last, for an Information in the Name of a Quo War-
ranto, against the Mayor, and five Aldermen, for claiming a Privilege of
admitting Freemen without a Majority of the Mayor and Aldermen present.
That, on the Head of Bribery they called the following Witnesses;

Wm. Rumbold said, Nicholas Abthorpe told him. He intended to vote for
Mr. Shepheard ; but Dr. Edmonds, of St. John's, who has 60 Scholars, threat-
ening him with the Loss of their Custom for Grocery, made him vote for the
Sitting Members.

Nicholas Cutchy, who serves Gravel to St John's and Trinity Colleges,
said, he was threatened to lose their Custom, else he v/ould have voted for
Mr. Shepheard.

James Ivers promised Mr. Shepheard a single Vote ; but said. He could
not give it; because Sir Pynsent Charnock and Mr. Hervey threatened he
should lose their Business if he did ; and he voted for the Sitting Members.

Martin Appleyard promised Mr. Shepheard a Vote; but said, He voted
for the Sitting Members, because Mr. Sclater paid his Apothecary's Bill.

Edward Turkey promised Mr. Shepheard; but said. He voted for the
Sitting Members, because his Landlord threatened to ai-rest him for Rent if
he voted otherwise.

John Sewster said, Nicholas Cutchy declared, He had rather vote for Mr.
Shepheard ; but if he did not vote for the Sitting Members, he should lose all
his College Places.

Thomas Sanders said, Cutchy had declared he would vote for Mr. Shep-
heard ; but durst not, for fear Dr. Berry should turn him out of his Business
at St. John's ; and that he should lose all his other Work : The Witness
overheard Dr. Berry threaten to turn him, and his Son, out of their College-
Em-ployments :

That Charles Harding was arrested by the Witness for 30 Shillings; and
Mr. Whiskin, who voted for the Sitting Members, paid the Money ; and that
Harding voted for the Sitting Members.

Richard Sanders said, Alderman Carrington, who voted for the Sitting
Members, lent him 10 Pounds, without interest; that he voted for Mr. Shep-
heard and Mr. Sclater : And said, He voted for Mr. Sclater because he knew
him to be an honest Gentleman ; and that he did not know but he might
have voted for him if he had not had the Money.

John Bird said. That on the 14th of March last, David Hall told him, at
Wilton in Norfolk, That a Messenger who came down for him bore his Charges
to Cambridge ; that Mr. Sclater gave him Two Guineas to take up his Free-
dom, which cost him 10 Groats : Then he went down agahi, and was sent
for at the Election, and engaged to vote : After he had voted. Sir John Hynde
Cotton bid him go to Alderman Carrington, Avho should satisfy him for his
Trouble and Charge: He went; and the Alderman gave him Four Guineas,
and a Five Shilling Piece.

Thomas Gale said, He asked Thomas Fuller, the Night before the Elec-
tion, Why he would not vote for Mr. Shepheard? He answered, Because the
Mayor had taken away a Horse ; but that he was promised to have his Horse
again, or one as good, or Nine Pound iu Money ; and that was the Reason
he voted :

171oJ GEOIIGE THE FIRST. 133

That Philip Sanders told him, the Night before the Election, He would
vote for Mr. Shephcard ; but that Joseph and Benjamin Wendy, Two Butchers,
who voted for the Sitting Members, had sent him as many Sheep Skins as
came to Three Pounds and Ten Shillings, to vote for the Sitting Members.

Thomas Jones, a Voter for the Sitting Members, said. Alderman Carring-
ton's Brother paid Six Shillings for his Horse-hire ; and gave him Half a
Guinea for his Charges ; and, after he had polled, the Alderman gave him
Two Guineas ; and told him. Sir John and Mr. Sclater sent them : That Car-
rington likewise paid Ten Shillings to Benjamin Pcarce, which the Witness
owed him.

Mr. Short said, Thomas Rowland who voted for the Sitting Members,
told him, He had Four Guineas and a Half; Two before the Election, from
an Agent for the Sitting Members ; and Two after, from Sir John Hynde
Cotton himself.

John Witham said, His son Charles told him, Mr. Whiskin had promised
him a new Suit of Cloaths, and had given him a Pair of Breeches ; and that
he was to have the rest when the Two Sitting Members were seated in the
House : He was also promised to be helped to Dr. Bentley's Service :

Being cross-examined, he said. He drove Four Aldermen out of Town ;
viz. Mr. Pyke, Ewen, Rumbold, and FoAvle ; upon the 14th of October last ;
and that Mr. Shepheard was with them, at Bourn-Bridge.

That it appeared, by a Copy of the Register- Book of St. Sepulchre's Parish
in Cambridge, that Thomas Rowland was baptized the 3d of February, 1695.

John Witham said, John Morgan, who A'oted for the Sitting Members, has
received Collections of Sacrament Money and Bread Three or Four Years past.

John Woolar said, John Wildmau promised to give Mr. Shepheard a single
Vote ; but, being afterwards arrested, he told the Witness, Sir John Hyndc
Cotton sent him 50 Shillings, and paid the Debt ; and gave him a Suit of
Cloaths ; which made him vote for Sir John.

That the Petitioners Counsel acknowledged they could not make a Majo-
rity for Mr. Jenyns ; but submitted, whether Sir John Hynde Cotton's Elec-
tion was not vitiated by Bribery.

That the Sitting Members Counsel insisted, that the 36 Freemen admitted
14th of October and 10th November last, when only Five Aldermen were pre-
sent, with the Mayor, were regularly admitted : That the Common Day Courts
are held before the Mayor and Bailifis, and so stiled; and that the Alder-
men are no essential Part of those Courts : That the most ancient Entries
do not shew any Number of Aldermen present; nor does it appear what
Number they had, till their Charter in 1632 appointed 12 Aldermen: That the
Admission of Freemen is an Act of the Common-Council : That here is a
Mayor, Four Bailiffs, and 24 of the Common-Council; and that the Mayor,
Bailiffs, and Burgesses assembled, can admit Freemen, without Six Alder-
men present.

They produced the following Instances in the Town Books ; viz.

In Ed. VI. Three Common Days when Freemen were admitted ; and no
mention made of any Aldermen being present.

The Stile of those Courts is thus ; " A Common Day held."

1st and 2d Ph. and Mary, a Common Day held, when a Freeman was ad-
mitted : And,

2d and 3d Ph. and Mary, a Summoned Common Day, when Members of
Parliament were chose ; and Notice is not taken (;!' any Aldermen being
present ;

134 ' GEORGE THE FIRST. [1715

lo. Eliz. a Summoned Common Day, when Freemen were admitted, and
other Business done, prajsentibus tota communitate.

Nineteen other Instances ; viz. Seven tempore Eliz. and Eleven between the
Years 1636 and 1649, of Summoned Common Days, when Freemen were ad-
mitted, and Leases for 21 Years, or greater Terms, granted ; a general Com-
mon Day held in 1683, when a Freeman was admitted: In all which Instances
no Notice is taken whether any Aldermen were present.

In the stile of these Courts, the Mayor is but twice named; the rest are
stiled Summoned Common Days, without mentioning either Mayor, or Bailiffs.

Two-and-twenty other Summoned Common Days held, viz.

Seventeen between the said Years 1636 and 1649 ; at Three of which Days
Freemen were admitted, and Leases for 21 Years granted, when only five Al-
dermen are named to be present.

At four other of the said Days Officers were elected, and other Business done,
when the like Number of Five Aldermen are named to be present:

At Five other of the said Days, Freemen were admitted, and Leases for 21
Years granted, when only Four Aldermen are named to be present :

At another of the said Days a Mayor and Aldermen were elected ; and, at
another, a Treasurer elected ; and the like Number of Four Aldermen named
to be present :

At Three other of the said Days Freemen were admitted, when only Two
Persons are named to be present:

5 Mar. 1640, a Summoned Common Day, when Members of Parliament were
chose, the greater Part of the Burgesses of the Town being present, and no
Notice is taken, whether any Aldermen were then present, or not.

4 September, 1643, Present, Mayor, Recorder, and Five Aldermen ; and the
Entry is. That nothing was done this Day for want of a Bailiff, One Bailiff
only being present, upon which the Day was adjourned.

16 September, 1678, a Summoned Common Day held, when a Freeman was
sworn, and only Five Aldermen named to be present.

28 July 1691, a Summoned Common Day, in Mr. Ewen's Mayoralty, when
Three Freemen were admitted, and other Business done, and only Five Alder-
men named to be present : This is the Court where the Petitioner's Counsel
taken Notice of a Rasure among the Aldermen's Names,

10 December, 1695, a Summoned Common Day, Avhen a Freeman was ad-
mitted, and but Five Aldermen named to be present.

The Stile of these last-mentioned 22 Common Days, held since 1636, arc
thus ; viz.

Five are stiled. Summoned Common Days, held coram majore et balivis ;
the rest, Summoned Common Days, such a one Mayor.

That the Sitting Members' counsel produced the old Book of Orders, esta-
blished 16 March, 1626 ; One of which is, that no Mayor shall, at any time
hereafter, propound any thing to the House, unless he do first acquaint the
Aldermen then present with his Purpose ; and that the most part of the
Aldermen present do give their Assent to the same :

This, they said, was the first time any Aldermen became necessary ; but
the Number is not named.

And they produced the new Book of Orders and Constitutions, established
20th April, 1686; by which all Orders contained in the former Bpok of
Orders are made void, and new Orders established : One of which new Orders
is, that the Mayor shall not propound any thing at a Private Common Day,
unless Five Aldermen be there then present, and all consenting : And

1715] GEORGE THE FIRST. ^^^

Another, That, from henceforth, no Lease should be granted for longer
than 21 Years, without the consent of Six Aldermen, present at One of the
General Common Days ; under a Penalty upon the Mayor.

That the Sitting Members' Counsel inferred from these Constitutions in
1686, that no certain Number of Aldermen were necessary before that time.
As to Notice of the Two Courts held in October and November last, they
called,

Richard Ewin, John Wish, and William Gunbay, Serjeants at Mace :
Who said, They summoned the Common Days of 14th October and 10th No-
vember last, by Order of the Mayor: That the same Notice was given of
those Courts as had been of all Courts in their Time, which was about
Seven Years ; and that they never knew Notice Given but on the same
Day the Courts were held ; or any Court objected to for want of a legal
Summons.

John Ward all said, He had been of the Common-Council 27 Years, of
the Corporation 40 Years, and had known the Town 79 Years : That, in all
his time, the Common Days were summoned on the same Day they were
held ; he never knew any other Summons ; or ever heard any body object
to a Court so summoned for want of due Notice : And said, He did not
know he had in his Life missed 10 times attending the Courts.

That, to prove a wilful Absence of the Aldermen who were not at
these Covirts, the Sitting Members Counsel called,

Francis Peircy: Who said. He was Deputy-Mayor in October last; and
that, Two Days before the Common Day Court was held, Mr. Pyke bid him
take care what he did at that Court; for none of them would attend; and
that the Witness should answer for it above.

Thomas Wilkes said, The Night before the Common Day was held in
October last. Alderman Newland told him. He supposed there would be a
Common Day held the next Day ; and said, That Seven Aldermen would go
out of To-\\'n, and not appear there; viz. Mr. Ewen, Rumbold, Frowhock,
Lancaster, Pyke, Fowle, and himself: And, some Days afterwards, he told
the AVitness, He met those Gentlemen at Bourn Bridge.

John Grumbold said, That, after the Court Day in October, Alderman
Newland told him he went out of ToAvn with the rest of the Aldermen : He
said, There was a Design to keep a Court ; but they had tricked them ; and
they went out of To-wn on Purpose to prevent that Court :

That, about Three or Four Years ago Mr. Pyke being then Mayor, granted
a Warrant to the Witness, who was Churchwarden, for levying a Church-
rate, which had been refused to be paid ; and afterwards on a Tryal before
the Lord Chief Baron Ward, touching the Validity of that Warrant, Mr. Pyke
denied his Hand to it although his Hand was proved by the Witness, who
saw him vncite the Warrant, and sign it, and by several other Witnesses,
upon Oath; for which the Judge reprimanded Pyke; and told him, He would
have made an Example of him, if he had not been in that Place where he
had been Mayor.

That it appeared by the Town Book, That of the 36 admitted 11th of Oc-
tober and 10th of November last, 19 had a Right to Freedom, Nine purchased,
and the rest were admitted gratis.

Thomas Rowland said. That his Son Thomas, who was objected to by
the Petitioner's Counsel as a Minor, is 22 years of Age ; and was Three
Years old when he was christened.

J 3(5 GEORGE THE FIRST. [171-5

That, on the Head of Bribery, to affect Mr. Shcphearcl, and 12 of his

Voters; the Sitting Members Counsel called,

John Flanders : Who said, He voted for Mr. Shepheard: That John Witham

gave him Ten Shillings at one time, and Twenty Shillings at another, to take

up his Freedom; and that he had 26 Shillings more of Mr. Shepheard; and that,

if no Money had been given him, he should not have changed his "Word :

Being cross-examined, he said. That, after he had promised Mr. Shepheard,
Mr. Franks, Mr. Sclater's Agent, threatened to arrest him for a Debt ; and
offered him a Bill for 40 Shillings to alter his Mind.

Lazarus Munxs said Mr. Shepheard sent for him, and gave him 20 Shil-
lings to take up his Freedom ; and told him. He should vote, and he would
justify his Title; but the Witness did not vote, because they would not ad-
mit him to Freedom, though he had a Right:

That, the Day after the Election, Robert Parker showed him Three Gui-
neas, which, he said, he had for voting for Mr. Shepheard :

That James Munns told him, Mr. Shepheard gave him 40 shillings after he
had voted.

Rebecca Spilman said. That Morley's Wife declared, Mr. Bromley gave
her a Ten Pound Bill, for her Husband to vote for Mr. Shepheard; and that
she had received the Money: And that Robert Sibthorpe and Thomas Go-
tobed said Mr. Shepheard gave them 30 Shillings apiece for their Votes.

Hattox Buck said, Robert Parker told him. He had 20 Shillings of John
Sewster, by Order of Mr. Shepheard, to take up his Freedom, and Ten Shil-
lings for his Charges ; and that, after he had voted, Mr. Pyke gave him
Three Guineas by Order of Mr. Shepheard:

That Joseph Cook told him. He had a Guinea when he was made free,
Two Guineas afterwards for his Charges ; and that, when he came to vote,
Mr. Shepheard gave him two Guineas more, and paid a Reckoning of 16
Shillings.

Richard Linsey said, That one Tabor, a Friend of Mr. Shepheard, offered
him Four Guineas ; and said, He would give him Isine Pounds to vote for
Mr, Shepheard: He voted for the Sitting Members.

John Wish said. He solicited his Brother-in-law, Charles Stone, to A'ote
for the sitting Members; but he answered, That Mr. Shepheard had engaged
him, and given him Two Guineas to take up his Freedom, and Two more
for his Vote.

And that upon the whole Matter, the Committee came to these Resolutions;
viz.

Resolved, That it is the Opinion of this Committee, That the Mayor,
Bailiffs, and Burgesses, of the Town of Cambridge, may hold a Summoned
Common Day Court, and admit Freemen, without Six Aldermen of the said
Town being then present.

Resolved, That it is the Opinion of this Committee, That Sir John Hynde
Cotton Baronet is duly elected a Burgess to serve in this present Parliament
for the Town of Cambridge.

Resolved, That it is the Opinion of this Committee, That Thomas Sclater
Esquire is duly elected a Burgess to serve in this present Parliament for the
Town of Cambridge.

The First Resolution being read a Second time ;

And a Motion being made, and the Question being put, That the House
do agree with the Committee in the said Resolution, That the Mayor, Bailiffs,

1715] GEORGE THE FIRST. 137

and Burgesses, of the Town of Cambridge, may hold a Summoned Day
Court, and admit Freemen, without Six Aldermen of the said Town being
then present ;

The House divided.

The Noes go forth.

Tellers for the Yeas, {^J- f"^"^^' ] 126.

( Mr. Lawson : j

„ , ,. ( Sir Cha. Turner, ) , ^^

Tellers for the Noes, I ^j^ 3^^^,^^^ } >29.

So it passed in the Negative.

The Second Resolution being read a Second time ;

Resolved, Nemine contradicente, That this House doth agree with the
Committee in the oaid Resolution, That Sir John Hynde Cotton Baronet is
duly elected a Burgess to serve in this present Parliament for the Town of
Cambridge.

The third Resolution being read a Second time ;

And the Question being put. That Thomas Sclater Esquire is duly elected
a Burgess to serve in this present Parliament for the said Town of Cambridge;

The House divided.

The Noes go forth.

Tellers for the Yeas, { ^J' ^""^^l' ] 121.

Mr. Bond : i

_ , ^. , Lord Wm. Powlet, ) ,„„

Tellers for the Noes, { ^^ „.„ , ' \ 133.

Mr. Hillcrsden : J

98.

So it passed in the Negative.

Then a Motion being made, and the Question being put, That Samuel Shep-
heard junior. Esquire is duly elected a Burgess to serve in this present Par-
liament for the Town of Cambridge;

The House divided.

The Yeas go forth.

r^ ■., « , ,x ( Sir Arthur Owen, ) , „^
Tellers for the Yeas, Kt r.i. i i > 126.

' (Mr. Cholmley: j

( Mr. Windsor, )

Tellers for the Noes, I ^^^^^y^^^^ )

So it was resolved in the Affirmative.

Ordered, That the Clerk of the Crovm do attend this House on Monday
Morning next, to amend the Return for the Town of Cambridge, by rasing
out the Name of Thomas Sclater Esquire, and inserting the Name of Samuel
Shepheard junior Esquire, instead thereof.

LuNiE, 30o. DIE Maii; Anno lo. Georoii Regis, 1715.

The Clerk of the Crown attended, and, according to Order, amended the
Return for the Town of Cambridge. (1)

On the night of the King's birth-day,(2) and again on that of the
Pretender,(3) disturbances took place through some young men who
had imbibed Jacobite principles or thoughtlessly availed themselves
of those occasions for juvenile licence: some windows were broken,

(1) Commons' Journals, xviii. 23, 4G, 07, TjS, 142—147.

(2) 28th of May.

(3) 10th of June.

VOL. IV S

J33 GEORGE THE FIRST [1715

and some cries were beard of "No Hanover." The excesses being
few and trivial, were censured by Dr. Sherlock the Vicechancellor
as ordinary breaches of discipline, without reference to their politi-
cal tendency. Hence he was charged, though perhaps with little
reason, with connivance.(i)

The following address, occasioned by the preparations for an in-
vasion by the Pretender, was presented to the King at St. James's,
on the 16th of August, by the Duke of Somerset Chancellor of the
University, attended by the Vicechancellor, several Masters of Col-
leges, and other members of the University :—

The humble Address of the Chancellor, Masters & Scholars of the
University of Cambridge.

Most Gracious Sovereign,

We presume to appear in your Royal presence to testify our Zeal & Affection
to your person & Government, called to it by the just concern we are under
from the danger Avhich threatens your Majesty & your people, a danger in which
not only the present Age, but even the latest posterity is deeply concerned ;
for the Liberty & establish'd religion of Britain, as they have in your Majesty
& your family the best, so have they also, in all human views, the last support.

In these Circumstances we shou'd forget not only our Oaths & obligations,
but even our selves & those who are dearest to us, shou'd we not be forward
to pay all due Allegiance to your Majesty; and those must break through
all the ties of natural affection, who can now be guilty of the Crime of Trea-
son. While we enjoyed the blessing of our late excellent Princess (whose me-
mory -will be ever dear & sacred to us) your title to this Crown was always
our second care, as your peaceable enjoyment of it is now become our first :
& we chearfuUy embrace this Opportunity to declare to your Majesty what we
have constantly profest, that we do acknowledge your Majesty for the only
lawful & rightful King of these Realms, & that we will by all means suit-
able to our station maintain & support the title & Interest of your Majesty,
& your family against all opposers whatever.

As your Majesty has been so gracious as to promise that the constitution
in Church & State shall be the rule of your Government, an assurance which
has made a lasting impression on our minds; so we heartily wish that all
your Subjects, led to a sense of their duty by your Royal example, may make
the same Constitution the rule of their obedience. Such consent is the natu-
ral strength of Kingdoms, & wou'd defeat the attempts & hopes of all our
Enemies : And for oiu'selves (whatever representations have been made to our
prejudice) we do assure your Majesty that we have & will so instruct the
youth committed to our care, that in their dutiful behaviour towards your
Majesty they may shew forth an example of those Principles of Loyalty &
obedience, which this University, pursuing the Doctrines of our Church, has
ever steadily maintained.

The King returned this " most Gracious answer."
I thank you for this Dutiful & Loyal Addi-ess. The University may always
depend upon my favour and encouragement.(2)

(1) Monk, Life of Bentley, i. 376; Van Miklert, Life of Waterland 17.

(2) London Gazette 16 to 20 Aug. 1715.

1715] GEORGE THE FIRST. J 39

By an act which received the royal assent on the 20th of August,
all Heads or Governors of what denomination soever, and all other
members of Colleges and Halls in any University that were or
should be of the foundation or did or should enjoy any exhibition,
being of the age of 18 years, were required to take and subscribe
in the Courts at Westminster or at the Quarter Sessions of the
county &-C. wherein they resided, the oaths of allegiance, supremacy,
and abjuration, which oaths were to be taken by certain days in
the act specified, or in the case of persons admitted or entering upon
their offices or places after the 10th of August, 1715, within three
months after they were admitted or entered upon the same, or be-
.came of the age of 18 years. For neglect or refusal to do this,
;they were adjudged ipso facto incapable and disabled to hold their
oflfices, and if they presumed to execute the same after such neglect
or refusal, they were subjected to penalties and disabilities. This
.^ct also contains the following clauses : —

And be it further exacted by the Authority aforesaid, That if any
Head or Member of any College or Hall within either of the Universities of
Oxford or Cambridge, that are or shall be of the Foundation, or that do or
shall enjoy any Exhibition, being of (or as soon as he shall attain) the Age
X)f eighteen Years, shall neglect or refuse to take and subscribe the several
Oaths in this Act mentioned, according to the true latent and Meaning of
this Act, or to produce a Certificate thereof, under the Hand of some pro-
per Officer of the respective Court, and cause the same to be entered in the
Register of such College or Hail within one Month after his having taken
and subscribed the said Oaths ; and if the Persons in whom the Right of
Election of such Head or Member shall be, <io neglect or refuse to elect
some other fitting or proper Person, in the Place or Stead of such Head or
Member so neglecting and refusing to take aaid subscribe the said Oaths, as
aforesaid, by the Space of twelve Months after such Neglect or Refusal, That
then, and from thenceforth, it shall and nmy be lawful unto and for the
King's most Excellent Majesty, his Heirs and Successors, under the Great
Seal or Sign Manual, to nominate and appoint some fitting Person, qualified
according to the local Statutes of such College or Hall, to succeed to the
Place of such Person who shall neglect or refuse to take and subscribe the
said Oaths ; and that every Person so to be nominated and appointed, shall
have and enjoy such Place, to which he shall be nominated and appointed,
as aforesaid, to all Intents and Purposes whatsoever, and all Benefits, Privi-
leges and Advantages to the same belonging or appertaining, as if such Per-
son had been elected and chosen by the proper Electors of such College or
Hall.

And be it further enacted by the Authority aforesaid, That if the
Head of any College or Hall in either of the Universities, or other Person
or Persons lawfully authorized to admit, shall refuse or neglect to admit such
Persons so nominated and appointed under the great Seal or Sign Manual,
as aforesaid, by the Space of ten Days after such Admission shall be de-
manded of him or them, who ought to make such Admission, to such Place
as he shall be nominated to, as aforesaid, That then and in such Case the

140 GEORGE THE FIRST. [1715

local Visitor or Visitors of such College or Hall is hereby authorized and
required to admit and Place such Person so nominated and appointed, to such
Place as he shall be nominated to, as aforesaid, within the Space of one
Month after the same shall be demanded of such Visitor ; and in case such
Visitor shall neglect or refuse to admit, as aforesaid, during the Space of one
Month after the same is lawfully demanded of such Visitor, That then it shall
and may be lawful to and for the Court of King's Bench at Westminster, to
issue out a Writ of Mandamus to be directed to such Visitor or Visitors, to
admit such Person to such Place, and to proceed upon the said Writ, ac-
cording to the Course of the said Court in such Cases.(l)

The library of Dr. John Moore late Bishop of Ely was, at the
suggestion of Charles Viscount Townsliend,(2) purchased by the King
for £6000(3) and presented to the University. This collection (4^
valuable for its extent, being above 30,000 volumes, (•'>) and for the
rarity of its treasures both printed and manuscript is considered the
greatest benefaction Cambridge has yet received. (6)

On the 29th of September, the following address was presented
to the King at St. James's by Dr. Sherlock Vicechancelior, accom-
panied by several Masters of Colleges, and many other members of
the University, who were introduced by Viscount Townshend : —

To THE King's most Excellent Majesty,
The humble Address of thanks from the Chancellor, Masters &

Scholars of the University of Cambridge.
Most Gracious Sovereign,
We beg leave to approach your Majesty with our most humble thanks, for
the Gracious mark of Royal favour which your Majesty has bestowed on your
Antient University of Cambridge.

There never was an occasion when we were either more desirous to ex-
press our Sentiments of Gratitude, or less able to do it to our own satisfac-
tion. The Genius of Learning which has for many Ages so happily presided
in this place, cannot furnish us with language to utter what we feel. There
is nothing to which even the wishes of your University extend that is not
fully contained in the happiness she now enjoys of calling your Majesty her
King & her Patron : One is the common blessing of every Briton, the other
the peculiar privilege of the sons of Learning.

The noble collection of Books & Manuscripts gathered in many years by the
great industry & accurate Judgment of the late Bishop of Ely, tho' in itself
exceeding valuable, is upon no account so welcome to your University, as that
it is a Testimony of your Royal favour : The Memory of which will be con-

(1) Stat. 1 Geo. I. stat. 2, c. 13, ss. 1, 2, 7, 8, 12, 13.

(2) A fine portrait of Lord Townshend is placed in the Public Library. The University
having- decreed that a statue of George I. should be placed in the Senate House, Lord
Townshend undertook to defray the expense. Ke died however before the statue was
finished, but his intentions were carried into effect by his son Charles Viscount Townshend.

(3) Mr. Bentham (Hist. & Antiq, of Ely, 208) says 6000 guineas.

(4) Such was the ardour of the Bishop in forming this collection that it is said to have
sometimes carried him a step beyond the sin of covetousness. See Nichols's Literary
Anecdotes, ix. 612.

(5) Printed books 28,965 (viz in folio 6,725, in quarto 8,300, iu octavo 14,040) MSS. 1,790,
total 30,755.

(6) Monk, Life of Bent'o;- , i. 377,

1715] GEORGE THE FIRST. 141

stantly preserved by this ample benefaction, worthy to bear the title of the
Donor, & to be for ever styled The Royal Library.

Liberty & Learning are so united in their fortunes, that your Majesty's
known character, of being the great protector of the Liberty of Europe, led us
to expect what our experience has now confirmed, that you would soon appear
the Patron and cncouragcr of Learning. Such Royal qualities must necessa-
rily produce the proper returns of Duty & aflFection : Your University will en-
deavour, as she is bound to do by the strongest tyes of Interest and Gratitude,
to promote the happiness of your Government. And 'tis with the greatest
Pleasure she observes, that some there are Avhose youth was formed under
her care, of whose abilities & fidelity your Majesty has had the fullest Expe-
rience.

Your Royal Progenitors, the Kings & Queens of England, moved by their
regard to Vertue & Learning, have conferr'd many large privileges & Dona-
tions on this place; those who shine with the greatest lustre in Story, appear
the foremost in the list of our Patrons & Benefactors : And as your Majesty's
great name will be an Ornament to the Annals of Britain so shall it stand
thro' ages to come a perpetual Honour to the records of this University.

It shall be our incessant Prayer to God for your Majesty, that he would
long preserve you to reign over us in peace & tranquillity, that he would
extend your Empire over the hearts of your Subjects, a Dominion for which
he then designed you, when he adorned you with so much goodness and
Clemency.

The King's answer was in these terms : —

It is a great Satisfaction to me that this first mark of my favour has been
so welcome & agreeable to you. The dutiful & grateful manner in which you
have expressed your Thanks upon this occasion, will oblige me to take all
opportunities of giving farther proofs of my Affection to my University of Cam-
bridge, being very sensible how much the encouragement of Learning will
always tend to the security and honour of our Constitution both in Church
and State.(l)

It happened that soon afcer the King had presented Bishop Moore's
Library to this University, the Ministry were obliged to send to
Oxford a squadron of horse under Major General Pepper to seize
Colonel Owen and other Jacobite officers who had been turned out
of the army, and who were harboured there, whereupon an Oxo-
nian wit(2) wrote this epigram: —

The king observing, with judicious eyes,

The state of both his universities.

To one he sends a regiment ; For why ?

That learned body wanted loxjalty.

To th' other books he gave, as well discerning

How much that loxjal body wanted learning.

This occasioned the subjoined retort,(3) which though highly com-

(1) London Gazette 27 Sept. to 1 Oct. 1715.

(2) Dr. Trapp or Mr. Warton his successor in the Professorship of Poetry.

(3) By Sir William Browne, founder of tlie prizes for odes and epigrams.

l^ GEORGE THE FIRST. [1715

mended by Dr. Johnson,(i) has been considered inferior in wit and
satire to the original :(2) —

The king to Oxford sent his troop of horse:

For tories own no argument but force.

With equal care, to Cambridge books he sent ;

For whigs allow no force but argument. {^)

In September, Edward Russell Earl of Orford was constituted Lord
Lieutenant of the County of Cambridge.

On the 29th of November, a grace passed the Senate to assist the
Doctors of Physic graduates of the Universities in resisting the
College of Physicians "who claimed a power to prevent the medical
graduates of the Universities from practising in or within seven
miles of London. A similar grant was made by the University of
Oxford.(4)

Seven Common Days were held between the Uth of October and
the 13th of December, but no business could be done for want of
a sufficient number of Aldermen, "One half of them voluntarily
absenting themselves from the same."!-'^)

1716.

On the 24th of April (when the Septennial Act was read a second
time), was presented to the House of Commons a petition from the
Mayor, Aldermen, Common Council and Freemen of the Corpora-
tion of Cambridge, praying that the laws for triennial parliaments
might be continued, *' that the Petitioners may have frequent Op-
*' portunities of shewing their Duty and Affection to his Majesty
" King George, and the happy Establishment in Church and State,
" by their constant Electing of Members so inclined."(6)

On the 3rd of May, Mr. Waterland the Vicechancellor published
a notice that the statutes of the University would be enforced
against scholars under the degree of M.A. who dined or supped in
taverns and public houses.C'")

On the 29th of May, " There was a great disturbance at Cam-
" bridge, and the scholars of Clare Hall were miserably insulted for
" their loyalty to the Government, together with those of Trinity

(1) Boswell's Life of Johnson, by Croker, 12mo. cd. ix. 10.

(2) Monk, Life of Bentley, i. 378.

(3) Noble, Biog. Hist, of England, ii. 91,

(4) Van Mildert, Life of Waterland, 16.

(5) Corporation Common Day Book.

(6) Commons' Journals, xviii. 429.

(7) MS. Baker, xxv.

1716] GEORGE THE FIRST. 143

" College. Mr. Hussey's(') meeting-house was pillaged and plun-
" dered and almost demolished. "(2)

A letter from Archbishop Wake to his suffragans, dated the 5th
of June, contains the following recommendation : —

That in all testimonials sent from any college or hall in either of the uni-
versities, you expect, that they be signed, as well as sealed ; and that among
the persons signing, the governour of such college or hall, or in his absence,
the next person under such governour, Avith the dean, or reader of divinity,
and the tutor of the person, to whom the testimonial is granted (such tutor
being in the college, and such person being under the degree of master of
arts) do subscribe their names. (3)

On the 11th of July, the following decree was made by the Vice-
chancellor and eight Heads of Colleges : —

"Whereas there hath been of late divers disorders among several scholars
of the university tumultuously meeting together provoking and exasperating
one another by inviduous names opprobrious words hissing and shouting one
against another throwing of stones and other great irregularities contrary to
the statute Be modestia morum and other good orders and decrees to the
disturbance of the peace and the great reproach of the university : for prevention
of such mischiefs for the time to come it is ordered and decreed by Mr.
vice-chancellor and the heads of colleges that if any scholar or scholars hereafter
use any opprobrious words or inviduous names or hiss or point or make any
loud shoutings or outcries tending to incite or raise any mob within the limits
of the university or if they wittingly join in any mob or disorderly meeting so
raised or carry any stick club or any manner of arms about them and be duly
convicted thereof such scholar or scholars so offending being graduates shall for
the first offence be suspended a gradu suscepto for one whole year or being non-
graduates shall be made uncapable for one whole year of their expected degree
when the time cometh; and if they proceed to offend oftener or offend in a
more heinous degree they shall if duly convicted before the vice-chancellor and
major part of the heads then at home be banished the university.(4)

In April, an address from the University congratulating the King
on the suppression of the rebellion, was drawn up by Dr. Bentley
Master of Trinity College, but Richard Tyson M.D. and John King
M.A. fellows of Pembroke Hall, put their veto upon it in the Caput.
At a congregation held on the 16th of October, when Dr. Bentley,
with two of his friends, acted (in the absence of others) as mem-
bers of the Caput, an address was again brought forward and passed
the Senate by 36 against 15 in the Non-Regent House, and 34
against 14 in the Regent House, (■'') This address, which is subjoined,
•was presented to the Prince of Wales at Hampton Court on the
22nd of October, by Mr. Waterland the Vicechancellor, attended by

(1) Vide Vol. Hi. p. 556. n. (2).

(2) Calamy, Historical Account of his own Life, ed. Rutt, ii. 353.

(3) Wilkins, Concilia, iv. 671.

(4) Stat. Acad. Cantab, p. 50G.

(5) Monk, Life of Bentley, i. 417—420.

144 GEORGE THE FIRST. [1716

several Heads of Houses and members of the University, who were

introduced by Viscount Townshend one of the Secretaries of State :—

The humble Address of the Chancellor, Masters & Scholars of the

University of Cambridge.
Most Gracious Sovereign,

As we once had the peculiar honour to attend your Majesty with our thanks
for a most eminent instance of your Royal favour & Beneficence ; so we had
been among the earliest messengers of the common joy and congratulation
for your victory over Rebels, had not our intention been frustrated by an
unforeseen & unexampled impediment, which now being removed, we take
the first opportunity to Shew to your Majesty & the world, that it was not
our want of duty or aff"ection but our misfortune and calamity.

This -vve hope will excuse & justify our impatience, that we wait not for
your Majesty's return to Great Britain ; but hasten to address you, even while
absent. And indeed, we can scarce esteem it absence, while you only cross
your own Seas to visit your o^^^l Hereditary Countries, while we see the in-
fluence of your mind & Counsels pervade & animate all your Dominions at
once ; while you still seem to reside among us, in that lively image of your
person & virtues, as well as of your Sovereign power, his Royal Highness,
your Son.

'Tis with diffidence that we now mention to you a Rebellion so speedily
suppressed, subdued & extinguished, and which your Princely clemency &
Magnanimity seems already to have forgot. But our o^vn concernments, our
late fears & present joys, oblige us to remark, that as no Rebellion, in all
our Annals, appeared in its designs & consequences more terrible & destruc-
tive ; so none ever went off & vanished in shorter time, with less detriment,
& more propitious event; serving only to display your Majesty's superior
wisdom & fortitude, the weakness & rashness of your infatuated enemies, the
firmness of your Ministry, & the faithfulness of your people. For even the
few wicked actors & just sufferers in it, that were not professed Papists, have
done the justice to the Church established, to declare they first deserted her
communion, before they could imbibe the principles of Treason & Rebellion.

In an Age of such distraction, such unaccountable folly, as may seem rather
imputable to the Anger of Heaven, than to the passions & Interests of men,
your University dares not ansAver for every individual. But in the whole, we
crave leave to assure your Majesty of our heartiest endeavours, both by pre-
cept & example, to instill into our youth the warmest sentiments of Loyalty
& Allegiance, of Veneration & Gratitude, to your Royal person & family:
To inculcate to them, that whatever is dear to the Good, or valuable to the
wise, our Religion & Literature, our Possessions & Liberties do principally
subsist (under God) upon the present happy Establishment.

May the same good Providence that has hitherto protected & guarded you,
& has bound up the fate of the whole reformation with the fortune of your
illustrious house, bring your Majesty back to us in peace & safety, with in-
crease ol your health, & new Acquests to your glory ; and (if we may aspire
to so high a wish) accompanied with your beloved Grandson, that third se-
curity & pledge of Great Britain's felicity.

To this address the Prince returned the following answer : —

I . will transmit this Affectionate Address to the King my father ; who, I
am sure, will be very well pleased with this instance of your Duty & Loyalty ;
& it is with great satisfaction I lay hold of this opportunity of assuring you,
that I shall upon all occa?;ions countenance and encourage the University.

17j

1710-17] GEORGE THE FIRST. J4^5

'' After which the Vice Chancellor, & the other Members of the
•' University present, had the Honour to kiss the hand of his Royal
" Highness. They were likewise introduced to the Princess by the
" right Honourable the Lord Viscount Townshend, & were admitted
*• to the honour of kissing her Royal Highness 's hand. After which
•' they waited on the young Princesses, and had likewise the Honour
" to kiss their hands. "(i)

This year, the election of Vicechanccllor took place on the 5th of
November instead of the 4th, which fell on Sunday. This was done
to accommodate such non-resident members of the Senate as had
cures, a contest being expected between Mr. Grigg Master of Clare
Hail, and Dr. Bentley Master of Trinity College, who were nomi-
nated by the Heads : but when the day of election came Dr. Bent-
ley's friends generally declined to vote, two votes were however given
for him and 106 for Mr. Grigg.(2)
171G^ On the 20th of January, twenty-two of the fellows of St. John's
~ j' College w^ere dispossessed of their fellowships for refusing to take
the oaths to the government.(3)

The Court of King's Bench in the case of the College of Physi-
cians against Dr. West, decided that a University degree of Doctor
of Physic, did not entitle a party to practice physic in or within
seven miles of London without a license from the College of Physi-
cians.(4)

The Government contemplated introducing into Parliament a bill for
regulating the two Universities. (5) Soon after the Parliament met, Ed-
mund Miller,(6) Serjeant at Law and Deputy High Steward of the Uni-

(1) London Gazette, 20 to 23 Oct. 1716.

(2) Monk, Life of Bentley, i. 423; Bentley's Correspondence, ii. 526.

(3) Masters, Life of Baker, 34.

(4) Modern Eeports, x. 353 ; Lord Eaymond's Reports, i. 472 ; Vide ante, p. 47.

(f)) Hallam, Constitutional Hist, of Eng-land, 4th edit. ii. 399 ; Coxc, Memoirs of Walpole,
ii. 122 ; Gutch, Collectanea Curiosa, ii. 53 — 75 ; Monk, Life of Bentley, i. 414; Bishop Nicol-
son's Con-espondence, ii. 457.

(6) Serjeant Miller had been one of the fellows of Trinity College, and was the original
instigator and promoter of the proceedings against Dr. Bentley the Master, who, pending
them, deprived him of his fellowship. In 1719, he consented in consideration of a certain
sum to withdraw a petition against Dr. Bentley, and this compromise occasioned so strong
a feeling against the Serjeant, that he never afterwards ventured to show his face in Cam-
hridge, and from that period ceased to go the Norfolk Circuit. In 1722, he was returned
to Parliament for Petersham. In 1726, he was apjjointed a Baron of the Exchequer in Scot-
land. A new writ for Petersham was ordered I7tli January, 1726-7. At the election which
ensued there were 1.58 votes for Joseph Taylor J2sq., and 141 for Serjeant Miller, the latter
however was seated on petition. Serjeant Miller who died 21st May, 1730, seems to have
been an epicure, for in a poem by Dr. Sneyd Davies, (Nichols, Illustrations of Literature, i.
ftW5) are these lines : —

" Thus Serjeant Miller deaf to Mammons call,

" Oft chang'd his Mig, and hurried from the hall;

" And if the lucious tnrbot fiU'd his eye,

" Threw Litllelon and all his tenures by;

" Or while the venison bent his loaded fork,

" Left eloquence and law to Pralt and Ynil.^."

VOL. IV. J

146 GEORGE THE FIRST. [1716-17

versity, set forth a book entitled " An Account of the University of
" Cambridge, and the Colleges there. Being a Plain Relation of many
" of their Oaths Statutes and Charters. By which will appear, The
" Necessity the present Members lie under, of endeavouring to obtain
" such Alterations, as may render 'em practicable, and more suitable
" to the present Times. Together with A Few Natural, and Easie
" Methods, how the Legislature, may for the future fix That, and the
" other great Nursery of Learning, in the true Interest of the Nation
" and Protestant Succession. Most Humbly propos'd to both Houses
" of Parliament."(i) The Heads of Colleges immediately on the appear-
ance of this publication, applied to the Earl of Manchester the High
Steward, to remove the author from the office of Deputy High Steward;
the Earl complied with the request, and the Senate ratified his act in
a grace in which the book is termed, " Libellum quendam famosum,
contra honorem et privilegia Academise scriptum."(2) Proceedings
were also instituted in the Vicechancellor's Court against the Ser-
jeant, with the view of procuring his expulsion from the University,
but these proceedings were ultimately abandoned.(3)

The following address from the University was on the 12th of
March, presented to the King by Mr. Grigg Vicechancellor, accom-
panied by several Heads of Houses, introduced by the Right Hon.
James Stanhope Secretary of State : —

To THE King's most Excellent Majesty.
The humble Address of the University of Cambridge.
Most Gracious Sovereign,

"VVe your Majesty's most dutiful & loyal Subjects, the Chancellor, Masters
& Scholars of your University of Cambridge, beg leave to approach your Ma-
jesty with our most hearty Congratulations for your safe return to your King-
dom of Great Britain : Duty accompanied with the sincerest Gratitude for those
extraordinary instances we have received of your Royal favour & bounty, in-
cites us to appear amongst the foremost of your loyal subjects on this happy
occasion.

Permit us, Great Sir, with the utmost Sincerity to profess, that our Prin-
ciples animate us with a stedfast Loyalty to your sacred Majesty, our only
rightful & Lawful Sovereign ; that they imprint on our Minds the obligation
we are under of adhering firmly to our excellent Constitution in Church &
State, of which your Majesty is the great defender ; that they inspire us with
a hearty concern for the welfare of our Country, the interest of which you
have so gloriously advanced ; and an universal good will towards all our
fellow Subjects, of whom you are the Common Father.

(1) " By Edmond Miller, Serjeant at LaM'. Sincerum est nisi vas, quodcunque infundis,
" acescit." London, 8vo. 1717.

(2) Monk, Life of Bentley, i. 416.

(3) Ibid. ii. 81. " In retaliation, the Serjeant procured an information by the Attorney
" General against the University of Cambridge, upon some point relating to Mr. Worts's will,
" an affair in -which he had himself been employed as Counsel for the University." This will
had been attested by Serjeant Miller and was apparently drawn by him.

1717] GEORGE THE FIRST. 147

We cannot therefore but express our utmost Abhorrence and detestation of
the unnatural & wicked designs of some of your Majesty's Subjects, who haying
failed in their late pernicious attempts to set up a Popish Pretender to your
Majesty's Crown, are still endeavouring to renew the same by the support of
an invasion from Abroad.

We hoped that as your Majesty had subdued the most obstinate by the
force of your Arms, the remainder would have rcndred themselves proper ob-
jects of your mercy; & we think it an instance of the highest ingratitude, as
well as disloyalty in them, to call in a foreign power to disturb the peace &
tranquillity of your reign, after they have had so great experience of the lenity
& indulgence of it: nor can we, without just indignation, reflect upon the
false principles which have been lately advanced by those who have the pre-
sumption to maintain, that all who adhere to our happy establishment in
Church & State, are thereby excluded out of the Christian Church, & deprived
of all the benefits and privileges of our most holy religion.

Our most grateful acknowledgements are for ever due to your sacred Ma-
jesty for the happy influences of your Auspicious Reign, & for their having
been derived & continued to us during your late absence, by the wise & just
Administration of his Royal Highness ; And since the most suitable return of
Duty & Gratitude we can make, is to approve ourselves to be faithful Sub-
jects ; we humbly crave leave to assure your Majesty, that we shall use our
utmost endeavours in the station we are in, to defend your right and title to
the Government of these Realms ; to instil into those who are committed to
our care true principles of Loyalty & obedience, & to make them duly sen-
sible that the preservation of all that is valuable to us & our Posterity, de-
pends, under God, upon the firm establishment of your Majesty's just power
& authority over us, and the transmitting it do■\^'n in a constant succession of
Protestant Princes in your illustrious family, to future Generations.

To this address the King returned " the following most gracious
Answer:" —

I have taken all opportunities of shewing my good intentions to the Uni-
versity.

Your giving me such full & ample assurances of your Duty & loyalty is a
great satisfaction to me. I hope you will be ever mindful of them, & by
acting accordingly in your several stations, enable me to shew the true re-
gard I have for your learned body.(l)

1717.

There was not at this time a post from hence to London so often
as once a day. A letter from David Wilkins to Bishop Nicholson,
dated Bene't College, July 9 this year, commences thus, " If the
" Cantabrigians had the advantage which the Oxonians enjoy to
" write daily by the post to London your Lordship should have had
" an account, &c., &c."(2)

There was " a sad & lamentable fire at Barnwell," this year,
in consequence of which the Corporation made an order on the

(I) London Gazette, 12 to 16 March, 1717.
(-') Bp. Nichobon's Concspyndcnci-, ii. 458.

j^48 GEORGE THE FIRST. [1717

12th of June, excusing John Baron Pell the Bailiff of the Market
Ward, from finding the usual dinner at Midsummer fair, his house,
barns, malting, stables and outhouses having been destroyed. (i)

On the 4th of October, Mr. Grigg the Vicechancellor with the
Heads and other Members of the University went over to New-
market, where the King w^is then staying, in order to invite his
Majesty to honour Cambridge with his presence. The King gave
them a most gracious reception, and promised to visit the Univer-
sity on Sunday, the 6th.(2)

On the 5th of October, the Corporation made the following
orders : —

It is this bay agreed & ordered that £100 shall be borrowed for the re-
ception of King George and other charges that may accrue thereby.

It is this day agreed that Mr. Mayor on the behalfe of this Corporacion
shall present his Majesty King George ^vith fifty broad pieces of Gould of one
pound three shillings & sixpence p. piece in a very rich purse as our homage
duty and loyalty on Christ College peice.(l)

On the 6th of October, the King came over from Newmarket to
Cambridge, the Corporation met his Majesty on Christ's College
Pieces, where their present of fifty broad pieces of gold was given
to him. In the Common Day Book is the following: —

Memorandum, that Mr. Gatward our Recorder made a speech on his bended
Knees on a Pess by his Majestys Coach side, then ye Corporacion conducted
him to ye Regent Walke where the University was ready to receive him, then
we retorned to the Town hall and dranke his Majesty's health &c. at the
Corporacion Charge.(l)

Subjoined is an account of the King's reception by the Univer-
sity : —

About 11 o'clock the King alighted from his carriage at the Regent- walk,
in the middle of which he took his seat in a chair of state in the open air ;
and after a short compliment from the Chancellor, (3) was greeted in a Latin
speech by Dr. AylofFe, the Public orator. His Majesty was then conducted
with a mixture of royal and academical ceremony, to the Regent-house, where
his chair was placed at the upper end of the table Avhich Avas covered with a
cloth of gold. Hereupon the creation of some of the new Doctors, the only
specimen of academical proceedings, which the shortness of time would allow,
took place with full ceremonial. After the grace had passed for the degrees
of all persons named in the Royal mandate, Dr Bentley, as Regius Profes-
sor, presented to the Chancellor three of the number, who were Heads of
Houses, Mr. Grigg, Dr. Davies (previously only Doctor of Laws) and Mr.
Waterland : after their regular admission, the Professor, turning himself to the
King, delivered an appropriate speech, upon what must be allowed to have been
a most interesting occasion. He then created the three Doctors of Divinity.

(1) Corporation Common Day Book.

(2) Monk, Life of Bentley, ii. 3l.

(:>) The Duke of Somerset, ivlio arrivcl in Canibrid;re aliout 10 o'clock the «ame day.

1717] GEORGE THE FIRST. 249

The academical business thus concluded, the august company went in pro-
cession to the magnificent chapel of King's College, the glory of the Univer-
sity; in the nave of Avhich the King was addressed in another speech from
the Provost; his Majesty probably understanding these Latin orations better
than anything else which he heard that day. Here service was performed,
and a sermon preached by Laughton, the tutor of Clare Hall. The proces-
sion then left the chapel for Trinity College, where his Majesty was to lodge,
and where a banquet was prepared for the whole company. A distressing mis-
take now occurred. The Vice-chancellor wishing that his own beautiful college
should have its share of the Royal admiration, chose to conduct the proces-
sion the back way to Trinity, in order that it might pass by Clare Hall. Thus
liis Majesty, after a passing glance at that House, was led to the Queen's-
gate of Trinity: but no intimation having been given of Grigg's design, and
his arrival being of course expected at the King's-gate, the Master and the
whole college were drawn up there for his reception, while all the inhabitants
of the tOAATi. were assembled on the outside : meantime the other entrance had
been closed to prevent the irruption of the populace into the quadrangle.
Thus did the King find the entrance of his Royal college barred against him,
and was compelled to stand five minutes in the lane, which is described to
have been at that time ' a most dirty, filthy place,' before the tidings of his
arrival could reach the Great Gate, and the postern be thrown open for his
reception. At length his Majesty obtained admission, and Dr. Bentley at the
head of the society, meeting him about the middle of the court, bade him
' welcome to a college which he might call his own,' and conducted him to
his lodge. The King next visited Trinity Library, the noble work of Sir
Christopher Wren; but he declined honouring the public banquet with his
presence, preferring to dine at the Master's lodge with a select company of
ten noblemen: Avhile the Duke partook of the dinner prepared in the hall,
with the Royal retinue and the University. In the evening his Majesty at-
tended service at the College Chapel, and then, taking his leave, returned to
Newniarket, and on the next day to Hampton Court.(l)

In a letter, dated the 15th of October, from Dr. David Wilkins to
Bishop Nicholson are the following passages : —

I am but just returned from Cambridge, where I had the good fortune to
be created Doctor of Divinity by Dr. Bentley. The good Bishop of Norwich
had so much kindness for me, as to put me in the King's list of his own
accord, by which I saved a great sum of money : only my exercises I had
composed in vain, and reckon so much time lost. His Majesty has made a
general conquest of the affections of grumbling people Avherever he was ; and
expressed a great deal of satisfaction in being so kindly received by the Uni-
versity. The Duke of Somerset (who is said to glory more in being Chan-
cellor of Cambridge than in his other titles) exerted himself in a fine speech,
which he thus concluded: If our University is not the learnedest Society in
the world, your Majesty's late Present will make us so. The University Ora-
tor made a very ingenious, learned, Latin speech, which, as well as Dr. Bent-
ley's, the King said, he understood every word.

As long as the King staid at Cambridge, one heard nothing (although it
was upon a Sunday) but ringing of bells, Vivat Rex ! King George for ever !
The country people came ten miles and farther to see this solemnity ; and the

(1) iMoiik, Life ofBcntlt-y, ii. 34—36.

150 GEORGE THE FIRST. [1718

King was pleased to shew himself openly ; admitted every body where he
dined, made presents to the poor of all parishes, to the tAvo gaols, to the
ringers of every church, and to the Sizars of Trinity College. "What will the
Sister University say to this?(l)

James Whiskin the Mayor made these charges in his accounts : —

£. s. d.

Presented to King George in a rich purse fifty broad pieces. 58 15 0

Paid for the purse 2 3 0

Paid the King's footmen 2 8 0

Expences upon the Surveyors for the King's Highways upon

the King's coming to Cambridge 0 5 0(2)

Charles Filkins the succeeding Mayor in his accounts charges : —
For sedge to mend the highway when the King came, 2s. (3)
During the King's visit he knighted Mr. Thompson of Trumpiug-
ton.(4)

There was a contest for the Vicechancellorship between Dr.
Samuel Bradford(5) Master of Corpus Christi College, and Dr. Tho-
mas Gooch(G) Master of Cains College. The latter was elected, the
votes being Gooch 95 ; Bradford Sl.C^)

1718.

An indictment had been found at the Assizes against the inha_
bitants of the town for non-repair of the Great Bridge, to which
they pleaded that it ought to be repaired by the owners of the
pontage lands. Certain of these owners were also indicted for the
non-repair, and they pleaded that the Corporation were liable to
maintain the bridge, as they took a toll for passing over it. The
question of liability was referred to Samuel Gatward Esq. Recorder
of the Town, and Mr. Serjeant Reynolds,(8) who on the 22nd of
April, in this year, made an award, that certain persons and
bodies corporate were liable to the repair of this bridge in respect
of their estates in the county .(9)

At the summer assizes for Huntingdonshire, was tried an action
brought by Dr. Bentley the Regius Professor of Divinity, against
Roger Taylor jun., and John Lister collectors of the land tax for

(1) Bp. Xicholson's Correspondence, 11. 464.

(2) Corporation Common Day Book, 3 Feb. 1718-19.

(3) Ibid. 19 Aug. 1720.

(4) Hist. Register for 1717, Chronological Diary, 40.

(5) Afterwards Bishop successively of Carlisle and Rochester.

(6) Afterwards Bishop successively of Bristol, Norwich, and Ely.

(7) Monk, Life of Bentley, il. 42.

(8) Afterwards Chief Baron of the Exchequer,

(9) rontaye Book, 109, 112— 11 J, 127.

1718] GEORGE THE FIRST. 151

the parish of Somersham, who had distrained upon the Doctor for
land tax assessed upon the rectory, which he held in right of his pro-
fessorship, and which he contended was therefore exempt from charge.
The Doctor was unsuccessful.{i)

On the 21st of September, died aged 89, Samuel Newton one
of the aldermen of this town, (2) who served the office of mayor for
the year ending Michaelmas 1672. He practised as a notary and
was registrar of Trinity College. His Diary commencing in 16G0
and ending 12th of June, 1717, contains many curious facts,(3) and
two volumes of his manuscript collections are in the Harleian Li-
brary.(4) By his wilK^) he gave to the Corporation four booths in
Sturbridge fair, and a sermon in his commemoration was for many
years preached at Saint Edward's before the Mayor and Corporation
on the Sunday next preceding the 22nd of September.(6)

Dr. Conyers Middleton commenced an action of debt in the Vice-
chancellor's Court against Richard Bentley D.D. Master of Trinity
College and Regius Professor of Divinity, in order to try the right
of the latter to a fee of four guineas, which he claimed for creating
Dr. Middleton on occasion of the King's visit the preceding year.
It having been suggested by the defendant that as a Doctor and
Master of a College he was not liable to arrest without the consent
of a majority of the Heads of Colleges, the Vicechancellor and Heads,
on the 23rd of September, declared that no such privilege existed.C^)
This being communicated to Dr. Bentley, he called on Dr. Gooch

(1) Bentley's Correspondence, ii. 800—805.

(2) Admitted freeman by purchase 8th Jan. 1660-1, elected Treasurer, 1664, Common
Councilman, 1st. Oct. 1667, Alderman, I7th Aug.1668.

(3) This Diary was purchased by the late John Rowtell, of a Mrs. Newton, of St. Edward's
parish for £2. 12*. Gd. It is now in Downing College Library. Portions of the Diary ap-
pear to have been written some time after the events recorded.

(4) No. 4115 and No. 4116. They were the property of Mr. Baker.

(5) Dated 24th November, 1716.

(6) By an order of the Corporation made 24th August, 1720, £3. 10*. was to be distributed
after this sermon, viz. bs. to the poor of St. Edward's, 3s. to the poor of each of the other
parishes. Is. to the prisoners in the Tolbooth, and the residue to the Preacher, the corpo-
rate officers and for refreshments.

(7) "Whereas in a case now depending between two doctors of this university it has
" been suggested that the vice-chancellor has no authority to summon by decree or other-
" wise a doctor or m.aster of a college or to oblige him to submit to his judgment in any
" cause under the penalty of imprisonment Avithout the consent of a majority of the
" heads:

" We whose names are underwTitten heads of colleges do declare that we know of
" no such px-ivilege belonging to doctors or heads in pleas of right between party and party.
" And as we detest for ourselves any such claim to the obstruction of common justice so to
" cut off all pretence of it in others we do approve and consent to the vice-chancellor's
" summoning any doctor or head of a college being party in such a cause and to compel
" him to submit to his determination even by imprisonment if need require.

" T. Goocii vice-chancellor,
" John Covel, " II. Jenkin,

" Tho. RiciiAaDsoN, " John Balderston,

" C. AsHTON, " Wm. Grigg,

" Edw. Lanv, " Tho. Sherlock."

—Stat. Acad. Cantab, p. 347.

152 GEORGE THE FIRST. [1718

the Vicecliancellor at Caius College Lodge, and expostulated with him
in high terms, saying among other things -which gave offence, •' that
he "would not be judged by him and his friends over a bottle."(i)

On the same day, the Vicechancellor issued a decree for arresting
Dr. Bentley at the suit of Dr. Middleton, and committed it to the
care of Edward Clarke one of the Esquire Bedels, who immediately
proceeded with it to Trinity Lodge. Dr. Bentley questioned the
legality of the decree, said that as he was Regius Professor the
King and not the Vicecliancellor was his judge; and repeated,
•* that he would not be concluded by what the Vicechancellor and
four or five of his friends determined against him over a bottle."
At his request Mr. Clarke gave him the decree, which he promised
to return, but when the next day Mr. Clarke demanded it. Dr.
Bentley refused to give him it at that time, the Vicechancellor
thereupon issued another decree, which Mr. Clarke several times in-
effectually attempted to execute ; and on one occasion he was locked
up in a room in Trinity Lodge for several hours.

On the 1st of October, Dr. Bentley surrendered himself to Mr.
Attwood another of the Esquire bedels, and gave bail for his ap-
pearance at the next Court day, the 3rd of October.

" On the court-day Dr. Bentley sent, as his representative,
*' Denys Lisle, a young civilian, lately made College Auditor and
" Registrar, who had shewn extraordinary activity and zeal in
" promoting all his wishes and interests. He could have no doubt,
" after the intimation of the Vice-chancellor himself, that the re-
*' suit of the action would be against him ; and there is reason
" to believe that he intended to have appealed against the deci-
" sion, on the score of a prejudice in the mind of the judge.
*' But the proceedings of the day were of a very different character
*' from what he anticipated. The Vice-chancellor took his seat, along

(1) " His own statement is, that he Avas treated with incivility by Gooch, who remained
" seated, while he was left standing-, during- the -whole of the visit. This fact, Avhich was
" stated in print and not contradicted, may serve as a curious illusti'ation of the importance
" assumed in those days by oificial rank ; though it does seem amazing that a gentleman,
" described as possessing courtly manners, could have so demeaned himself to one consi-
'• derably his senior in years, and immeasurably his superior in all other paiticulars, except
" the ephemeral office Avith which he happened to be invested.

♦' It may here be mentioned, that Dr. Bentley had given personal offence to many of his
" brethren the Heads, partly by contemptuous expressions, and partly by the nicknames
" which he Avas said to bestow upon them. Tradition reports that at some meeting, where,
" after a question had been long discussed. Dr. Ashton observed, that ' it was not yet quite
" clear to him,' the Master of Trinity briskly demanded, ' are -\ve then to -wait here till your
" mud has subsided V The Vice-chancellor he termed ' the empty goich of Caius ;' while to
*' Sherlock, whom he found to be the real mover and manager of every thing in the Univer-
" sitv, he gave the title of Cardinal Aiberoni: an appellation Avhich appeared so appropriate
" that it adhered to him long alter its origin had been forgotten. This contemptuous treat-
•' ment of his brother Heads'may account for their combining to crush the Master of Trinity ;
*' a fact which might otherwise be extraordinary; as the esprit de corps in that order is
*' gener-illy observed to prevail over party feeling, whenever those t-svo impulses are brought
"' into collision." — Monk, Life of Bentley, ii. 48.

1718] GEORGE THE FIRST. 153

" with six of the Heads as his assessors, Doctors Covel, Ashton,
" Adams, Lany, Jenkin, and Grigg ; -nhen Dr. Middleton, the plain-
" tiff, appeared, and asked permission to name Mr. Cook, as his
" proctor, to conduct his cause ; which was granted and registered :
" but no defendant appeared. Mr. Lisle declared himself commis-
" sioned to act as his proctor; but the Vice-chancellor would not
'* admit him in that character, because the defendant did not m per-
" son solicit it. This point, upon which the statutes are precise,
'■'■ could hardly have been overlooked by Bentley, who probably con-
" sidered it as a mere technical form, not likely to be insisted upon.
" He thought tliat the arrest, having been satisfied by his putting
" in bail, was not to be regarded as a personal citation or summons.
** Proctor Cook then began to address the court, charging the de-
" fendant with contempt; at the same time calling for the beadle's
" return to the first decree. Whereupon the Vice-chancellor, having
" previously sent Mr. Grove the Registrary to take the deposition
" of Clarke, who was himself unable to attend, ordered it to be
" produced and read in court.(i) This evidence gave a full detail of

(1) " The Deposition of Me. Clarke the Beadle.

*' Oh Tuesday the 23d of September, [ -waited on Dr. Bentley, and told him I had orders
" from Mr. Yice-("hancellor to arrest him at the suit of Dr. Middleton. He asked me why
" I came so late, that he had expected me all the afternoon, designing to write by the Post
" to the King about it. I told him I brought it soon after I received it. Well, said he,
" 'tis illegal and unstatutable, and I will not obey it ; let me see your arrest, are there nine
" heads to it ? I told him I could not part with it ; because it was my authority. Well, said
" he, you shall have it again, only let me peruse it. Then he took it, and said. It signified
" nothing, because there was not the consent of nine heads ; and added, that the Vice-Chan-
" cellor used him worse than he would any common Doctor of the town ; that the Vice-
" Chancellor was not his Judge, and that he should find ; the King alone was his Judge, as
" he was his Regius Professor: that the Yice-Chancellor should not think that he Avould be
" concluded by what he and four or five of his friends determined against him over a bottle :
" that they acted foolishly, calling an arrest and a summons to his Court the same thing ;
" and that if he gave bail or went to prison he satisfied the Law. I told him, I thought that
" was only in part, and then ask'd him for my arrest. He said, I might leave it with him,
" but that he would give it me whenever I called for it, or wanted it, and so we parted.

" The next day in the morning I went and demanded it of him. He said, he had further
" occasion for it, and could not part witli it. I told him he broke his word and promise with
" me, and pressed him to restore it. Well, Avell, said he, you shall come to no damage by it ;
" and he added, that he would give it me when Friday was over. I said, he dealt uncivilly by
" me, and would put me upon difficulties ; but he absolutely refused to do it, and so I went
" oft"; and going to the Vice-Chancellor, told him what usage 1 had met with. He told me
" I must get another decree, which I did from Mr. Cooke of Magdalen's, but when I went
" with it to Dr. Bentley's, he would not sec me, and I was refused admittance.

" On Thursday, September the SSth, about two of the Clock, Mr. Simpson and I went
" together to Dr. Bentley's, into the room where they dine ; the company was just gone
" out, and after a little time Mr. Simpson left me. and Avent to the Vice-Chancellor's. Not
*' long after Dr. Ashenhurst, Mr. Lisle, and Mr. Witton, came in to me. Mr. Lisle asked
" me, what authority I had to stay in another man's house against the master's leave. I
" said, I was not to give him an account. He said, he believed, I could not justify it. I then
" ask'd him, why he did not turn me out. Well, said he, if you want your arrest, I
" will give it you, and have orders to tell you, you shall come to no damage so far as a
" hundred pounds go. I said, if Dr. Bentley would give it me, I would thank him, but
" would receive it from no other hand They stayed some time longer with me, and then
" going out, Dr. Ashenhurst said. Well, Mr. Beadle, if you wo'nt go out of the room, I'll
" lock you in, which he did, but soon after returned and ojjcned it. A while after this, the
" master's servant came in and desired I would go away. I told him, I had orders to stay
" longer ; on which he said he was commanded to lock the door, and the doors on both sides
" of the room were locked upon me for two hours at the least; after six of the clock I
" knocked, and the door was opened to me, not long after which Mr. Simpson came and
" called me away.

" Upon Saturday, September the 27th at night, I went again to Dr. Bentley's, Mr. Witton
" came out and asked my Business. I told him, I came to speak with Dr. Bentley from the
VOL. IV. u

154 GEORGE THE FIRST. [1718

" all the occurrences ; and although coloured and exaggerated by a
" person irritated by the joint action of resentment and gout, yet
" the main facts of the case, the detention of the decree, the con-
" finement of the officer, and Bentley's expressions respecting the
" Vice-chancellor, admitted of no dispute. As soon as the deposi-
" tion had been read, Middleton's proctor again addressed the court ;
" but the Vice-chancellor interrupted him, waving his hand, and
" saying that he postponed the cause for the present, and would
" consider Dr. Bentley's contempt of the authority and jurisdiction
" of the University, in calling a regular meeting of the Heads, to
" which he had himself been invited ' the Vice-chancellor and his
" friends over a bottle.' He then consulted his assessors, who all
" agreed both as to the fact of contempt, and the propriety of in-
" fiicting the heaviest punishment in the power of the court — a sus-
" pension of the offender from all his degrees. Immediately the
" Vice-chancellor, uncovering himself, pronounced, in solemn and
"awful terms, the judgment of the court — 'that Richard Bentley
" was suspended ab omni gradu suscepto.'

" This extraordinary act of power, though privately determined
" upon before-hand, struck with amazement the audience in the
" Consistory, who could scarcely believe the reality of the scene,
" when they heard such a punishment pronounced upon a Doctor
" of twenty-two years standing, who possessed the highest prefer-
" ments, as well as the greatest literary reputation of the whole
" University. Dr. Gooch was not able to sustain the dignity which
" such an occasion demanded : while pronouncing the sentence, he
" trembled and turned pale, like a person alarmed at the magnitude
" of his own act. Mr. Lisle, who yielded to no man living in courage
" and assurance, immediately exclaimed against the hardship ofpunish-
" ing any one upon a charge to which he Avas not summoned to
" reply, and on evidence which he could himself in part refute : but

" Yice-Chancellor. He came out again and said the Doctor was biisie, and bad nothing- to
" say to me. I told him, I wanted my decree. He came out the third time and brought it
" in his hand : I said, I would not receive it but from the Doctor himself as he had promised.
" He said, the Doctor knew I came to compleat the Arrest, and would not then be seen by
" me, and that I must not think he would be ai-rested Avheu I please, but that three or four
*• days hence perhaps he would consent to it.

"Edward Clarke."
— Middleton, Account of the Proceedings against Dr. Bentley (Works, 4to. edit.iii. 273.)

" Bentley's object in this strange proceeding was, as he afterwards avowed, to gain time,
" in order either to procure support from the Ministry, or obtain legal directions for his
" conduct. Clarke was all along told that he would consent to be arrested in a few days :
" but this zealous Lictor was not destined to have the glory of hooking the Leviathan, as he
" termed it; for he was himself arrested by a severe fit of the gout. In the meantime the
" Master of Trinity Avas said to make himself merry at his simplicity in parting with the
" arrest. The examination for fellowships being just then in progress, he gave as a theme
" to the candidates the following line :

''AA.A.OV? e^evdpt^', o'lrb 6' ''E/cropos Icrxeo xelpa^."
— Monk, Life of Bcntlev, ii. 50.

1718] GEORGE THE FIRST. 155

*' the Vice-chancellor silenced him in an angry tone, threatening to
" ' suspend him also if he interfered ;' saying that there was no
<' reason to disbelieve the beadle, as he had himself heard similar
'' language from Dr. Bentley : he added, with much warmth, ' Go,
" tell your friend from me, that if he does not come and make his
" submission and acknowledge his fault within three days, I will
" declare his professorship vacant.' Having then ordered the pro-
<* ceedings to be recorded by the Registrary, he dissolved the court.

*' As soon as tidings of this blow were carried to Bentley, he
" resolved to appeal from the sentence of the court to the Delegates ;
" and the next morning sent Lisle to lodge his appeal, drawn up
" and attested in a legal form, with the senior proctor Sympson,
*' whose duty it was to inhibit the Vice-chancellor from all proceed-
*• ings pending the appeal. The proctor went, along with the regis-
" trary, to Dr. Gooch, who was at first startled at this step, which
'' he had not expected ; but he presently maintained that no appeal
" lay against a sentence for contempt of court, and peremptorily
" refused to allow it ; nor did the two officers, both of whom par-
" ticipated in the feelings of the prevailing party, attempt to oppose
*' the decision of the chief magistrate.

" The Master of Trinity next sent Lisle to the Vice-chancellor to
*' enquire the meaning and consequence of the sentence pronounced
'' upon him. Dr. Gooch's reply to these queries seems sufficiently
*' laconic and pithy : ' the meaning was, that Bentley had now no
"degree in the University; the consequence would be, that unless
" Bentley came to the court, acknowledged his fault, owned the
"justice of the sentence, and prayed for its reversal, he would
" declare his professorship vacant :' adding, ' that he would not admit
" of any defence.'

" The Vice-chancellor held two courts on the 7th and 9th of Oc-
" tober, for the sole purpose of giving the suspended Doctor an
" opportunity of making his submission, and having his sentence
" reversed ; but no Bentley appeared. On the latter of those days
" it is ordered by the statutes that the Regius Professor of Divi-
" nity shall preach at St. Mary's a Latin sermon ad clerum; and
" Bentley sent to apprize the Beadle Attwood that he should per-
" form that duty in person. Dr. Gooch being informed of his in-
" tention, despatched the Lictor to caution him that none but
" graduates could ascend the pulpit, and that he would not suff'er
" him to officiate. Being requested to declare in writing that he
" prohibited the performance of a duty prescribed by the statutes,

156 GEORGE THE FIRST. [1718

" he declined ; but he forbade the bell to be rung, or the doors
" of the church to be opened.

" Dr. Gooch and his counsellors were now embarrassed at the
" predicament into which they had thrown themselves. Under the
" impression that they had an extraordinary personage to deal with,
" they had judged that measures of unusual vigour were requisite
" to humble his spirit, and calculated that the fear of losing his
" rank and preferment would certainly and immediately reduce him
" to submission. But when they found themselves mistaken, and
" saw the object of their severity braving all consequences with
" calmness, they felt themselves uneasy, and began to consider
" whether so sudden and vigorous a resort to extreme measures
" admitted of justification. The only ground upon which Bentley's
" punishment could rest \vas the deposition of Beadle Clarke : as
•' for the failure of his personal appearance in court after he had
" given bail, that was a circumstance commonly overlooked in
'' actions of debt, or if noticed at all, was only punishable by the
" forfeiture of the bail. The fact therefore was, that he had been
" convicted and sentenced upon a charge of which he had no notice,
" unsummoned and unheard, without opportunity of disproving, or
" explaining, or apologizing for the alleged contempt. Whatever
" might be the opinion of his conduct in the affair of the fee, it
" was hard to vindicate so plain a deviation from the common
" maxims of law and equity as these proceedings presented. To
" add to the embarrassment, the Vice-chancellor had committed
" himself by a public threat, which he dared not execute, of de-
" daring the professorship vacant. The Heads therefore were
" anxious to change their position, and obtain the countenance and
" support cf superior authority. For this purpose they applied to
" the Duke of Somerset, whom the sports of Newmarket had brought
" into the vicinity of his University. At their instance the Chan-
" cellor came over on a Sunday(i) to Caius Lodge, where he dined
" with the Heads between the two services at St. Mary's. Bentley
" being on his part sufficiently desirous of getting out of his a\vk-
" ward predicament, if that could be done with honour, availed him-
" self of this opportunity to invite the Duke to Trinity Lodge, and
" at the same time to offer submission to his Grace, and his au-
" thority, for the alleged contempt. This proposal the Duke not
" oidy declined but ridiculed in presence of ihe Heads. The i>Ias-
" ter next sent Dr. Baker to propose that Dr. Gooch and himself

(1) Oct. 12.

1718] GEORGE THE FIRST. I57

" might appear face to face before his Grace. The Duke merely
** replied, that ' he did not come to Cambridge to try the Vice-chan-
*' cellor.* Bentley made a third attempt, by offering to wait upon
*' the Chancellor at Clare Hall Lodge, and there to make his uncon-
" ditional submission : his Grace, who entered entirely into the feel-
" ings of the Heads respecting their delinquent brother, answered,
«* that *the injury had been done to the Vice-chancellor, and to him
" the submission must be made.' In the afternoon he held a con-
" sultation with the Heads, and offered to preside at the Court,
" which was to be held on the following daj', for the purpose of
" giving one more chance to the great culprit. Had he done so, it
" is probable that Bentley would have appeared, and the business
" might have terminated. But the academical aristocracy, satisfied
" with the Duke's unqualified approbation of their proceedings, were
" not desirous that his personal interference should be carried any
" further.

" The next morning,(i) the Chancellor having left the University,
" Dr. Gooch sent the Registrar to inform the Master of Trinity that
" a third court was to be held that day, for the purpose of receiv-
" ing his submission ; adding that he should wait for it no longer.
" Bentley enquired, what kind of submission was expected, whether to
" the justice of the accusation, or of the sentence, or both; he was
" told that ' he must come into the Court, acknowledge his fault in
" the contempt offered to its jurisdiction, ask pardon, and beg to be
"restored to his degrees.' To this intimation he returned no reply.

*' The tribunal assembled at the appointed hour, but the suspended
" doctor was not there. At the suggestion of Dean Sherlock, who
" was one of the assessors, Richard Bentley was summoned by name.
" The Vice-chancellor then declared ' that he would deliberate on
" preserving the jurisdiction of the University,' and dissolved the
" court.

" The Heads having certain misgivings as to the legality and pro-
" priety of what had been done, and knowing that the suspension
" might be reversed by another Vice-chancellor, found it expedient
" that the matter should not rest where it then was ; and a meeting
" was held at the lodge of Dr. Richardson, the Master of St. Peter's
" College, who was prevented by ill health from leaving his apart-
" ment. This gentleman having great experience and knowledge of
" academical laws and customs, was much referred to by his brethren
" on occasions of emergency. It was here proposed to pass a sen-

(l) Oct. 1.'^.

]^58 GEORGE THE FIRST. [1718

" tence of expulsion upon the refractory Master ; but more cautious
" counsels prevailed. The Heads determined to engage the whole
" body of the Senate to adopt the proceedings as their own, by
" passing a grace for taking away his degrees. This idea seems to
" have originated with Dr. Richardson. By this shrewd and ingeni-
" ous plan it was designed that the Suspension should merge in the
" Degradation, and the responsibility of the act be shared by the
'* whole body of the University.

" The Vice-chancellor was accordingly desired to prepare a grace
" for taking away Dr. Bentley's degrees ; and a Congregation was
" assembled.^) But when the Caput was called, Dr. Waller, the
" representative of the medical faculty, being out of town. Dr. Ash-
" enhurst stepped in and supplied his place. Hereupon the Vice-
" chancellor, knowing that he would quash the whole measure by
" his veto, kept back the grace which he had ready to produce ; and
" after mentioning some other business, dissolved the Congregation.

"On the following day,(2) the Senate was reassembled; precautions
" having been taken by the party of the Heads to secure the attend-
" ance of a Caput favourable to their views. As the measure itself
" was without precedent, so the mode of proposing it to the body
*•■ was unusual. The Vice-chancellor commenced the proceedings by
" convoking the two Houses, and delivering to them a Latin Speech ;
" opening and enlarging upon the offence committed by Dr. Bentley.
*' He next ordered the deposition of the beadle, Clarke, to be read;
" and then proposed to the Senate the foUoAving grace : —

Cum Reverendus Vir, Richardus Bentley, Collegii Trinitatis Magister, ad
suramos in hac Universitate Titulos et Honores vestro favore dudum pronio-
tus, adeo se immemorem et loci sui et vestrae autoritatis dederit, ut debite
summonitus ad coniparendum et respondendum in causa coram Procancellario
obedientiam recusaverit, Ministrum Universitatis summonentem indignis modis
tractaverit, Procancellarium et Capita Collegiorum opprobriis impetiverit, juris-
dictionem denique Universitatis, longo usu, Regiis Chartis, et autoritate Par-
liamenti stabilitam pro nihilo habendam esse declaverit ; cumque idem Ricliar •
dus Bentley super his causis ab omni Gradu suspensus fuerit, et postea per
tres dies juridicos expectatus comparere tamen neglexerit; Place AT vobis ut
dictus Richardus Bentley ab omni Gradu, Titulo et Jure in hac Universitate
dejiciatui- et excludatur."

" This grace being laid before the Caput, an ingenious attempt was
" made by the Professor's ever active friends to arrest its progress.
" Dr. Otway, one of the members, was suspected to be a Non-juror :
" could he have been removed, Dr. James Johnson of Trinity Hall,
*' a warm partizan of Bentley, would have stepped in and negatived

(1) Oft. 16. (2) Oct. 17.

1718] GEORGE THE FIRST. 159

" the grace. Accordingly Aslienliurst and Bull went up and required
" the Vice-chancellor, as a magistrate, to tender the Oaths to Dr.
" Otway. But he regarding this an impertinent and malicious inter-
" ruption of the business of the University, sent them back to their
" places with anger and menaces."

The Caput (1) having sanctioned the grace of degradation, it was
proposed to the Senate the same afternoon and carried by a large
majority,(2) the votes being in the Non-Regent House 46 placets to
15 non-placets, and in the Regent House 62 placets against 35 non-
placets.(3) The Court of King's Bench afterwards declared the pro-
ceedings against Dr. Bentley illegal and awarded a peremptory man-
damus to restore him to his degrees.('')

On the 30th of October, was read before the King in Council
a petition from Dr. Bentley complaining of his having been sus-
pended from his degrees by the Vicechancellor without hearing or
summons, and obstructed in the discharge of his duties as Regius
Professor of Divinity, and also impugning the conduct of the Vice-
choncellor in refusing to administer the oaths to Dr. Otway, and
of the Senate in passing the grace of degradation, and praying
his Majesty as supreme visitor of the University to hear his case
and grant him relief. The King ordered the Vicechancellor to at-
tend the Privy Council on the 6th of November, when he appeared
accordingly, and in a written answer explained his conduct, and
submitted that he was not personally accountable for an act of the
body corporate of the University. He also replied at length to the
charge of refusing to administer the oaths to Dr. Otway. In the

(1) " There was one individual of that body -\vliom the reader will be svirprised to find en-
" gaged in such a business. This was Jeremiah Markland, one of the most justly celebrated
" scholars of the eighteenth century, who in the opinion of some takes his rank in the class
" after Bentley; upon whose model his critical taste and skill were formed. He was at that
" time a young man, Fellow of Peter-house, and happened to represent the Eegent Masters
" in the Caput. Many a scholar might have envied the opportunity which fortune thus cast
" in his way, of saving by his single voice the great hero of literature from the unseemly
" fate that awaited him. But in the heat and clamour of that day, the voice of learning had
" little chance of being heard." — Monk, Life of Bentley, ii. 59.

(2) *' Great efforts were made by both parties for this struggle. It is important to record
" that, whatever might have been his conduct in his college, of all the Fellows of Trinity
" there were but four (one of whom was Dr. Colbatch) tliat took part against their Master
" on this occasion. His friend Dr. Laughton had interest enough to bring six of his brother
" Fellows from Clare Hall to his assistance. But from the other colleges there were few
" who voted in his favour : in addition to party and personal feelings, the statements just
" laid before them by the Vice-chancellor inflamed their resentment against Bentley.
" Several however declined taking any part in a question which involved so much personal
" acrimony.

" This unexampled measure was thus effected by more than a double majority : among the
" dignitaries of the University, a still greater proportion was found on the side of severity,
" An eye-witness records that a greater display of scarlet robes appeared in the Senate-
" house on this day, than ever had been seen in the memory of man : of thirty Doctors pre-
" sent, no less than twenty-three voted for the degradation of their brother ; and often
" Heads of Colleges, all but one joined in the same cause." — Monk, Life of Bentley, ii. 60.

(3) Monk, Life of Bentley, ii, 44—60.

(4) See under 1722 and 172r.-24.

1(50 GEORGE THE FIRST. [1719

following month, the Privy Council referred the consideration of
the business to a committee of their body, " and a general opi-
" nion prevailed that the result would be a Royal commission to
" visit the University, and inquire into and redress all abuses and
" grievances." This committee however did nothing, and the King
was advised by his Ministers not to interfere in the feuds of the
University. (1)

Dr. Gooch Master of Caius College, was re-elected Vicechancellor
after a contest with Dr. John Davies President of Queen's College,
the votes being Gooch 122; Davies 60.(2)

This year, proceedings were taken in the Vicechancellor's Court
against Philip Brooke, B.D. fellow of Saint John's College and Libra-
rian of the University for disaffection to the King. Pending the
prosecution he resigned his office of Librarian whereupon all further
proceedings against him were stayed. The friends of the govern-
ment charged Dr. Gooch the Vicechancellor with disloyalty on ac-
count of his forbearance and lenity to the accused.(3)

1719.

A curious instance of the perverse preference of one University to
the other is recorded under Easter term this year. One Tremain
an infant, "went to Oxford contrary to the orders of his guardian,
who would have him go to Cambridge," whereupon the Court of
Chancery " sent a messenger to carry him from Oxford to Cam-
" bridge. And upon his returning to Oxford there went another
" tarn to carry him to Cambridge, quam to keep him there. "(4)

On the 7th of June, died John Addenbrooke M.D.,(5) sometime
fellow of Catharine Hall. By his will, dated the 1st of May pre-
ceding, he bequeathed above £4,500. after the death of his wife,
upon trust to hire fit up purchase or erect a building fit for a
small physical hospital in the town of Cambridge, for poor peo-
ple, and he directed that any poor sick person of any parish or

(1 ) Monk, Life of Bentley, ii. 63, 73, 107 ; Middleton, Account of the rroceeding-s against
Dr. Bentley, pai't ii. (Works, 4to. edit. iii. 319, 325.)

(2) Monk, Life of Bentley, ii. 64.

(3) Ibid. 45.

(4) Strange's Heports, i. 168.

(5) Ke graduated B.A. 1701, M.A. 1705, M.D. 1712. In 1714, Dr. Addenbrooke published
a short essay upon Free-thinking, (Ackerman's Hist, of Univ. of Camb. i. 296). In the
Chapel of Catharine Hall, is a flat marble with these arms, a fess wavy between 3 crescents,
imi)aling on a chevron 3 demilions rampant between three roundels, and this inscription —
" M.S. Johannis Addenbrooke M.D. deSwinford Regis in Comitatu Staffordice hujus CoUegii
" olim Socii, obiit 7mo die Junii Anno Dom. 1719, .Et. 39." (Blomefleld, Collectanea Canta-
brigiensia, 130.)

1719] GEORGE THE FIRST. {Ql

county should be admitted if there should be room and the re-
venue would answer. This Hospital was in 17G7 made a general
hospital by act of parliament.

Dr. Gooch Master of Caius College was elected Vicechancellor for
a third vear after a contest in which 94 votes were given for him
and 58 for Dr. Samuel Bradford Bishop of Carlisle and Master of
Corpus Christi College.(i)

At St. James's on the 21st of November, << His Grace the Duke
'• of Somerset, Chancellor of the University of Cambridge, attended
" by Dr. Gooch Vice-Chancellour, and a great number of the heads
" and other Doctors & Members of the University, being received
" by his grace the Duke of Newcastle Lord Chamberlain, with the
" usual ceremonies, had the honour to present the following most
" dutiful and most loyal Address, which passed unanimously in full
"Senate:—

To THE King's most excellent Majesty.
The humble Address of the Chancellour, Masters & Scholars of the

University of Cambridge.
May it please your most Excellent Majesty,

To permit us to express before you the joy and satisfaction we feel upon
your safe and happy return to this Kingdom ; a satisfaction common to us
and all your subjects. But as we can never forget your Majesty's Royal Mu-
nificence to this University, nor think of it without a sense of the particular
Obligation we are under to be zealous in whatever concerns the prosperity of
your Majesty & your family; 'tis ovu- Ambition to appear among the forwardest
upon all the happy Occasions of Congratulation.

Your Majesty's presence gives new life to your faithful Subjects ; and if the
tranquillity we enjoyed, during your absence, could not afford us compleat
satisfaction, even that is to be ascribed to your goodness and Princely Ver-'
tues, which make your Svibjects regret all occasions that call you from them.

AVe never think of your Majesty but under the amiable character of Defen-
der and supporter of our Religion and Civil Liberties ; the more we value these
blessings (and over value them we cannot) the better able we are to judge of
the happiness we enjoy under your auspicious Government; and to teach those
under our immediate care, how much it concerns them, as Protestants and
Englishmen to be zealous for the present establishment, which is the great
security of both.

To our religion & liberties, under the protection of Excellent Princes, we
owe the revival & improvement of learning among us; and as the sense we
have of these inestimable blessings engages us to wish and endeavour the con-
tinuance of them to ourselves 'tis with a particular pleasure we behold your
Majesty, in conjunction with other powers, asserting the cause of liberty, and
supporting the interest of our Protestant brethren abroad, whose deplorable
condition every day convinces us that the Protestant profession must stand
or fall with a Protestant succession.

(1) Monk, Lifr of Bentley, ii, 108.
X

j^2 GEORGE THE FIRST. [1720

We beg leave to add our most affectionate wishes and prayers, that He by
whom kings reign and Princes decree justice, may direct and prosper all your
undertakings for the good of your people ; and give you in the fullest mea-
sure, the blessings of this life, and of that which is to come.

To this address the King gave the following answer: —

I thank you for this Loyal and dutiful Address, and shall always be glad to
find such doctrines and principles taught in the University as tend to preserve
the freedom of our happy constitution, and to the support of the Protestant
Ileligion.(l)

On the 7th of December, was presented to the House of Com-
mons a petition from the Mayor, aldermen, common council, and
burgesses, and of the woollen drapers, mercers, sergemakers, say-
makers, websters, and woolcombers inhabiting in the town, setting
forth that the woollen manufacture carried on in the town and
adjacent parts, in which many thousand poor families used daily
to be employed and thereby maintained, were then so much les-
sened and reduced by the almost universal wear of East India
goods, printed calicoes and linens, that the poor could not be
employed, by reason whereof the poor rates in the town were
generally very much increased, many hundreds of the poor people
being out of employ and reduced to parish allowance.(2)

1720.

On the 11th of June, the royal assent was given to ** An Act
•' to enable any Corporations within the University of Cambridge
" or any other persons to sell and convey any Messuages and
" Ground to the said University for enlarging their Public Library."

About this time died Morris Drake Morris Esq. He was born
in Cambridge, and was son of Robert Drake Esq. Recorder,!^) (by
Sarah (4) daughter and heiress of Thomas Morris Esq., of Mount
Morris, in Kent), Mr. Morris was a fellow commoner of Trinity Col-
lege, and compiled Lives of the most illustrious men educated in
the University of Cambridge, from the foundation thereof unto the
year 1715, collected from Bale, Pits, Fuller, Lloyd, Wood, Calamy,
Walker, &c., in two volumes. The first volume containing 534 pages,
comprises the lives of the archbishops and bishops educated

(1) London Gazette 21 to 24 Nov. 1719.
(3) Commons' Journals, xix. 185.

(3) 23 Sept. 1717, he Avas by the name of Drake Morris alias Moms Drake admitted to
the freedom of the town of Cambridge hy birth.— Corporation Common Day Book.

(4) This lady remarried Dr. Conyers Middleton.

1720] GEORGE THE FIRST. IQ$

at Cambridge, with a complete index of names and a very large
number of engraved portraits, the second volume contains the lives
of learned men in general, and is entitled Athenae Cantabrigien-
ses. This is a very large volume but only 319 pages are filled.
There are a few portraits and it has an index containing the
names of those intended to be mentioned as well as of those whose
lives are given. These manuscripts he gave to Lord Harley, and
they are now in the Harleian Library.(i) Mr. Morris in 1717,
succeeded to the estates of his grandfather, and was lord of the
manor of Coveney where he died.(2)

On the 21st of June, the Commissioners of Pontage assessed
the lands liable to repair the Great Bridge after the rate of
£2. 10s. per hide. The Commissioners at this period were Charles
Duke of Somerset, Wriothesley Duke of Bedford, Edward Earl of
Orford High Steward of the Town, Thomas Gooch D.D. Vicechan-
cellor, William Chambers gent. Mayor, Samuel Gatward Esq. Re-
corder, Sir John Hynde Cotton, Sir Paul Whichcott Baronets; Sir
Charles Wager Knt., Samuel Shepheard jun. Esq., John Balderston,
John Covell, Daniel Waterland, Bardsey Fisher, Robert Jenkins,
Thomas Richardson, Richard Bentley Doctors in Divinity; Sir Na-
thaniel Lloyd Knt. LL.D., William Grigg B.D., Thomas Bacon,
John Bromley, Robert Clerk, James Thompson, Granado Pigott,
Anthony Thompson, Francis Whichcott, Thomas Archer, Gregory
Wale, Roger Sizer, Roger Pepys, William Eversden, Tyrrell Dal-
ton, William Underwood Esquires ; James Johnson LL.D., John Davis
LL.D., Thomas Ewin, William Newling, Thomas Fowle, Joseph
Pyke, John Carriiigton, Matthew Lancaster, John Wilson, James
Whiskin Aldermen; William Herring, Thomas Stanton, William
Preston, Adam Sumpter, John Lancaster, and John Wrangle gen-
tlemen.(3)

The Senate House, or as it was more frequently termed the Regent
House,(^) being now required as an addition to the Public Library,
a subscription was set on foot for erecting a new Senate House
or Theatre. The King contributed £2000. and the Prince of Wales

(1) No. 7176 and No. 7177.

(2) Nichols, Literary Anecdotes of the eighteenth centur>', ii. 694, ix. 784; Hasted, Hist,
of Kent, iii. 317 ; Harris, Hist, of Kent, i. 150 ; Harleian Ca'talogue ; Cambridge Portfolio, i.
153.

(3) Pontage Book, 128, 133, 134, 136.

(4) This building-, situate over the Divinity School, was in legal documents called the New
Chapel. It appears to have been the chapel built by the executors of Sir 'William de Thorpe,
in or before 13y8. Vide Vol. i. p. 143.

154 GEORGE THE FIRST. [1720

£1000. (to whicli he added £2000. after his accession to the
Crown. )(i)

In Michaehnas Term, the Court of King's Bench dischar.^ed a rule
which had been obtained in the preceding term, calling upon the
electors to the Regius Professorship of Divinity to shew cause why
a mandamus should not be issued directing them to elect a Pro-
fessor. By this proceeding it was designed to question the validity
of Dr. Bentley's election to the professorship, which had taken
place on the 2nd of May, 1717, with strict attention to the forms
of the statute though unquestionably the result of intrigue and
collusion. (2)

There was a contest for the office of Vicechancellor between
Thomas Crosse D.D. Master of Catharine Hall, and Andrew Snape
D.D. Provost of King's College. The former was elected, the votes
being Crosse 70 ; Snape 40.(-'^)

At St. James's on the 19th of November, "His Grace the Duke
*• of Somerset Chancellour of the University of Cambridge, attended

(1) The following- is a list of the subscriptions between 1720 and 1/34:—

King George the First 2000 0 0

King George the Second 3U00 0 0

Arthur Earl of Anglesey High Steward of the University 1000 0 0

Charles Duke of Somerset Chancellor of the University, James Duke of

Chandos, Henry Lord Carleton, £500. each 1500 0 0

Sir William Dawes Bart. Archbishop of York 400 0 0

Thomas Holies Duke of Newcastle, Henrv Marquis ofCarnarvon, Charles

Viscount Townshend, Sir Robert Walpole K.G. £300 each ., 1200 0 0

Edward Clarke Esq. one of the Esquire Bedels 120 0 0

Hon. Thomas Willoughby M.P. for the University, Rev. Sir George
Wheler Knt. Prebendary of Durham, Sir Robert Raymond Attorney Gene-
ral (afterwards Chief Justice of the King's Bench), William Stanley D.D.
Dean of St. Asaph, sometime Master of Corpus Christi College, Rev. Dr.
Hill, John RoUe Esq., Charles Clarke M.A. Archdeacon of Norwich, Rev.

Rowland Hill, M.A., Rector of Hodnet, Shropshire, £100. each 800 0 0

Hon. Robert Price Baron of the Exchequer, Sir Isaac Newton, Dr.
/rancis Hare Dean of Worcester (afterwards Bishop of Chicliester), John
Millington D.D., John Gaskarth D.D. Rector of Allhallows Barking,
Henry Raynes LL.D., Archdeacon Waley, Jacob Iloublon Esq., Sir John

Cheshyre Serjeant at Law, £50. each 450 0 0

Rev. William AyloflFe LL.D. fellow of Trinity College £40., Francis
Dickins LL.D. Regius Professor of Civil Law £27. 6s., Sir John Ayloffe
Bart. £25., the Dean and Chapter of Durham £21., Dr. Hutchinson of

Derby £21., Northey, Esq. £21., Dean and Chapter of Ely £20., John

Montagu D.D. Dean of Durham sometime Master of Trinity College £20.,
Waller Miles M.D. £20., Charles Longville Esq. £20., John Lightwine
fellow of Caius College £20., James Bankes Rector of Bury, Lancashire,

£20., William Ashton Rector of Prestwick, Lancashire, £20 295 6 0

John Corbett LL.D., Vincent Bourn M.A. fellow of Trinity College,

Henry Bernard M.B., Rev. Thomas Fitzgerald M.A. £10. 105. each 42 0 0

John Thane D.D. £5. 15s., Dr.Thomas Eden Prebendary of Durham £5. 5s.,
Dr. Thomas Mangey Prebendary of Durham £5. 5s., Rev. Thomas Sharpe
£5. 5s., Rev. Mr. Clarke of Kirkleatham, £5. 55 , Mr. Daston £5. 5s 32 0 0

£10,839 6 0
Sir James Burrough Knt. Master of Caius College towards furnishing
the w^est end of the Senate House gave in 1764 150 0 0

£10,989

(2) Monk, Life of Bentley, ii. 8—15, 109.

(3) Ibid. 140.

1720] GEORGE THE FIRST. 1^5

" by Dr. Crosse Vice-Chancellour, and a great number of the Heads
" and other Doctors and members of the University, being received
" by his Grace the Duke of Newcastle Lord Chamberlain, with the
" usual ceremonies, had the honour to present the following most
*' dutiful and most loyal Address, which passed unanimously in
'* full Senate :—

To THE King's most Excellent Majesty.
The humble Address of the Chancellour, Masters, and Scholars of

the University of Cambridge.
Most Gracious Sovereign,
Amidst the general joy of your Subjects for your Majesty's safe and happy
arrival in your Kingdoms, we beg leave to approach your Royal presence with
the most sincere expressions of our duty & affection.

Loyalty & obedience are justly due from all your subjects, but they are
tied with greater force and energy upon us, who are under the additional ob-
ligations of Gratitude.

It is from your Majesty's wise & happy administration that we in common
with others enjoy our protection & security, the benefit of good Laws, and the
quiet possession of our liberties and properties: but it is to your Majesty's
Royal and unparallelled boimty, that we particularly owe that noble provision
for the advancement both of piety & learning which your Majesty has graci-
ously bestowed upon this ancient nursery of them both, and those late repeated
marks of your Royal favour which claim our present most grateful acknow-
ledgements.

To have been the great assertor of the Liberties of Europe, the chief pro-
tector and defender of the Protestant religion in general, and of the Church
of England in particular, are the known titles & encomiums of our gracious
Sovereign; and that your Majesty has likewise been the great patron of Learn-
ing, \vill add no small lustre to the Annals of your Reign, and continue your
Memory to endless Generations.

Under the sense of these great obhgations we cannot but humbly assure
your Majesty, that we will according to our several stations & Abilities use
our utmost endeavours to lay such foundations of Duty & allegiance in the
minds of the Youth committed to our care, as may not only exert themselves
in occasional instances, but remain firm and lasting principles of Loyalty to
your Majesty & your Royal posterity.

That your Majesty's reign may be long & prosperous; that Almighty God
would preserve your sacred person from all secret Conspirroies, and open vio-
lence; & that the same divine power and goodness would avert from your
Majesty's Dominions those severe judgments wherewith he hath visited our
neighbouring Nations, are the affectionate and hearty prayers of your Majes-
ty's most dutiful & Loyal Subjects.

His Majesty gave the following answer: —

I thank you for this Address so full of expressions of Loyalty & duty, and
the assurances you give me in it, of instilling such principles into the minds
of the youth committed to your care as tend to the promoting of Rehgion, and
the preservation of our happy constitution. (1)

(1) London Gazette, 19 to 22 Nov. 1720.

21 j

IQQ GEORGE THE FIRST. [1721

Oil the 14th of December, there was a contested election of a
member of Parliament for the University, in the room of Thomas
Paske LL.D. deceased.(i) The candidates were the Hon. Thomas
Willoughby (2) M.A. of Jesus College, and the Hon. Henry Finch(3)
M.A. of Christ's College. The votes were Willoughby 176; Finch
143.
1720 ^ Dr. Bentley's proposals for an edition of the New Testament called
(forth remarks from the pen of Dr. Conyers Middleton. This work
was published anonymously, but Dr. Bentley chose to attribute it to
Dr. John Colbatch the Casuistical Professor, and in an answer (also
published anonymously) abused that gentleman in a very violent
and unjustifiable manner. The Heads declared that this answer
was a most virulent and scandalous libel, highly injurious to Dr.
Colbatch, contrary to good manners and a notorious violation of
the statutes and discipline of the University, adding that the author
when discovered should receive such censure as the statutes in
that case appointed. Dr. Colbatch also commenced a prosecution in
the Vicechancellor's Court against Cornelius Crownfield the Univer-
sity printer for having sold the obnoxious pamphlet.(4)

1721.

On the 22nd of April, a grace passed giving the thanks of the
University to Dr. Francis Gastrell Bishop of Chester for vindicating
the exclusive right of the Universities to grant degrees (5) and to
Daniel Finch Earl of Nottingham for his defence of the Christian
faith by 'his answer to Whiston's "Letter on the Eternity of the
Son of God. "(6) Dr. Lany Master of Pembroke Hall and Dr. Water-
land Master of Magdalene College, were appointed in the name of
the University to wait on their lordships, and convey to them the
votes of the Senate.

On the 29th of April the Corporation seal was affixed to the

(1) New writ ordered 8 Dec. 1720.

(2) Second son of Thomas Lord Middleton.

(3) Son of Daniel Earl of Nottingham.

(4) Monk, Life of Bentley, ii. 139; Bp. Nicolson's Correspondence, ii. 537. See the
next page.

(5) Samuel Peploe (who afterwards succeeded Dr. Gastrell in the see of Chester), was ap-
pointed Warden of Manchester. By the statutes of that Collegiate Churrh the Warden is
required to be B.D. Mr. Peploe (who had taken his M.A. degree at Oxford) obtained the
degree of B.D. from the Archbiishop of Canterbni-y, with the express object of qualifying
himself for the Wardenship, but Bishop Gastrell d'enying that the degree conferred by the
Archbishop was a sufficient qualification refused to admit him. Mr. Peploe brought o juare
impedit in the Court of the County Palatine of Lancaster, and obtained judgment against
the bishop, who brought a writ of error in the Court of King's Bench, but that court afiirmed
the judgment against him.— Nichols, Literary Anecdotes of the eighteenth century, i.
139,204; Modern Reports, viii. 364.

(6) Monk, Life of Bentley, ii- Ul ; Historical Register for 1721, Chronological Diary, 20.

1721-22] GEORGE THE FIRST. Ig^

following petition to the House of Commons which was presented

on the 2nd of May : —

To the Right Honorable the Commons of Great Britain in Parliament

assembled.
The humble Petition of the Mayor, Recorder, Aldermen, and the
rest of the free Burgesses of the ancient Corporation of the Town
of Cambridge.
Sheweth,
That your petitioners being deeply sensible of the deplorable condition this
nation at present is in by the villainous management of the late South Sea Direc-
tors, their aiders and abettors, which has almost entirely destroyed the trade and
consequently the publick credit of this Kingdom, beg leave to return our hearty
thanks to this honourable House for their earnest application and endeavours
to restore this our flourishing country to its former credit both at home and
abroad. That we may again see our trade revive, our now starving manufac-
turers imployed, and that no foreign power shall presume to refuse giving up
a subject of England to the justice of Parliament, we beg leave to represent
to this honourable House the heavy taxes we labour under occasioned by the
great debts of the nation. "We therefore hope no measures will be taken to
encrease them, but on the contrary that all public money be strictly applied
to the uses for which it was given by Parliament.

Your Petitioners therefore humbly pray this honourable House vigo-
rously to continue their endeavours to bring the guilty (be they never so
great) to condign punishment and disappoint the secret contrivances and
open attempts of those who would render this laudable inquiry fruitless.(l)

On the 14th of September, a grace passed the Senate by 112
against 49, constituting Conyers Middleton D.D. Principal Librarian
of the University. To this newly created office the annual stipend
of £50 was shortly afterwards assigned.(2)
1721 ^ Dr. Colbatch commenced proceedings in the Vicechancellor's Court
~~ I against Dr. Bentley for a libel contained in an answer to remarks
on his proposal for an edition of the New Testament,!^) and the
Vicechancellor issued a citation for Dr. Bentley to appear and give
evidence respecting his knowledge of the libel. After postponing
compliance with this citation by an ingenious device, Dr. Bentley
moved the Court of King's Bench for a prohibition, alleging that
the offence had been pardoned by the Act of Grace, and that the
citation was illegal inasmuch as it was designed to examine him
upon interrogatories which might tend to self-crimination. A rule
nisi was granted, but subsequently, under the advice of the Univer-
sity counsel, the proceedings against Dr. Bentley were abandoned.(4)
The tuition fees received by the College tutors being small, and
the cautions then required not being sufficient for answering their

(1) Corporation Coucher ; Commons' Journals, xix. 534.

(2) Stat. Acad. Cantab, pp. 410, 412 ; Monk, Life of Bentley, ii. 154.

(3) Vide ante, p. 166.

(4) Monk, Life of Bentlcv, ii. 175—182.

168 GEORGE THE FIRST. [1722

quarterly bills, forty-two tutors preseuted a petition to the Vice-
chancellor and heads that the quarterly fee for tuition should be
£3. for a felloAV-commoner, £1. 10s. for a pensioner, 155. for a
sizar, and 10s. for a bachelor of arts, and that the caution should
be £25. for a feliow-commoner, £15. for a pensioner, and £10. for
a sizar, which, on the 27th of February, was decreed accordingly, and
various regulations were made with a view to secure the due pay-
ment of debts contracted by scholars.(^)

On the 9th of February, Arthur Annesley Earl of Anglesey was
unanimously elected High Steward of the University in the room of
Charles Duke of Manchester deceased. (2)

On the 1st of March, a grace passed the Senate for affixing the
seal of the University to the following letter to the President and
Fellows of the College of Physicians : — -

Dignissimo prsesidi sociisque illustribus collegii medicorum Londinen-

sium.
Viri gravisimi ornatissimique.

Cum ex Uteris vestris nuper ad nos illatis maximam apud vos institutioni
academicse adhuc haberi rationem abunde constaret tantorum virorum favore
et judicio nos non mediocriter esse devinctos lubentissime profitemiir. Porro
autem cum academicis etiam gradibus ilium honorem a vobis semper tribui
perspeximus ut eos solos qui suffragiis nostris ad doctoratus titulum evehimter
in collegii vestri socios cooptare dignemini id nostri esse officii illico censui-
mus ut vobis vicissim si pro singularibus vestris in nos meritis par quidquam
persolvi non possit illam saltem quam et facile nos possumus quamque vos
ultro expetitis gratiam quam primum rependere sedulo eniteremur. Neque
enim humaniores literas ita dedicimus ut ex alienis incommodis ubi nobis in-
notuerint nostra qusereremus commoda nee ad rem privatam adeo sumus attenti
ut ob utilitatem publicam de nostra decedere recusaremus.

Quocirca viri dignissimi ut voluntati vestras rite obsequeremur in frequent!
senatu alacres convenimus consensuque decrevimus unanimi ut nemo in pos-
terum nisi quem legitimus apud nos et annorum et studiorum decursus com-
mendaverit ad quempiam in medicina gradum admitteretur : quod ut reipublicse
vestrae felix faustumque sit obnixe comprecamur,

Dat. 8 frequenti senatu anno Domini 1721.(3)

1722.
On the 29th of March, there was a contest for the representation
of the county, the candidates being Sir John Hynde Cotton of Mad-
ingley Bart., Edward Lord Harley of Wimpole, Sir Francis Which-
cott Bart, of Stow cum Quy, and Sir Robert Clarke Bart, of Snail-
well. The numbers polled were Cotton 1518; Harley 1449; Whichcott
945 ; Clarke 918. Sir J. H. Cotton, who on the 22ud had been elected

(1) Stat. Acad. Cantab, pp. 507, 509.

(2) Historical Register for 1722, Chronological Diary, 13,

(3) Stat. Acad. Cantab, p. 413.

1722] GEORGE THE FIRST. 1^9

for the town, subsequently made his election to serve for the county .(l)
Sir F. Whichcott and Sir R. Clarke had represented the county in
the preceding parliament. 2440 freeholders polled at this election.(2)

On the 23rd of May, Dr. Bentley Master of Trinity College, whose
degradation from his degrees in 1718 has been already noticed,(3)
applied to the Court of King's Bench for a rule calling upon the
University to show cause why a mandamus should not issue for his
restoration to all his degrees. This rule having been granted, Ser-
jeant Reynolds shewed cause on the part of the University. The
Court, on the 31st of May, enlarged the rule till the following term.
On the 15th of November, Sir Philip Yorke the Solicitor-General (^)
submitted that the charters of the University exempted it from the
jurisdiction of the Court of King's Bench. The Court however di-
rected the Writ to issue with the view of deciding the question of
jurisdiction on the return i^)

On the 22nd of June, Dr. Crosse the Vicechancellor laid the foun-
dation of the Senate House in four stones, the first in honour of the
King, the second of the Prince of Wales, the third of the Chancellor,
and the fourth of the benefactors.(6) The architect was James Gibbs(~)
who designed a building in form of a half H ; of which the centre
was to consist of the Royal Library, having six three-quarter Corin-
thian columns supporting a pediment ; the Senate House was to
form the northern wing, and the southern wing, consisting of a
building similar in external appearance to the Senate House, was to
have been used as a Consistory and Registrar's Office.(8) The Senate
House was completed(9) and opened in 1730.

A dispute having arisen between the University and Town re-
specting the land-tax, petitions were presented to the House of

(1) Commons' Journals, xx. 13.

(2) Carter, Hist, of the County of Cambridge, 122.

(3) Vide ante, p. 159.

(4) Afterwards Earl of Hard wick e and Lord Chancellor. " Thoug-h he was not a member
'• of the University, and several eminent banisters were already eng-aged in her service, yet
" it was thought proper at such a crisis to confide the academical interests to one who had
" a paramount character in the i)rofession : from this circumstance began the intimate con-
" nection between the University of Cambridge and that distinguished personage, which
" subsisted to the end of his life, and has been inherited by his posterity."— Monk, Life of
Bentley, ii. 192.

(5) Monk, Life of Bentley, ii. 190—19.3. See under 1723-4.

(6) Carter, Hist, of Univ. of Cambridge, 11.

(7) In Cambridge Portfolio, 111, n. it is stated that the plan was given by James BuiTougli
of Cains College afterwards Master of that Society, and altered by Gibbs, but this appears
very improbable.

(8) Gibbs, Book of Architecture, plate 36. See Cambridge Portfolio, 439—141. In that
work however is a strange mistake, as it is there stated that the Senate House was begun in
1768.

(9) The west end was indeed left unfinished till about 1768, in consequence probably of the
intention of erecting the other parts of Mr. Gibbs's design.

VOL. IV. V

^70 GEORGE THE FIRST. [1722

Commons on the subject. Extracts from th3 Journals of the House

are subjoined : —

Mercurii, 7". DIE NovEMBRis; Anno Qo. Georgii Regis, 1722.
A Petition of the Chancellor, Masters, and Scholars, of the University of
Cambridge, was presented to the House, and read; setting forth, That, by an
Act of Parliament, made in the Fourth Year of the Reign of the late King
WilUam and Queen Mary, for granting an Aid to their Majestys, by a Land
Tax, for the Service of that Year, the Sum of Two Thousand One hundred
Thirty-four Pounds Fifteen Shillings and Four-pence and Seven-eighths was
assessed on the University and Town of Cambridge, the Commissioners ap-
pointed to raise the same did assess the Sum of Two hundred Sixty-six Pounds
and Six Shillings on the University of Cambridge ; and the University did, in
each succeeding Year, till the Year 1718, pay towards the Land Tax in pro-
portion to that Sum, although several of the Members of the University, who
had Money at Interest, being removed from thence, or having placed the same
on Government Security, the Burden of the Tax Avas, before that time, grown
to be very heavy on the remaining Members : But it happened, in the Year
One thousand Seven hundred and Eighteen, that the Commissioners saw it
necessary, on several Appeals to them made, to discharge £6,000 towards raising
the Sum imposed that Year : This caused so great a Deficiency, that it could
not have been raised by an Assessment of less than Thirteen Shillings in the
Pound ; which discouraged the Commissioners from making any Reassessment ;
so that, for several years past, they were in Arrear in the said Tax ; where-
upon Process hath been issued out of the Exchequer, for raising the several
Deficiencies : The Petitioners did, on this Occasion, apply to the Commissioners
for the Town of Cambridge . . , how hard it Avould fall on the University, if
they should be compelled to raise the same Proportion as they had done for-
merly ; but proposed, That the whole Sum assessed, for the future, should be
raised on the University and Tovra together, without Distinction ; or that the
Deficiency arising by the University, should be made good by an Assessment
on the Booths in Sturbridge Fair : which they came into for that Year ; but
the Owners of those Booths refusing to pay it; nor have they been assessed
in any Year since: And praying. That there may be Provision made, in the
Bill now depending for raising the Land Tax, that the Sum proposed to be
laid on the University and To^vn of Cambridge, may be equally raised in them
both, -without any Distinction between the University and Town ; and to give
them Relief in regard to the said Arrears.

And a Motion being made, and the Question being put. That the said Pe-
tition be referred to the Consideration of the Committee of the whole House,
to whom the Bill for granting an Aid to his Majesty, by a Land Tax, to be
raised in Great Britain, for the Service of the Year 1723, is committed ;

The House divided.

The Yeas go forth.

Tellers for the Yeas, (^i^-:^^f^^^-' ] 80.

( Mr. Digby : j

^ „ r . ^^ f Mr. Duckett, ) ^^

Tellers for the ]\oes, { ^^ „ ^ } 99.

( Mr. Hucks : J

So it passed in the Negative.

Ordered, That the said Petition do lie upon tlie Table.(f)

(I) Commons' Journals, xx. M,

17221 GEORGE THE FIRST. 171

Lun.t:, 120. Din Novembris; Axno 9o. Georgii Regis, 1722.

A Petition of the Mayor, Bailiffs, and Burgesses, of the Town of Cam-
bridge, on behalf of themselves, and the rest of the Inhabitants of the said
Town, was presented to the House, and read ; setting forth. That, to prevent
any Deficiencies that might happen to arise in any of the Land Taxes to be
raised in Great Britain, by the several Acts of Parliament . . , have always
laid a certain Sum of Money or Quota, to be raised and paid by the Univer-
sity and ToAvn of Cambridge, in the same manner as it was done in the Fourth
Year of the Reign of King AVilliam and Queen Mary ; which have been ac-
cordingly raised, and paid, ever since, as by distinct and separate Duplicates
from the said University and ToAvn of Cambridge, returned into the Exche-
quer, appears: That the said University of Cambridge did, in proportion to
the Land Tax, charge themselves wuth the said Rate, separate and distinct
from the Town of Cambridge ; which was a voluntary Act of their own, and
so hath continued ever since ; but the Commissioners of the University of
Cambridge have, from the Year 1718, lessened the said Tax yearly ; so, if
not timely prevented, the Petitioners believe, that the Commissioners of the
said University will not raise One Peny of their voluntary Proportion of the
said Land Tax : That the said Land Tax is a very heavy Burthen upon the
Petitioners ; for they pay, every Year, above One-fifth Part more than the
Pound-rate granted by Parliament : That Stirbridge Fair consists only of casual
weekly Profits for One Fortnight in the Year, and cannot be collected quarterly ;
and that it is not taxable ; otherwise they would have taxed the same, in Ease
to the Town ; it belonging to them and not to the University : That the
Court of Exchequer did issue out Process against the Commissioners of the
said University and Town ; with that, the Commissioners of the said Town
did apply to the Barons of the Exchequer, to be relieved against the Process ;
and that the same should be only against the Commissioners of the said Uni-
versity : The Court upon hearing the Complaint, referred the whole Matter
to the King's Deputy Remembrancer, to state the Matters of Fact ; and re-
port the same : And, upon hearing both Sides reported to the Court,

That the said Towai had always returned separate and distinct Duplicates, and
had paid their full Proportions; but that the University had raised short of
their Proportions ; the Petitioners prayed the Court of Exchequer, That the
Supers for those Deficiencies, in the Receivers Accounts, set on the Univer-
sity and Town of Cambridge, might be set on the University only : And pray-
ing Relief against the Petition of the Chancellor, Masters, and Scholars, of
the said University ; and that the Sum now to be imposed upon the said Uni-
versity and Town of Cambridge, may be separately imposed and charged ; and
.... may not be obliged to raise any higher Sums, in Ease of the said Uni-
versity.

Ordered, That the said Petition do lie upon the Table.

The Order of the Day being read, for the House to resolve itself into a
Committee of the whole House, to consider further of the Bill for granting
an Aid to his Majesty, by a Land Tax, to be raised in Great Britain, for the
Service of the Year, 1723 ;

Ordered, That it be an Instruction to the said Committee, That they have
Power to receive a Clause for the effectual raising the Arrears of the Rates
laid on the University and Towti of Cambridge, by former Land Taxes; and
for preventing any Deficiency there, in the Rate to be laid for the present
Aid.(l)

(1) Commons' Journals, xx. 5.3, .36.

122 ^
23/

17^ GEORGE THE FIRST. [1722-23

Lv^jE, 190. DIE NoYEMBRis; Anno Qo. Georgii Regis, 1722.

A Petition of the Churchwardens, Overseers of the Poor, Owners and
Occupiers of Houses, Inhabiting in the Parish of Great Saint Mary's, in the
Town of Cambridge, in the County of Cambridge, was presented to the House,
and read; setting forth, That the Petitioners have, ever since the Year 1692-3,
raised in the said Parish, as a Proportion of the Tax settled upon the Town
of Cambridge, the sum of Four hundred Fifteen Pounds Eleven Shillings and
an Halfpeny; which, notwithstanding the Stocks and Monies of the Parish-
ioners have constantly been assessed toAvards raising the said Sum, the said
Parish have always been near One Fifth Part more than the Pound Rate
charged by Parliament : And that the University have lately bought several
Houses and Tenements in the said Parish, and pulled the same down, in order
to build a Senate House for the said University, which was taxed at the
yearly Rent of One Hundred and Thirty Pounds per Annum, and upwards ;
which said Sum not being provided for by the said University ; and the same
has been forced to be raised in the said Parish by the Petitioners ; which
makes it very burthensome, and heightens the Charge upon them : And pray-
ing. That they may be considered, in relation to the Land Tax, proportion-
ably to the Damage they sustain, by the Pulling down of the said Houses.

Ordered, That the said Petition do lie upon the Table.(l)

122 "j The following petition from the Corporation was presented to the
House of Commons on the 11th of February: —

To the Honourable the Knights, Citizens, and Burgesses of Great

Britain assembled in Parliament,
The humble Petition of the Mayor, Aldermen, Common Coxmcil
and Burgesses of the ancient Town and Borough of Cambridge.
Shevveth,
Th.^t the inhabitants of the said tOAvn and borough, and the parts adjacent,
have at all times heretofore been well served ai\d supplied with coals, fish,
salt, and all sorts of foreign merchandize, from the port of King's Lynn in
Norfolk, at reasonable rates, by means of the rivers of Great Ouse and Grant,
being great and navigable streams in which barges, boats, and vessels of great
burthen, with such goods and merchandize heretofore have had their constant
free and easy passage to the mutual advancement of trade and commerce and
particular benefit of your petitioners and the neighbouring counties.

That the corporation of adventurers for draining the great level of the fens
called Bedford Level, by their great neglect in the duly scouring out their
old sev/ers, new cuts, drains, and outfalls, the said rivers to seaward are very
much groAATi up and stopped for want of freshes coming doAvn into them in
the ordinary course so that smaller boats and vessels cannot pass therein with-
out great difficulties, delays and danger, and excessive charges : and the said
navigation in a little time very likely to be lost.

They therefore humbly pray that by the bill now depending in this
honourable House, the said obstructions may be removed and the navi-
gation trade and commerce between the said port and Cambridge may be
preserved by such means as to your great "Wisdoms shall seem most meet,
and your Petitioners shall ever pruy.(2)

(1) Commons Journals, xx. 59.

(2) toriJOTation Couchcr; Commons' Jbuinals, xx. 138.

1723] GEORGE THE FIRST. IY3

1723.

The disputes between the University and Town respecting the
land tax(i) were put an end to by the following agreement, which
bears date the 10th of April : —

Articles or Agreement made, concluded, mdented and agreed upon the
10th day of April, in the 9th year of the reign of our sovereign Lord George
by the grace of God of Great Britain France and Ireland King Defender of
the Faith, &c. Annoque Domini 1723: Between the Chancellor Masters and
Scholars of the University of Cambridge of the one part, and the Mayor
Bailiffs and Burgesses of the Town of Cambridge of the other part.

I.MrRiMis, whereas by virtue of an Act of Parliament passed this present
session of Parliament, in the 9th year of his Majesty's reign, intituled An Act
for granting an aid to his Majesty by a land tax to be raised in Great Bri-
tain for the service of the year 1723, it is amongst other things enacted
that the said University and Town of Cambridge shall jointly raise, levy, and
pay unto his Majesty the sum of £1423 Is. 6^^d. as their proportion of the
sum of £1,019,356 7s. Od. in the said Act mentioned : And whereas the defi-
ciencies or arrears of the land tax which were jointly to be raised and levied
from the said University and Town of Cambridge in several precedent years,
do upon a computation amount to the further sum of £752 4*. 3^1. which
said sums of £1423 Is. 6\d. and £752 4s. S^d. are at this time charged and
chargeable upon the said University and Toa\ti of Cambridge : And avhere-
AS by reason of deficiency of money and personal estate rateable within the
said University for the purposes aforesaid as well the said University as the
said Town of Cambridge have laid under and still do lye under great difficul-
ties as to the raising the said several sums so charged upon them as afore-
said : Therefore for removing such difficulties for the future as much as in
them lies, and for preserving a good correspondence between the said bodies
corporate, and for ascertaining the proportions that each of the said bodies
corporate shall pay towards raising the said several sums of £1423 Is. 6^d.
and £752 4s. S^d. and also such further sums as shall be hereafter to be
raised and levied from the said University and Town of Cambridge by virtue
of any subsequent act of Parliament to be made for granting an aid to his
Majesty or his successors by a land tax. It is mutually covenanted, con-
cluded AND AGREED UPON by and between the said Chancellor Masters and
Scholars of the said University and the said Mayor Bailiffs and Burgesses of
the said Town of Cambridge and the said Chancellor Masters and Scholars
and the said Mayor Bailiffs and Burgesses do, by these presents, for themselves
lespectively and for their respective successors, mutually covenant and agree
to and with each other and their respective successors, in manner and form
following (that is to say) : that the sum of £50 in this present year of our
Lord 1723 shall be raised and levied from or upon the members of the several
Colleges and Halls in the University and their personal estates, or any other
things belonging to the said L"rniversity or any member of the same, and not
from or upon any of the members that now or shall hereafter reside in any
of the parishes within the said Town of Cambridge as part of the said sum of
£1423 Is. 6ld. and that the sum of £1373 Is. 6 if/, residue of the said sum of
£1423 Is. 6hd. shall be raised and levied by the said Town of Cambridge in
tliis present year of our Lord 1723 for the service of the said year, and that

(I) A'ideaute,]). 170.

174 GEORGE THE FIRST. [1723

as well for the raising and le\ying the said sum of £752 45. S^d. so in arrear
as aforesaid, as of all future land taxes to be granted by an act of parliament
and chargeable upon the said University and To-w-n of Cambridge, the same
shall be raised and levied by the Members of the said "University, and by the
said TowTi of Cambridge respectively, by such quotas or proportions as herein-
before agreed upon concerning the said sum of £1423 Is. Gh^d. that is to
say, the several members of the several Colleges and Halls -within the said
University and their several estates or any other things belonging to the said
University or members of the same, exclusive as aforesaid, shall pay such share
and proportion thereof as £50 bears to £1423 Is. 65^7. and the residue of the
said arrears as also the remaining proportion of the subsequent land tax to
be granted by act of parliament and chargeable as aforesaid, shall be raised by
the said Town.

Item, It is further concluded and agreed upon by and between the said
parties to these presents, and the said Chancellor Masters and Scholars and
the said Mayor Bailiflfs and Burgesses do for themselves and their successors,
by these presents, further mutually covenant and agree to and with each other
and to and with their respective successors ; that the quota or quotas to be
raised by the said University shall be assessed only by such persons members
of the said University as shall be appointed by the respective Colleges and
Halls for that pm-pose, and which said assessors shall assess only the several
members of Colleges and Halls ^\dthin the said University and for such estates
only as are properly rateable and assessable within the same, exclusive always
of such members thereof as reside or shall reside in any of the parishes within
the said Town of Cambridge, who are to be taxed and assessed in the several
parishes wherein they do or shall reside, and that such of the Commissioners
appointed for the University and Toaati not being members of any College or
Hall within the said University shall nominate and appoint assessors to assess
the said quota or quotas to be raised for the said To%vn, which said assessors
so to be appointed for the said Town shall not assess any member of any
College or Hall within the said University but in respect of the real estate
of such member lying and being within the said To-vvn of Cambridge and
rateable and assessable within the meaning of the said act or acts so to be
made as aforesaid, and that the said Chancellor Masters and Scholars shall
from time to time and at all times hereafter, save and keep harmless and in-
demnified the inhabitants of the said Tovm of Cambridge, and their persons,
estates, goods, and effects from any deficiency that may happen in the re-
spective quotas and proportions of such taxes so to be raised by the several
members of the said Colleges and Halls in the said University, and from all
process, costs, charges, and damages which may hereafter happen to the
inhabitants of the said Town of Cambridge by reason of such deficiency, and
that in like manner the said Mayor Bailiffs and Burgesses shall and will from
time to time and at all times hereafter save harmless and keep indemnified
all and every the said members of all and every the. said Colleges and Halls
within the said University, and their persons, goods, and effects from any
deficiency that may happen in the respective quotas and proportions of such
taxes so to be raised by the said Toa^ti and inhabitants thereof, and from all
process, costs, charges, and damages which may hereafter happen to the mem-
bers of the said University by reason of such deficiency.

And lastly it is agreed by and between the said Chancellor Masters and
Scholars of the said University and the said Mayor Bailiffs and Burgesses
of the said Town of Cambridge, that they the said Chancellors Masters and

1723] GEORGE THE FIRST. JY5

Scholars and the said Mayor Bailiffs and Burgesses shall, at their joint ex-
pence and with their joint interest, endeavour that in the ensuing year and
so for the time to come, so long as the land taxes shall continue, the said
University and Town of Cambridge shall be separately assessed towards the
raising and levying the future land taxes in such proportion and proportions
and in such manner as hereinbefore mentioned and agreed upon.

Ix WITNESS whereof as well the said Chancellor Masters and Scholars their
common seal, as also the said Mayor Bailiffs and Burgesses their common
seal, to these present articles of agreement interchangeably have put the day
and year first above written.! l)

John Colbatch D.D. the Casuistical Professor, was, on the 8th of
May, committed by the Court of King's Bench for a contempt of
that Court in publishing a pamphlet entitled Jus Academicum,
wherein he contended that the University was not amenable to the
authority of the Courts at Westminster. On the 18th he was fined
£50.,('^) ordered to be imprisoned till it was paid, and to give secu-
rity for his good behaviour for a year.(3)

Conyers Middleton D.D. Principal Librarian of the University, in
the dedication of a tract entitled " Bibliothecse Cantabrigiensis Ordi-
nandae Methodus," reflected upon certain persons who aimed at sub-
jecting the academical jurisdiction to the Courts at Westminster.
The publication was adjudged a contempt of the Court of King's
Bench, which, on the 15th of June, committed Dr. Middleton, and on
the 20th he was fined £50. and discharged on paying the same and
giving sureties for his good behaviour for a year.(^)

The following account of Sturbridge fair and the University and
Town of Cambridge from the pen of Daniel de Foe appears to have
been compiled this year, though not published till the following : —

I now draw near to Cambridge, to which I fansy I look as if I was afraid
to come, having made so many Circumlocutions beforehand; but I must yet

(1) Corporation Cross Book. Vide Stat. Acad, Cantab, p. 414.

(2) The sentence was pronounced by Sir Littleton Povvis the senior Puisne Justice. "His
•' Lordship had just been reading- Jus Academicum, and was master of its contents ; but,
" unfortunately for the author, he considered some of the reflections intended for Dr. Bent-
*' ley, as levelled against the Court : he regarded Colbatch*s commendations of Academical
" law as conveying- a censure upon the Common-law of the land ; and termed ' the appeals
" made to foreign lawyers quite foreign to the piu-pose :' a conceit which took his Lordship's
*' fancy so much, that he repeated it three or four times in the course of his speech. But the
" most disastrous point was the motto of the book, Jura negat sibi nata, nihil non an-ogat.
" Thi8 venerable Judge, who had passed a long life in the study of Law Latin, had forgotten
" Avhatever acquaintance he might have contracted with classical writers sixty years before ;
" for he accused Colbatch of 'applying to the Court the most virulent verse in all Horace,
" Jura negat sibi nata, niliil non abrogat.' The culj)rit immediately set him right as to
" Horace's Avord ; and told him besides that the motto was intended' to apply, not to the
" Judges, but to Bcntley. Sir Littleton, however, would not be driven from what lie consi-
" dcred his sti'ong hold ; he thrice recurred to this unhajjpy quotation, which accused their
" Lordships of ' abrogating' the laws, and each time Colbatch was imprudent enough to in-
•* terrupt and correct him." — Monk, ILiife of Bentley, ii. 198.

(3) Jlonk, Life of Bentley, ii. 179—189, 193—199, 202; Historical Register for 1723,
Chronological Diary, 21, 23.

(4) Monk, Life of Bentley, ii. 199—202; Modern Reports, viii. 123; Historical Register
for 1723, Chronological Diary, 30.

176 GEORGE THE FIRST. [1723

make another Digression before I enter the Town ; (for in my way, and as I
came in from Newmarket, about the beginning of September ;) I cannot omit,
that I came necessarily through Sturbridge Fair, v.-hich was then in its height.

If it is a Diversion worthy a Book to treat of Trifles, such as the Gayety
of Bury Fair, it cannot be very unpleasant, especially to the Trading part of
the "World, to say something of this Fair, which is not only the greatest in
the whole Nation, but in the World ; nor, if I may believe those who have
seen them all, is the Fair at Leipsick in Saxony, the Mart at Frankfort on
the Main, or the Fairs at Nuremberg or Ausburg, any way to compare to
this Fair at Sturbridge.

It is kept in a large Corn-field, near Casterton, extending from the Side of
the River Cam, towards the Road, for about half a Mile Square.

If the Husbandmen who rent the Land, do not get their Corn off before a
certain Day in Aiigust, the Fair-Keepers may trample it under foot and spoil
it to build their Booths, or Tents; for all the Fair is kept in Tents, and
Booths: On the other Hand, to ballance that Severity, if the Fair-Keepers
have not done their Business of the Fair, and remov'd and clear'd the Field
by another certain Day in September, the Plowmen may come in again, with
Plow and Cart, and overthrow all and trample it into the Dirt; and as for
the Filth, Dung, Straw, &c. necessarily left by the Fair-Keepers, the Quan-
tity of which is very great, It is the Farmers Fees, and makes them full amends
for the trampling, riding, and carting upon, and hardening the Ground.

It is impossible to describe all the Parts and Circumstances of this Fair
exactly; the Shops are placed in Rows like Streets, whereof one is call'd
Cheapsidt ; and here, as in several other Streets, are all sorts of Trades, who
sell by Retale, and who come principally from London with their Goods ;
scarce any Trades are omitted. Goldsmiths, Toyshops, Braziers, Turners,
Milleners, Haberdashers, Hatters, Mercers, Drapers, PcAvterers, China Ware-
houses, and in a word all Trades that can be named in London ; with Coffee
Houses, Taverns, Brandy-Shops, and Eating-houses, innumerable, and all in
Tents, and Booths, as above.

This great Street reaches from the Road, which as I said goes from Cam-
bridge to New-Market, turning short out of it to the Right towards the River,
and holds in a Line near half a Mile quite down to the River-side : In
another Street parallel with the Road are like Rows of Booths, but larger,
and more intermingled with Wholesale Dealers, and on one Side, passing out of
this last Street to the Left Hand, is a formal great Square, form'd by the
largest Booths, built in that Form, and which they called the Duddery ; whence
the Name is deriv'd, and what its Signification is, I could never yet learn,
tho' I made all possible search into it.(l) The Area of this Square is about
80 to a 100 Yards, where the Dealers have room before every Booth to take
down, and open their Packs, and to bring in AVaggons to load and unload.

This Place is separated, and Peculiar to the Wholesale Dealers in the
Woollen Manufacture. Here the Booths, or Tents are of a vast Extent, have
different Apartments, and the Quantities of Goods they bring are so Great,
that the Insides of them look like another Blackwell Hall, being as vast
Ware-houses pil'd up with Goods to the Top. In this Duddery, as I have
been inform'd, there have been sold One Hundred Thousand Pounds worth of

(1) Dutldeiy is evidently derived from the old word Dudde signifying- cloth, (rromjitorium
Parvulornm,'cd. Way, i. 134.) Duds for clothes is still used as a cant word and by the Scotch.
' — (Bailey's Dictionary, Glossaries to Burns and Walter Scott.)

1723] GEORGE THE FIRST, |77

Woollen Manufacturers in less than a Week's time, besides the prodigious
Trade carry'd on here, by Wholesale Men, from London, and all Parts of
England, who transact their Business wholly in their Pocket-Books, and meet-
ing their Chapmen from all Parts, make up their Accounts, receive Money
chiefly in Bills, and take Orders : These they say exceed by far the Sales of
Goods actually brought to the Fair, and deliver'd in Kind; it being frequent
for the London Wholesale Men to carry back Orders from their Dealers for
Ten Thousand Pounds worth of Goods a Man, and some much more. This
especially respects those People, who deal in heavy Goods, as Wholesale
Grocers, Salters, Brasicrs, Iron-Merchants, Wine-Merchants, and the like ; but
does not exclude the Dealers in Woollen Manufactures, and especially in Mer->
eery Goods of all sorts, the Dealers in which generally manage their Business
in this Manner,

Here are Clothiers from Hallifax, Leeds, Wakefield and Huthersfield in
Yorkshire, and from Rochdale, Bury, &c. in Lancashire, with vast Quantities
of Yorkshire Cloths, Kerseyes, Pennistons, Cottons, &c. with all sorts of Man*
Chester Ware, Fustians, and things made of Cotton Wool ; of which the
Quantity is so great, that they told me there were near a Thousand Horse*^
Packs of such Goods from that side of the Country, and these took up a side
and half of the Duddery at least ; also a part of a Street of Booths were taken
up with Upholsterer's Ware, such as Tickings, Sackings, Kidderminster Stuffs,
Blankets, Rugs, Quilts, &c.

In the Duddery I saw one Ware-house, or Booth with six Apartments in it,
all belonging to a Dealer in Norwich Stuffs only, and who they said had there
above Twenty Thousand Pounds value, in those Goods, and no other.

Western Goods had their Share here also, and several Booths were fill'd as
full with Serges, Du-Roys, Druggets, Shalloons, Cantaloons, Devonshire Ker-
sies, &c. from Exeter, Taunton, Bristol, and other Parts AVest, and some from
London also.

But all this is still out done, at least in show, by two Articles, which are the
peculiars of this Fair, and do not begin till the other part of the Fair, that is
to say for the Woollen Manufacture begins to draw to a Close: These are the
Wooll, and the Hops, as for the Hops, there is scarce any Price fix'd for Hops
in England, till they know how they sell at Sturbridge Fair ; the Quantity that
appears in the Fair is indeed prodigious, and they, as it were, posssess a large
Part of the Field on which the Fair is kept, to themselves ; they are brought
directly from Chelmsford in Essex, from Canterbury and Maidstone in Kent,
and from Farnham in Surrey, besides what are brought from London, the growth
of those, and other Places.

Enquiring Avhy this Fair should be thus, of all other Places in England, the
Center of that Trade ; and so great a Quantity of so Bulky a Commodity be car-
ryed thither so far : I was answer'd by one thoroughly acquainted with that mat-
ter thus : The Hops, said he, for this part of England, grow principally in the
two Counties of Surrey and Kent, with an exception only of the Town of Chelms-
ford in Essex, and there are very few planted any where else.

There are indeed in the West of England some Quantities groAvn ; as at Wilton,
near Salisbury; at Hereford and Broomsgrove, near Wales, and the like; but
the Quantity is inconsiderable, and the Places remote, so that none of them
come to London.

As to the North of England, they formerly used but few Hops there, their
Drink being chiefly Pale smooth Ale, which requir'd no Hops, and consequently
they planted no Hops in all that Part of England, North of Trent; nor did I

l^yg GEORGE THE FIRST. [1723

ever see one Acre of Hop-Ground planted beyond Trent, in my Observations ;
but as for some years past, they not only brew great Quantities of Beer in the
North ; but also use Hops in the Brewing their Ale much more than they did
before ; so they all come South of Trent to buy their Hops ; and here being vast
Quantities brought, 'tis great Part of their back Carriage into Yorkshire, and
Northamptonshire, Derbyshire, Lancashire, and all those Counties ; nay, of late,
since the Union, even to Scotland itself; for I must not omit here also to men-
tion, that the River Grant, or Cam, which runs close by the N.W. side of the
Fair in its way from Cambridge to Ely, is Navigable, and that by this means,
all heavy Goods are brought even to the Fair-Field, by "Water Carriage from Lon-
don, and other Parts ; first to the Port of Lynn, and then in Barges up the Ouse,
from the Ouse into the Cam, and so, as I say to the very Edge of the Fair.

In like manner great Quantities of heavy Goods, and the Hops among the
rest, are sent from the Fair to Lynn by Water, and shipped there for the Hum-
ber, to Hull, York, &c. and for New Castle upon Tyne, and by New Castle,
even to Scotland it self. Now as there is still no planting of Hops in the North,
tho' a great Consumption, and the Consumption increasing Daily, this, says my
Friend, is one Reason why at Sturbridge Fair there is so great a Demand for the
Hops : He added, that besides this, there were very few Hops, if any worth
naming, growing in all the Counties even on this side Trent, which were above
forty Miles from London ; these Counties depending on Sturbridge Fair for their
supply, so the Counties of Suffolk, Norfolk, Cambridge, Huntingdon, North-
ampton, Lincoln, Leicester, Rutland, and even to Stafford, Warwick, and
Worcestershire, bought most if not all of their Hops at Sturbxidge Fair.

These are the Reasons why so great a Quantity of Hops are seen at this Fair,
as that it is incredible, considering too, how remote from this Fair the Growth
of them is, as above.

This is likewise a Testimony of the prodigious Resort of the Trading People
of all Parts of England to this Fair ; the Quantity of Hops that have been sold
at one of these Fairs is diversley reported, and some affirm it to be so great, that
I dare not copy after them ; but -without doubt it is a surprising Account, espe-
cially in a cheap Year.

The next Article brought hither, is Wool, and this of several sorts, but prin-
cipally Fleece Wool, out of Lincolnshire, where the longest Staple is found;
the Sheep of those Countries being of the largest Breed.

The Buyers of this Wool, are chiefly indeed the Manufacturers of Norfolk and
Sufiblk, and Essex, and it is a prodigious Quantity they buy.

Here I saw what I have not observ'd in any other County of England, namely,
a Pocket of Wool. This seems to be fu-st call'd so in Mockery, this Pocket being
so big, that it loads a whole Waggon, and reaches beyond the most extream
Parts of it hanging over both before, and behind, and these ordinarily weigh
a Ton or 25 Hundred weight of Wool, all in one Bag.

The Quantity of Wool only, which has been sold at this Place at one Fair,
has been said to amount to fifty or sixty Thousand Pounds in value, some say
a great deal more.

By these Articles a Stranger may make some guess at the immense Trade
carry'd on at this Place ; what prodigious Quantities of Goods are bought, and
sold here, and what a confluence of People are seen here from all Parts of
England.

I might go on here to speak of several other sorts of English Manufactures,
■which are brought hither to be sold; as all sorts of wrought Iron, and Brass
Ware from Birmingham ; Edg'd Tools, Knives, &c. from Sheffield ; Glass-Wares,

1723] GEORGE THE FIRST. I79

and Stockings, from Nottingham, and Leicester ; and an infinite Throng of
other things of smaller value, every Morning.

To attend this Fair, and the prodigious conflux of People, which come to it,
there are sometimes no less than fifty Hackney Coaches, which come from Lon-
don, and ply Night and Morning to carry the People to and from Cambridge ;
for there the Gross of the People lodge ; nay, which is still more strange, there
are Wherries brought from London on "Waggons to plye upon the little River
Cam, and to row People up and down from the Town, and from the Fair as
Occasion presents.

It is not to be wondered at, if the Town of Cambridge cannot Receive, or
Entertain the Numbers of People that come to this Fail ; not Cambridge only,
but all the Towns round are full ; nay, the very Barns, and Stables are turn'd
into Inns, and made as fit as they can to Lodge the laeaner Sort of People • As
for the People in the Fair, they all universally Eat, Drink, and Sleep in their
Booths, and Tents ; and the said Booths are so Intermingled with Taverns,
CofFee-Houses, Drinking-Houses, Eating-houses, Cookr-Shops, &c. and all in
Tents too; and so many Butchers, and Higglers from all the Neighbouring
Counties come into the Fair every Morning with Beef, Mutton, Fowls, Butter,
Bread, Cheese, Eggs, and such things ; and go with them from Tent to Tent,
from Door to Door, that there's no want of any Provisions of any kind, either
dress'd or undress'd.

In a "Word, the Fair is like a well Fortify'd City, and there is the least Dis-
order and Confusion (I believe) that can be seen any where, with so great a
Concourse of People.

Towards the latter End of the Fair, and when the great Hurry of "Wiiolesale
Business begins to be over, the Gentry come in, from all parts of the County
roimd ; and tho' they come for their Diversion ; yet 'tis not a little Money, they
lay out ; which generally falls to the share of the Retailers, such as Toy-shops,
Goldsmiths, Brasiers, Ironmongers, Turners, Milleners, Mercers, &c. and some
loose Corns, they reserve for the Puppet Shows, Drolls, Rope-Dancers, and
such like ; of which there is no want, though not considerable like the rest : The
last day of the Fair is the Horse-Fair, where the whole is closed with both
Horse and Foot-Races, to divert the meaner Sort of People only, for nothing
considerable is offered of that Kind : Thus Ends the whole Fair, and in less
than a week more, there is scarce any Sign left that there has been such a thing
there: except by the Heaps of Dung and Straw, and other Rubbish which is
left behind, trod into the Earth, and v/hich is as good as a summer's fallow
for Dunging to the Land ; and as I have said above, pays the Husbandman well
for the use of it.

I should have mention'd, that here is a Court of Justice always open, and held
every Day in a Shed built on purpose in the Fair ; this is for keeping the Peace,
and deciding Controversies in matters Deriving from the Business of the Fair :
The Magistrates of the Town of Cambridge are Judges in this Court, as being
in their Jurisdiction, or they holding it by Special Priviledge : Here they deter-
mine Matters in a Summary way, as is practis'd in those we call Pye-Powder
Courts in other Places, or as a Court of Conscience ; and they have a final
Authority without Appeal.

I come now to the Town, and University of Cambridge, I say the To-wn and
University, for tho' they are Blended together in the Situation, and the Colleges,
Halls, and Houses for Literature are promiscuously scatter'd up and down
among the other Parts, and some even among the meanest of the other Building* ;

180 GEORGE THE FIRST. [1723

as Magdalen College over the Bridge, is in particular ; yet they are all Encor-
porated together, by the Name of the University, and are govern'd apart, and
distinct from the To^vn, which they are so intermix'd with.

As their Authority is distinct from the Town, so are their Priviledges, Customs,
and Government: they choose Representatives, or Members of Parliament for
themselves, and the To^^^l does the like for themselves, also apart.

The Town is govern'd by a Mayor, and Aldermen. The University by a
Chancellor, and Yice-Chancellor &c. Tho' their Dwellings are niix'd, and seem
a little confus'd, their authority is not so ; in some Cases the Vice-Chancellor may
concern himself in the Towoi, as in searching Houses for the Scholars at improper
Hours, removing scandalous Women, and the like.

But as the Colleges are many, and the Gentlemen entertain'd in them are a
very great Number, the Trade of the Town very much depends upon them, and
the Tradesmen may justly be said to get their Bread by the Colleges ; and this is
the surest hold the University may be said to have of the Townsmen, and by
which they secure the Dependence of the Town upon them, and subsequently
their Submission.

I remember some Years ago a Brewer, who being very Rich and Popular in the
To^vn, and one of their Magistrates, had in several things so much oppos'd the
University, and insulted their Vice-Chancellor, or other Heads of Houses, that in
short the University having no other way to Exert themselves, and show their
Resentment, they made a By-Law or Order among themselves, that for the
future they would not Trade with him. ; and that none of the Colleges, Halls,
&c. would take any more Beer of him ; and what follow'd ? The Man indeed
braved it out a while, but when he found he cou'd not obtain a Revocation of
the Order he was fain to leave off his Brewhouse, and if I remember right,
quitted the To\\'n.

Thus I say. Interest gives them Authority ; and there are abundance of
Reasons why the To^ati shoul'd not disoblige the University, as there are some
also on the other Hand, why the University shou'ld not differ to any Extremity
with the ToAvn ; nor, such is their prudence, do they let any Disputes between
them run up to any Extremities, if they can avoid it. As for Society ; to any man
who is a lover of Learning, or of Learn'd Men, here is the most agreeable under
Heaven ; nor is there any want of Mirth and good Company of other Kinds. But
'tis to the Honour of the University to say, that the Governors so well understand
their Office, and the Governed their Duty, that here is very little Encourage-
ment given to those Seminaries of Crime the Assemblies, which are so much
boasted of in other places.

Again, as Dancing, Gaming, Intriguing, are the three principle Articles which
recommend those Assem.blies ; and that generally the Time for carrying on Affairs
of this Kind, is the Night, and sometimes all Night ; a time as unseasonable as
scandalous ; add to this, that the Orders of the University admit no such Excesses :
I therefore say, as this is the case, 'tis to the Honour of the whole Body of the
University, that no Encouragement is given to them here.

As to the Antiquity of the University in this Town, the Originals and Founders
of the several Colleges, their Revenues, Laws, Government and Governors, they
are so effectually and so largely treated of by other Authors, and are so foreign to
the familiar Design of these letters, that I refer my Readers to Mr. Camden's
Brittania, and the Author of the Antiquities of Cambridge, and other such learned
"Writers, by whom they may be fully informed.

The present Vice-Chancellor is Dr. Snape, formerly Master of Eaton School

24 j

1723-24] GEORGE THE FIRST. IgJ

near Windsor ; and famous for his Dispute with and evident advantage over the
late Bishop of Bangor ;(1) in the time of his Government, the Dispute between the
University and the Master of Trinity College has been brought to a Head, so as
to employ the Pens of the Learned on both Sides ; but at last Prosecuted in a
judicial way, so as to deprive Dr. Bentley of all his Dignities and Offices in the
University ; but the Dr. flying to the Royal Protection, the University is, under
a Writ of Mandamus, to show cause why they do not restore the Doctor again, to
which it seems they demur, and that Demur, has not, that we hear, been argued,
at least when these Sheets were sent to the Press ; what will be the Issue Time
must shew. (2)

1723 ^ On the 22d of January, there was a poll for the rectory of Standish,
[■ in Lancashire, the patron being a Papist : the votes were for Thomas
Pilgrim, B.D., of Trinity College, Regius Professor of Greek, 125 ; for
William Baker, D.D., of St. John's College, 77.(3)

The Court of King's Bench after two argumentsl^) upon the return
made by the University to the mandamus for the restoration of Dr.
Bentley to his degrees, 0'5) on the 7th of February, awarded a pe-
remptory mandamus,(6) which was ultimately(7) obeyed.

On the 24th of February, the House of Commons ordered that it be
an instruction to the Committee, to whom was referred a bill for better
viewing and searching of drugs, &c., " That they have power to receive
" a Clause for the better enabling the Faculty of Physick, in the
" University of Cambridge, to take the Bodies of Persons executed for
" Felony, and other Crimes for anatomical Dissections," and sub-
sequently this addition was made to the title of the bill " and for the
" better enabling the Faculty of Physick, in the University of Cam-
" bridge, to take the Bodies of Persons executed for Felony, or
" other Crimes, in the Counties of Cambridge and Huntington for
" anatomical Dissections. "(8) The clause in question appears to have

(1) Dr. Hoadley.

(2) A Tour thro' the whole Island of Great Britain, (London 8vo. 1724), Letter i, 121—133.
See Wilson's Life of De Foe iii. 533.

(3) Monk, Life of Bentley, ii. 214 n.

(4) The first argument was in Trinity Term 1723 by Serjeant Cheshyre for Dr. Bentley,
and Serjeant Comjais (afterwards Chief Baron of the Exchequer) for the University. The
great and insurmountable objection to the whole of the proceedings of the University
was the want of notice to Dr, Bentley, in reference to which Mr. Justice Fortescue
observed, "The laws of God and man both give the party an opportunity to make his
•' defence if he has any. I remember to have heard it observed by a very learned man
" upon such an occasion, that even God himself did not pass sentence upon Adam,
" before he was called upon to make his defence. Adam ^says God) where ait thou ?
" Hast thou not eaten of the tree whereof I commanded thee that thou shouldst not eat ?
" And the same question was put to Eve also." (Strange's Reports, i. 507.) The second
argument was in Hilary Term 1723-4, by Mr. Reeve (afterwards Chief Justice of the
Common Pleas) for Dr. Bentley, and Sir Philip Yorke Attorney General (afterwards Earl
of Hardwicke) for the University.

(5) Vide ante, pp. 159, 169.

(6) Strange's Reports,!. 657; Lord Raymond's Reports, ii. 1334; Modern Reports, viil.
148 ; Historical Register for 17:^4, Chronological Diary 10.

(7) 26th of March, 1724, a grace passed restoring Dr, Bentley to all his degrees auil
privileges. — Monk, Life of Bentley, ii. 207.

(8) Commons' Journals xx. 269,293.

Ig^ GEORGE THE FIRST. [1724

been ultimately withdrawn and the title of the act was remodelled
accordingly.

On the 20th of March, the King ordered that the duty of preaching
at the Chapel Royal at Whitehall should be performed by 24 fellows
of Colleges in the two Universities, 12 out of each University, two of
them for every month, to be recommended by the Dean of the Chapel,
and that a salary of £30 per annum should be paid to each.(i)

1724.

On the 25th of March, the University after attending divine service
in King's College Chapel, where an appropriate sermon was preached
by Gregory Doughty M.A., assisted at laying the first stone of the
western side of the great court of that College, which cerr^mony
was performed by the Provost A.ndrew Snape D.D. Vicechancellor
of the University .(2) The architect was James Gibbs who furnished
designs for the southern and eastern sides of this quadrangle. The
eastern side was to have been precisely like the western ; the
southern, which was to have contained the Hall a ad the Provost's
Lodge, was to have ha 1 a portico of eight Corinthian columns sup-
porting a pediment.(3)

On the 24th of April, the royal assent was given to an Act for
repairing the roads leading from Stump Cross,, in the parish of
Chesterford, to Newmarket Heath and the town of Cambridge.(4)

This year, the King established in each of the Universities of
Cambridge and Oxford a Professorship of History and Modern
Languages with the stipend of £400 per annum. His intention to
do so was conveyed to the Vicechancellor in the following Letter: —

George R.
Trusty and well-beloved we greet you well.

We being greatly desirous to favour and encourage our two universities, those
ancient and laudable nurseries of piety and learning, and to enable them more
effectually to answer the end of their institution by sending forth constant sup-
plies of learned and able men to serve the publick both in church and state,
and having observed that no encouragement or provision has hitherto been made
in either of the said universities for the study of modern history or modern lan-
guages, the knowledge of which is highly necessary towards compleatly qualifying
the youth committed to their care for several stations both in church and state
to which they may be called, and having seriously weighed the prejudice that
has accrued to the said universities from this defect, persons of foreign nations

(1) Wade, British Chronology, 3d edit., p. 374. About 1837 the number of Whitehall
preachers was reduced to two, viz., one from each University. Each Treacher now holds
office for two years only.

(2) Monk, Life of Bentley, ii. 206.

(3) Gibbs, Book of Architecture, plates, .33, 33, 31, 35.

(4) Stat. 10 Geo. I. c. 12.

1724] GEORGE THE FIRST. 183

being often employed in the education and tuition of youth both at home and
in their travels, and great numbers of the young nobility and gentry being either
sent abroad directly from school or taken away from the universities before the
com-se of their studies can be there compleated, and opportunities frequently
lost to the cro^vn of employing and encouraging members of the two universities,
by conferring on them such employments both at home and abroad as necessa-
rily require a competent skill in writing and speaking the modern languages.

In order therefore to remedy these and the like inconveniences, we have
determined to appoint two persons of sober conversation and prudent conduct of
the degree of master of arts or bachelor of laws, or of some higher degree in
one of the said universities, skilled in modern history and in the knowledge of
modern languages, to be nominated by us to be our professors of modern history,
one for the University of Cambridge and the other for that of Oxford, who shall
be obliged to read lectures in the publick schools at such times as shall hereafter
be appointed. And we have further determined that each of the said professors
shall have a stipend of four hundred pounds per annum; and out of the said
stipend shall be obliged to maintain with sufficient salaries in the university
where he shall be established, two persons at least, well qualified to teach and
instruct in ^^^:iting and speaking the said languages, which said teachers shall
be under the direction of the professors respectively, and shall be obliged to in-
struct gratis in the modern languages twenty scholars of each university to be
nominated by us, and each scholar so nominated shall be obliged to learn two at
least of the said languages, both the professors and teachers taking especial care
that the times and hours for the instructing and teaching the said scholars be
so ordered as not to interfere with those appointed for their academical studies :
which professors and teachers shall also be obliged once every year to transmit
an attested account of the progress made by each scholar committed to their care
to our principal secretaries of state, to be laid before us that we may encourage
the diligence and application of such amongst them as shall have qualified them-
selves for our service, by giving them suitable emplojTnents either at home or
abroad as occasion shall ofler. And our royal will and pleasure is that you forth-
vnih upon the receipt hereof call a congregation in order to communicate these
our royal intentions to the university. And so we bid you farewell.

GiVEX at our court at St. James's, the 16th day of May 1724, in the tenth

year of our reign.

By his majesty's command,

TOWNSHEND.

To our trusty and well beloved the vice-chancellor
of our university of Cambridge to be communi-
cated to the senate there.(l)

On the 19th of May, the Senate voted the following Address,
which was presented to the King at St. James's on the 23rd by Dr.
Snape Vicechancellor, attended by the Proctors and several other
members of the University, who were introduced by the Duke of
Grafton, Lord Chamberlain of the Household : —
To THE King's most Excellent Majesty,
The humble Address of the Chancellour, Masters and Scholars of the

University of Cambridge.
Most Gracious Sovereign,
We your Majesty's most dutiful and loyal Subjects, the Chancellour, Masters

(I) Stat. Acad. Cantab, p. 312 ; Historical Register for 1724, p. 201.

184 GEORGE THE FIRST. [1724

& Scholars of your University of Cambridge, having been honoured with yout
Majesty's Royal Letter, which has been read to us in full Senate, intimating
your Gracious &. princely intentions of Establishing, both in this & your othei"
University, a ncAv Professorship of Modern History & Modern languages, with
an appointment so ample, as well nigh to equal the Stipends of all our other
Professors put together; beg leave to approach your sacred person, with the
sincerest assurances of Duty, Loyalty & Gratitude v/hich such unparalleled
munificence requires.

Your Majesty, like a common father that is watchful for the Welfare of his
Children, has wisely observed where our greatest defect lay, and where your re^'
lief could most seasonably be applied; v/e have for many years, vath gi'ief,
observed, and may now, Avith assurance, venture to speak out our grievance,
since your Majesty has been pleased to enter so far into our cause, as to join in
the sa.me complaint, that foreign Tutors have had so large a share in the educa-
tion of our youth of Quality, both at home and in their travels : And we are
thoroughly sensible, that the reason why they have been so employed, in pre-
ference to men of far superior learning of our own country, has been the want
of proper helps towards the attaining those accomplishments in our Universities,
for which your Majesty is now making so honourable a provision. But we are
now firmly persuaded, that when your Majesty's noble design shall have taken
effect ; when there shall be a sufficient number of Academical persons well versed
in the knowledge of foreign Courts, & well instructed in their respective languages ;
when a familiarity with the living tongues shall be superadded to that of the dead
ones ; when the solid learning of antiquity shall be adorned & set off with a skil-
ful habit of conversing in the languages that now flourish, & both be accompa-
nied with English probity ; our Nobility & Gentry will be under no temptation
of sending for persons from foreign countries to be entrusted with the education
of their children ; that the appearance of an English Gentleman in the Courts of
Europe, with a Governor of liis OAvn nation, will not be so rare & uncommon as
it has hitherto been ; & that your two universities thus refined, and made more
compleatly serviceable to the Education of youth, by your Majesty's most judicious
& well directed as well as liberal benefaction, will be able to furnish you with
a constant supply of persons every way qualified for the management of such
weighty affairs & negociations, as yoiu' Majesty's Occasions may require.

We most heartily beseech the Almighty to prosper this, & all your great &
glorious imdertakings, that you may long live & reign, till you have received the
fullest conviction that your royal purpose has not been frustrated, but that this
new Institution has proved (as your princely wisdom intended it should) a real
& National blessing.

Permit us further, most Gracious Sovereign, to testify our Grateful sense of
two other distinguishing marks of your Royal favour so lately conferred on your
two universities : The charging your Revenue with new salaries appropriated to
tAvelve persons chosen out of each, as preachers in your Chapel of Whitehall ;
and your Generous resolution of Entitling to a share of such benefices as are
within yom- royal patronage, the members of the two Universities ; we scarce had
time to congratulate one another on occasion of the two last mentioned favours,
when they were followed by that new & accumulated instance of your goodness,
the erection of a new Professorship.

In return for such repeated obligations, we shall not fail to put up our in-
cessant prayers to God for the preservation of your Majesty & your Royal family;
& shall always endeavour to contribute in the best manner we are able, to the
tranquility, peace & good order of your Government. — May the 19th, 1724.

17-21J GEORGE THE FIRST. 185

To this .iddrcss tlic King gave " tlic following most Gracious
Answer" : — ■

I thank you for this dutiful & loyal address, & am ajlad to find that wliat 1
proposed to you in my letter meets with your entire approbation ; & doubt not
but with your assistance my Intentions upon this occasion Avill prove an honour
to the University in general, as well as an advantage to the particular members
of that learned body (1)

Letters Patent establishing the Professorship of Modern History
were scaled on the 28th of September. On the 20th of October, Samuel
Harris M.A. fellow of Petcrhouse, was appointed the first Professor
in this University. He was admitted on the 26th of the same
month.(2)

Thomas Bacon Esq., one of the Members of Parliament for the
Town presented the Corporation with four silver gilt maces. On the
11th of June, the Mayor was directed to write him a letter of thanks
in the name of the Corporation. Mr. Bacon's answer is dated
Queen's Square, July the 7th.(3)

On the 3rd of August, was established(4) the Society denominated
the Cambridge Youths, instituted for the purpose of change-ringing
on Great St. Mary's Bells, (a new peal of ten being put up this
year.){<'') Several distinguished members of the University(6) have
belonged to this Society, which still exists.

By a Grace of the Senate, passed on the 10th of November, the
title of Professor of Botany was conferred on Richard Bradley,
F.R.S.(7)

The election of a Member for the County in the room of
Edward Lord Harley,f8) who succeeded to the Earldoms of Oxford
and Mortimer, took place on the 19th of November. The candidates
were Samuel Shepheard Esq., of Exning, and Francis Pemberton

(1) London Gazette 19 to 23 May, 1724; Historical Register for 1724, p. 293.

(2) MS. Baker, XXX. 385.

(3) Corporation Common Day Book.

(4) A Society of the like nature, consisting chiefly of the younger members of the
University, is said to have been established in the reign of Elizabeth.

(5) Increased to twelve in or about 1770.

(6) The following names occur in the printed Register of the Society : —

lli^x Charles ^Nlason D.D. fellow of Trinity College and Woodwardian Professor.
1726. Robert Hesketh of Christ's College.

1728. John Roper, Apothecary, afterwards a Major in the Army, killed at Val, 1747.
1731. Richard Dawes INI. A., fellow of Emmanuel College, the celebrated Critic.
1733. Samuel Roe M.A., fellow of Trinity College, Vicar of Stotfold, Bedfordshire,

and author of works against enthusiasm, &c.
1738. James Gitlbrd Mayor of Cambridge, 1757-8:
1 749. Svnion Kerrich of Corpus Christi College.

1767. John Incarsole, a blind man remarkable for extensive musical knowledge
1767. Wm. Langley of Jesus College.
1773. John Bow tell, author of a MS. Hist, of Cambridge.

(7) Stat. Acad. Cantab, p. 415.

(8) New writ ordered 12th of N'ovember.

VOL. IV. A A

136 GEORGE THE FIRST. [1725

Esq.,(i) of Trumpington. The former polled 1347 votes and the
latter 1221.

This year, by means of Lancelot Blackburn Bishop of Exeter and
King's Almoner, the annual stipend of £50 was granted by the
Crown to a Reader of Arabic in this University.C^) This stipend
has ever since been continued. The first Reader was Dr. David
Wilkins, the learned editor of the Concilia, Leges Anglo Saxonicse,
&c., &c.
1724 ^ ^^ ^^^ 24111 of March, the royal assent was given to an Act for
• — > repairing part of the road from London to Cambridge, beginning at
the end of the Parish of Foulmire, next to the Parish of Barley, and
ending at the pavement in Trumpington Street in the Town of
Cambrido;e.(3)

25 j

1725.

Dr. Wra. Savage the Vicechancellor suspended William Campbell
of King's College, the Senior Regent, for contumacy in stopping
several times, and without any reason assigned, divers graces and
supplicats of candidates for degrees. Mr. Campbell however ap-
pealed to Delegates appointed by the University, who reversed the
Vicechancellor 's proceedings and condemned him in damages and
costs.(4)

On an appeal by Mr. Davie against Dr. Savage the Vice-
chancellor, Joseph Craven D.D. Master of Sidney College, Ralph
Perkins LL.D. of Queen's College, and Godfrey Washington M.A,
of Peterhouse, were on the 25th of October chosen Delegates. They
determined in the following terms that it was a case in which there
was no appeal: —

Whereas by a grace of the house, delegates have been chosen Oct. the
23d, 1725, in causa appellationis inter dominum procancellarium & magistrum
Davie ; "WE the said delegates have taken the said matter into full and serious
consideration, and also the direction of the statute de causis forensibus, on
which is founded the -whole power and jurisdiction of such delegates, and find-
ing that there are no grounds for such appeals, wherein the vice chancellor
is made alter litigantium or pars appellata, and likewise having before us no
precedent of any such appeal in this university; have concluded and deter-
mined, and DO HEREBY CONCLUDE AND DETERMINE, that the abovemeutioned
appeal is not within that statute, and does not lye before us the delegates,

(1) Mr. Pemberton, uho Avas the eldest son of Lord Chief Justice remberton, died at
a very advanced age in 1762.

(2) Luctus Acad. Cantab, in obitum Georgii I. &C. [sig-. G.]

(3) Stat. 11 Geo. I. c. 14.

(4) Inquiry into the right of appeal, 39,

1726] - GEORGE THE FIRST. Ig7

and therefore that wc do dismiss it the court, and remit the cause to the

proper judge.

J, Craven,

R, Peukins,

G. "Washington.(I)

On the 10th of December, was established in the University a
literary society called the Zodiac Club, from its consisting of 12
members denominated from the twelve signs. In 1728 six additional
members were elected, who were denominated from six of the planets,
but the original name was retained.(2)

1726.

The office of Public Orator becoming vacant by the resignation of
Dr. AylofFe the Heads proceeded to nominate two candidates, and
the votes being equal between Nathaniel Heyrick M.A. fellow of
Trinity College, and Edward Banyer M.A. fellow of Emmanuel Col-
lege, Dr, Bentley as Regius Professor of Divinity decided in favour
of Mr. Heyrick, who accordingly was returned with Edmund Castle
M.A., fellow (afterwards Master) of Corpus Christi College, to the
Senate. John Burford M.A., fellow of King's College, protested
publicly that the Heads did not possess the right to nonimate to the
office. He was supported by a large body of the Senate who pro-
ceeded to elect him, but Mr. Castle, having a majority over Mr.
Heyrick, was admitted. Mr. Burford afterwards published a pam-
phlet on the subject, to which Dr. Bentley replied ; this called forth
a rejoinder from Mr. Burford. (3)

On the 17th of September, Susannah ForresterC^) of St. Margaret's,
Westminster, widow, conveyed to trustees a capital messuage with
the houses and appurtenances thereunto belonging, and five cottages
with the appurtenances in Bridge Street; upon trust after pro-
viding for repairs, the land tax, for an annual sermon in All Saints'
Church, and for annual dinners for the officers and servants of that
church, and the trustees, to pay the rest and residue of the rents and
profits equally amongst five poor iincient widowers and five poor an-
cient widows inhabitants of the parish of All Saints, and of sober life
and conversation, for their lives, if they should so long continue to in-
habit in that parish.(5)

(1) Inquiry into the right of appeal, 41, 42.

(2) Nichols, Literary Anecdotes of the Eighteenth Century, vi. 228.

(3) Mojik, Life of Bentley, ii. 242—245 ; Masters, Hist, of Corp. Chr. Coll. ed. Lamb 235 n.

(4) Mrs. Forrester, who was daughter of Edmund Salter, gent., was born in All Saints
parish, Cambridge, June, 1655, and died in S. Margaret's, Westminster, 31 January, 1732.—
Inscription in All Saints Church.

(5) Reports of Charity Commissioners, xxxi. 43.

13g GEORGE THE FIRST. [1726-27

At a Common Day held on the 11th of October it was agreed and
ordered, " that Mr. Edward Phipps one of the Chiefe Constables of
" this Towne have leave at his own charges to build a Watch House
" or Guard House adjoining to the Market Cross, not exceeding six-
" teen foot long & Eleven foot wide, and that in such building he
" may make use of stones that shall be taken out of the Cross."
On the 25th, this order was vacated, " Provided that Mr. Norris
" Lamborn sen., give security to this Corporation to make good at
" his own costs and charges that part of the Cross which was pulled
" down on this occasion. "0)
1726^ At this period, when the practice of cock-fighting was prevalent
on Shrove Tuesday, measures w^ere taken by the University to pre-
vent the scholars from joining the disorderly assemblies drawn to-
gether on the occasion, as appears from the subjoined notice issued
by the Vicechancellor : —

Whereas upon some Intimations which I have received there seems to be
just reason to fear that if the Scholars be suffer'd to meet upon the Market-
Hill or in the parts Adjacent to morrow being Shrove-Tuesday among the
rude and disorderly people that then and there usually assemble some Quarrels
and Fightings may be occasion'd It is theiiefore my earnest desire that
you would please to give Orders to your respective Deans to charge the Scho-
lars of your several Colleges not to go abroad into the Town on that day at
least not to go upon the Market-Hill under the Penalty which may be inflicted
by the Statutes of this University.

And Mr. Proctors are hereby desired to use their care in preserving Peace
and good Order.

Jos. Craven,
Feb. 13, 1726-7. Vice-Chan»-.

To the Rev. the Masters and Presidents of

the Colleges in this University. (.2)

The following address to the King passed the seal of the Uni-
versity on the 4th of March. On the 14th, it was presented to his
Majesty at St. James's, by Dr. Gooch Deputy Vicechancellor, at-
tended by many of the Heads of Houses, Doctors, and other mem-
bers of the University ; and accompanied by several Bishops and
Deans : —

The humble Address of the Chancellor, Masters & Scholars of the

University of Cambridge.
May it please your most Excellent Majesty,
While our fellow-Subjects are hastening from all parts of the Kingdom to
express their concern and Zeal for your Majesty's person and Government,
should we alone be silent, who were so early, and have been so often distin-
guished by your particular favour, the w^orld might justly reproach us, &

(1) Corporation Common Day Book.

(2) MS. Botttdl, vii. 2757.

1726-27] GEORGE THE FIRST. I39

(which is less tolerable to ingenuous minds) we shall certainly reproach our-
selves.

Tho' it is not possible for us to forget your Majesty's repeated favours to
this University, whenever Ave have the honour to appear in your Royal pre-
sence, yet we come not now to acknowledge private kindnesses done to our-
selves, but to pay our just tribute of thanks for far more extended bene-
fits accruing to the whole Kingdom through the wisdom of your Majesty's
Counsels.

We stand before our Patron & our King, greatly indebted, & highly sen-
sible of our obligations in both Views; but as the liberty which we enjoy as
Englishmen, & the religion which we profess as protestants, are of all earthly
blessings the greatest, & without which all others Avould soon become vain &
insignificant; 'tis to your Royal care & vigilance over these common blessings,
in which every Briton has a share, that we come now to pay an acknowledge-
ment, of which our hearts are full, & which we feel far more sensibly than
we can express.

When we see your Majesty threatned with the dangers of a foreign War,
& Princes once highly indebted to your Majesty and your people conspiring
to invade your kingdoms ; and yet no injustice, no breach of faith laid to your
Majesty's charge, notliing demanded of you that can be granted without a
manifest violation of the just rights of our Country; what can we think, but
that your Majesty is molested for being, and resolving to be the father of
your Country; for refusing to sacrifice the rights of your people to the ease
& tranquillity of our own time ? Narrow spirited princes may be willing to
compound with dangers, and to shift off present evils, leaving them a certain
& increasing burden to posterity. But your Majesty has chosen the nobler,
as well as the wiser part, to meet the danger, & to sheAV the ambitious spirits
which trouble the world, & think force a sufficient Title to every thing within
their reach, that you are afraid of nothing but of doing wrong, and are pre-
pared & resolved to maintain your own & your peoples rights.

They who demand our trade out of our hands now, can only mean to put
themselves & us in such a state, that they may safely make larger demands
upon us at a more convenient season. Could their policy prevail, could they be
so successful as to see themselves growing in riches & power, & this Nation
languishing & declining in both, the next demand would probably be for the
Throne itself; and what is that but to demand of every Englishman a sur-
render of his liberty & Religion, & every thing else for the sake of which 'tis
worth living ?

These views at present are thought proper to be concealed : 'Tis part of
a secret Treaty only to place the pretender upon the throne of these King-
doms : But this will no longer be a secret when it may safely be own'd ; &
every diminution of the trade, & riches of this country, makes it safer to OAvn,
& easier to execute such designs. As little as we may be supposed to under-
stand the affairs of trade, we see enough to make us parties in the common
concern of the nation, & to kindle in us a just resentment against every
attempt upon it by fraud or force.

We have seen ourselves & our fellow Subjects so long in a state of hap-
piness & satisfaction under your Majesty's auspicious Government, that we
had reason to think the Pretender quite forgotten; but since your enemies
abroad have embraced the vain & delusive hopes which your enemies at home
seem in great measure to have laid aside, we beg leave to rci)eat the solemn
assurances often given, and always rcmcmber'd by us, that wc will, to the

190 GEORGE THE FIRST. [1726-27

utmost of our power & ability, support your Majesty's Government against
the pretender & all his adherents, whether at home or abroad.

We know full well, that in this profession we are not more faithful to your
Majesty than to ourselves, & our own interest; & we are persuaded, that the
people of England can never act contrary to their duty to your Majesty in
this respect, till they grow tired of their religion & their liberty, & are wil-
ling to abandon themselves to all the miseries, which, even in a distant view,
are shocking to humane nature.

That your Majesty may long enjoy Health & vigour to perfect the glorious
work you have undertaken, that the success may answer to the justice &
wisdom of your conduct, that you may be rewarded by seeing peace and
tranquillity restored & settled upon a solid & lasting foundation, is, & shall
be the prayer, and (as far as we can contribute) the endeavour of your loyal
University of Cambridge.

Given under our Common Seal the 4th day of March, Anno Domini, 1726.

To this address the Kmg returned " the following most gracious

answer:" —

I thank you for this dutiful and loyal Address. The Zeal and affection
which you express for my person & Government, are very seasonable at this
juncture, and give me great satisfaction. My University of Cambridge may
be assured of the continuance of my protection favour and Encouragement.

" His Majesty was pleased to receive them very graciously, and
" they all had the honour to kiss his Majesty's hand."(0

The following address from the Corporation w^as presented to the
King by Thomas Bacon, Esq., one of the representatives of the
Town in Parliament : —

To THE King's most excellent Majesty.
The humble Address of the Mayor, Recorder, Aldermen, Common-
Council, & Burgesses of the Ancient & loyal Corporation of
Cambridge.

May it please your Majesty,

"We should be unworthy of the happiness we have enjoyed under your Ma-
jesty's gracious Government & Administration, in the peaceable function of
our religion, Liberties & Civil rights, should we not at this juncture offer to
your Majesty our publick & most humble Acknowledgements for those ines-
timable blessings ; & at the same time, with the rest of your Majesty's loyal
Subjects, express our detestation against those foreign schemes, and Counsels,
which have been formed in direct violation & breach of former treaties, in-
consistent with the wealth, trade, & happiness of this Nation, injurious to
your Majesty's sacred person & Government, & tending to the destruction of
the Protestant succession in your Royal family.

To encroach upon the trade & Commerce of this Nation, to take from us
those important fortresses that should secure those Advantages and benefits
to us, & to settle a Popish abjured pretender upon the Throne, are designs
which could aim at nothing less than the total destruction of these King-
doms; and their fatal consequences, should such designs take effect, are too
obvious to stand in need of our particular remarks.

(1) London Gazette, 11 to ]4 March, 172;i.

1726-27] GEORGE THE FIRST. 19^

We beg leave therefore, upon this important occasion, to return our most
unfeigned thanks to your Majesty, for that prudent care & vigilance which
hath hitherto appear'd, both in your Counsels & preparations, to disappoint
the designs of your enemies, & the invaders of our peace & happiness ; & to
assure your Majesty, that we shall most chearfully and readily contribute to
all such Parliamentary supplies as shall be thought necessary for the defence
of your Majesty's Sacred person & Government, and for the security of the
honour, rights & commerce of this nation; & for the obtaining of those just
ends, shall be willing to expose whatever is most dear or valuable to us.

If these efforts of foreign Potentates to disturb your Majesty's Government,
& the peace & tranquillity of your Subjects, have been founded upon any
apprehensions of want of fidelity in us to your Sacred Majesty, (a crime which
we fron^ our hearts abhor,) or of unanimity amongst ourselves, we are confi-
dent, if occasion should require, they would soon be convinc'd that their
imaginations have been vain. The mildness & justice of your Majesty's Go-
vernment has abundantly strengthened & confirmed your Throne, (tho' founded
upon the justest Title) & has given you an universal dominion & Empire in
the minds & hearts of your Subjects (a felicity peculiar to good princes only):
And that your Majesty may sit long upon that Throne, & reign over us with
peace & prosperity, & that the same may be transmitted to your Royal Issue,
is, and shall be our sincere & daily Prayer.

GiVEX under our common Seal the 17th day of March, Anno Dom. 1726.(1)

(1) London Gazette, 21 to 25 March, 1727.

GEOKGE THE SECONT)

1727.

King Georgo the Second was proclaimed in Cambridge on the 15th
of June.

The accession of George II. and the death of his father were cele-
brated by the publication on the part of the University of a collec-
tion of poems entitled " Academiae Cantabrigiensis Luctus in obitum
serenissimi Georgii I. 'EYEPrETOY Magnae Britannise, &c. Regis : et
Gaudia ob potentissimi Georgii II. Patriarum virtutum ac solii hsere-
dis successionem pacificam simul et auspicatissimam."(i) Amongst the
authors were Dr. Joseph Craven Vicechancellor, Richard Dawes of
Emmanuel College, Thomas Hayter of Emmanuel College after-
wards Bishop of London, William Battle of King's College, John
Jortin of Jesus College, and Henry Coventrye of Magdalene Col-
lege.

At St. James's on the 29th of June, " the following Address of the
" University of Cambridge, was presented to his Majesty by his Grace
" the Duke of Somerset their Chancellour, accompanied by the Vice-
** Chancellour, the Bishops of Rochester, Ely, Lincoln, Norwich, Litch-
" field & Coventry, & Chichester, with a great number of Heads of
" Houses, Doctors, 8z Masters of Arts, all in their proper University
" Habits :"—

To THE King's most Excellent Majesty.
The humble Address of the Chancellour, Masters, & Scholars of

the University of Cambridge.
Most Gracious Sovereign,
We come with hearts full of Affection to your Majesty, to congratulate
your happy accession to the throne of your Ancestors, & to condole with you
for the loss of your royal father, our most honoured & much loved King Sc
Patron, whose memory will be sacred & precious in your University of Cam-
bridge as long as Gratitude continues to be the virtue of generous minds.

Under this loss, our greatest comfort is in the prospect now before us, of
tiappy days from your Majesty's known love of the religion, law^s, and liberties

(I) " raiital)rigitr, MDCCXXVii." f".

1727] GEORGE THE SECOND. I93

of this kingdom, & from the proofs we have scon of your many great and
royal Vertues.

As the lowest of your Subjects may learn, from your example, how to obey
their Sovereign; so we doubt not but your Majesty's reign will one day, be a
lesson to the greatest Princes how to make themselves & their people happy.

From your Majesty's great wisdom, & long experience of your people, we
have conceived hopes of seeing that happy state in your days, which your
royal predecessors could only wish for in theirs : That party distinctions
being laid aside, all may unite in affectionate loyalty to their Sovereign, &
hearty endeavours for the preservation of our Constitution in Church & State,

Towards the accomplishing this Glorious work, may your Majesty never
want the hands and hearts of your peoi)le : Ours shall nevet be wanting.

We shall always strive to be among the foremost to pay all duty to your
Majesty, & to set an example of cheerful Obedience to our fellow subjects.

When we view your Majesty at the head of a great Nation which loves
you: Happy in a Royal Consort, whose vertues have long deserv'd a Crown,
& have render'd it doubtful, whether she is more admired or more beloved
by your people : Blessed with a numerous & hopeful Issue, so formed to
Vertue by birth & education, that we justly esteem every branch of your
Royal family as a certain pledge of our country's future happiness & Glory
what can we further wish your Majesty, or ourselves, but the continuance of
these blessings, & that you may live for many years beloved by your people,
& reverenced by all the Nations round you.

Given under our Common Seal, the 23d day of June, Anno Dom. 1727.

"To which Address his Majesty was pleased to return the folio w-
" iiig most gracious Answer:" —

This Address from my University of Cambridge, so full of Duty & Affec-
tion to my person & family, is very acceptable to me. The good examples of
Loyalty in the University, & the influence which you have over the youth of
the Nation, will greatly conduce to the preserving all my Subjects in an en-
tire Affection to me & my Government, & will entitle you on all occasions
to my favour and protection.

" His Majesty was pleased to receive them very graciously and
*' they had all the honour to kiss his Majesty's hand.

" They afterwards waited on the Queen, & his Grace the Duke of
" Somerset made their Compliments in a Speech to her Majesty, to
" which her Majesty was pleased to return a very gracious Answer,
" & they had all the honour to kiss her Majesty's hand.'HH

The following address from the Corporation was presented by Gil-
bert Affleck and Thomas Bacon Esquires, at Saint James's on tlie
12th of August : —

To THE King's most Excellent Majesty,
The humble Address of the Mayor, Recorder, Aldermen, Common
Council, and Burgesses of your ancient and loyal Corporation
of Cambridge.

We your Majesty's most dutiful & loyal Subjects, humbly beg leave to con-
gratulate your Majesty's happy accession to the Throne of these realms,

(1) London Gazctto, 27th Juiip to 1st July, 1727.
VOL. IV. B U

194 GEORGE THE SECOND. [1727

-Which alone could compensate the great loss these kingdoms sustained by the
death of our late Sovereign your Royal father, especially when we consider
the present state of our Affairs abroad, Avhich require a prince endued with
all the great qualifications that adorn your Majesty, from whose wisdom we
promise ourselves a settled peace in Europe, & our possessions fix'd on so
lasting a foundation, that our enemies may find the success, they may flatter
themselves with from Treaties, to be as vain as what they hoped from their
Arms.

The affection your Majesty has always shewn to this Nation, the tender
regard in particular during your Regency, but above all your gracious De-
claration to your Parliament, that you shall ahvays look upon the Affection of
your people as the best support & security of your Crown, leaves us no room
to doubt of the justice & mildness of your Government: And as your Ma-
jesty has likewise been pleased to declare the religion, liberty & prosperity
of your people, shall be your constant care, all who have a regard to these
invaluable blessings, ought to contribute as much as is in their power, &
venture their lives & fortunes to make your reign as happy & easy, as these
measures will make it truly glorious.

May the Almighty bless the Queen & your royal issue, & grant your
Majesty a long & prosperous reign over us, is, & shall be our sincere &
daily prayer.

GiVEX under our Common Seal, the 5th day of July, Annoq. Dom. 1727 (1)

On the 22d of August, there was a contested election of members
of Parliament for the University.(2) The candidates were the Hon.
Edward Finch (3) M.^. of Trinity College, the Hon. Thomas Towns-
hend(4) M.A. of CJare Hall, and the Hon. Dixie Windsor(5) M.A. of
Trinity College. The votes were, Finch 221; Townshend 198; Windsor,
176.(6)

(1) London Gazette, 8 to 12 Aug. 1727; Corporation Coucher.

(2) See as to this election Monk's Life of Bentley, ii. 26L

(3) Son of Daniel Earl of Nottingham.

(4) Second son of Charles Viscount Townshend. Mr. Townshend was also chosen for the
Port of Hastings, but 15 Feb. 1727-8, made his election to serve for this University.

(5) One of the representatives of the University from 1705.

(6) The poll was printed at London in 4to. Subjoined is an analvsis : —
Electors. F. * T. W.

16 Peterhouse 7 10 9

22 Clare Hall 20 20 2

23 Pembroke Hall 0 o 23

21 Cains College 8 4 17

12 Trinity Hall 11 6 G

14 Corpus Christi College II 11 3

30 King's College 13 13 17

18 Queens' College 15 13 3

5 Catharine Hall 1 l 5

20 Jesus College U 10 10

20 Christ's College 20 16 0

58 St. John's College , 26 23 36

1 0 Magdalene College 9 9 1

59 Trinity College 43 39 17

16 Emmanuel College 3 3 13

15 Sidney College 12 II 4

18 Commorantes in Villa II 9 10

^ _221 198 176

Ninety-six electors did iiot vote.

1727] GEORGE THE SECOND, I95

The election for the town took place on the 25th of August, when
Sir John Hynde Cotton Bart., Thomas Bacon Esq., and Henry Brom-
ley(J) Esq. "vvere candidates. The two former were successful.(2) Mr.
Bromley was however elected for the county.

The Corporation went in procession to proclaim Sturbridge fair
in this order : —

The Crier in Scarlet on Horseback.

28 Petty Constables on foot.

Three Drums.

Banners and Streamers.

The grand Marshal.

Two Trumpets.

The Tovm Music (12 in number).

Two French Horns.

The Bellman in state with the stand on Horseback.

Four Serjeants at Mace on Horseback.

Head Serjeant with the great mace on Horseback.

The Town Clerk on Horseback.

The Mayor in his robes mounted on a Horse richly caprisoned,(3) led by
two footmen called red coats with white wands.

The two representatives in Parliament on Horseback.

Twelve Aldermen according to seniority on Horseback (three and three) in
their proper robes, the six seniors having their horses attended by as many
Henchmen or red-coats with wands.

The Twenty four Common Councilmen three and three according to seniority.

Eight Dispencers in their Gowns (two and two).

Four Bailiifs in their habits (two and two).

The Treasurers in their gowns.

The Gentlemen and Tradesmen of the Town.

This procession was continued annually till about 1758, when
it began to be abridged, " owing as it is said to the trouble and
charge of keeping it in a suitable condition. "(4)

At a Common Day held on the 21st of November, it was or-
dered that the Mayor and aldermen should meet in the parlour
every Thursday at three of the clock in the afternoon, "to con-
*' sider of the state of the Corporation and also about obtaining
" an Act of Parliament for the erecting & establishing a public
<' Workhouse in this Town & about ordering the Corporation Re-
" venues to be collected in a better method. "(2)

(1) Afterwards Lord Montfort.

(2) Corporation Common Day Book.

(3) The trappings of the Mayor's horse were of leather covered with black velvet with
gold fring-e and tassels thickly studded Avith brass ornaments, consisting' of gorg-ons' heads
and the following arms : Arg. on a fess double cotised Gules, 3 griffins' heads Or, (being the
arms of Sir Samuel Dashwood Lord Mayor of London, 1702.) On a ^vTcath, a griffin's head
erased Or, (being Sir Samuel's crest) and sable, a cheveron between three tuns argent, (the
arms of the Vintners' Sir Samuel's Company.) They were no doubt used at the Lord
Mayor's show in London, but whether presented to or purchased by the Corporation of
Cambridge is not known.

(4) MS. Bowtell, iv. 898.

296 GEORGE THE SECOND. [1728

1727 ^ On the lOtli of January, Edward Harley Earl of Oxford and

— J-Earl Mortimer(i) was unanimously elected High Steward of the

^^^Town,(2) in the room of Edward Russell Earl of Orford deceased.

On the 23rd of January, Henry Fiennes Clinton Earl of Lincoln

K.G. was appointed Lord Lieutenant and Gustos Rotulorum of

Cambridgeshire in the room of the Earl of Orford.(3)

1728.

On the 3rd of April, the King ordered letters patent to pass
the great seal for renewing and confirming the establishment of a
professorship of modern history in each of the Universities of
Cambridge and Oxford, and for the instructing of twenty scho-
lars in each of those Universities in modern history and modern
languages,(4) and on the 8th of April, the King continued Mr.
Samuel Harris in the professorship of modern history in this Uni-
versity.(5)

On the 24th of April, the King being at Newmarket, Dr. Lam-
bert the Vicechancellor and the Heads of Colleges waited on him
at that place to entreat him to visit the University, as he accord-
ingly did on the following day.

The subjoined letter from James BenthamC^) of Trinity College to

his mother gives a good account of the royal visit : —

Trinity College, May 1, 1728.
Honoured Mother,
Having promised to send you an account how his Majesty was entertained
by our University, I shall give you it as short as the thing will bear. — His
Majesty having signified his pleasure of favouring our University with his
Royal presence ; on Wednesday the 24th of April, his Majesty being at New-
market, the Heads of our University waited upon him, to thank him for his
intended favour, and to invite him ; which his Majesty received very graciously.
On the next day he came, attended by about 12 Peers, other Noblemen and
Gentlemen ; and was met at some distance from the Toa^ti by the Mayor and
Aldermen on horseback, dressed in their proper habits, where Mr. Recorder
made a loyal speech to him, as did also the Mayor, and then delivered up
his mace, which was immediately returned him. (7) Afterwards he was met by
all the University in their Order ; first by the Undergraduates, then by the

(1) Founder of the Harleian Library.

(2) The Earl of Oxford was not sworn into the office of High Steward till the 20th of No-
vember, 1729.

(3) Historical Register for 1728, Chronological Diary, 8. The Earl of Lincoln died Sept.
7, 1728.

(4) Vide ante, p. 182.

(5) Historical Register for 1728, Chronological Diary, pp, 21, 22.

(6) Author of the Hist. & Antiq. of Ely.

(7) The King" was conducted across Christ-College Tiecc to the entrance by Emraanuel."
— itonk, Life of Bentley, ii. 265.

1728] GEORGE THE SECOND. igj

Bachelors, &c. who made one rank, from beyond Emanuel College to the
Regent-walk ; where the Heads of the University, and all the Doctors, in
Scarlet, met him ; and first the Duke of Somerset, our Chancellor, made a
speech to him, with thanks for his Royal favour of a visit ; afterwards the
Vice-Chancellor; and after him the Public Orator. After that, his Majesty
went to the Regent-House, where he created seven and twenty Doctors ; of
other Degrees a far greater number. From thence he proceeded to King's
Chapel, to hear an anthem composed for that day; from Avhence he walked
on foot to oixr College. Our Master having made another speech to him,
he proceeded(I) to the Hall, where was a Throne built, with an ascent of
six steps, covered with blue cloth, on which was a large oval-table for him,
and a velvet chair, over which was a canopy of purple, laced with gold lace.
On each side of the Hall were scaffolds for the Ladies of the County ; and
in the middle were two tables, from one end to the other, for the Nobles and
Gentlemen that attended his Majesty, and for the Doctors. His Majesty being
placed on his Throne, there was a most splendid entertainment consisting of
about eight hundred dishes. "Whilst they were at dinner, there were drums
and trumpets playing on a scaffold erected on the opposite end to his Majesty.
Whilst he was at dinner, Dr. Bentley stood on his right hand, and discoursed
with him very freely ; after having staid there about tAvo hours, his Majesty
took leave of the University and so departed. The dinner, which cost some
hundred of pounds, was made a prey of by the Gentlemen and Ladies, as is
usual at such great entertainments.

Twelve Gentlemen Commoners, in their proper habits, waited upon the King ;
and Forty Scholars of the College, and Pensioners, upon the Noblemen.

James Bentham.(2)

His Majesty marked his satisfaction at the entertainment he had
received by a noble present of £2000. towards the completion of
the Senate House.(3)

Amongst the noble and eminent persons on whom degrees were
conferred on occasion of the King's visit, were the Dukes of Dorset,
Grafton, Newcastle, and Manchester ; the Earls of Cardigan, Scar-
borough, Essex, Cholmondeley, Grantham, and Darnley ; Lords Finch
and Clinton ; Count Nassau ; Sir Robert Walpole, and John Augus-
tus Schutz. Besides those usually entitled from their station to
honorary degrees, there were 286 other persons on whom such
degrees were conferred in honour of the royal visit. Of these 194
were on the King's list, and 92 on that of the Chancellor.(4) The
Chancellor fixed the fees payable for these degrees. (5)

At a Common Day held on the 9th of April, the Corporation had
resolved to borrow £100. of Mr. William Wendy for the reception of

(1) " Through a double line of the under-graduatcs." — Monk, Life of Beutley, ii, 266.

(2) Nichols, Literary Anecdotes of the eighteenth century, ix. S96.

(3) Monk, Life of Bentley, ii. 266.

(4) MS. Baker, xxxiii. 132-

(5) Wall, Ceremonies of the Univ. of Cauib. 333—335.

198

GEORGE THE SECOND. [1728

the King. James Whiskin the Mayor in his account makes these

charges : — •

1728. £• «• ^•

April 20.— Spent on the Kings Surveyors of the highways .040

26.— Gave King George fifty Broads 57 10 0

A Gold Purse 2 0 0

To the Kings two Grooms of the Chamber ..220

To the two Pages 2 2 0

To the two Footmen 2 2 0

To the two Grooms of the Stables 2 2 0

To the PostilUon 1 1 0(1)

On the 25th of April died John Woodward M.D., who by his
will(2) founded a Geological Professorship in this University, to
which he bequeathed a collection of fossils. Extracts from his will
are subjoined : —

My Will is, that my Executors, as soon as conveniently may be, do pur-
chase lands, tenements, and hereditaments in fee-simple, situate, lying and
being in some good part of South Britain, of the yearly value of one hundi-ed
and fifty pounds; and that after such purchase made, they do convey and
assure the same to and upon the University of Cambridge : I mean, the Chan-
cellor, Masters and Scholars of that University, for ever, in such manner and
form, and by such proper terms and conveyances, as councel learned in the
law shall for that purpose advise and direct ; the sum of one htmdred pounds
thereout to be paid yearly and every year to a Lecturer, to be chosen, for
the purpose herein-after specified, by my executors, the survivors or survivor
of them ; and from and after their decease, by the Lord Archbishop of the
province in which the said University of Cambridge is, who, it is to be pre-
sumed, besides his favouring of learning and all iiseful knowledge, wall think
himself under obligation to have special regard to this University; and, for
still the same reason, by the Lord Bishop of the diocese, in M'hich the said
University is, by the President of the College of Physicians, and by the
President of the Royal Society of London, by the two Representatives, or
Members from time to time elected and serving in Parliament for the said
University, by the whole Senate, (that is to say) the Chancellor and Vice-
Chancellor of the said University, the Provosts, Masters and Heads of the
several Colleges and Halls for the time being ; the Doctors, Masters of Arts,
and all Avho have a right of voting for Members of Parliament, representing
the said University; or a majority of the above specified illustrious and ex-
cellent persons. And it is my request to them, that in consideration of the
benefits which may thence accrue to the public, they will be pleased to take
upon them the care and guardianship hereof; and that they ■mil make choice
only of such men for reading the Lectures herein after specified and directed,
as have distinguished themselves by their learning, their virtue, their judg-
ment and great abihties. And in case that it shall happen by reason of age,
sickness, or absence from the University, the said Archbishop, Bishop, Chan-
cellor, or either of the two Members of Parliament, or of the two Presidents

(1) Corporation Common Day Book, 9 April, 1728, & 14 Oct. 1729.

(2) Dated 1 Oct, 1727.

1728] GEORGE THE SECOND. J99

above-mentioned, cannot be present and give their attendance at the time
that any election is to be made, it is my will and intention, that any of
these electors, so absent, may appoint a proxy to assist and give a vote at
that election. And I "Will that the first Lecturer be chosen as soon as may
Avell be after my decease, and that all the succeeding Lecturers be from time
to time chosen after each vacancy or removal of the predecessor or former
Lecturer, within the space of two months at farthest; the Vice-Chancellor
causing public notice to be timely given by billets fixed up in the Public
Schools, and by advertisements printed in the Gazette, or some other like au-
thentic public newspaper. And my Will is that none be chosen but bachelors,
or men that have not been married, and in case of the marriage of any of
the said Lecturers afterwards, his election shall be thereby immediately made
void, lest the care of a wife and children should take the lecturer too much
from study, and the care of the Lecture. And my Will further is, that if a
divine shall at any time happen to be a competitor with a layman for this
Lectureship, in case the latter shall be as well qualified, he shall ever have
preference of the former; not out of any disrespect to the Clergy, (for whom
I have ever had a particular regard) but because there is in this kingdom
better provision, and a much greater number of preferments for the clergy,
than for men of learning among the laity. And my Will is, that all such
Lecturers shall from time to time be further subject to such rules, orders and
directions (not interfering with those herein-after particularly specified and set
forth) as the electors, or a majority of them shall from time to time think
fit to make. And my Will is, that no one shall at any time be chosen Lec-
turer who then hath any preferment, office or post Avhatever, that shall any
ways so employ or take up his time as to interfere with his duty herein set
forth, and particu.larly that shall require his attendance out of the Univer-
sity, And in case any of the Lecturers after he is chosen shall accept of any
such preferment, office or post, his election shall be thereby made void, and
another chosen in his room. And it is further my intent and meaning, and
I do hereby Will and order, that such Lectvxrer from time to time so to be
appointed and chosen by my executors, the survivors and survivor of them
so long as any of them shall be living, and afterwards to be chosen by a
majority of those excellent and illustrious persons above-mentioned, shall re-
side in the said University of Cambridge, and never be absent from the same
above the space of two months in the year, and those to be in the long va-
cation in the summer. And that the said Lecturer shall there read at least
four Lectures every year, at such times and in such place of the said Uni-
versity as the majority of the said electors should appoint, on some one or
other of the subjects treated of in my Natural History of the Earth, my De-
fence of it against Dr. Camerarius, my Discourse of Vegetation, or my State
of Physick, at his discretion ; but in such language, A'iz. English or Latin,
as shall be appointed from time to time by the Chancellor, Vice-Chancellor,
Provosts and Masters of the several Colleges and Halls belonging to the said
University, the said Lectures, or at least one of them, at the Lecturer's own
free choice and election, to be published in print every year.

Item, I give and bequeath my original Collection of English Fossils, con-
tained in two of my Cabinets marked with the several letters A. and B. and
also the said two Cabinets with the Catalogues of the said Fossils, which I
have drawn up, to the said University of Cambridge. And my Will is, that
as soon as may well be after my Decease, my executors or the survivor of
them, do cause and procure the same to be lodged and vcpnsitod in such pro-

goo GEORGE THE SECOND. [1728

per Room or Apartment as shall be allotted by the said University, to the
satisfaction of ray executors or the survivor of them. And my Will further
is, that the said Lecturer from time to time to be chosen, shall have the care
and custody of all the said Fossils, and the catalogues of them, and that he
do live and reside in or near the said apartment so to be allotted for repo-
siting the said Fossils as above-mentioned in the said University ; and that
he be actually ready and attending in the room where they are reposited,
from the hour of nine of the clock in the morning to eleven, and again from
the hour of two in the afternoon till four, three days in every week (except
during the two months in the long Vacation, wherein he is allowed to be
absent as above mentioned) to shew the said Fossils gratis, to all such curious
and intelligent persons as shall desire a view of them, for their information
and instruction ; and that he himself shall be always present when they are
shewn, and take care that none of the said Fossils are mutilated or lost.
And I desire the said Chancellor, Vice-Chancellor, Provosts and Masters of
the several Colleges and Halls, or a majority of them, that before the admis-
sion of every Lecturer, and likewise afterwards once every year, they do ap-
point two discreet and careful persons Avho shall inspect and examine the said
Collection of Fossils, and compare them with the catalogues ; of which I "Will,
that besides those to be kept by the Lecturer, there be copies reposited in
the Public Library of the said University, for greater security, that the said
Fossils be preserved with due care and faithfulness ; and that the said two
persons to be appointed to inspect and examine the same, shall give under
their hand a report of their examination thereof, their comparing them with
the said catalogues, and the state and condition in which they are kept, and
whether any of them are lost or mutilated : for which their care and trouble,
I desire and direct that five pounds a piece be annually paid them out of the
estate in fee above directed, to be purchased and conveyed to the uses and
trusts of this my Will. And to the end that the said Fossils may be pre-
served and kept with the greater care and faithfulness, it is my Will, that
the Lecturer and keeper of them from time to time shall before his admission
give such security as my executors and the survivor of them, and after the
decease of such survivor, the succeeding electors shall think proper. And
I further Will that the sum of ten pounds shall be yearly and every year
paid to the Lecturer above-mentioned, out of the rents of the said estate in
fee, to be laid out and employed by him, from time to time, in making ob-
servations and experiments, keeping correspondence with learned men on the
subjects directed to be treated of in the Lectures, and in procuring additions
to the Collections of Fossils, or in which of them each Lecturer for the time
being shall think fit ; he rendering annually to such of the electors as shall
be in the University an account in writing in which of the ways the said
sum of ten pounds hath been employed and disbursed. Ai^D I further Will
and direct, that out of the annual rents of the said estate in fee, the simi
of ten pounds annually for ever be appropriated and allowed for Dinner on
the first day of May ; or if this fall on a Sunday, then on the second day of
May, for the said Lecturer, two Inspectors, or Examiners, and the said Chan-
cellor, Vice-Chancellor, Provost, and Masters of the said Colleges and Halls
of the said University ; to the end that they may then consider of methods
to improve the design and use of the said donation by me hereby made.
And I greatly wish that these things that are of so much use and import-
ance, and which I have with great diligence and expence collected, may by
this settlement, the care of the electors, and the diligence of the Lecturer,

1728] GEORGE THE SECOND. ^QJ

be made serviceable to the setting forth the wisdom of God in the works of
Nature ; to the advancement of useful knowledge, and to the profit and benefit
of the public. And it is my further Will and intention, that the surplus and
residue of the annual rents of the said estate in fee, after the salary to the
Lecturer, the ten pounds per annum to the two inspectors or examiners, the
ten pounds per annum for correspondents and experiments, and the ten pounds
per annum for the dinner first paid and satisfied ; I say that all the surplus
and residue of the said annual rents shall go and belong to the said Univer-
sity for ever, for the payment of taxes, or any other necessary contingencies.
But in case any surphis should remain, after such taxes and contingencies
paid, that then such surplus be disposed of yearly and every year, in such
manner as the said University shall think fit: but in hopes, that for the
honour of the University, and the benefit that will thence accrue to the
public, if the design of this donation be rightly carried on; that the said
University will be pleased to dispose of the said residue in making experi-
ments and observations, in correspondence, in natural collections, books, or
other things that may serve to the promoting the good ends of this donation.
But in case the said taxes should at any time amount to more than the
said sum of twenty pounds, being the residue of the said sum of one hun-
dred and fifty pounds hereby bequeathed to the said University; then my
Will and intention is, that the Lecturer shall pay such overplus of the said
taxes out of his said salary. And further it is my will and intention, that
any Lecturer not doing his duty, and acquitting himself rightly to their
satisfaction, shall be removable at the discretion of the electors or the ma-
jority of them, and another chosen in his place ; his salary to commence from
the quarter-day next ensuing the death or removal of his predecessor. And
I do hereby order, will and direct that the above-mentioned salary of one
hundred pounds per annum, herein-before limited and appointed as a provi-
sion for the said Lecturer, be paid and satisfied to him from time to time
by four even quarterly payments, at and upon the four usual feast days or
days of payment in the year ; (that is to say) the Feast of the Annunciation
of the Blessed Virgin Mary, the Nativity of St. John the Baptist, the Feast
of Saint Michael the Archangel, and the Nativity of Christ; and in case of
default of payment of the said sum of one hundred pounds per annum, for
his salary, and the sum of ten pounds per annum, for the uses above-men-
tioned out of the said lands, or estate so purchased and conveyed as above
specified, to the Lecturer to whom it shall become due, by the space of six
months after any of the days of payment whereon it is directed to be paid
as aforesaid : it shall and may be lawful for that Lecturer to distrain for
such arrears of his said salary : and if there be not sufficient by such dis-
tress to pay himself the said arrears, that he shall and may sue for them,
and enter upon the said estate settled for support of the Lecturer, and hold
and keep the same till his arrears be paid, or till he accept another place
or office or be absent from the University, or neglect to read or print the
Lectures as is herein for that purpose particularly specified.

The University empowered the Vicechancellor to purchase Dr.
Woodward's foreign fossils for a sum not exceeding £1, 000.(0 This
purchase was immediately made.

Conyers Middleton D.D. of Trinity College, was appointed the first
Woodwardian Professor.

(1) Grace 26 Feb. 1728-9.
VOL. IV. C C

202 GEORGE THE SECOND. [172S

In Trinity Term, the University claimed conusance of an action
in the King's Bench, between Paternoster and Graham, but it was
denied on account of the chaim not being entered on a roll and
there not being an affidavit in verification of the certificate of the
Chancellor that the parties were of the University. (i)

On the 12th of June, there was a contest for one of the vintner-
ships of the University between John Bacon and Thomas Whitstones.
Each party claimed the majority of legal votes and the Vicechan-
cellor admitted the latter, whereupon Bacon and his adherents peti-
tioned the King, who referred the dispute to a committee of the
Privy Council, whose proceedings are subjoined: —
July 25, 1728.
At the Covkt at Hampton Court.
Present,
The King's most Excellent Majesty,
Archbishop or CANTERBur>,Y, Earl of Hallifax,

Lord Chancellor, Earl of Sussex,

Lord President, Tiscount Townshend,

Lord Stevv'ard, Yiscount Torrington,

Lord Chamberlain, Mi". Treas^". of the Household,

Duke of Neavcastle, Lord Finch, Comptroller,

Earl or Scarborough, INP". Chancellor of the Excheouer,

Earl of Grantham, Lord Chief Justice Eyre,

Earl op Portmore, Lieuten^, General of the Ordnance,

Earl of Ilay, Henry Pelham Esquire.

Earl of Uxbridge,

Upon reading this day at the board a report from the lords of the com-
mittee of his majesty's most honourable privy coimcil dated the 16th of this
instant in the words following viz.

In obedience to your majesty's orders in coiincil of the 19th of last month
referring imto this committee the humble petition of the several heads of
colleges doctors and masters of the university of Cambridge whose names are
thereunto subscribed and likewise the humble petition of John Bacon of Cam-
bridge in the county of Cambridge their lordships this day took the said
petitions into consideration which set forth that on Wednesday the 12th of
June last the said John Bacon was duly chosen a vintner for the said university
of Cambridge by a majority of legal and statutable votes but that notwith-
standing the said choice Dr. Lambert the vice-chancellor had ordered Thomas
Whitstones to be declared duly elected vintner of the said university to the
manifest prejudice of the rights and privileges of the members of the said
university and therefore they pray such relief in the premisses as to your
majesty's royal justice and wisdom should seem meet. And their lordships
having thereupon heard the petitioners by their counsel learned in the law and
also counsel in behalf of Doctor Lambert the vice-chancellor and the said
Thomas Whitstones and having considered of the several statutes and graces
made by the said university of Cambridge for the better regulating elections

(1) Strangc's Tveports, ii. 810.

1728] GEOllGE THE SECOND. g03

in the said university do find that in the year 1698 the following grace Avas
unanimously made by that university viz. Cum ortce sscpius ob controversum
suffragiorum jn.s oft'cnsjc litesque gravissimce ccrtius aliquid de iis statui pos-
tularc videantur placeat vobis ut nulli aut theologian baccalaurei aut artium
magistri sive in propriis sive in conductis adibus sive in collegio aliquo com-
morantes atque ibidem in tabulis nomina sua bona fide non habentes apud vos
in posterum jure sufFragii fruantur nisi qui per sponsores idoneos a domino
procancellario coram academic registrario approbandos omnia exercitia gradui
et facultati suis competentia turn in templo beatai Marise turn in scholis pub-
licis se pranstare polliccntur neque ad hoc jus admittantur nisi peracto inte-
gro trium mensium spatio post datam domino procancellario hac in re fidem
utque hajc gratia vestra legis vigorem obtineat et procuratorum libris inscri-
batur.C I )

And it being admitted on both sides that if the said grace was to be re-
garded as valid and ought to have been observed at the said election of a
vintner the majority of votes Avould fall upon Mr, Bacon their lordships pro-
ceeded to a particular consideration of the said grace: and \ipon hearing -what
was alledged on all sides their lordships do agree humbly to report as their
opinion that the said grace is very just and reasonable and ought to have
been regarded as good and valid and that the vice-chancellor pursuant thereto
ought to have ordered the said John Bacon to be declared duly elected and
to have affixed the university seal to the appointment of the said John Bacon
to be a vintner of the said university in such manner as is usual on the like
occasions.

His majesty in council taking the said report into consideration was
pleased to approve and confirm the same and to order as it is hereby ordered
that Dr. Lambert vice-chancellor of the university of Cambridge do cause the
said John Bacon to be declared duly elected vintner of the said university and
the university seal to be affixed to an appointment of the said John Bacon to
be vintner of the said uariversity in such manner as hath been usual on the
like occasions.

Edward Southwell.C-)

In December, Henry West bell ringer of King's College, was crush-
ed to deatb by one of the five great bells of that college.(3)

The population of Cambridge at this period is stated to have been
as follows : —

St. Giles 5iQ

St. Mary the Great ... 720
St. Mary the Less ... 280

St. Michael 307

St. Peter 270

Holy Sepulchre 360

Holy Trinity 700

C422.4)

(1) Vide ante, p. 41.

(2) Stat. Acad. Cantab. i\ 314.

(3) MS. Cole, xii. 75.

(4) MS. Bowtell, iii. 3:5, (from M.ista-&' intfrkaved copy tf Elouie.leLi's Collectanea and
Dr. Wari-en's notes.)

All Saints

. 522

St. Andrew the Great .

. 480

St. Andrew the Less

. 181

St. Benedict . . . .

. 455

St. Botoiph

. 500

St. Clement

. 459

St. Edward

. 648

204: GEORGE THE SECOND. [1729

1728 "i On the 10th of March, the following decree was made by the Vice-

— /chancellor and Heads : —
29 I

Whereas many and grievous complaints have been made unto lis the vice-
chancellor and heads of colleges in this university of scholars and students
frequenting taverns and other publick houses and there continuing till either
by unseasonable hours or great intemperance many disorders and tumults have
arisen to the manifest scandal of the university the destruction of all good
order and discipline and to the great and sometimes irreparable injury of
persons educated amongst us ; for the prevention of any such disorders for
the future we the vice-chancellor and heads whose names are hereunder written
as by statute empowered do order and decree

That if any scholar shall at any time resort to any tavern or other publick
house otherwise than the statutes do allow, he shall forfeit one shilling and
eight pence if after the statutable time of locking the gates three shillings
and four pence if at a more unseasonable hour or disordered in liquor he shall
beside the other penalties be admonished by the vice-chancellor which admo-
nition shall be entered in a book kept for that purpose and after three ad-
monitions shall be expelled.

Any number of scholars under pretence of being of the same year school
or county or otherways assembling together at any publick house shall upon
conviction thereof beside the former penalty of three shillings and four pence
be suspended from taking any degree till one whole year after the usual time
of taking the same.

If any member of the vmiversity of what degree soever shall by any pre-
tended power or authority offer to cover or protect any scholars from the
inspection or correction of the proctor in any publick house or if he himself
at the instance of the proctor or his repeated admonition shall not civilly
depart he shall be looked upon as a contemner of discipline and contumacious
and be proceeded against accordingly.

As we do expect of the proctors that they be diligent in executing this
decree so we for our parts are steadily resolved by shutting the college gates
at the statutable hours and by all other proper methods to preserve the disci-
pline of our respective colleges.

J. Frankland, procan. Wm, Savage.

Tho. Richardsox. Tho. Crosse.

C. AsHTOX. R. Lambert.

A. Snape. Matt. Mawsox.

Tho, Gooch. C Morgan.(I)

J. Davies.

1729.

The Indemnity Act which received the royal assent on the 14th of
May, contains a clause reciting the provision of the Act of Unifor-
mity requiring ail Masters, fellows, chaplains and tutors, of or in
any College, Hall, House of Learning or Hospital, and every public
professor and reader in any of the Universities to take and subscribe

(1) Stat. Acad. Cantab, p. 510.

An inaccurate copy of the above decree is given in Dver's Privileges of Univ. of Cauib, i.
341.

1729] GEORGE THE SECOND. 205

the declaration therein mentioned ;(i) and that several persons had
through inadvertency omitted to subscribe the said declaration, and
had thereby incurred the penalties inflicted by the recited act.
Therefore for the relief of such Masters, fellows, &c., it was enacted
that all and every the Masters, fellows, chaplains and tutors, of or
in any College, Hall, House of Learning or Hospital, and every
public professor and reader in any of the Universities, who had neg-
lected or omitted to subscribe the said declaration, or should before
the twenty-fifth day of December, 1729, take and subscribe the said
declaration before such person, and in such manner as required by the
said act, should be and was thereby indemnified from all forfeitures?
disabilities and incapacities inflicted by the said act, and should be
restored to their respective Headships, fellowships, professor's places
and reader's places : Provided, that this act should not extend to
restore any such person or persons to any Headship, fellowship,
professor's place, or reader's place, who through such neglect or
omission as aforesaid had forfeited the same, and which was then
filled up or enjoyed by any other person or persons. (2)

On the 16th of August, the Corporation made the following
order : —

An Ordeu for the registering and regulating the prices of hackney
coaches at Sturbridge fair.
"Whereas as well by immemorial prescription and usage as also by several
charters, and in particular by a charter granted by her late Majesty Queen
Elizabeth at Drayton on the 15th day of August in the 31st year of her reign(3)
the mayor bailiffs and burgesses of the town of Cambridge are seised of the
fair called Sturbridge Fair, beginning annually on the feast of Saint Bartho-
lomew the Apostle and continuing till Michaelmas day, and are empowered to
make orders rules and bye laws for the peaceable quiet and good government
of the said fair and for fixing and appointing stations and shops for all mer-
chants and tradesmen coming to the said fair, and for the better governing
and ordering of persons coming to and using or occupying any business within
the said fair as to their affairs and business there. And whereas in pur-
suance and by virtue of such immemorial prescription usage and charters the
said mayor bailiffs and burgesses have from time to time taken on themselves
the regulation of hackney coaches coming to the said fair and did heretofore
take a toll of 6s. from each coach coming to the said fair, which of late years they
have omitted to receive in consideration of the great expenses of such hackney
coachmen coming to the said fair, and did order appoint and establish the prices
to be taken by all coachmen coming to the said fair, and there tendering them-
selves to carry passengers and persons from the town of Cambridge to the said
fair, and from the said fair to the town of Cambridge, at the price or sum of 3d.
to be taken from every passenger or person to bo carried from the said town of

(1) Vide Vol. iii. p. 499.

(2) Stat. 2 Geo.II. c. 31,s. 8,

(3) Vide Vol. ii. p. 4G7.

206 GEORGE THE SECOND. [1729-30

Cambridge to the said fair, or from the said fair to the town of Cambridge.(l)
And whereas several of the coachmen attending the said fair have complained
that the allowance of three pence a passenger was not a sufficient recompence
for their labour, and great complaints have also been made of the extravagant
and exorbitant demands made by the coachmen in wet seasons and in the
night time. Now to the intent to remedy all the said inconveniences and
effectually to prevent all abuses of this sort for the future, the said mayor
bailiffs and burgesses by virtue of the power reposed in them by the said
immemorial prescription usage and charters, Do hereby order, direct and
APPOINT, that every coachman coming to the said fair shall, before he presumes
to carry any passengers to or from the said fair, apply to the mayor of the
said town for the time being from whom they shall receive a seal and number
to be fixed upon each of their coaches chaises or chariots, and who shall
also register the names of every coachman coming to the said fair with the
numbers set upon their coaches chaises or chariots, for which seal and re-
gister they shall pay sixpence and no more. And the said mayor bailiffs and
burgesses. Do hereby order and appoint and establish, the prices to be
taken by every coachman coming to the said fair so registered and offering
to carry any passengers or persons from the said town of Cambridge to the
said fair, or from the said fair to the said town of Cambridge, to be sixpence
and no more, for every passenger every day during the said fair, all the day
time until nine of the clock at night, and after nine of the o'clock at night
to be one shilling for every passenger, and no more. And the said mayor
bailiffs and burgesses, do hereby further order direct and appoint that in
case any coachman or other person driving a coach chaise or chariot, or
any concerning himself in driving managing or attending a coach chaise or
chariot, driving from the said town of Cambridge to the said fair, or from
the said fair to the said tOAvn of Cambridge, shall presume to drive a coach
chaise or chariot before the same is registered, or shall ask demand or
take from any passenger or person going or offering to go from the said
town of Cambridge to the said fair, or from the said fair to the said town
of Cambridge, more than sixpence in the day time and until nine of the
clock at night, every person so driving to or from the said fair, before his
coach chaise or chariot is registered, or asking demanding or taking more
than the prices aforesaid, shall for every such offence forfeit and pay to the
mayor bailiffs and burgesses of the said town the sum of 40s, to be re-
covered in any of His Majesty's Courts of Record at Westminster, by an
action at the suit of the mayor bailiffs and burgesses of the said tOAvn.(-)

There vras a contest for the office of Vicechancellor between Robert
Lambert D.D. Master of St. John's College, and Matthias Mawson
D.D.(3) Master of Corpus Christ! College. The former was elected,
the votes being Dr. Lambert 84 ; Dr. Mawson 83.(4)
1729 "j On the 18th ol February, was presented to the House of Com-
~~ I mons, a petition of di^ ers of the principal gentlemen, freeholders,
and inhabitants of the county of Cambridge, and also a petition of

(1) Vide Vol. iii. p. 64J.

(2) Corporation Common Day Book.

(3) AftervarJs Bishop of Ely.

(4) Monk, Life of Beiitk-y, ii. 2J3; Masters, Hist, of Corp. Car. Coll. eel. Lamb, 230.

1729-30] GEORGE THE SECOND. 201

divers of tlic principal inhabitants within the University and Town
of Cambridge; "setting forth, that in the year 1724, an Ac* of Par-
" liament was obtained, for repairing the Roads leading from Stump
" Cross, in the County of Essex, to Newmarket Heath, and also to
" the Town of Cambridge ; and, pursuant thereto, Turnpikes were
" immediately erected on the said Road, and Tolls collected of all
"Passengers: That in the year 1725 an Act was obtained, for re-
" pairing Part of tlie great and ancient Road from London to Cam-
" bridge, beginning at the End of the Parish of Foulmire, in the said
" County, next to Barly, in Ihe County of H'^rtford, and ending at
" the Pavement in Trumpington Street in tb.; Town of Cambridge;
" and, pursuant to that Act, a Turnpike was erected at Hawk-
" ston, about Throe Miles from Cambridge, in the Road to Foul-
" mire, by means whereof that Road, leading from Cambridge to
" Foulmire, will in a short time be made very good : That the
" Commissioners, appointed by the first-mentioned Act, for repairing
" the Roads from Stump Cross, have lately, under a general Clause
" in that Act, erected a Turnpike at the End of Trumpington
" Street in the Town of Cambridge, on the great Road to Lon-
" don through Foulmire, so that all Persons travelling that Road,
" pay the Tolls, appointed to be paid only by Persons travelling
" the Stump Cross Road, notwithstanding they travel only the great
" Road through Foulmire to London, and accordingly pay at the
" Turnpike erected at PLawkston, for repairing the said great Road
" to London ; which, the Petitioners represent as grievous ; for tliat
" the Road from Cambridge to Stump Cross severs from the great
" Pcoad to London in a Mile, or thereabouts, from the End of Trump-
" ington Street, w^hich Mile is, and has been for many Years, in good
" Repair, and, if it was not, the Money, raised by the Turnpike at
" Hawkston, is sufficient to repair the same, without this additional
" Load of a Double Payment; and for that the Turnpike at Trump-
" ington Street End is so placed, as to make all Persons, going out
" of the Town's End, pay, although they travel neither of the said
" Roads to Stump Cross or Foulmire, and go out only on the neces-
" sary Occasion even of watering their Cattle : And therefore praying
" such Relief from the Imposition laid on them, by erecting the said
" Turnpike on the great London Road at Trumpington Street End
'* by virtue of the Act, obtained for repairing the Stump Cross Road,
" as the House shall think fit." It was ordered, that these petitions
should be referred to a committee.(i) On the 13th of March, a

(1) Commons' Jovirnals, xxi. -145, 4 16.

g08 GEORGE THE SECOND. [1730

report from this committee was brought up and leave was given
to bring in a bill to explain and amend the Stump Cross and Foul-
mire Road Acts, the numbers on a division being, ayes 138, noes
107.(1) The second reading was carried in the Commons,(2) by IQO
against 91.(3) After much opposition in the Commons,(4) the bill
passed that House. It also passed the Lords and received(5) the
royal assent.

1730.

On the 8th of May, Henry Bromley (6) Esq. of Horseheath, was
appointed Lieutenant of Cambridgeshire.(~)

There was a public Commencement this year, on occasion of the
opening of the new Regent House or Senate House.(8) The music
speech was composed and spoken by John Taylor, M.A. fellow of
St. John's College. He also wrote an Ode for Music on opening
the new Regent House, but this it seems was not performed. On
Monday, July the 6th, was performed in the Senate House, Pope's
Ode on Saint Cecilia's Day, set to music by Maurice Greene Mus.D.,
who also composed two anthems performed at Great St. Mary's on
the Commencement Sunday. (9) Since this period a grace for dispens-
ing with the solemnities of a public commencement has been annually
passed. (10)

In Michaelmas Term, the University claimed conusance of an ac-
tion of replevin pending in the Common Pleas by Chapman against
Wish an officer of the University. It was objected that conusance
could not be claimed in that particular species of action, and the
Court inclined to this opinion, but adjourned the consideration of
the case to a subsequent term, when the claim was disallowed on
the ground that the grant of conusance was to the Chancellor

(1) Commons' Journals, xxi. 4'J8.

(2) 9 April, 1730.

(3) Commons' Journals, xxi. 537.

(4) Ibid. 541, 54G, 557, 562, 563.

(5) 15 May, 1730.

(6) Afterwards Lord Montfort.

(7) Historical Register for 1730, Chronolog-ical Diary, 36.

(8) Vide ante, pp. 163, 169. The Vicechancellor published the following notice on the 18th
of June: — " W^hereas complaint has been made of numbers of Scholai's going into the New
" Senate-house to the very great hindrance of the work for the public Commencement, I do
" HEiiEBY strictly charge and forbid all Scholars from going there, and if any presume to
" the contrary, he shall upon notice be punished for contempt and violation of this Order."

" E. Lambert, Vice-Chancellor."
—Carter, Hist. Univ. of Camb, 11,

(9) Monk, Life of Bentley, ii. 294 ; jS'ichols, Literary Anecdotes, iv. 533.
(10) Gunning, Ceremonies of the Univ. of Camb, 117.

1731] GEORGE THE SECOND. gQQ

Masters and Scholars, and the claim was of a conusance to he al-
lowed to the Chancellor or his deputy. (U

1731.

On the 6th of August, a grace passed the senate for depriving of
all degrees and privileges Philip Nichols (2) LL.D., late fellow of
Trinity Hall, who had been guilty of stealing valuable books out
of St. John's College Library and elsewhere.C'^)

On the 30th of September, there was a great fire at Barnwell,
which raged with excessive fury for five hours, destroying about
fifty dwelling houses, with many stacks of corn and hay, barns
filled with corn and stables with cattle. The whole place was con-
sumed except the church and six houses. The fierceness of the fire
was so great that it destroyed even the fire-engine. This was the
third conflagration in that place within twenty-five years. A sub-
scription was immediately set on foot for the sufferers. (4) The Duke
of Bedford and the Earl of Oxford gave 50 guineas each. Sir J. H.
Cotton 45 guineas, Thomas Sclater Bacon, Esq. £40., Sir Robert
Walpole, Lord Walpole, Samuel Shepheard, Esq., the Hon. Thomas
Bromley and Sir William Willis 30 guineas each, and Sir Thomas
Hatton ten guineas. The fire broke out about eleven in the fore-
noon, in an outhouse belonging to the Black Swan.(5)

The following bye-law was made at a Common Day held on the
12th of October:—

Whereas great inconveniences have in time past, and daily do occur, to the
prejudice of the peace and tranquility of this corporation, as well as the in-
juring of the rights and privileges of every free burgess and the decrease of
the estate and revenues of the same, by false claims and rights of freedom by
service and indenture, Therefore for the better preserving the interest of every
free burgess, and the prevention of frauds and practices for the future. It is
THIS DAY ORDERED and agreed that all the ancient orders, rules, and pre-
scriptions be revived and put in force, •whereby all persons serving an appren-
ticeship of seven years to a free burgess, and not registering their indentures,

(1) Fitzg-ibboii's Reports, 153, 295.

(2) This dissolute and dishonest person ^vho Avas originally of Brasenose CoUeg-e, Oxford,
(where he graduated as M.A. in 1722), Avas deprived of his fellowship at Trinity Hall, on the
4th of August, for various misdemeanors. From the instrument of deprivation it appears
that lie purloined books from the libraries of the University and Trinity College as well as
from 8t. John's. He was appointed fellow of Trinity Hall, by the Master, Sir Nathaniel
Lloyd, who left a sum of money to the College to repair the disgrace he had brought on the
Society. — Sir Egerton Brydgcs, Ecstituta, iii. 221 ; Gentleman's Magazine, i. 351 ; Gray's
W' orks, ed. Mitford, iv. 84.

(3) MS. Baker, xxxiv. 453.

(4) This subscription originated at the monthly meeting cf the gentlemen of the county
held 0)1 the following day, at the Falcon Inn, in the Petty Cury.

(5) MS. Bowtell, iv.831; Suffolk Mercury or Bury Tost, 11 Oct. irsi; Cent'eman's Ma-
gazine, i. 405, 417.

glO GEORGE THE SECOND. [1731

shall absolutely lose all claim and benefit thereof. And for the better confinn-
ing and establishing the same, It is this day ordered that from henceforth
and for ever hereafter, no person or persons shall have any claim or pretence
whatsoever to the freedom of this town whose indentures are not produced at
some Common Day, and registered in open court by the town clerk, or his
deputy, of this town, within six months after such biiiJing to a free b*irgess.
And it is hereby further declared that all claims and indentures that are now
made either for past or present services, shall be brought forth and presented
to the Mayor and Aldermen at some of the Common Days to be holden for
this town before the twenty-ninth day of September next ensuing, to be re-
gistered, for which entry or register only sixpence shall be paid to the to-\vn
clerk. And it is unanimously agreed that whosoever shall neglect to comply
with this order, shall lose and forfeit all claim and benefit of all freedom and
burgesship of this corporation, with the rights, privileges and immunities
thereunto belonging or appertaining.

That this order may be universally known, it is agreed that the same be
read every Common Day till the said twenty-ninth day of September next.(l)

On the 27th of October, Francis Stephen Duke of Lorraine, after-
wards Emperor of Germany by the title of Francis the First, ac-
companied by Count Kinski and several English noblemen, came
from Newmarket to Cambridge, and having seen every thing that
was curious in the University, returned to Newmarket the same
day.(2)

On the 6th of November, the commissioners of pontage taxed the
lands chargeable to the repair of the Great Bridge, after the rate of
£3. 155. a hide. The commissioners at this period were Charles
Duke of Somerset, Wriothesley Duke of Bedford, Edward Earl of
Oxford and Mortimer High Steward of the Town, Matthias Maw-
son D.D. Vicechancellor, Guy Sindrey gent. Mayor, Samuel Gatward
Esq. Recorder, Sir Thomas Hatton, Sir John Hinde Cotton, Sir Wil-
liam Willys, Sir Robert Clarke, Sir Francis Whichcott, baronets ; Sir
Charles Wager knt., Sir Nathaniel Lloyd knt. LL.D., Charles Ashton,
Thomas Richardson, Daniel Waterland, Richard Bentley, Thomas
Gooch, John Davis, Thomas Cross, William Towers, Doctors in Di-
vinity; Thomas Bacon, Henry Bromley, Samuel Shepheard, Granado
Piggott, Jacob Butler, Gregory Wale, William Eversden, William
Underwood, esquires ; Thomas Fowle, John Carrington, James Whis-
kin, Charles Filkins, William Chambers, Thomas Nutting, Thomas
Pretlove, John Newling, William Ward, aldermen ; Thomas Ewin,
John Sparke, Thomas Dent, John Lancaster, and John Wrangle,
gentlemen.(3)

(1) Corporation Order Book.

(2) Gentleman's Magazine, i. 448, 498; MS. Bowtell, vii. 2792.

(3) Pontage Book, 149, 157 ; Corporation Cross Book, 240.

1732] GEORGE THE SECOND. 21 1

On the 16th of December, a grace passed requiring the exercises
of questionists and sophisters to be performed in Lent term, on the
same days and in the same form as in the terms after Easter and
Michaehnas. Lent term " for many years had been a time of great
" disorder by reason of divers undue Liberties taken by the younger
" Scholars, an Evil that had been much complained of; and all Ex-
" ercise had either been neglected, or performed in a trifling, ludi-
" crous manner. "(1)

1732.

In the beginning of April "A riot happened at Cambridge, on the
'' taking up a corpse out of the churchyard of a neighbouring village,
" to be dissected. It being carried into Emmanuel college, Mr. Pern,
" a justice of peace, granted his warrant to search the college for
*' it : the constables broke into the college, but did not find the
" body. "(2)

" The practice of digging up human Bodies in the Church-Yards
" of this Town and the neighbouring Villages, and the carrying
" them into Colleges to be dissected, which became more common
" than usual about this time, although to the no small offence of
" all serious People, was now provided against, it having been here-
" tofore omitted ; and the Disturbances, which this scandalous Prac-
<' tice caused between the Scholars and Inhabitants, prevented. "(3)
The following grace passed the Senate on the 9th of May : —

Cum sepultorum cadavera e coemeteriis sa?pius furtim surrepta fuerint ad
gravem plurimorum ofFensionem

Placeat vobis ut quisquis in posterum e coemeterio cadaver aliquod surri-
puerit vel ita svirreptum celaverit infra limites academise postquam legitime
convictus fuerit coram procancellario si scholaris sit nondum graduatus sus-
pendatur a gradu capessendo per biennium ultra consuetum tempus si vero
sit graduatus gradu suo privetur sin scholarium gdudeat privilegio in perpetuum
privilegium suum amittat.{4)

An Act relating to the qualification of Justices of the Peace,
which received the royal assent on the 1st of June, contains this
clause : —

Provided always, That tliis Act, nor any Thing herein 'contained, shall
extend or be construed to extend to any of the Heads of Colleges or t tails in
either of the two Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, but that thoy may be

(1) Stat. Acad. Cantab, p. 417; Masters, Ilist. of Corp. Chr. Coll. 1%.

(2) Wade, British Chronology, 3rd edit. 402.

(3) Masters, Hist, of Corpus Chr. Coll. 1%.
(•I) Stat. Acad. Cantab, p. 417.

21^ GEORGE THE SECOND. [1732-33

Justices of the Peace of and in the several Counties of Oxford, Berks, and
Cambridge, and the Cities and Towns within the same, and execute the Office
thereof as fully and freely in all Respects, as heretofore they have lawfully used
to execute the same, as if this Act had never been made ; any Thing herein-
before contained to the contrary notwithstanding.(l)

By a grace wliicli passed the Senate on the 10th of October,(2)
" the Penalty annexed to the Old Statute, that restrained young
" Scholars from removing from one College to another without the
" leave of their Governors and a Testimonial of their good Be-
" haviour, was augmented from 405. to 10/. The former Sura, al-
" though more than equal to the latter at the time of making the
" Statute, yet since the decrease in the value of Money, was found
" by no means sufficient to answer the end it was designed for,
" viz. securing obedience to the local Statutes of the respective
" Colleges. Young Scholars and Gentlemen of Fortunes more
" especially disregarding so inconsiderable a Penalty, to gratify a
" fickle and wanton disposition, or to avoid censure, used fre-
" quently to leave the Societies into which they were at first ad-
" mitted, and remove to such others as would receive them, where
" they hoped to enjoy more Liberty, and live under a less strict
" Discipline. This has been found to have had a good effect."(3)
1732 ^ On the 30th of January, the following order relating to Hob-
— \ son's Workhouse or the Spinning House was made by the Vice-
^ chancellor. Mayor, and others : —

Town of Cambridge. ) At the Workhouse in the said town the 30th Janu-
1 ary, 1732.
It is this day agreed and ordered by Charles Morgan D.D, Vice Chan-
cellor of the University of Cambridge and Samuel Belcher Mayor of the said
Town of Cambridge, with the advice of their Assistants whose names are
hereunto set, that Joseph Halstead of Cambridge Apothecary shall be Governor
of the Workhouse and House of Correction belonging to the said Town of
Cambridge for the space of 3 years from the date hereof, and to have a salary
of £30 yearly during the said term, to be paid by the treasurer of the rents
and profits of the said workhouse at equal quarterly payments, and to be
freed of all manner of rates during the said term. Provided always that
the said Joseph Halstead or his deputy do constantly during all the said
term provide wool for the combers of the said town not exceeding the num-
ber of fi.ve, and spinning and weaving work for all the spinners and weavers,
and all the poor of the said town and liberties thereof that shall come and
desire work of him or hi^ deputy during all the said term, and duly and
honestly pay them for their work at the rates and prices that are usually paid
by others, and provide a sufficient deputy to keep the House of Correction, and

(1) Stat, 5 Geo. II. c. 18, s. 7.

(2) Stat. Acad. Cantab, p. 418.

(3) Masters, Hist, of Corp. Chr. Coll. 196.

1733-34], GEORGE THE SECOND. 213

hemp to beat, and do and perform all things as shall be required by any
Justice of the Peace of the said to^-n, for setting the poor to work and
punishing of lewd and idle persons, and maintain and keep all the %\dndows
usually glazed with sufficient glass and glazing, and in the end of the said
term deliver up all such goods and utensils as do properly belong to the said
Workhouse and House of Correction, otherwise his said salary to be with-
drawn and this order to be void and of none effect. And moreover it is
ordered that the said Joseph Halstead shall continue the £200 of the work-
house money for a year, paying £4 for £100 thereof, he g'n'ui-^ bonds for the
same with John Halstead his security, and likewise to give the same security
to the Mayor and Aldermen of this Town for the twenty pounds given by Dr.
James.

C. MoRGAx Vice Chancellor, Chester Perx,
Saml. Belcher Mayor, John Carri: gton,

Jo. Kettle, James "VVhiskin.(I)

1733.

In September, there was a dispute between the University and

the Corporation as to the right to weigh hops in Sturbridge fair,

as there had been in several previous years. The matter was

referred to the Commissary of the University and the Recorder of

the Town, who decided in favour of the University. A paper on

the subject was drawn up and published by Thomas Johnson of

Magdalene College one of the taxors.(2)

There was a contest at the election of Vicechancellor between

Dr. Roger Long Master of Pembroke Hall, and Dr. William Towers

Master of Christ's College. The votes were Long 102 ; Towers

72.(3)

1733^ ^" the 8th of January, the freedom of the town was voted to

— /-the celebrated patriot William Shippen, Esq.(4)
34 I

■' In commemoration of the marriage of William Prince of Orange

afterwards Stadtholder of the United Provinces, with the Princess

Royal, (which took place on the 14th of March,) the University

published a collection of poems entiled " Gratulatio Academise Can-

" tabrigionsis auspicati.';simas Gulielmi Principis Auriaci et Annae

" Georgii II. Magnze Britannise Regis Filise natu maximae Nuptias

'* celebrantis."(5) Amongst the contributors were Roger Long D.D.

Vicechancellor, Robert D'Arcy Earl of Holdenesse of Trinity Hall,

George Montagu Viscount Sunbury afterwards Earl of Halifax of Tri^

(!) Workhouse Book.

(2) MS. Bowtcll, iii. 514,

(3) Monk, Life of Bentley, ii. 358.

(4) Corporation Common Day Book. Mr. Sliippcn was sworn a freeman 11th January 173C-7.

(5) " Cantabrig-ifc, Typis Acadcmicis, mdccxxxiii." fo.

214 GEORGE THE SECOND. [1733-34

nity College, Charles Lord Blayney of Monaglian of St. John's College,
Hon. Frederick Cornwallis of Christ's College afterwards Archbishop
of Canterbury, Sir John Barker Bart, of Pembroke Hall, Sir Danvers
Osborn Bart, of Trinity Hall, Conyers Middleton D.D. Principal
Librarian, Philip Yonge of Trinity College afterwards Bishop of
Norwich, and Charles Pratt of King's College afterwards Earl Cam-
den and Lord High Chancellor.

On the 22d of March, "the Vice-Chancellor of the University of
" Cambridge, attended by a great number of Heads of Houses, Doc-
" tors in several Faculties, Noblemen, Masters of Arts, & other
" members of that learned body, were at St. James's in their forma-
" lities, to congratulate his Majesty upon the Marriage of the Prin-
" cess Royal, & to present a book of Verses from the University
" upon that occasion ; the Vice Chancellor at presenting it made
" the following speech : —

May it please yoiu: Majesty,

The ancient and Loyal University of Cambridge humbly begs leave to be
permitted to congratulate your Majesty, upon the nuptials happily celebrated
between the Princess Royal and his most Serene Highness the Prince of
Orange.

If every good Subject thinks himself concerned in every event in which your
Majesty is interested, we hnd ourselves under particular obligations, for the
many proofs we have received of youi- Majesty's Beneficence and favour to us.

"VVe often remember iiJAv ready our hearts were t-> overflow with joy, when
your Majesty was pleased to honour us with your Royal presence ; we flatter
ourselves, Sir, with the belief, that we gave your Majesty too some of that
pleasure which is apt to spring up in the brea t of a benevolent father at the
sight of his dutiful children, whom he has cherished v.ith his care, & encou-
raged by his tenderness.

Our Colleges may be considered not only as nurseries of Arts & Sciences,
but as schools also where the Principles of Religion & loyalty are taught ; in
every one of which prayers are daily offered up for your Majesty's long life
and happy reign, and for the prosperity of the Royal family.

In this view we have been honoured with many valuable privileges by your
Royal Progenitors, and in this \'iew we promise ourselves the Continuance of
your Majesty's favour & protection; for the rest, we beg a gracious Accept-
ance of this book of Verses, in which your Majesty will find every one zea-
lously forward to express his Loyalty to your Majesty, and his inviolable
attachment to your August & illustrious House.

"To which his Majesty was pleased to refarn this most gracious
" Answer:" —

I thank you for your Congratulations upon the marriage of my Daughter
with the Prince of Orange. I take very kindly this mark of your Affection
to me and my family. The University of Cambridge may always depend upon
my support, favoui-, & protection.

" They were introduced by his Grace the Duke of Grafton, Lord

1733-34] GEORGE THE SECOND. gl5

" Chamberlain of the Houshold, and had the honour to kiss his
" Majesty's hand.

" They wore then introduced to the Queen by the Earl of Gran-
" tham, Lord Chamberlain to her Majesty : to whom the Vice-
" Chancellor presented a book, and made the following speech : —
May it please yonr Majesty,

The University of Cambridge humbly begs to have the honour of attending
your Majesty with a book of Verses on the Nuptials happily celebrated be-
tween the Princess Royal and his most serene Highness the Prince of Orange.

To be born -with a Genius to poetry able to rise up to the Dignity of such
a subject, is the lot of a very few ; btxt to have a just sense of Duty and Loyalty
to his Majesty, and a firm n ftachment to his illustrious House, is easily learned
by those who live under the Influence of his royal care & protection. This
madam, is what Ave profess to have learned ourselves, & to be careful to teach
others ; these are the sentiments Avhich have guided our pens upon this happy
occasion ; and we please ourselves with the hopes, that the expressions of our
zeal Avill not be unacceptable, because they come from an University famous
for cultivating those Arts & Sciences for which your Majesty shews so great
a regard.

" To which her Majesty was pleased to give a most gracious an-
" swer.

'* Then they waited on the Princess Royal, to whom the Vice-
" Chancellor presented a book, and made the following Speech : —

May it please your Royal Highness,
The University of Cambridge, ever ready to take any opportunity of shewing
their loyalty to His Majesty ; and their attachment to every branch of his
illustrious House, begs leave to congratulate the hapr •/ nuptials between your
Royal Highness and his most Serene Highness the Prince of Orange. If we
have just reason to regret the great loss the Court of Great Britain will
sustain, in being depriv'd of so bright an ornament, we take this consolation
to ourselves, that his Majesty has given your Royal Highness to a Prince
whose distinguished merit commands the esteem of all who approach him :
we pride ourselves in the thought, that the lustre of your Royal Highnesses
conduct abroad will reflect honour upon our Nation : we please ourselves,
with the prospect of your Royal Highness's living many happy years in the
esteem of Mankind, and in the favour of heaven : These, Madam, are the
sentiments which we have endeavoured to express in the book of Verses I
have the honour to present to your Royal Highness on the part of the
University.

" To which her Royal Highness returned a most obliging answer.

" They were afterwards introduced to the Prince of Orange, to
" whom the Vice-Chancellor presented a book, and made the foUow-
" ing speech : —

May it please your most Serene Highness.
The University of Cambridge, famous for cultivating those Arts in which
fame tells us your most Serene Highness has made so great a progress, begs
leave to congratulate your happy marriage with the Princess Royal. His

21Q GEORGE THE SECOND. [1734

Majesty has upon this occasion she^\^l how well he knew how to reward
distinguish'd merit, when he bestow'd upon your most Serene Highness a
Princess so justly dear to him, & so highly esteemed by every one who has
the honour to approach her. To express our joy upon this occasion and to
wish your most Serene Highness all manner of felicity with so amiable a
Consort, is the subject of the book of Verses I have the Honour to present
your most Serene Highness with, in the name of the University,

" To which liis Highness gave a most obliging answer.

" On Saturday the 23cl the Vice-Chancellor, and the rest of the
" Gentlemen of the University of Cambridge, were in the same
" manner introduced to the Prince of Wales, by the Earl of Jersey,
" Lord of the bedchamber in waiting. The Vice-Chancellor presented
** a book of Verses, having first made a short speech to his Royal
" Highness ; to which he was pleased to give a most obliging an-
" swer ; and they had the honour to kiss his Royal Highness's hand : —

May it please your Royal Highness,
The University of Cambridge begs leave to present your Royal Highness
with a book of Verses, in Honour of the Nuptials of the Princess Royal
with his most Serene Highness the Prince of Orange. We esteem it our
very great happiness, that we have this opportunity of giving the sincerest
assurance of our Devotion to your Royal Highness, We join in the most
ardent wishes, that every event may attend your Royal Highness, which can
odvance your prosperity & Honour ; particularly, that you may reap all
the happy fruits possible, of an alliance so wisely concerted by his Majesty,
with a family to which the people of Great Britain are under so many and so
great obligations.

" From thence they were conducted to their Royal Highnesses
"the Duke,(i) the Princess Amelia, and the rest of the Princesses,
" and presented them with books. They were all admitted to kiss
'" the Duke's, and the Princesses hands, the Vice-Chancellor having
" first made a short speech ; to which he had very obliging an-
" swers."(2)

1734.

An act which received the royal assent on the 16th of April, con-
tains a clause whereby, after reciting the act for the further qualifi-
cation of justices of the peace ;(3) that it had been customary for the
Vicechancellor of the University and Mayor of the Town of Cam-
bridge for the time being, to be justices of the peace of the County
of Cambridge ; and that it might be inconvenient to have the quali-
fication of one hundred pounds a year to extend to them ; it was

(1) Of Cumberlancl.

(2) Loudon Gazette, 23 to 26 March 1734 ; Gentleman's Magazine, iv. 162.

(3) Stat. 5 Geo. II, o. 18.

1734] GEORGE THE SECOND. 217

enacted that from and after the 25 th of March, 1734, the recited
act, or any thing therein contained, should not extend, or be con-
strued to extend, to deprive the Vicechancellor of the University, or
the Mayor of the Town of Cambridge for the time being, or either
of them, from being a justice or justices of the peace in the said
County, nor to subject any Vicechancellor of the University, or
Mayor of the Town, to any penalties or forfeitures for acting as a
justice or justices of the peace in the said County ; any thing in
the recited act contained to the contrary notwithstanding.C)

The Sheriff's precept for election of members of parliament for
the town was this year directed to the Mayor only, instead of to
the Mayor and bailiffs as had been usual ; and since this time the
Mayor has acted as the sole returning officer.

On the 27th of April, Dr. Thomas Greene Bishop of Ely, as
Visitor in that behalf convicted Dr. Bentley Master of Trinity Col-
lege of having dilapidated the goods of the College and violated its
statutes, and accordingly adjudged that he should be deprived of his
oflQce.(2) The proceedings against Dr. Bentley were originally insti-
tuted above twenty-four years previously. (3) The sentence of depri-

(1) Stat. 7 Geo. II. c. 10, s. 3.

(2) Monk, Life of Bentley, ii, 314.

(3) Subjoined is a succinct chronological statement of these proceeding's : —

1709-10 — February 6. Thirty of the felloM^s of Ti-inity coileg-e petitioned Dr. Moore Bishop
of iily, against Dr. Bentley the Master.

1710 — July II. Thirty-seven of the fellows presented to Bishop Moore articles of com-
plaint ag-ainst Dr. Bentley. The arti ;les were 54 in number. In Aug-ust, the
Bishop sent a copy of these articles to Dr. Bentley, and on the 21 st of November,
peremptorily required his answer by the 18th of December. Before that day Dr.
Bentley presented a petition to the Queen, representing- that her Majesty was the
real Visitor ot Tiinity college, and that the Hishop of Ely in assuming the visita-
torial style and functions was invading the rights of the Crown. Secretary St.
John wrote to the Attorney and Solicitor General to report their opinion thereon,
with all convenient speed, and the Attorney-General was directed to signify to the
Bishop that the Queen had taken the affair into her own cognizance, and enjoin
his Lordship to stay all further proceedings till her Majesty's pleasure were known.
The Bishop in his reply submitted to her Majesty's pleasure.

1711 — May 29. The Attorney and Solicitor General reported on Dr. Bentley's petition that
the ]\Iaster of Ti-inity was subject to the Bishop's jurisdiction, adding that if Dr.
Bentley, or the Queen, thought fit to contest this opinion the matter might be
judicially determined on a m.otion for a prohibition. On the 12th of July, Dr.
Bentley wrote to the Earl of Oxford Lord Treasurer, who directed the report of the
Attorney and Solicitor General to be laid before the Crown lawyers with certain
questions as to the legality of the Queen taking the whole visitation of the college
into her own hands, and in the meantime the Bishop of Ely was directed to stay all
proceedings. On the 9th of January, 1711-12, the Crown lawyers reported that "they
deemed the Crown to be General Visitor of the college, but that the Bishop of Ely
had the power to decide upon the charp-es against the Master : they added that it
was in the Queen's power to alter the visitatorial authority, providedsuch alteration
met with the acceptance of the college. Sir Joseph Jekyll, however, thought the
Bishop of Ely General Visitor of the college.

1713 — In Easter Term the fellows obtained from the Court of Queen's Bench a rule calling
on the Bishop to shew cause why a mandamus should not issue to compel him to
proceed on the articles, and on the 18th of April, the Secretary of State wrote to the
Bishop giving him the Queen's permission to proceed in the cause " as far as by law
he was empowered." The petition and articles being again subscribed by the
fellows. Dr. Bentley, on the 13th of June, sent his answer to the articles. To this
answer the fellows replied. Dr. Bentley rejoined, the fellows sun-ejoined, and de-
positions in support of the charge were prepared.

1714 — The trial befoi-e the Bishop commenced at Ely House in Ilolborn, in May. It con-

218 GEORGE THE SECOND. [1734

vation was never carried into efFect,(i) and Dr. Bentley died in un-
disturbed possession of the Mastership on the 14th of July, 1742.

At the nomination for the office of Vicechancellor were proposed
Dr. Roger Long Master of Pembroke Hal), the late Vicechancellor,

tinned six weeks, and the Bishop was, it is said, about to pronounce sentence of
deprivation when he caught a cold, from which illness ensued, which terminated
fatally on the 31st of July.
1714 — Serjeant Miller in the name and on behalf of many of the fellows presented to Dr,
Fleetwood Bishop of Ely fresh articles against Dr. Bentley, but the Bishop de-
clined taking cognizance of the accusation.
1716 — On the 16th of May, 17 of the fellows petitioned the King to ascertain the visitatorial
power, either by a new grant or confirmation of it to the Bishop of Ely, or else by
authorizing such persons to execute the same as to his Majesty should seem fit. On
the 26th of October, this petition was read in Council, and referred to the Attorney-
General.
1719 — On the 26th of May, the petition was referred by the Lords Justices to a Committee
of the Privy Council. Pending this reference IBishop Fleetwood refused to act as
Visitor.
1728 — Dr. Greene, who succeeded Dr. Fleetwood in the see of Ely, having consented to act
as Visitor, the fellows were preparing fresh articles against Dr. Bentley, when, on the
10th of August, he procured the college seal to be affixed to a petition to the King,
praying his Majesty Avould determine the disputes in the Society. The prosecutors
drew up counter-petitions, and on the 6th of November, the Bishop petitioned that
he might be heard in behalf of the rights of his see. A (Committee of the Privy
Council was appointed to consider the merits of the case. The Committee after
hearing all parties by counsel decided, in March 1728-9, that they could not advise
his Majesty to interfere, and that the Bishop was at liberty to proceed as he thought
proper.
1729 — Kobert Johnson B.D., one of the fellows, presented to Bishop Greene articles against
Dr. Bentley, and on the 1st of April, the Bishop cited the Master to appear and
answer at JEly House on the 5th of May. On the 3rd of May, Dr. Bentley applied to
the King's Bench for a prohibition ; a rule nisi was granted on the 7th, but on cause
being shown the rule was discharged. On the 2nd of June, Dr Bentley appeared
at Ely House, and excepted to the articles. These exceptions were heard on the 9th,
and overruled by the Bishop who, however, directed some alterations to be made
in the articles, and appointed a day for the promoter to present them in a coiTected
form. On the 21st of June, Dr. Bentley again applied to the King's Bench for a
prohibition. A rule nisi Avas granted and made absolute on the 10th of November.
1730 — In Michaelmas Term, the pleadings in the action of prohibition were argued in the

King's Bench, but the decision was postponed.
1731-^In Trinity Term, the Court of King's Bench decided upon continuing the prohibition
on the ground of an inaccurate description of the Bishop's visitatorial power. After
this decision, fresh articles were prepared against Dr. Bentley, who petitioned the
King to command the Attorney-General to issue a flat prohibiting the Bishop's visi-
tation. This petition was referred to the Attorney and Solicitor-General, who after
argument, decided on the 4th of August, that the fiat prayed for by Dr. Bentley would
be illegal and unprecedented. Subsequently a writ of error against the decision of
the King's Bench was brought in the House of Lords.
1732-3 — The House of Lords on the I5th of February, reversed the decision of the Court of
King's Bench, as to 20 of the 64 articles, condemning the Bishop as plaintiff in error
in £100. costs.
1733— On the 3lst of May, the writ of consultation decreed by the House of Lords was sent
to the Bishop, who cited Dr, Bentley to appear at Ely House, on the 13th of June,
as he accordingly did by his Proctor who put in a negative plea. Witnesses were
subsequently examined both for the prosecution and defence, and after many hear-
ings before the Bishop and his assessors, the result was the above-mentioned sen-
tence of deprivation pronounced 27th April, 1734.
(1) As soon as the Bishop had pronounced the sentence of deprivation, he transmitted one
copy of it to Dr. Bentley, ordered another to be affixed to the College gates, and sent a third
to Dr. John Hacket, the Vicemaster, with a mandate requiring him to execute the depriva-
tion. Dr. Hacket returned for answer that he would take legal advice for his conduct. On
the l7thof May, 1734, Dr. Hacket resigned the officeof Vicemaster, and Dr. Richard Walker,
a devoted adherent of Dr. Bentley's, was appointed in his stead, Dr. Walker of course took
no steps for the deprivation of his friend. In January, 1734-35, the Bishop sent his mandate
to Dr. Walker requiring him immediately to deprive the Master agreeably to his sentence.
To this no attention Avas paid. In Trinity Term, 1735, a motion was made in the Court of
King's Bench, for a mandamus to compel the Vicemaster to give effect to the Bishop of Ely's
sentence. The Court granted a writ, to Avhich in Michaelmas Term, Dr. Walker made a
special return, which being argued, the Court quashed the writ. A rule Avas then obtained
for a mandamus requiring the Bishop as general visitor to do his duty in compelling the
Vicemaster to the execution of his sentence. This rule was discharged on the 22nd of
April, 1738, and the death of Bishop Greene, Avhich occurred on the 18th of May in the same
year, put an end to a contest which had continued in an infinite variety of forms for upwards
of twenty-eight years.

1736] , GEORGE THE SECOND. 219

Dr. William Towers Master of Christ's College, and Dr. John
Adams Master of Sidney College. The votes for each, were equal,
but Dr. Bentley, as Regius Professor of Divinity, determined in
favour of Dr. Towers and Dr. Adams, and on the following day
Dr. Towers was elected.! 0

1735.

On the 29th of April, the House of Commons, previously to
going into committee on a bill to render more effectual the copy-
right act,(2) ordered that it be an instruction to the committee that
they have power to receive a clause for better securing the payment
of the drawback of duties for paper used in printing books in the
Latin, Greek, Oriental, and Northern languages within the two Uni-
versities of Oxford and Cambridge.(3)

About October, Mrs. Drummond, a young Scotch lady who had
turned Quaker, preached "to the whole University of Cambridge,
on the Castle-hill. "(^)

1736.
On the 25tli of March, the University presented a petition to the
House of Commons respecting a bill to restrain the disposition of
lands whereby they become unalienable. This bill commonly but in-
accurately termed the mortmain bill, had been introduced by Sir
Joseph Jekyll the Master of the Rolls. (5) The petition from the
University set forth : —

That the University, and the several Colleges therein were founded, and
endowed, for the maintaining fit Persons in the Study of useful Knowledge,
and the bringing up Youth in Learning, Virtue, and Religion ; and that they
have hitherto pursued those Ends with great Industry and Success ; and that
many excellent Books have been written by the Members thereof, for the
Service of Religion, and many useful Discoveries, and great Improvements,
made in Ai-ts and Sciences ; and that many of the Nobihty and Gentry
have by their academical Education, been so well fitted for the Service of
the Church and State, as to have proved the Ornaments and Supports of
both; and that tlie University hath, at all times heretofore been thought
worthy of the Countenance of the Legislature, and continually favoured by
Persons of all Orders and Degrees, eminent for V^ isdom and public Spirit ;
and that, if the Bill to restrain Alienations of Lands should pass into a
Law, without Amendment, it will, as the Petitioners apprehend, be attended

(1) Monk, Life of Bentley, ii. 358 ; Gunning-, Ceremonies of the Univ. of Camb. 46 n.

(2) Stat. 8 Ann. c.l9; Vide ante, p, 97.

(3) Commons' Journals, xxii, 479. A similai- order was made ] 1th Feb. 1736-7.

(4) Wade, British Chronolog-y, 3rd edit. 409.

(5) loth March, 1735-6.

GEORGE THE SECOND. [1736

with Consequences greatly prejudicial to them at present, and much more
so in time to come : because it will, in a great measure prevent all Dona-
tions to supply present or future Deficiencies, or for any other wise and
great Purposes, how useful and necessary soever they may be thought ; and
that a considerable Part of their Revenue arises from Annuities, and other
certain Payments, issuing out of Lands and other Estates ; and that many of
these Papnents having been fixed in the Reign of Queen Elizabeth, and still
continuing invariably the same, are now by the Great Fall of money since
that time, sunk so far below their original Value, as to be insufficient to
answer the Purposes, for which they were designed ; and that several Head-
ships are under 120^. some under 100?. per Annum ; and that the Salaries of
some Professorships are under 501. j)er Annum, and others, as those of
Botany, Anatomy, and Chymistry, have no endowment at all ; and that the
Income of much the greatest part of their Fellowships is under 60./. of many
under 40/. of some so low as 301. 20/. and 15/. per Annum ; and that many
of their Scholarships and Exhibitions amovmt not to above 6/. 4/. and 3/.
per Annum ; and that some are even xmder those small Sums ; and that
many poor Students have neither Scholarship nor Exhibition to help towards
their Maintenance ; and that the Number of Advowsons, in most colleges,
is very small in proportion to the Number of Fellows : and therefore pray-
ing the House to except this University, and the several Colleges therein, out
of the said Bill.

This petition was referred to the committee of the whole House,
to whom the bill was committed.(i)

On the 2nd of April, the House of Commons resolved itself into
a Committee of the whole House upon this bill, when a " clause
" for excepting out of the said Bill the Universities of Oxford and
" Cambridge, and the Colleges of Eaton, Winchester, and Westrains-
*' ter, with a Provision relating to Advowsons, was presented, and
" a Motion made for its being receiv'd and made Part of the Bill,
" which occasioned some Debate; but upon the Question being put,
" it was upon a Division, carry 'd in the Affirmative, by 227 to 130.

" With respect to the Proviso relating to Advowsons, an Amend-
*' ment was proposed for leaving it in the Power of the several Col-
" leges belonging to the two Universities to exchange small Livings
" for larger, so as not to increase the Number of Advowsons, to
*' which they were by the Act to be restrained, which occasioned a
" new Debate, and at last upon putting the Question it was carry'd
" in the Negative."(2)

The committee proceeded with the bill on the 5th of April. Sub-
joined are extracts from a letter from the Hon. John Sherard to
Dr. Ducarel, dated the 6th of April : —

Last night ended the grand debate concerning the Mortmain Bill in the
House of Commons. There were three questions put upon it by the Speaker ;

(1) Commons Journals, xxii. 653.

(2) Historical Register for 1737 p. 291 .

173G] GEORGE THE SECOND. 221

viz. Whether the two Universities should be excepted out of the said Bill ?
which was carried in the affirmative by a great majority, 227 against 100 and
about 20 or 30 odd. The speakers for it was Tigribus Agni of both parties,
Sir llobert "NValpole, Shippen, &c. &c. I was not there myself; but this is the
account I have heard of it. When the debate began, one Mr. Griffith insisted
upon the galleries being cleared from all the black coats and banded gentlemen.
Though the house rang with noes against it, the gentleman insisted upon his
motion, it being a standing order of the House, that any Member might insist
upon the House being cleared of strangers. The parsons were all turned out,
and afterwards some of them getting in again, Mr, Griffith routed them a
second time. In this point I think the University are greatly the better for
the Bill ; for as all other corporated bodies are now made incapable of re-
ceiving any benefaction but in the life-time of the donor, all such persons who
shall hereafter be disposed to leave charities at their deaths, will be necessitated
to leave those charities to one of the Universities, because no other corporated
bodies can receive them.

The next question was — Whether the number of livings belonging to Colleges
should be limited, and in what manner ? After some debates thereon the House
caine to this resolution, viz. That every College might have as many livings
(worth £100 a year or more) as should equal the number of their Fellowships.
Those of less value than £100 per annum should not be reckoned in that
number, if such Colleges as had already got more Livings than half the
number of their fellowships should not be obliged to sell any of them ; but
they should buy no more. Such as have less than that number, might pur-
chase till they came to that number, and might afterwords change them, in
order to increa.-:c their value, as they thought proper.

The third question was — What should be done with the small Livings ? But
the gentleman that gave me my information, could give no clear account of
that matter, so you must excuse me if I here leave you in the dark. But
I think that matter Avas pretty well settled by tiie Resolutions of the House
on the second question, and that is, that they might either change them
for larger or sell them in order to purchase larger.

******
This bill, which was brought in by the Master of the Rolls, is chiefly
supported by young Members, who have been Members of the Universities.
Some came very lately from Oxford.(l)

On the 8th of April, the committee reported the bill with the
amendments, which were, with an amendment, agreed to ; and on the
15th, the bill was read a third time and passed by 176 against 72. (^/

The bill was read the first time in the Lords on the 16th of April,
On the 20th, it was read a second time, and referred to a committee
of the whole House. On the 5th of May, "A Petition and Repre-
" sentation of the Master, Fellows, and Scholars, cf the College of
" The Holy and Undivided Trinity, in the Town and University of
*' Cambridge, was presented, and read; setting forth, 'That they an
" endowed with the Patronage and Advowson of many small Livings;
" and that they apprehend, they will be restrained from receiving
" Benefactions, if the Bill above-mentioned should pass;' and pray-

(1) Nichols, Illustrations of tlie Literary History of the. eighteenth rcntury iv. 669.

(2) r-.mmons' Journals, xxii. 680, 680,

222 GEORGE THE SECOND. [1736

«' ing, ' That they may be enabled to sell such of their small Livings
<' as they shall see proper; which, instead of being an Advantage
" to the College, are a great Burthen to them." This petition was
ordered to lie on the table.(i)

Before the House resolved itself into committee, " The Lord Gower
" moved for an instruction to receive a clause in favour of the uni-
" versities, much of the same nature with that proposed in the House
" of Commons, with respect to the giving them a liberty to exchange
" the small livings they were, or might be in possession of, for
" others of a greater value, so as the number of advowsons in the
" possession of any college, might never exceed the number pre-
" scribed by the bill ; in which he was supported by the lord
" Bathurst, the earl of Abingdon, the earl of Strafford, &c. but
" upon the question's being put, it was carried in the negative."(2)

The bill having passed both Houses,(3) received the royal assent

(1) Lords' Journals, xxiv. 646, 652, 663.

(2) Cobbett's Parliamentary History, ix. 1119.

(3) During the progress of this bill was presented to the two Houses an Account of
Licenses to hold in mortmain, granted since the Act of 7 and 8 Gul. III. (Vide ante, p. 33).
So much of this account as relates to the University of Cambridge is subjoined :—

" 22 May, 3 K. ( A Licence granted to the Master, Fellows, and Scholai's,
" Wm. Hid. Pat. { of St. John's College in Cambridge, to purchase in Mort- Particular

" Part 8, No. 11. ( main, from Sir Samuel Grimston Baronet, and his Heirs, Moiety of an
" the Manor of Wotton Rivers, in Wiltshire, as also, over Advowson.

" and above the said Premises, any Manors, Messuages,
" or other Hereditaments, not exceeding the clear yearly £. s. d.

"Value of 1,000 0 0

"8 Ap. 12 K. ( A Licence to the Provost and Scholars of King's College,
" Wm. Hid. Pat. \ in Cambridge, to purchase, in Mortmain, Manors, and
" Part 4, No. 9, ( other Hereditaments, not exceeding the clear yearly

"Valueof 500 0 0

" 23 Mar. 2 Q. ( A Licence granted to the Master and Fellows of Gon-
" Anne, Pat. Part \ '. ille and Caius College, in Cambridge, to hold, in Mort-
«' 2. ( main, to them, and their Successors, for ever, all Ad-

*' vowsons of Rectories and Vicarages, and also all Ma- Advowson

" nors, and other Hereditaments, not exceeding the yearly and Lands of

"Valueof 500 0 0

" 23 May 4 Q. / A Licence granted to the Master and Fellows of Cor-

" Anne.Pat.Part^ pus Christi College, and The Blessed Virgin Mary, in

t' 3(l_ ' ( Cambridge, to purchase in Mortmain, all Advowsons

" of Rectories, Vicarages, &c., of Avhatsoever Value, not

" exceeding Ten in Number, and also all Manors, and

" other Hereditaments, not exceeding the yearly Value of 500 0 0

and Ten
Advowsons.
" 10 May, .5 Q. f A Licence granted to the Master, FelloAvs, and Scho-
" Anne,Pat. Part \ lars, of Sidney Sussex College, in Cambridge, to pur-
«' sa. ' ( chase, in Mortmain, for themselves, or in Trust for

" them, all Advowsons of Rectories, Vicarages, &c., not
" exceeding 10 in Number, and all Messuafres, Lands, and
" other Hereditaments, not exceeding the yearly Value of 500 0 0

and Ten
Advowsons,
" 20 June, 9 K. f A Licence granted to the Master, Fellows, and Scho-
" Geo. Pat. Part \ lars, of St. John's College, in Cambridge, to purchase,
«i 3, ' (in Mortmain, Lands, and other Hereditaments, not ex-

" ceeding the yearly Value of 6,009 0 0

" 4 July, 3 K. ( A Licence granted to the Master and Fellows of Eman-
" Geo. il'd. Pat. < uel College, in Cambridge, to purchase, in Mortmain,
" Part 1st.* I Lands, and other Hereditaments, not exceeding the

" yearly Value of 500 0 0"

— Commons' Journals, xxii. 708.

173G] GEORGE THE SECOND. 223

on the 20th of May. The provisos relative to the Universities were
in there terms : —

Provided always, That this act shall not extend, or he construed to
extend, to make void the dispositions of any lands, tenements, or heredita-
ments, or of any personal estate to be laid out in the purchase of any lands,
tenements, or hereditaments, which shall be made in any other manner or
form than by this act is directed, to or in trust for either of the two uni-
versities mthin that part of Great Britain called England, or any of the
colleges or hoxises of learning within either of the said universities, or to or
in trust for the colleges of Eton, Winchester, or Westminster, or any or
either of them for the better support and maintenance of the scholars only
upon the foundations of the said Colleges of Eton, Winchester, and West-
minster,

Provided nevertheless, and be it enacted by the authority aforesaid,
That no such college or house of learning, which doth or shall hold or enjoy
so many advowsons of ecclesiastical benefices as are or shall be equal in
number to one moiety of the fellows or persons usually stiled or reputed as
fellows, or, where there are or shall be no fellows or persons usually stiled
or reputed as fellows, to one moiety of the students upon the foundation,
whereof any such college or house of learning doth or may by the present
constitution of such college or house of learning consist, shall from and after
the twenty-fourth day of June, one thousand seven hundred and thirty-six
be capable of purchasing, acquiring, receiving, taking, holding, or enjoying
any other advowsons of ecclesiastical benefices by any means whatsoever ; the
advowsons of such ecclesiastical benefices as are annexed to, or given for the
benefit or better support of, the headships of any of the said colleges or
houses of learning, not being computed in the number of advowsons hereby
limited.(l)

The University published a collection of verses(2) in commemoration
of the marriage of Frederick Prince of Wales with the Princess Augusta
of Saxe Gotha (which took place the 27th of April.) Amongst the
authors were Thomas Gray, Horace Walpole, and Richard Dawes.(3)

On the 8th of May, Henry Justice, Esq. of the Middle Temple,
a fellow-commoner of Trinity College, was tried and convicted at
the Old Bailey before Lord Hardwicke, Mr. Justice Comyns, and
Mr. Justice Denton, for stealing books from Trinity College library.
He made an attempt to get rid of the indictment on the ground
that as a member of the society he had an interest in the books.
It was held, however, that as a fellow-commoner he was a mere
boarder. He was on the 10th, sentenced to seven years' transpor-
tation. He appears to have plundered other libraries in the Univcr-
sity.(4)

(1) Stat. 9 Geo. II. c. 30, ss. 4, 5. The 5th section was repealed by stat, 45, Geo. III.
c. 101.

(2) I have been nnable to meet with a copy of this collection.

(3) Gray's W^orks, cd. Mitford, i. 173, ii. 4.

(4) Old Bailey Sessions Papers, 1736. No. iv. part ii. p. 110; Sir Egerton Brydgcs'9
Restitnta, iii. 237; Gentleman's RIagn/ine, vi. '^90.

224: GEORGE THE SECOND. [1736

On the 18th of May, "Dr. Adams Vice-chancellor of the Univer-
" sity of Cambridge, attended by a great number of Bishops, Noble-
" men, Heads of Colleges, Doctors in the several Faculties, Masters
" of Arts, & other mer^bers of that learned body, were at St. J.imcs's
" in their Formalities, to congratulate his Majesty upon the Mar-
" riage of His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales with the Prin-
" cess of Saxe-Gotha ; and the Vice Chancellor presented to liis
" Majesty an Address and a book of Verses from the University
*' upon that occasion." The address was in these terms : —

To THE King's most Excellent Majesty,
The HUMi.LE Address of the Chancellor, Masters and Scholars of the

University of Cambridge.
Most Gracious Sovereign,

We your Majesty's most Icyal Subjects, the Chancellor, Masters, & Scholars
of your University of Cambridge, always ambitious to pay our duty to your
Maje<^1:y, & gratefully acknowledge j'our Goodness to your people, do with the
greatest pleasure appear before your Majesty upon this happy occasion.

The Marriage of his Royal Highness the Prince of Wales with a Princess
of that Illustrious family which protected & -supported those who so eminently
& successfully opposed the corruptions and tyranny of the Chiu'ch of Rome,
evidently sheAvs to the Avorld the great regard which your Majesty entertains
for the Protestant religion, & your care to transmit the blessings of your reign
to future ages.

As the memory of that noble Prince John Frederick, Elector of Saxony,
whose virtue &. heroick constancy were admired even by his enemies, must be
highly honoured by all protestants, so we cannot but Avith the greatest satis-
faction look upon the marriage of a Lady descended from him with the heir
apparent of the Crown of Great Britain, as an earnest of Divine Providence
to reward his worthy family for what they have suffered by the glorious ad-
herence of their ancestor to the cause of Religion & Liberty.

From this union of the Saxon with your Majesty's August House, we most
justly hope for a succession of Princes, Avho, following the examples of their
Royal progenitors, Avill defend and maintain the religious and civil rights of
their people, & cherish & encourage your University, which has had the
honour to receive from your Majesty, & your Royal Father, distinguishing
marks of favour & bounty.

May your Majesty, the best of fathers, for many years see the happiness of
the Royal pair, & thereby receive Addition to your o\ati : May you, through
the Avhole course of a long reign, enjoy the greatest felicity which the most
dutiful subjects ever pray'd & Avished might attend the most esteemed & be-
loved Princes.

May 10, 1736.

" To which his Majesty was pleased to return this most gracious

" Answer : —

I thank you for your Affectionate Congratvilatlons on the marriage of my Son.
The expressions of your zeal, & regard for me, & my family, & your concern
for the Protestant religion are very agreeable to me. The repeated marks of
your Duty & Loyalty, cannot fail of securing to you the continuance of my
favovir, Encouragement & Protection.

1736] GEORGE THE SECOND. 225

" They were introduced by his Grace the Duke of Grafton, Lord
*' Chamberlain of the Houshold, & all had the honour to kiss his
" Majesty's hand.

" They were then introduced to the Queen by the Earl of
" Grantham, Lord Chamberlain to Her Majesty ; to whom the Vice-
" Chancellor presented the book of Verses^ & made the following
* * Speech : —

May it please your Majesty,

The University of Cambridge bogs leave to present to your Majesty this
Testimonial of their joy for the Nuptials of his Royal Highness the Prince
with the Princess of Saxe Gotha,

The Title of Princess of AVales having been, after a very long intermission,
auspiciously reviv'cl in your royal Person, & by your wearing & giving lustre
to it render'd most grateful to us, earnest have been our wishes, since your
Majesty became possess'd of a higher, to see it again renew'd in the Consort
of his Royal Highness the Prince.

These our wishes having now received their completion, and being sensible
how much we owe to your Majesty, by whom this & other great blessings
have been conveyed to us, we must think ourselves in duty bound to pray, that
your Majesty may long, very long be a sharer in them ; & see the happiness
of their Highnesses, & of every other branch of the Royal family.

" To which her Majesty was pleased to give a most gracious An-
** swer, and they all had the honour to kiss her Majesty's hand.

" Then they waited upon their Royal Highnesses the Prince &
" Princess of Wales, to whom the Vice-Chancel lor presented the book
" of Verses, & made the following speech : —
To the Prince.
May it please your Royal Highness,

To receive with your usual favour & goodness this present, which waits upon
you from the University of Cambridge, to congratulate your most happy nuptials.

It is a blessing peculiar to his Majesty's reign, that instead of anxious thoughts
& fears which the marriage of our princes gave formerly to the people, un-
feigned joy doth now fill their hearts.

How transported would this nation in th€ last age have been, to see their
Princes joined in marriage to Protestant Princesses : This blessing which was
denied to them, being by the favour of Heaven granted to us, we are under
the greatest obligations to be thankful for it, & to wish all imaginable happi-
ness to your Highness : And we hope that from this auspicious marriage will
spring a race of Princes in Virtue & Goodness equal to the best, in Glory
not inferior to the greatest of their predecessors.
To the Princess.
May it please your Royal Highness,

To accept this tribute of the Cambridge Muses, proud to congratulate your
happy Nuptials, & celebrate those Accomplishments with which your Highness
is adorn'd, worthy of the Consort of the Prince of Great Britain. Your Royal
Highness having left your own people & your father's house to compleat the
Happiness of the Prince, & perpetuate that of Great Britain ; it is a pleasure
to us to think that you will meet with such returns of tcmlcr Affection from

VOL, IV. F F

22Q GEORGE THE SECOND. [1736

their Majesties, Love from, your Royal Consort, and esteem from the British
Nation, as will make this Country most agreeable & pleasant to you.

Long may your Royal Highness live the joy & delight of the Prince, & in
so constant & iminterrupted a fruition of the greatest blessings Heaven can
bestow upon you, as to be number'd amongst the most happy, as well as the
most amiable Princesses.

" To which his Royal Highness returned for himself and the
" Princess his consort a most obliging Answer. And they all had
" the honour to kiss their Royal Highnesses hands.

" From thence tbey were conducted to their Royal Highnesses the
" Duke, the Princess Amelia, & the rest of the Princesses, and the
" Vice-Chancellor presented them with books, having first made a
" short speech, to which he had very obliging Answers ; and they
" were all admitted to kiss the Duke's & the Princesses hands. "(U

On the 25th of May, a new common seal of silver having thereon
the Town Arms and this circumscription, " Sigillum Communitatis
ViLLiE CantabrigivOs," was presented to the Corporation by the Earl
of Oxford High Steward of the Town. The old seal was thereupon
broken, and the Corporation voted the following address to his Lord-
ship : —

To the Right Honourable Edward Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer

Lord High Steward of the ancient Corporation of Cambridge.
May it please your Honour,

We the Mayor Aldermen and Common Council considering that in most
public societies unity is the one thing generally wanting to promote the wel-
fare and happiness of the whole, and being desirous to testify our ovm. una-
nimity and publish to the world a pattern of our practice, do with the truest
and most united sense of gratitude and respect to yoiu' Lordship return our
most sincere thanks for the kind present of a seal this day delivered to us by
Alderman Nutting, which is the more esteemed as it will shew your honour's
regard to your Corporation, and remain with us at the same time a standing
mark of your Lordship's munificence and a perpetual token of our antiquity.
And as in this we have great reason to value ourselves so in nothing do we
more than in the consideration that few bodies corporate enjoy the happiness
of the same alliance that we can boast of in your Lordship's honour and quality,
endued and ornamented with those graces that make that character amiable to
your Corporation. And for that reason alone we should always endeavour to
be that happy people that your Lordship wishes, so would we never be want-
ing of giving the strongest proofs of our unshaken and profound respect to
your Lordship, your family, and interest, as we are always sure of your kind
offices and assistance joined with your good -wdshes to promote and encrease
peace and prosperity amongst us. In humble acknowledgement whereof we
own ourselves your Lordship's most obedient and obliged humble servants.

Given imder our Common Seal at the Guildhall of the said town this 25th
day of May, in the year of our Lord 1736.(2)

(1) London Gazette, 18 to 22 May 1736.

(2) Corporation Common Day Book; Corporation Couchcr.

1736-37] GEORGE THE SECOND. j^g«y

On the 25th of May, the Corporation made the following orders
for restraining the expence of entertainments at the fairs : —

It 18 THIS Day Okdered and Agreed that the sum of eight Pounds one
dozen of Port Wine and two bottles of Canary and no more be allowed or
spent for all provisions and detriments for Reach fair, the Rent of the House
excepted.

And that no more than forty shillings be spent at Midsummer fair in any
sort of entertainment whatsoever.

And that no more than eight pounds one dozen of Port Wine and two bottles
of Canary be allowed for all sorts of provisions and detriments of all kinds
whatsoever (Vension fees excepted) for the riding dinner at Sturbridge fair on
which day the fair is proclaimed.

And that no more than forty shillings and one dozen of Port Wine be
spent for any proA-isions or other expences at the first dinner commonly called
the Regulators dinner in Sturbridge Fair which dinner is always to be had
at the Mayor's Booth.

And further that no more than twenty shillings per day and one gallon
of Port Wine be allowed for any or either of the six days in which the Regu-
lators and Attornies give their attendance upon the Mayor and Mayor elect
for the ordering directing and dispatching the business of the said fair.(l)
1730^ In February,(2) there was a contested election for a member of
I Parliament for the town in the room of Thomas Bacon Esq. de-
ceased. The candidates were Gilbert Affleck Esq., and Dingley
Askham Esq. At the close of the poll the votes were Affleck 131 ;
Askham 115.

On the 10th of March, a petition from the University was pre-
sented to the House of Commons on the subject of a playhouse,
which had been erected by Joseph Kettle Esq. On the 16th, was
presented another petition complaining of certain distillers who had
set up as vintners in Cambridge without being licensed by the Uni-
versity. On the 23rd, a counter petition was presented from the dis-
tillers. Subjoined are extracts from the journals : —

Jovis, 10°. DIE Martii ; Anno IQo. Georgii Ildi. Regis, 1736,
A Petition of the Chancellor, Masters, and Scholars of the University of
Cambridge, was presented to the House, & read; setting forth, That a House
hath lately been built, within the precincts of the University, for the Acting
of Plays and Interludes, and hath accordingly been made use of for that
Purpose, notwithstanding the Vice Chancellor and Heads of Colleges, did dis-
courage, and, to the utmost of then- Power, endeavour to prevent, the building
the said House ; and that many Inconveniences and Mischiefs will arise, and
the Manners of the Youth committed to their Care be in great Danger of being
corrupted, if Playhouses should be established amongst them ; and that the Peti-
tioners are not impowcred, by any Law now in being, effectually to prevent the

(1) Corporation Common Day Book.

(2) New writ ordered 1st of February. (Commons' Journals, xxii. 721.)
SLxty-six freemen were admitted on the llth of January. (Corporation Common Day Book.)

Two persons who were refused their freedom afterwards obtained writs of mandamus from
the Court of King's Bench. (Andrews's lleports, p. 1.)

OOg GEORGE THE SECOND. [1736-37

Establishment of such Houses: And therefore praying the House to take the
Premises into Consideration, and grant such Relief as to the House shall seem
meet.

Ordered, Nemine contradicente, That Leave be given to bring in a Bill for
the more effectual preventing the unlawful Playing of Interludes within the
Precincts of the University of Cambridge, and the Places adjacent : And that
Mr. Townshend and Mr. Walpole, do prepare, and bring in, the same.(l)

Mercurii, 16o. die Martii; Anno IQo. Georgii Ildi Regis, 1736.
A Petition of the Chancellor, Masters, and Scholars, of the University of
Cambridge, was presented to the House, and read; setting forth. That the
University, by ancient Custom, and Charters confirmed by Act of Parliament,
hath long enjoyed the sole Right of licensing Taverns, and all other publick
Houses, within the Precincts of the same ; which Right hath from time to
time been reserved to them by special Clauses in all Acts of Parliament re-
lating to the Regulation of Taverns, and other publick Houses ; and that, for
want of such Reservation in an Act, passed the last Session of Parliament,
intituled. An Act for laying a Duty upon the Retailers of spirituous Liquors,
and for licensing the Retailers thereof,(2) several Persons, Distillers, have set
up the Trade of Vintners in the Town of Cambridge, without being licensed
by the University, in Prejudice to the ancient Rights and Privileges thereof:
And therefore praying the House to take the Premises into Consideration,
and grant such Relief as to the House shall seem meet.

The House was moved. That the Ninth Section of an Act, made the Twelfth
Year of the Reign of her late Majesty Queen Anne, intituled. An Act to
enable such Officers and Soldiers as have been in Her Majesty's Service dur-
ing the late "War to exercise Trades, and for Officers to account with their
Soldiers,^(3) might be read:

And the same being read accordingly ;

Ordered, That it be an Instruction to the Gentlemen who are appointed
to prepare, and bring in a Bill for the more effectual preventing the Playing
of Interludes within the Precincts of the University of Cambridge, and Places-
adjacent, That they do insert therein a Clause, or Clauses, for explaining
and amending so much of an Act, passed in the last Session of Parliament,
intituled, An Act for lapng a Duty upon the Retailers of spirituous Liquors,
and for licensing the Retailers thereof, as may affect the Privilege of the
University of Cambridge with respect to licensing Taverns, and all other publick
Houses, within the Precincts of the same.(4)

Meucurii, 23o. die Martii; Anno IQo. Georgii Ildi. Regis, 1736.
A Petition of the Distillers, now using the Trade of Vintners, in the Town
of Cambridge, was presented to the House, and read ; setting forth. That the
Petitionei-s understand, that the University of Cambridge hath petitioned this
House against the Petitioners using the said Trade of Vintners in the said
Town, as being contrary to the Privilege which the said University enjoys ;
and that the Petitioners have had the Misfortune to be obliged, by a late Act
of Parliament concerning spirituous Liquors, to reduce the Business of Dis-
tilling, in which they were brought xip and instructed; and have laid out
their Fortunes, in order to make Provision for themselves and Families ; which

(1) Commons' Journals, xxii. 790.

(2) Stat. 9 Geo. II. c. 23.

(3) Vide ante, p. 113.

',4) Commons' Journals, x.xii.805.

17371 GEORGE THE SECOND. 22^

Misfortune was foreseen to be so great, that a Clause in the same Act was
provided to repair it, as far as possible, giving a Right to exercise any other
Trade or Business in any Place of Great Britain, any Law, Charter, Custom,
or Usage, to the contrary notwithstanding ; and that the Petitioners, under
the Sanction of the said Clause, have, with great Loss, Disadvantage, and
Expence, converted their Effects into the Wine Trade, and have hired, fur-
nished, and opened, Cellars and Taverns, as Vintners, in the said Town of
Cambridge; and expressing their Hope, that they shall not a Second time
be turned adrift to seek their Fortunes, which may turn to the utter Ruin
of themselves and Families : And therefore praying. That the Petition from
the said University to this House, in Prejudice to the Petitioners, may be
rejected, or in such a manner considered as shall by this House be thought
reasonable.

Ordered, That the said Petition do lie upon the Table.(l)

On the 24tli of March, Mr. Tovvnshend one of the members for
the University, according to order, presented to the House a bill for
more effectually preventing the playing of interludes within the pre-
cincts of the University, and for explaining and amending so much
of the act of the preceding session as might affect the privilege of
the University with respect to the licensing taverns and all other
public houses within the precincts of the same.(2)

1737.

The journals of the two Houses furnish the following account of
the more material proceedings with reference to the Playhouse and
Tavern Bill : —

Veneris, l^. die Aprilis; Anno 10°, Georgii Ildi Regis, 1737.

A Bill for the more effectual preventing the unlawful Playing of Interludes
within the Precincts of the University of Cambridge, and the Places adjacent ;
and for explaining and amending so much of an Act, passed in the last Ses-
sion of Parliament, intituled, An Act for laying a Duty upon the Retailers
of si)irituous Liquors, and for licensing the Retailers thereof, as may affect
the Privilege of the University of Cambridge with respect to licensing Taverns,
and all other publick Houses, Avithin the Precincts of the same ; was read a
Second time.

Resolved, That the Bill be committed.

Resolved, That the Bill be committed to a Committee of the whole House,

Resolved, That this House will, upon this Day Fortnight, resolve itself
into a Committee of the whole House upon the said Bill.

A Petition of Joseph Kettle Esquire (alledging. That he will be restrained,
by the said Bill from making use of a Playhouse erected by him in the Pre-
cincts of the Town of Cambridge, for acting Plays and Interludes during the
time of Sturbridge Fair; and praying to be heard by his Counsel, against the
said Bill) being offered to be presented to the House;

(1) Commons' Joui-nals, xxii. 820,

(2) Ibid. 823.

230 GEORGE THE SECOND. [1737

A Motion was made, and the Question being put, That the said Petition
be brought up ;

It passed in the Negative.

A Petition of the several Gentlemen and Inhabitants of the Town and
County of Cambridge, and the owners of Estates in Sturbridge Fair, whose
Names are thereunder written; recommending the Entertainment of Plays and
Interludes acted during the time of Sturbridge Fair; and praying to be heard
by their Counsel, against the said Bill; being offered to be presented to the
House ;

A Motion was made, and the Question being put, That the said Petition
be brought up ;

It passed in the Negative.(l)

Veneris, 15°. die Aprilis; Anno lO". Georgii Ildi. Kegis, 1737.

A Petition of the Chancellor, Masters, and Scholars, of the University of
Oxford, was presented to the House, and read ; setting forth. That the Peti-
tioners are informed, that a Bill for the more effectual preventing the unlaw-
ful Playing of Interludes within the Precincts of the University of Cambridge,
and the Places adjacent; and for explaining and amending so much of an Act
passed in the last Session of Parliament, intituled An Act for laying a Duty
upon the Retailers of spirituous Liquors, and for licensing the Retailers there-
of, as may affect the Privilege of the University of Cambridge -with yespect
to licensing Taverns and all other publick Houses, within the Precincts of the
same ; is now depending in this House, tending to the better Preservation
of the Discipline and good Government of the University of Cambridge, in
the several Instances recited in the said Bill ; and that the Petitioners ap-
prehend, that the several Powers and Advantages proposed to be granted to
the University of Cambridge will be equally serviceable and necessary with
regard to the Order, Discipline, and better Government, of the University
of Oxford, and also to other good Purposes intended by the said Bill : And
therefore i>raying, That, by the Favour of this House, the Petitioners may
be included in the said Bill; and that the several Powers and Benefits
therein granted may be extended to the University of Oxford, in the same
manner as they are proposed to be granted to the University of Cambridge,

Ordered, That the said Petition be referred to the Consideration of the
Committee of the whole House, to whom the said Bill is committed.

Ordered, That it be an Instruction to the said Committee, That they
have Power to extend the Provisions of the said Bill to the University of
Oxford. (2)

Martis, 190, DIE Aprilis ; Anno 10»>, Georgii IWi Regis, 1737.
A Petition of Thomas Allen was presented to the House, and read; set-
ting forth. That the Petitioner, being a Person who followed the Art of Dis-
tillation for more than Seven Years next before the passing an Act in the
last Session of Parliament, intituled. An Act for laying a Duty upon the Re-
tailers of spirituous Liquors, and for licensing the Retailers thereof, had, by
virtue of the said Act, from and after the Twenty ninth Day of September
last, full Liberty and Authority to exercise and follow any other Trade, Art,
Business, or Manufacture, in any City, To^vn, or Place, within that Part of
Great Britain called England, any Law, Charter, Grant, Custom, or Usage,
to the contrary notwithstanding; and that, the said Act having rendered the

(1) Commons' Journals, xxii. 83G.

(2) Ibid. 846.

1737] GEORGE THE SECOND. 231

Petitioner's Business of Distillation useless to him, he did, for the better
Support of himself and Family, since the said Twenty ninth Day of Septem-
ber last at his own great Hazard and Expence, hire an House and Wine
Cellar in the Town of Cambridge, and stocked such Cellar with good and
wholesome "Wines of his own Importation from foreign Parts ; and hath ever
since sold such Wines at very moderate Prices as a Vintner, in the said
To%vn ; and was in hopes that he should not have been interrupted in such his
honest Method of trading ; but that he finds that the Chancellor, Masters, and
Scholars, of the University of Cambridge, are attempting to procure such a
Clause to be inserted in a Bill, now depending before the House, intituled
a Bill for the more effectual restraining the unlawful Playing of Interludes
within the Precincts of the University of Cambridge, and the Places adja-
cent; and for explaining and am.ending so much of an Act, passed in the last
Session of Parliament, intituled, An Act for laying a Duty vipon the Retailers
of spirituous Liquors, and for licensing the Retailers thereof, as may affect
the Privilege of the University of Cambridge with respect to licensing Taverns,
and all other publick Houses, within the Precincts of the same ; as will in-
tirely disappoint the Petitioner of the Benefit of the said Act, to his irrepa-
rable Injury and Damage: And therefore praying. That the House will give
him such Relief in the Premises as to the House shall seem meet.

Ordered, That the said Petition be referred to the Consideration of the
Committee of the whole House, to whom the said Bill is committed.(l)

LuNiE, 20. DIE Maii ; Anxo IQo. Georgii Ilfii. Regis, 1737

The Order of the Day being read, for the House to resolve itself into a
Committee of the whole House, upon the Bill for the more effectual pre-
venting the unlawful Playing of Interludes within the Precincts of the Uni-
versity of Cambridge, and the Places adjacent; and for explaining and
amending so much of an Act, passed in the last Session of Parliament, in-
tituled. An Act for laying a Duty upon the Retailers of spirituous Liquors,
and for licensing the Retailers thereof, as may affect the Privilege of the
University of Cambridge, with respect to licensing Taverns, and all other
publick Houses within the Precincts of the same ;

Ordered, That the Petition of the Distillers now using the Trade of
Vintners in the ToAvn of Cambridge, presented to the House upon the 23d Day
of March last, and then ordered to lie upon the Table, be referred to the
Consideration of the said Committee.

Then the House resolved itself into the said Committee,

Mr. Speaker left the Chair.

Mr. Walpole took the Chair of the Committee.

Mr. Speaker resumed the Chair.

Mr. Walpole reported from the Committee, That they had considered the
several Petitions to them referred; and had gone through the Bill, and
made several Amendments thereunto; which they had directed him to re-
port, when the House will please to receive the same.(2)
Die Lun^, 9o. Mail

Upon READIXg the Petition of Joseph Kettle Esquire; setting forth, "That
" he hath, at his o\\-n great Expence, built a commodious Playhouse, on his
" o\vn Land, within the Precincts of the Town of Cambridge, for the Entcr-
" tainment of the Company who should come to Sturbridge Fair ; and that

(1) Commons' Journals, xxii. 819.

(2) Ibid HC'h

232 GEORGE THE SECOND. [1737

" by the last mentioned Bill, the Petitioner will be restrained from making
" Use of the said Playhouse, Avhich will greatly affect his Property;" and
praying, " That he may be heard, by Counsel, against the said Bill, and
*' have such Relief as to the House shall seem meet."
It is Ordered, That the said Petition be rejected.(l)

The bill having passed through both Houses received the royal
assent on the 21st of June. It is subjoined: —

An Act for the more effectual preventing the unlawful playing of in-
terludes within the precincts of the two universities, in that
part of Great Britain called England, and the places adjacent;
and for explaining and amending so much of an act passed in
the last session of parliament, intituled, an act for laying a
duty upon the retailers of spirituous liquors, and for licensing
the retailers thereof, as may affect the privileges of the said
universities, with respect to licensing taverns, and all other
publick houses within the precincts of the same.
Whereas the letters patent of King Henry the eighth, made and granted
unto the chancellor and scholars of the xmiversity of Oxford, bearing date
the first day of April, in the fourteenth year of his reign ; and the letters
patent of Queen Elizabeth, made and granted unto the chancellor, masters, and
scholars of the university of Cambridge, bearing date the twenty sixth day of
April, in the third year of her reign ; and also all other letters patent by any
of her progenitors or predecessors made to either of the corporated bodies of
the said universities, and all manner of liberties, franchises, immunities, quiet-
ances, and privileges, view of frank pledge, law days, and other things, what-
soever they were, the which either of the said corporated bodies of the said
universities had held, occupied, or enjoyed, or of right ought to have had,
used, occupied, and enjoyed, were by authority of parliament in the thirteenth
year of her reign,(2) confirmed to the chancellor, masters, and scholars of
either of the said universities, and their successors, for the great love and
favour that her said Majesty bore towards her said universities, for the great
zeal and care that the lords and commons had for the maintenance of good
and godly literature, and the virtuous education of youth, within either of the
said universities, and to the intent that the ancient privileges, liberties and
franchises, of either of the said universities, granted, ratified, and confirmed
by the Queen's highness, and her most noble progenitors, might be had in
greater estimation, and be of greater force and strength for the better in-
crease of learning, and the further suppressing of vice, and whereas
doubts have arisen or may arise, whether by any of the said letters pa-
tent, liberties, franchises, immunities, or privileges, or by any subsequent
<;harter or charters, or by the laws and statutes of this realm, the chan-
cellor of either of the said universities, or the vice-chancellor thereof, or his
deputy, or any other person or persons, be sufficiently impowered to correct,
restrain, or suppress common players of interludes, settled, residing, or inha-
biting within the precincts of either of the said universities, and not wandering
abroad : and avhereas the erection of any playhouse within the precincts of either
of the said universities, or places adjacent, may be attended with great incon-
veniences; may it please your most excellenct Majesty that it may be en-

(1) Lords' Journals, XXV. 108.

(2) Vide Vol. ii. p. 17i.

1737] GEORGE THE SECOND. 2SB

acted, and be it enacted by the King's most excellent majesty, by and with
the advice and consent of the lords spiritual and temporal and commons, in
this present parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same. That all
persons whatsoever who shall for gain in any playhouse, booth, or otherwise,
exhibit any stage play, interlude, shew, opera, or other theatrical or drama-
tical performance, or act any part, or assist therein, within the precincts of
either of the said universities, or within five miles of the city of Oxford, or
town of Cambridge, shall be deemed rogues and vagabonds ; and that it shall
and may be lawful to and for the chancellor of either of the said universities,
or the vice chancellor thereof, or his deputy respectively, to commit any such
person to any house of correction within either of the counties of Cambridge
or Oxford respectively, there to be kept to hard labour for the space of one
month, or to the common gaol of the city or county of Oxford, or town or
county of Cambridge respectively, there to remain without bail or mainprize
for the like space of one month ; any license of the chancellor, masters, and
scholars of either of the said universities of Oxford or Cambridge, or any thing
herein or in any other statute, law, custom, charter, or privilege, to the con-
trary notwithstanding.(l)

II, And whereas by an act made in the seventh year of the reign of King
Edward the Sixth, which prohibits all persons not licensed according to the
direction of the said act to sell wine by retale, and permits no more than
three taverns or wine sellers in the city of Oxford, and four taverns or wine
sellers in the town of Cambridge, it was provided, That the said act, or any
thing therein contained, should not in any wise be prejudicial or hurtful to
any of the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, or to the chancellor or
scholars of the same, or their successors, or any of them, to impair or take
away any of the liberties, privileges, franchises, jurisdictions, powers and autho-
rities to them, or any of them appertaining, or belonging, but that they and
every of them, and their successors, might have, hold, use, and enjoy, all
their liberties, privileges, franchises, jurisdictions, powers, and authorities, in
such large and ample wise, as though the said act had never been made, so
always, that there should not be any more or greater number of taverns kept
or maintained within any of the said towns of Oxford or Cambridge, than might
be lawfully kept and maintained by the provision, true meaning and intent of
the said statute :(2) and whereas by an act made in the twelfth year of the reign
of King Charles the Second, intituled, an act for the better ordering the selling
of wines by retale, and for preventing abuses in the mingling, corrupting, and
vitiating of wines, and for setting and limiting the prices of the same, it was
provided, That the said act, or any thing therein contained, should not in any-
wise be prejudicial to the privilege of the two universities of this land, or
either of them, nor to the chancellor or scholars of the same, or their succes-
sors, but that they might use and enjoy such privileges, as theretofore they
had lawfully used and enjoyed :l3) and whereas by an act made in the ninth
year of the reign of Queen Anne, for charging certain new duties on stampt
vellum, parchment, and paper, and for other purposes, whereby, amongst other
things, several duties therein expressed are directed to be paid for every piece
of vellum or parchment, or sheet or piece of paper, on which shall be in-
grossed or written any licence for retailing of wine, or for selling of ale, beer,

(1) This enactment is repealed by stat- 6 & 7 Vict. c. 68, s. 1.

(2) Vide Vol. ii. p. 67.

(3) Vide Vol. ill. p. 430.

VOL. IV. G G

234 GEORGE THE SECOND. [1737

or other exciseable liquors by retale, it was provided, That nothing in the said
act contained should extend, or be construed to extend, to prejudice any right
the two universities of Oxford and Cambridge, or either of them had, or clauned
to have, to the licensing any taverns, inns, or alehouses within their several
jurisdictions, but that the said universities might from time to time, grant
licences for any taverns, inns, and alehouses, within their several jurisdictions,
subject to the several duties aforesaid, in as ample manner as they respectively
might lawfully have granted the same, if the said act had never been made :(1)
AND WHEREAS by an act made in the twelfth year of the reign of her said
Majesty Queen Anne, intituled. An Act to enable such oiHcers and soldiers as
have been in her Majesty's service during the late war, to exercise trades, and
for officers to accovmt with their soldiers, it was provided, that neither the said
act, nor an act made for the like purpose in the tenth and eleventh years of
King "William the Third, should in anywise be prejudicial to the privileges of
the universities of Cambridge and Oxford, or either of them, or extend, to
give liberty to any person to set up the trade of a vintner, or to sell any
wine or other liquors within the said universities, without licence first had and
obtained from the vice-chancellors of the same respectively :(2) and whereas
by an act made in the last session of parliament, intituled. An act for laying
a duty upon the retalers of spirituous liquors, and for licensing the retalers
thereof, it was enacted, That from and after the twenty ninth day of Septem-
ber, one thousand seven hundred and thirty six, any person or persons who
had followed and exercised the art or business of distillation for seven years
then last past, or had served, or on the twenty fifth day of March, one thou-
sand seven hundred and thirty six, were serving any apprenticeship to the same,
should and might have full liberty and authority to exercise or follow any
other trade, art, business, or manufacture in any city, town, or place, within
that part of Great Britain called England; any law, charter, grant, custom,
or usage to the contrary notwithstanding: and whereas since the making of
the said last mentioned act, and under colour thereof, persons not licensed
by the chancellor, masters, and scholars of the said university of Cambridge,
or by the chancellor or vice chancellor of the said university of Oxford, have
exercised and followed, or may exercise and follow, in the said city of Oxford
and town of Cambridge, the trades of vintners or wine sellers, and much evil
rule and disorder may be practised in taverns not so licensed, to the great
annoyance of the said chancellors, masters, and scholars, and corruption of the
youth educated in the said universities ; be it further enacted by the au-
thority aforesaid. That from and after the twenty ninth day of September,
one thousand seven hundred and thirty seven, nothing in the said last men-
tioned act contained shall extend or be construed to extend, to prejudice the
right which the chancellor, masters, and scholars of the said university of
Cambridge, or the chancellor or vice chancellor of the said university of Ox-
ford, in the right of the said university of Oxford respectively, claim of licens-
ing taverns and other publick houses within the precincts of either of the said
universities; but that the said chancellor, masters, and scholars of the said
university of Cambridge, and the chancellor and vice chancellor of the said
university of Oxford, in right of the said university of Oxford respectively,
shall and may use and enjoy the said right, as fully and freely as they might

(1) Vide ante. p. 104.

(2) Vide ante, p. 113.

1737] GEORGE THE SECOND. g35

have used and enjoyed the same, if the said act had not been made ; any
thing in the said act contained to the contrary thereof in anywise notwith-
standing.

III. Provided always, That all and every person and persons who have
followed and exercised the art or business of distillation for seven years, be-
fore the twenty ninth day of September, one thousand seven hundred and thirty
six, or have served, or on the twenty fifth day of March, one thousand seven
hundred and thirty six, were serving any apprenticeship to the same, and who
since the said twenty ninth day of September, one thousand seven hundred and
thirty six, have exercised or followed in the said town of Cambridge the trades
of vintners or wine sellers, without the licence of the chancellor, masters, and
scholars of the university of Cambridge, shall have full liberty and authority
to exercise or follow the said trades of vintners or wine sellers in the said town
of Cambridge, so as they and every of them on or before the twenty fourth day
of June next following, take out such licences, paying their proportion for the
same of the money usually and annually paid by the vintners or Avine sellers
now licensed by the said chancellor, masters, and scholars, and upon such terms,
and subject to such regulations, conditions, restrictions, and power of revoca-
tion, as the said vintners or wine sellers so licensed as aforesaid are subject
to ; any thing in this act contained to the contrary notwithstanding.

IV. Provided always, and be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid,
That it shall not be lawful for the said chancellor or vice chancellor of the said
university of Oxford, or any other officer of that body, to receive or take, di-
rectly or indirectly, any fee, perquisite, gratuity, or rcAvard, for granting such
licenses, as aforesaid ; nor shall any sum of money, fee, gratuity, or reward be
hereafter paid to any person or persons for or in respect of such licenses, other
than such annual payments in like manner, and to the like uses, as have been
usual in the university of Cambridge ; any law or custom to the contrary not-
withstanding.

V. Provided always. That this act, or any thing herein contained, shall
not in any wise be construed to prejudice or confirm any of the liberties, pri-
vileges, franchises, jurisdictions, powers, and authorities appertaining or be-
longing to the mayor, bailiffs, and commonalty of the city of Oxford, or to any
of them, but that they and every of them, and their successors, may have, hold,
use, and enjoy all their liberties, privileges, franchises, jurisdictions, powers,
and authorities, in such large and ample wise as though tliis present act had
never been had or made.

VI And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid. That this act
shall be deemed a publick act, and shall be judicially taken notice of as such
by all judges, justices, and other persons whatsoever, without specially pleading
the same.(l)

At the town sessions held on the 20th of April, the following order

was made : —

Whereas a person called by the name of Mad Tom has for several days last
past gone up and down the town ol Cambridge, with a sword and some other
offensive weapons, to the disturbance of the inhabitants of this town. It is
therefore ordered by this Court that the said person so called as aforesaid,
shall immediately after this order or so soon as he can be apprehended within

(1) SUt. 10 G«o. II. c. 10.

236 GEORGE THE SECOND. [1737

this town, suffer the correction of whipping by the hands of the common cryer
of this town, under which he is to continue until he leaves the same town.(l)

In July, Thomas Holies Pelham Duke of Newcastle, (2) was elected
High Steward of the University in the room of the Earl of Anglesey
deceased.

This year, a grace was passed, constituting a Syndicate with plenary
powers over the University press for three years. (3)

At Hampton Court, on the 29th of August, " Dr. Wilcox Vice-
" Chancellor of the University of Cambridge, & his Grace the Duke
*' of Newcastle, High Steward of the University, attended by several
" Heads of Houses, Doctors in the several Faculties, Masters of Arts,
" & other members of that learned body, waited on his Majesty in
" their formalities ; and being introduced by his Grace the Duke of
" Grafton, Lord Chamberlain of His Majesty's Household, Mr. Vice-
" Chancellor presented the following address, congratulating his Ma-
"jesty on the birth of a Princess :(4) —

To THE King's, MOST Excellent Majesty,
The humble Address of the Chancellor, Masters and Scholars of the

University of Cambridge.
Most Gracious Sovereign,
We your Majesty's most dutiful & loyal Subjects, the Chancellor, Masters &
Scholars of your University of Cambridge, humbly beg leave to congratulate
your Majesty on the happy delivery of her royal highness the Princess of Wales,
and the birth of a Princess.

We are deeply sensible of the many & great blessings we enjoy under your
Majesty's most gracious Government, & how entirely all that is dear & valua-
ble to this nation depends on your Majesty & your Royal family.

Every increase therefore of the Royal Progeny must be a new subject of
joy, as it gives us a pleasing prospect of the continuance of our present hap-
piness, and confirms us more and more in our hopes, that our most excellent

(1) Town Sessions Book.

On the 12th of April, 1738, the Court ordered that the person called Mad Tom be kept in
the workhouse till Saturday next, and that he be then publicly whipped at the Market Cross,
by the hands of the common officer and be then sent forthwith out of town. In an order
to the like effect made the following- day he is called Thomas Miller alias Mad Tom. On
the 11th of July, 1739, the Sessions ordered that Mad Tom be apprehended and commit-
ted to the House of Correction till further order.

(2) This nobleman (who in 1748 Avas elected Chancellor of the University) was eldest son
of Thomas Lord Pelham of Laughton, and was born 1st of August, 1693. In 1711, he
assumed the name of Holies, having succeeded to great part of the estates of his ma-
ternal uncle John Holies Cavendish Duke of Newcastle, and the same year he married
the Lady Harriet daughter of the Earl of Godolphin and grandaughter of John Duke of
Marlborough. On his father's death in February, 1711-12, he succeeded to the Barony
of Pelham of Laughton. In October, 1714, he was created Earl of Clare and Viscount
Pelham, and in 1715, Duke of Newcastle. He was Lord Chamberlain of the Household
from 1717 to 1724, Secretary of State from 1724 to 1754, when he became First Lord of
the Treasury, which office he held till November, 1756, and again from July, 1757, to
1762, In July, 1765, he was constituted Lord Privy Seal. He was also Knight of the
Garter, Warden of Sherwood Forest, Lord Lieutenant and Custos Eotulorum of the Coun-
ty and Town of Nottingham, Recorder of Nottingham, and one of the Governors of the
Charterhouse. He died without issue 7th of November, 1769.

(3) Monk, Life of Bentley, i. 156 n.

(4) Augusta daughter of the Prince and Princess of Wales, born 31 July, 1737, afterwards
married to Charles William Ferdinand Hereditary Prince of Brunswick, by whom she had
Caroline the Queen of George IV.

1737] GEORGE THE SECOND. 231

Constitution, as settled at the Revolution, will be delivered do\Mi to all succeed-
ing generations.

The peculiar favour and protection your University hath received from your
Majesty, calls upon us to distinguish ourselves in all instances of Duty, &
we humbly presume to renew our repeated assurances of our zeal & affection
for your person & Government.

May the good God grant your Majesty to reign long over us in health
& Glory : May you be happy in your whole royal family, in dutiful & loyal
Subjects, and in the success of all your great designs for the prosperity of your
people.

"To whick liis Majesty was pleased to return this most gracious
" Answer : —

I take very kindly this dutiful and loyal Address, & thank you for your Con-
gratulation upon the birth of a Princess, your constant zeal & affection for me
& my Government, you may be assured, will continue to you, in the fullest
extent, my favour, Protection, and Encouragement.

" They all had the honour to kiss his Majesty's hand.

"They were afterwards introduced to her Majesty by the Right
" Honorable the Earl of Grantham, her Majesty's Lord Chamberlain,
" & Mr. Vice Chancellor made their compliments to her Majesty in
" the following speech : —

May it please your Majesty',

To accept the Congratulation of the University of Cambridge upon the birth
of a Daughter of their Royal Highnesses the Prince and Princesses of AVales.

The greater any blessing is, the greater must be the anxiety & solicitude
occasioned by the fear of losing it.

What happiness is it to this nation, not only to enjoy all that Subjects can
wish, but to have all the certainty there can be, that their blessings will be
continued down to the latest ages, in a numerous & increasing Royal Family,
designed by Providence to bless the world.

Permit us, madam, to express the sense Ave have of our happiness, & humbly
to offer our sincere vvdshes for prosperity to your Majesty & your whole Royal
Family.

Her Majesty returned a most gracious answer.

" They all had the honour to kiss her Majesty's hand. They had
afterwards an entertainment given them."(i)

On the 30th of August, the Vicechancellor, attended by several
Heads of Houses, Doctors, Masters of Arts, and other members of
the University, waited in their formalities on the Prince of Wales
at St. James's, and being introduced by Lord Baltimore, Lord of the
Bed Chamber in waiting to his Royal Highness, the Vicechancellor
made the following speech : —

May it please your Royal Highness,
To permit the University of Cambridge to express their joy upon the safe
& happy delivery of your Royal Consort, and the birth of a Princess.

(1) London Gazette, 27 to 30 Auff. 1737.

238 GEORGE THE SECOND. [1738

This gives us a pleasing prospect that the present happiness will be per.
petuated to this Nation in a race of Princes descended from your Royal Highness.

And how greatly is the pleasure increased, when your Royal Highness is
possessed of the most excellent & endearing yirtues, & blessed in a Consort
distinguished by all the Graces & Accomplishments that can adorn a Princess !

May 'you enjoy the greatest Happiness, & be the glorious instrument of
conveying happiness to the most distant Ages.

•'To which his Royal Highness was pleased to return this answer: —

Gentlemen,

It is very agreeable to me to see the joy you have of this encrease of the
King's family.

I'll try at all times to deserve the Affection you shew me, by my hearty
Avishes for the welfare of your learned body & for the Advancement of learning.

" They all had the honour to kiss his Royal Highness's hand.
And had afterwards an Entertainment given them."(i)

It seems the University published a collection of verses on the
death of Queen Caroline,(2) but I have not been able to meet with a
copy.
1737 "I On the 16th of January, the University fixed the following rates

} for the carriage of letters to and from London : —
38)

For every parcel not Aveighing one ounce 2c?. j .,, ,

For every parcel weighing one complete ounce, and not I any

amounting to two ounces 3d.\ demand

For every parcel weighing 8 ounces or any less number, I ^^^

„ w Q^ porterage (3

for every complete ounce oci.j ^ °

On the 9th of March, a grace passed that no Bachelor of Arts in-
corporated from any University should be here admitted to the de-
gree of M.A. except those who after having taken the degree of
B.A. in some other University, should of the nine terms required,
keep six of them here, and also except those who should be elected
on the foundation of any College in Cambridge. This grace, which
seems to have been aimed against Bachelors of Arts of Oxford, was
rescinded on the 4th of July, 1746.(4)

1738.

An Act of Parliament which received the royal assent on the 20th
of May, contains the following clause : —

And whereas by an act made in the twelfth year of the reign of Queen
Anne,(5) for rendering more effectual an act made in the third year of the

(1) London Gazette, 30 Aug. to 3 Sept. 1737.

(2) Wade, British Chronology, 3rd edit, 414.

(3) MS. Bowtell, vii. 2624.

(4) Stat. Acad. Cantab, pp.417, 429; Gentleman's Magazine, xvj

(5) Vide ante, p. 116,

1738] GEORGE THE SECOND. ^39

reign of King James the First, intituled, An act to prevent and avoid dangers
which may grow by popish recusants ;(1) and also one other act made in the
first year of the reign of King William and Queen Mary, intituled, An act
to vest in the two universities the presentations of benefices belonging to
papists ;(2) it was enacted. That every papist or person making profession of
the popish religion, and every child, not being a protestant, under the age of
one and twenty years, of every such papist or person professing the popish
religion, and every mortgagee, trustee, or person any ways intrusted directly
or indirectly, mediately or immediately, by or for any such papist or person
making profession of the popish religion, or such child as aforesaid, whether
such trust be declared by writing or not, should be disabled and made inca-
pable to present, collate, or nominate to any benefice, prebend, or ecclesiastical
living, school, hospital, or donative, or to grant any avoidance of any benefice,
prebend, or ecclesiastical living, and that every such presentation, collation,
nomination, and grant, and every admission, institution, and induction to be
made thereupon, should be utterly void and of no effect to all intents, construc-
tions, and purposes whatsoever ; and that in every such case the chancellor and
scholars of the university of Oxford, and the chancellor and scholars of the univer-
sity of Cambridge, should respectively have the presentation, nomination, colla-
tion, and donation of and to every such benefice, prebend, or ecclesiastical living,
school, hospital, and donative, set, lying and being in the respective counties,
cities, and other places and limits in the said act of the third year of King
James mentioned, as in and by the said act is directed and appointed in the
case of a popish recusant convict : and whereas for the better discovery of all
secret trusts and fraudulent conveyances made by papists or persons making
profession of the popish religion, of their advowsons and right of presentation,
nomination, and donation, to any benefices or ecclesiastical livings, several
provisions were made by the said act of the twelfth year of the reign of Queen
Anne, which have been fraudulently evaded by persons obtaining from such
papists, without a full and valuable consideration, grants of such advowsons
and right of presentation, nomination, and donation, upon confidence only, that
such grantees will, at the request of such papists, present to such benefices or
ecclesiastical livings, clerks nominated by such papists, who have been pre-
sented accordingly, contrary to the true intent and meaning of the said acts,
and to the great hurt of the protestant interest of this kingdom; be it
THEREFORE ENACTED by the authority aforesaid, That every grant to be made
from and after the sixth day of May, one thousand seven hundred and thirty
eight, of any advowson or right of presentation, collation, nomination, or dona-
tion, of and to any benefice, prebend, or ecclesiastical living, school, hospital,
or donative, and every grant or any avoidance thereof, by any papist, or per-
son making profession of the popish religion, or any mortgagee, trustee, or
person any ways intrusted directly or indirectly, mediately or immediately, by
or for any such papist or person making profession of the popish religion,
whether such trust be declared by WTiting or not, shall be null and void, unless
such grant shall be made bona fide, and for a full and valuable consideration
to and for a protestant piirchaser or prostestant purchasers, and mecrly and
only for the benefit of a protestant or protestants ; and that every such grantee,
or person claiming under any such grant, shall be deemed to be a- trustee for
a papist or person professing the popish religion as aforesaid, within the true

(1) Vide Vol. iii. p. 21.

(2) Vide ante, p. G.

240 GEORGE THE SECOND. [1738

intent and meaning of the said act; and that all such grantees, or persons
claiming under such grants, and their presentees, shall be compelled to make
such discovery relating to such grants and presentations made thereupon, and
by such methods, as in and by the said act of the twelfth year of the reign
of Queen Anne, are directed in the case of trustees of papists or persons pro-
fessing the popish religion ; and that every devise to be made from and after
the said sixth day of May, by any papist or person professing the popish re-
ligion, of any such advowson or right of presentation, collation, nomination,
or donation, or any such avoidance, with intent to secure the benefit thereof co
the heirs or family of such papist or person professing the popish religion,
shall be null and void, and that all such devisees, and their presentees, shall
in the like manner, and by such methods, be compelled to discover, whether
to the best of their knowledge and belief, such devises were not made with
the said intent.(l)

On the 8th of June, the Commissioners of Pontage rated the
lands chargeable to the repair of the Great Bridge after the rate of
£5. 135. 6d. per hide.(2)

The following address from the University on the birth of Prince
George William Frederick (afterwards King George the Third) was
presented to the King at Kensington Palace, on the 22nd of June,
by the Duke of Newcastle, one of the Secretaries of State, and High
Steward of the University : —
Most Gracious Sovereign,

We your Majesty's most dutiful & loyal Subjects, the Chancellor, Masters &
Scholars of your University of Cambridge, humbly beg leave to congratulate
your Majesty on the happy delivery of her Royal Highness the Princess of
Wales, and the birth of a Prince.

Your Royal care to advance the welfare and Prosperity of your Kingdoms,
justly demands from all your Subjects the most grateful returns of duty &
Loyalty, & engages them to take the utmost satisfaction at an event which so
nearly concerns your Majesty as the late happy increase of your August family.
But we are under peculiar obligations on this occasion to take part in the pub-
lick joy, on account of the many distinguish'd favours conferred upon us, and
the gracious Assurances your Majesty has frequently given us of your favour
and protection.

We cannot sufficiently express the pleasure we take in the enlarg'd prospect
we have, that the blessings we enjoy during your Majesty's auspicious Reign
will be continued to our latest posterity, through a long succession of Princes,
form'd after your great example, to be protectors of our Civil rights, Patrons
of Learning & Virtue, & Defenders of our establish'd Church.

The best return we can make for the repeated instances of your Royal fa-
vour and bounty to us, is to approve ourselves dutiful Subjects to so gracious a
Sovereign, by taking all occasions to manifest an inviolable attachment to your
Majesty's person & Government, by continuing to instill principles of religion
& Loyalty^ into the youth committed to our care, & praying that your Majesty
may enjoy a long & a happy reign over us.(3)

(1) Stat, n Geo. II. c. 17, s. 5.

(2) Pontage Book, 154.

(3) Loudon Gazette 20 to 24 June, 1738; Historical Kegister for 1738, p. 221.

739] GEORGE THE SECOND. <841

On the 29th of June, the Corporation made the following bye-
law : —

It is this Day Agreed and Ordered, that whereas according to the
order and constitution of this Corporation, no Alderman who has borne the
office of Mayor of this Corporation is compellable to hold and accept the said
office until six years be ended after the expiration of his former Mayoralty ;
It is now Agreed and Ordered by a general consent of the Mayor Alder-
men Common Councilmen and Burgesses this day assembled, that no Alderman
who has borne the office of Mayor of this Corporation shall be elected or eligible
to the said office until the end of six years after the expiration of his former
Mayoralty. And if any of the eighteen electors shall choose any Alderman
into the office of Mayor, contrary to this order, then he or they so offending
herein shall forfeit and pay to the use of this Corporation for every offence the
sum of one hundred pounds. And if any Alderman be elected into the office
of Mayor contrary to this order, and do accept and take upon him to execute
and enjoy the said office, then he shall forfeit and pay to the use of this
Corporation for such his acceptance the sum of tAvo hundred pounds for every
time he shall offend herein. And this order shall not be revoked or made
void without the consent of the Mayor and six of the Aldermen present at the
time of proposing the same, upon pain that every person making any propo-
sition contrary to this order shall forfeit the sum of one hundred pounds to the
use of this Corporation,(l)

This year, the University published a severe edict against schis-
matical congregations at Sturbridge fair, and appointed Pro-proctors
to see it executed. These measures w^ere occasioned by the fear that
the famous John Henley(2) would erect an oratory in the fair. He
had applied to the Vicechancellor for leave to hold an oratory there,
and had been refused.(3)
17.38^ Tinkler Duckett clerk M.A. fellow of Caius College, having been
~ J convicted of Atheism by the Vicechancellor and Heads, they, on the
23rd of March, expelled him the University. A grace also passed
for taking away all his degrees.!*)

1739.

An act of Parliament which received the royal assent on the 14th of
June, repealed the clause in the Copyright Act,(^) which empowered
the Vicechancellors of the two Universities to set and rel'orm the
prices of books.(6)

(1) Corporation Common Day Book.

(2) John Henley was of St. John's Coll. B.A. 1712, M.A. 1716.

(3) Gray's Works, ed. Mitford, i. cv. ii. 32; Cole, Athente Cantabrig-ienses (art. Henley,
Orator.)

(4) Howell's State Trials, xxii. 722; MS. Baker, xl. 71, 257; Sequel to Frond's Trial, 54 ;
Gentleman's Magazine, ix. 198, 20a, 249; Monk, Life of lientley, ii. 391—395.

(5) Stat. 8 Ann. c. 21. Vide ante, p. 97.

(6) St:.t. 12 Geo. II. c. 3G, 8.3.

VOL. IV. n Ii

242 GEORGE THE SECOND. [1740

In Trinity Term, the Court of King's Bench was moved to super-
sede a mandamus directed to Dr. Whalley the Master of Peterhouse,
for the admission of one who claimed to be a fellow of that col-
lege. The ground on which the motion was made was that the
Bishop of Ely was Visitor of the college, which fact appeared on
the defendant's affidavit. The Court refused to supersede the
mandamus on affidavit, holding that the defendant ought to make a
return.(i)

The following grace passed the senate on the 18th of Decem-
ber : —

Whereas complaint has been made, that of the oaths which are required
to be taken by such as are admitted to degrees in this university some are
become obsolete and others are iinintelligible to many of those who take
them

May it please you that the vice-chancellor for the time being, Dr. Long,
Dr. Williams, Dr. Richardson, Mr. Burford, Mr. Aylmer, Mr. Paris, Mr. Taylor,
junr., of St. John's college, and Mr. Yonge be appointed syndics and be em-
powered by you to review and alter the said oaths as to them shall seem most
conducive to preserve a due sense of the sacredness of an oath : but that what-
ever in this affair shall be concluded upon by a majority of them (of whom
the vice-chancellor shall be always one) be laid before the senate that (being
duly considered of) it may from them receive the force of a statute.(2)

1740.

On the 2nd of July, died in the 84th year of his age, Thomas
Baker B.D., sometime fellow of St. John's College. This most ex-
cellent person was profoundly learned in English history, and had
paid particular attention to whatever related to this University and
Town. Of his valuable manuscript collections twenty three volumes
in folio, were given by him in his lifetime to the Earl of Oxford,
and they are now with the other Harleian Manuscripts in the British
Museum. Eighteen others (fifteen in folio and three in quarto)
he gave by will to the University Library, together with several
annotated printed books, (viz. Burnet's History of the Reformation,
Rennet's Register and Chronicle, Wood's Athenas Oxonienses, Maun-
sell's Catalogue, Gunton and Patrick's History of the Church of
Peterborough, Anstis's Order of the Garter, Archbishop Wake's
State of the Church.) He had been ejected from his fellowship in
1716, his conscience not allowing him to swear allegiance to the
House of Hanover but he continued to reside in St. John's Col-

(1) Modern Reports, vii, 308, where by mistake " Oxford" is put for " Cambridge."

(2) Stat. Aead. Cantab, p. 420.

1741] GEORGE THE SECOND. 243

lege till his death, and his funeral was attended by the whole

society .(1)

1740^ The following grace of the Senate was passed on the 19th of

' /"March: —
41)

Cum jam per plurimos annos tripodes ut vocantur nimia licentia usi fuerint

in orationibus suis

Placeat vobis lit ad antiquam academioD modestiam honorcm ct gravitatem
restitucndam comitia quadragesimalia in posterum in senaculo habeantur vel
ubicunque visum fuerit domino procancellario pro tempore existenti ibique fiant
solennia senioritatis babcalaureoruni proeconia et ut procuratores vice-procura-
tores aliique omnes ibidem disputaturi veterem academise formam et consuetu-
dinem in exercitiis proestandis servent qua^stiones suas tractent serio et philo-
sophice idque latine tan turn neminem omnino cujuscunque ordinis aut gradus
jocis scurrilibus aut dicteriis illiberalibus perstringere aut illudere audeant.
Quique secus fecerit placeat vobis ut hac vestra authoritate et sententia (quam
in libris domini procancellarii et dominorum procuratorum intra quatuordecim
dies postquam lata fuerit inscribi jubeatis statuti vim et vigorem perpetuo inde
habituram) ipso facto ab omni gradu suscepto suspendatur et a suscipiendo
praecludatur.(2)

1741.

On the 24th of June, a daily post between Cambridge and Lon-
don was established by the Postmaster-General.(3)

On the 17th of August, Henry Bromley Lord Montfort was elected
High Steward of the Town, (4) in the room of Edward Earl of Oxford
and Earl Mortimer deceased.

In August, died Thomas Seaton(5) M.A. vicar of Ravenston, in
Buckinghamshire, and sometime fellow of Clare Hall, who by his
will devised as follows ; —

I give my Kislingbury(6) estate to the University of Cambridge for ever;
the rents of ■which, shall be disposed of yearly by the Vice-Chancellor for the
time being, as he the Vice-Chancellor, the Master of Clare-Hall, and the
Greek Professor for the time being, or any two of them shall agree. "Which
three persons aforesaid shall give out a subject, -which subject shall, for the
first year, be one or other of the Perfections or Attributes of the Supreme
Being, and so the succeeding years, till the subject is exhausted ; and after-
wards the subject shall be either Death, Judgment, Heaven, Hell, Purity of
Heart, &c. or whatsoever else may be adjudged by the Vice-Chanccllor, Master

(1) Masters, Memoirs of the Life & Writings of the Rev. Thomas Baker, B.D. Camb. 8vo.
1784.

(2) Stat. Acad. Cantab, p. 430.

(3) Gentleman's Mag-azine, xi. 330.

(4) His Lordship took the oath of office 15 August, 1745.

(5) Mr. Seatou Mas born at Stamford, about 1684, was admitted a sizar of Clare Hall, in
1701, B.A. 1704, M.A. 1708. He was chaplain to the Earl of Xottingham, who presented him
to the vicarage of Ravenston. In 1719 or 1720, he published Tlio Divinity of our Saviour
proved in an Essay on the Eternitv of the Son of God. In 1721, he resigned his fellowship
and soon afterwards married. In 1726, lie published a Visitation Sermon preached at New-
port Pagnel.— Mus;c Seatonianse ; Cole, Athens Cantabrigienses, (art. Seaton Thomas.)

(6) In Northamptonshire.

g44 GEORGE THE SECOND [1742-43

of Clare-Hall, and Greek Professor, to be most conducive to the honour of
the Supreme Being and recommendation of Virtue. And they shall yearly
dispose of the rent of the above estate to that Master of Arts, whose Poem
on the subject shall be best approved by them. Which Poem I ordain to be
always in English, and to be printed : the expence of which shall be deducted
out of the product of the Estate, and the residue given as a reward for the
Composer of the Poem, or Ode, or Copy of Verses.(l)

On the 19th of October, there was a contest for the office of Public
Orator, the candidates being James Tunstall B.D. fellow of St. John's
College, and Philip Yonge(2) M.A. fellow of Trinity College. The
votes were Tunstall 160; Yonge 137.(3)

1742.

On the 4th of May, Samuel Henry Pont(4) Esq., was unanimously
elected Recorder of the Town in the room of Samuel Gatvvard Esq.,
deceased.

On the 24th of July, the King constituted Henry Fiennes Earl of
Lincoln(5) Lord Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum of Cambridgeshire,
in the room of Henry Lord Montfort.
1742"! Of the singular scenes which occurred on the election of a Provost
r of King's College, on the death of Dr. Snape, we have the following
particulars in a letter of Daniel Wray Esq. of Queens' College, dated
January 19 : —

The Election of a provost of King's is over. — Dr. George is the man.

The Fellows went into Chapel on Monday before noon in the morning as
the Statute directs. After prayers, and sacrament they began to vote — 22 for
George ; 16 for Thackeray ; 10 for Chapman.

Thus they continued, scrutinizing, and walking about, eating, and sleeping ;
some of them smoaking. Still the same numbers for each candidate ; till yes-
terday about noon (for they held that in the 48 hours allowed for the Election no
adjournment could be made) ; when the Tories, Chapman's friends, refusing
absolutely to concur with either of the two other parties, Thackeray's votes
went over to George by agreement, and he was declared.

A friend of mine, a curious man, tells me, he took a survey of his brothers
at the hour of two in the morning ; and that never was a more curious, or a
more diverting spectacle.

Some wrapped in blankets, erect in their stalls like mummies : others, asleep
on cushions, like so many Gothic tombs. Here a red cap over a wig; there
a face lost in the cape of a rug. One blowing a chafing dish with a surplice

(1) MuBse Seatonianae.

(2) Afterwards Bishop of Norwich. Mr. Yonge was unanimously elected Public Orator
on Dr. Tunstall's resignation, June 18th, 1746.

(3) Mr. Hubbard's Book, MS. Cole, Li. 109.

(4) Mr. Pont who was a barrister-at-law, was appointed Chief Justice of the Isle of Ely, in
1748. He had been a member of Trinity Hall, but does not appear to have graduated. He
is said to have been " an ingenious man but eaten up with pride and ambition." — Cole,
Athense Cantabrigienses.

(5) In 1768, he succeeded his maternal uncle in the Dukedom of Newcastle-under-Lyne.

1743-44] GEORGE THE SECOND. g45

sleeve ; another warming a little negus, or sipping Coke upon Littleton, i.e. tent
and brandy. Thus did they combat the cold of that frosty night; which has
not killed any one of them, to my infinite surprize.(l)

1743.

On the IGth of December, the following address from the Cor-
poration was presented to the King at St. James's, by Lord Duppliu
and James Martin Esq. members for the town : —

To THE King's most Excellent Majesty.

"We your Majestys most Dutiful and Loyal Subjects, the Mayor, Bailiffs
and Burgesses of the Town of Cambridge, beg leave with all Humility, to
congratulate your Majesty's safe return to your People, from the Dangers of
War, to which your Majesty has so freely exposed your most valuable Life.

It was with the highest satisfaction that we saw your Majesty so season-
ably exert the Strength and Power of Great Britain in Defence of the Com-
mon Liberties of Europe. And permit us, Sir with hearts full of Zeal and
Affection particularly to congratulate your Majesty on the late Victory ob-
tained at Dettingen by the Bravery of your Subjects, conducted by your Ma-
jesty, and animated by your Example.

The increase of your Royal Family by the Birth of another Prince, and the
Strengthening of the Protestant Interest by the Marrriage of her Royal High-
ness the Princess Louisa with the Prince Royal of Denmark, afford a most
solid Pleasure to all those who justly value the Blessings that we enjoy under
your Majesty's most auspicious Reign and who desire to have them transmit-
ted to their Posterity.

We beg leave to assure your Majesty that we will, as far as in us lies, en-
deavour to support your Majesty's Government, as the best and truest way of
expressing our Gratitude to you and securing the liberties of our Country.

Given under our Common Seal the Tenth day of December, in the Year of
our Lord, 1743.(2)

1743 ^ On the 1st of February, were presented to the House of Com-
— rmons petitions from the Mayor and burgesses of Lynn Regis, the
Chancellor masters and scholars of the University of Cambridge,
and the Mayor bailiffs and burgesses of the town of Cambridge,
praying that leave might be given to bring in a bill for revival
of so much of the Bedford Level A.ct,(3) as concerns the nomina-
tion and perpetual succession of commissioners for each of the
counties of Norfolk, Suffolk, Cambridge, Huntingdon, Northampton,
Lincoln ^nd the Isle, of Ely. These petitions were referred to a
coramittee.(4)

At St. James's on the 25th of February, " Dr. George Vice-
" Chancellor of the University of Cambridge, and his Grace the

(1) Nichols, Illustrations of Literature, i. 95. See at p. 623 of the same volume a letter of
Mr. Pratt afterwards Earl Camden respecting this election.

(2) London Gazette, 13 to 17 Dec. 1743.

(3) Vide Vol. iii. p. 511.

(1) Commons Journals, xxiv. 538.

g46 GEORGE THE SECOND. [1743-44

" Duke of Newcastle, High Steward of the University, attended by
" several heads of Houses, Doctors in the several Faculties, Mas-
" ters of Arts, and other Members of that learned Body, waited
" on his Majesty in their Formalities, and being introduced by his
" Grace the Duke of Grafton, Lord Chamberlain of his Majesty's
" Household, Mr. Vice Chancellor presented the following Ad-
" dress:" —

The humble Address of the Chancellor, Masters and Scolars of
the University of Cambridge.

Feb. 20, 1743-4.
Most Gracious Sovereign,

"We your Majesty's most dutiful and loyal Subjects, the Chancellor, Masters,
and Scolars of your University of Cambridge, beg leave to express our hearty
Detestation and Abhorrence of the insolent and perfidious Design to invade
your Majestys Dominions, and impose on us a Popish and abjur'd Pretender,

As we are deeply sensible of the Happiness we enjoy in the Security of our
Religious and Civil Rights, under your Majestys auspicious Government, we
cannot but be greatly alarmed at any attempts to deprive us of so invaluable
Blessings,

These Blessings, Sir, we enjoy in common with our Fellow Subjects ; but
as a Body of men devoted to the Service of Religion and Learning, we are
in a particular manner interested in whatever may endanger them, as being
sure to fall with them, among the most early Sacrifices, to the Fury and Re-
venge of our Popish Adversaries,

Neither they, nor we, have forgot the glorious Stand made by the Uni-
versities against Popery and arbitrary Power, which in a great Measure con-
tributed to the late happy Revolution; and they well know, how inconsistant
our Sentiments and Principles are with that dreadful and cruel Superstition,
which is both the Effect and the Cause of Ignorance.

If we wanted any other Motives, besides those of Duty and Interest, to
engage our most zealous and steady Attachment to your Majestys Person and
Government, Gratitude Avould oblige us, who have been distinguished by the
Munificence of your Majesty and your Royal Father, to distinguish ourselves,
as well by our utmost Endeavours as our most fervent Prayers, that the same
good Cause, animated by the same Royal Spirit, and guarded by the same
Divine Pro^ddence, which appear'd so remarkably in the late Day of Battle,
may Triumph over all the Attempts of your Majesty's and our Enemies to
distiurb the Peace and interrupt the Prosperity of Great Britain.

" To which his Majesty was pleased to return this most gracious
" Answer: —

I Thank you for this dutiful and affectionate Address. The just Concern
you express for our excellent Constitution in Church and State, is very agreeable
to me. The good Example and Influence of the University, will greatly tend
to preserve in my People a true Regard for my Government, and a just zeal
for our most Holy Religion.

'' They all had the Honour to kiss his Majesty's Hand."(i)

(1) London Gazette, 21 to 26 Feb. 1743 ; Gentleman's Magazine, xiv. 161.

1744] GEORGE THE SECOND. 247

1744.

The following address from the Justices of the Peace for the
County,(i) was agreed upon at the Quarter Sessions held on the 6th
of April : —

The humble Address of ye Justices of ye Peace assembled at ye
General Quarter Sessions of ye Peace holden for ye County of
Cambridge upon ye 6th day of Aprill in ye year 1744.
Most gracious Sovereign,

We your Majesties most dutiful! & Loyal Subjects ye Justices of ye Peace
for your Majesties County of Cambridge in Sessions assembled, beg leave to
declare our utmost abhorrence of ye designs of France in endeavouring to im-
pose upon us a Pretender to your Majesties Throne in violation of your Ma-
jesties undoubted Rights & ye Laws & Liberties of this Kingdom.

As we have all ye reason in ye world to be thoroughly satisfied with your
Majesties most excellent Government, so have we ye greatest Reason to fear
a Pretender solemnly abjured by us; & the more so when we consider by
whom to be forced upon us : a consideration enough to startle any true Eng-
lishman, who uses not to barter his liberty for slavery & oppression; which
must be ye consequence of our becoming a Province to that Kingdom which
most treacherously continues to envy us ye blessings of Peace & a flourishing
trade.

We are very sensible of ye many blessings we enjoy under your Majesties
most auspicious Government, therefore vnth. hearts full of Gratitude for ye
same, humbly beg leave to assure your Majesty to ye utmost of our power
& abilties, we ^^-ill maintain & defend ye same against your Majesties ene-
mies & particularly against that nation so scandalous for its breach of Treaties,
& for its manifest ill treatment lately of your Majesty & your Kingdoms.

That your Majesty may long & happily reign over us & after that your
royal crowns may descend to ye latest Posterity on ye progeny of your Royal
House are ye ardent wishes of us your Majesties most dutifull subjects. (2)

An Act which received the royal assent on the 12th of May, con-
tains the following clause : —

And whereas divers persons have of late taken cellars, vaults or ware-
houses, w^ithin the university of Oxford, and the precincts thereof, in which
they retail great quantities of wine, not having licence from the chancellor
or vice chancellor of the said university, in violation of the rights of the
said university, and in prejudice of his Majesty's revenues : axd whereas

(1) "The reason why this Address was signed only by the Justices was, becausethe High
"' Sheriff had neglected to do it: on which account when the Meeting was upon the 6th of
" Aprill aforesaid, Mr. Ward of Wilbraliam the High Sheriff, who had amind to be Knighted
" as had happened before upon the same occasions, came amongst us desiring that he might
" sign it also, & be at the head of it, biit this Mr, Nightingale the Chairman would by no
" means consent to, he having the same view as Mr. Ward, which he owned freely to me ;
" tho' how it was, that he refused it, when it was ollered, is to me a Mystery, seeing he was
" so violently bent upon it at that time : He had also some thoughts of recovering the Title
" of Baronet now siuik, or dormant in one Granado Nightingale of Barrington, for whom I
" have sign'd many times a licence for keeping an alehouse, & is a very worthless fellow;
" this person is head of the family & has several children ; so that the Title is not likely to
" come into Mr. Nightingale's family very soon: as he could not obtain this, so he would
" not accept of the other." — MS. Cole, vii. 89.

(2) MS. Cole, vii. 88.

248 GEORGE THE SECOND. [1744

the like offences may be committed within the university of Cambridge,
and the precincts thereof, by persons selling wine by retail, not being duly
licensed by the said university : and whereas the acts of parliament re-
lating to Avine licences do not extend to the said universities ; be it enacted
by the authority aforesaid. That from and after the twenty fourth day of June,
one thousand seven hundred and forty four, no person or persons shall sell
wine by retail, within either of the said universities, or the precincts of either
of them, unless such person or persons shall be duly licensed or authorized
so to do, by the chancellor or vice chancellor of the said university of Oxford,
and by the chancellor, masters and scholars of the said university of Cam-
bridge! l) respectively, upon pain of forfeiting for every offence the sum of five
pounds ; one moiety thereof to the use of his Majesty, his heirs and succes-
sors ; and the other moiety to the informer ; and that all persons offending
against this act, shall and may be prosecuted and proceeded against for the
said forfeitures, in the courts of the chancellors or vice chancellors of the said
universities respectively, in a summary way, by summoning the party accused
to appear in the said courts respectively; and on appearance, or contempt of
the party accused, by not appearing, being duly summoned, and oath thereof
made, such courts may examine the matter, and upon confession of the party
accused, or on the oath of one credible ■v\dtness, of such party's having offended
against this act, such courts respectively shall and may give sentence against
such party, and issue their warrant or warrants for le-vying the said forfeitures,
by distress and sale of the goods of the party offending, rendering the over-
plus, if any, to the party on whom such distress shall be made ; and for want
of such distress, shall and may commit such offender or offenders to the house
of correction, there to remain without bail or mainprize, for the space of one
month ; and such sentence or sentences shall be, and are hereby declared to
be taken and adjudged to be good, valid and effectual in the law; and that
no writ of Certiorari, or other process shall issue or be issuable to remove
any such sentence from the said courts of the said chancellors or vice chan-
cellors, respectively, or to remove any order or other proceedings made or
taken by the said courts respectively, upon, touching or concerning any such

(1) The following- grace was passed Feb. 1, 1744-45 : —

" Cum plurima evenii-e possint academiffi incommoda si ii quibus vinum vendendi licentia
" (uti vocatur) fuerit concessa per ministros sues aut deputatos oenopolse officium exequi
" vel aliis mercede pacta delegare permittautur

" Placeat vobis ut qiiilibet cui in posterum hujusmodi licentia a vobis concedatur
*' oenopolse munus in propria sua persona exequi etin taberna sua vinariacontinuo habitare
" teneatur etsi quis hoc decretumin aliquo violaverit et hujusmodi violationis coram pro-
*' cancellaiio legitime convictus fuerit licentia illi prius a vobis concessa ipso facto irrita sit
" et pro nulla habeatur et ut alius in locum delinquentis infra quatuordecim dies a tempore
" convictionis hujusmodi continue numerandos eligatur.

" Placeat etiam ut quilibet qui in posterum ad officium oenopolse eligetur statim post
" clectionem ipsius in plena congregatione regentium et non-regentium chirographo in mille
" libris sterlingorum academite persolvendis ad hujusce decreti observationem obligetur :
" alioquin electio ipsa Tirtute hujus ordinationibus cassa sit atque irrita.

" Placeat POKRO utliterarum vestrarumpateutium cenopolis in posterum concedendarum
" tenor sit istiusmodi

" A.B. summus academise Cantabrigiensis cancellarius magistri et scholares ejusdem
" omnibus Christi fidelibus prsesentes has literas inspecturis visuris vel audituris salutem in
" Domino sempiternam. Sciatis quod nos pra;fati cancellai'ius magistri et scholares dictse
" universitatis ordinavimus et assignaviraus et per prresentes ordinamus et assignamus
" dilectum nobis in Christo N.B. unum ex quatuor venditoribus vini sive tabernariis nostris
" dantes et concedentes eidem N.B. facultatem et licentiam ad beneplacitum nostrum tan-
" tummodo duraturam tabernam exercendi ac vendendi et retaliendi vina cujuscunque
" generis infra villam Cantabrigice prsedictse ac suburbia et prsecinctus ejusdem rationali-
" bus tamen pretiis per nos de tempore in terapus assignandis et limitandis et quamdiu
" tantum prsedictus N.B. tabernarii munus in propria sua persona executus fuerit et in
" taberna sua vinaria habitaverit.

'* In cujus rei testimonium, &c." — Stat. Acad. Cantab p. 421.

1745] GEORGE THE SECOND. ^49

sentence, into any of his Majesty's courts of record at Westminster, until the
party or parties against whom such sentence shall be given, before the allow-
ance of such writ of Certiorari, or other process, shall find two sufficient
sureties, to become bound to the prosecutor or prosecutors of such offenders,
in the sum of fifty pounds, with condition to prosecute the same with effect,
within twelve months, and to pay unto the prosecutor or prosecutors his or
their full costs and charges of the removal of such sentence, and the proceed-
ings thereon, in case such sentence shall be affirmed; any law, statute, provi-
sion or usage to the contrary notwithstanding.! ')

In September this year, was published here the first number of

a weekly newspaper entitled " The Cambridge Journal and Weekly

Flying Post."(2)

1744^ On the 3rd of January, was buried at Little St. Mary's, Valentine

77 J Ritz, a German, who had lived at Cambridge above fifty years, and

was a painter of some excellency .(3)

1745.

In an Act relative to the qualification of Justices of the Peace,
which received the royal assent on the 2d of May, is the following
proviso : —

Provided always. That this act, or any thing herein contained, shall not
extend, or be construed to extend, to any of the heads of colleges or halls in
either of the two universities of Oxford and Cambridge, or to the vice chan-
cellor of either of the said universities, or to the mayor of the city of Oxford,
or of the town of Cambridge, but that they may be and act as justices of the
peace of and in the several counties of Oxford, Berks, and Cambridge, and the
cities and towns within the same, and execute the office thereof as fully and
freely in all respects as heretofore they have lawfully used to execute the
same, as if this act had never been made ; any thing herein before contained
to the contrary notwithstanding. (4)

On the 2nd of May,('''^) the royal assent was given to an act to
repair and widen the road leading from Godmanchester through
Fenstanton and Cambridge to the First Rubbing House on Newmar-
ket Heath.(6) The Chancellor masters and scholars and Mayor
bailiffs and burgesses had petitioned in favour of this act.(~) In the
petition of the latter it is stated that by this road the counties of
Norfolk, Suffolk and Essex communicated with the northern counties,

(1) Stat. 17 Geo. II. c, 40, s. 11.

{2) The earliest number of this piper I have been able to meet witli is No. 1.37, Satur-
day,' Sept. 19, 1747. " Cambridg-e. I'lintcd by R. Walker and T. James next the Tlieatrc
Coffee House."

(3) MS. Cole, xii. 126.

(4) Stat. 18 Geo. II. c. 20, s. 15.

(.5) An unsuccessful attempt to procure an Act for repairing? the road from Godman-
chester to Cambridge was made in 1710-1. — Coiunious' , Journals, xxiii. r)'.)3.

(6) Stat. 18 Geo. II. c. 23.

(7) Commons' .Journals, xxiw 733, 710.

VOL. IV. I I

250 GEORGE THE SECOND. [1745

and received a great supply of wool for carrying on tlieir manufac-
tures, and that many hundred waggons passed this road to Stur-
bridge fair annually in the month of September.

On the 23rd of July, the Corporation made an order " that for the
future no Alderman shall hereafter be chosen Town Clerk."(n

On the 15th of August, the common seal of the town was affixed
to the following remonstrance against the rebuilding of Denver
sluice : —

To his Grace the Duke of Bedford, the Bailiffs and Commonalty of
the Corporation of the Great Level of the Fens called Bedford
Level.
The Remonstrance of the Mayor Bailiffs and Burgesses of the town of
Cambridge in behalf of themselves and all others concerned in the navi-
gation to and from the port of King's Lynn, in the county of Norfolk.
Sheweth,
That whereas this and the neighbouring counties of Essex, Hertford, Suf-
folk, and several others, are supplied from the said port with many necessaries
of foreign produce, making returns in their own natural productions of corn
and grain whereby they amply contribute to the general trade of the nation,
many thousands of poor are constantly employed, his Majesty's revenue ad-
vanced, with sundry other obvious advantages accruing from the consideration
of trading communities, and tliis by enjoying a free open and uninterrupted
communication -with the said port of King's Lynn:

And whereas your remonstrants having been informed of a scheme set on
foot by mistaken or ill designing persons for repairing and rebuilding of Den-
ver sluice, which former experiences have proved to be pernicious and destruc-
tive of the general navigation to the said port, not only from this county but
also from those of Northampton, Bedford, Huntingdon, Suffolk, &c. trading
to King's Lynn :

Your remonstrants therefore hope and intreat the honourable Corporation
that you will not any more cause the said river to be sluiced or dammed, or
any alteration therein to be undertaken, however not without publishing your
proposals for the same that all due time may be had to represent particularly
the xmhappy consequences the said navigation will sustain thereby.

And your remonstrants will ever acknowledge the justice and wisdom of
your Grace and the honovirable Corporation.

Given under our common seal at the Guildhall of the said town this 15th
day of August, 1745.(2)

At Kensington on the 20th of September, " the Rev. Mr. Prescot,
" Master of Catharine Hall, and his Grace the Duke of Newcastle,
" High Steward of the University of Cambridge, attended by several
" Heads of Houses, Doctors in the several Faculties, Masters of Arts,

(1) Corporation Common Day Book.

(2) Corporation Coucher.

On the 29th of May, 1747, the Corporation of Cambridge resolved to subscribe twenty
guineas in conjunction with the Corporation of Lynn and others, in order to obtain an
injunction to put a stop to the works of Denver shiice then carrying on. (Corporation
Common Day Book.) Opposition, however, appears to have been ineffectual, the sluice
being rebuilt in or about 1748, from a plan of Mons. Labelye the famous architect of
Westminster bridg-e. (Wells, Hist, of Bedford Level, i. 746,747.)

1745] GEORGE THE SECOND. ^5J

" and other members of that learned Body, waited on his Majesty in
" their Formalities, with the following Address : —

To THE King's most Excellent Majesty.
The humble Address of the Chancellor, Masters, and Scolars of the

University of Cambridge.
Most Gracious Sovereign,

We your Majesty's most dutiful and loyal Subjects, the Chancellor, Mas-
ters, and Scholars of your University of Cambridge, humbly beg Leave to ex-
press our unfeigned Joy upon your Majesty's safe return to your British Do-
minions.

The unnatural Rebellion lately broke out in Favour of a Popish Abjxir'd
Prc^endci-, encouraged and Supported (as there is the greatest Reason to ap-
prehend) by a Foreign Power, is an attempt, which we cannot but look upon
with the utmost Abhorrence ; and we desire most faithfully to assure your
Sacred Majesty, that we will constantly endeavour, by all the Means in our
Power, to defeat the wicked and traitorous Designs of those, who aim at the
Subversion of your Majesty's Government, and consequently of our Laws, our
Liberties and our Religion.

As we are truly sensible these invaluable Blessings can only be preserved to
the Kingdoms by the Protestant Succession in your Royal House, we esteem
it our indispensable duty to instil principles of Loyalty and Obedience to your
Majesty into all those who are committed to our care, and to form them to
an early Attachment to our present happy Constitution in Church and State.

May your Majesty's Counsels and Arms prevail to the secure Establishment
of the Liberties of Europe ; may you Triumph over your Enemies at hom-e
And abroad ; and may you long continue to reign over a free and happy People.

" To which Address his Majesty was pleased to return this most

" gracious Answer : —

I Thank you for this loyal and affectionate Address : The Abhorrence you
express, for the Attempts to overturn our excellent Constitution in Church
and State, is not only very agreable to me, but must greatly tend to confirm
my People in Principles of Duty and Affection to my Government.(l)

On the 24th of September, the Corporation voted the following
address to the King, to whom it was presented by Lord Montfort
High Steward of the Town : —

To THE King's most Excellent Majesty.

• The humble Address of the Mayor, Bailiffs, and Burgesses of the
Town of Cambridge.

We your Majesty's most loyal and obedient Subjects of this Corporation do
most humbly beg leave to express our Joy for your Majesty's safe Arrival
in your British Dominions after the great Fatigue and Hazard to which your
Majesty hath, as a Common Father of your People, and for the welfare and
good of mankind, exposed your Sacred Person.

We beg likewise to congratulate your Majesty on the success of your Arms
in America in the Reduction of Cape Breton, which cannot be but of the
greatest consequence to the Trade and Commerce of this Nation: And at the
same time to declare our utmost Abhorrence and Detestation of the daring

(1) Loudon Gazette 17 to 21 Sept. 1745; Gentleman's Magazine, xv. 481,

2^2 GEORGE THE SECOND. [1745

and insolent attempts made by some of your disobedient and rebellious Sub-
jects in North Britain, encouraged, by the Grand disturber of Europe, in
Favour of an abjured and popish Pretender to your Majesty's Crown and
Kingdoms. And we do sincerely and unanimously assure your Majesty, that
we will at this critical Juncture, and at all Times, and upon all Occasions,
exert the utmost of our Abilities, and contribute whatever lies in our Power,
for the Preservation of your sacred Person and Government in Opposition to
all Invaders.

Given under oiu* Common Seal the Twenty fourth day of September in the
year of our Lord One thousand seven hundred and forty-five. (1)

The subjoined address from the Lord Lieutenant, Deputy Lieu-
tenants and Justices of the Peace for the county was agreed to on
the 4th of October. It was drawn up by Soame Jenyns Esq. and Dr.
Conyers Middleton :—

To THE King's most excellent Majesty.
We your Majesties most dutifull & loyal subjects ye Lord Lieutenant,
Deputy Lieutenants & Justices of ye Peace for ye County of Cambridge moved
by a sense of our Duty as Englishmen, & of our Religion as Protestants,
beg leave in this time of public danger to assure your Majesty of our
unfeigned Zeal for your sacred Person & Government, and being truly
sensible of ye Blessings we enjoy under your mild & just administration, can-
not but look with ye utmost abhorrence on ye attempts now made by a Popish
Pretender supported by ye perpetual enemies of these Kingdoms to overturn
our happy constitution in Church & State.

We are determined therefore to take the most effectual measures in our
power tOAvards defeating these traitorous & wicked designs, & defending your
Majesty & your Royal family, as ye only means under God that can secure
to us & our posterity ye invaluable benefits by which we are so happily dis-
tinguished from all other nations.

Dated at Cambridge the 4th day of October, 1745.

[Lincoln,] Richard Walker,

[MoNTFORT,] Edward Leeds,

Soame Jenyns, Wm. Cole,

Christopher Jeaffreson, Robert Clarke,
Edward Lawrence, John Stevenson,

DiNGLEY ASKHAM, PeTER LeHEUP,

Tho. Watson Ward, Thomas Green,

Thomas Western, Coniers Middleton,

Wm. Greaves, B.B. Robekt King.(2) *

The following engagement was drawn up and signed on the 22nd
of November :(3) —

Whereas by ye encouragement & assistance of our inveterate enemies a
part of his Majesties Subjects have most traitorously levied war against him,

(1) London Gazette, 28 Sept. to 1 Oct. 1745.

(2) MS. Cole, vii. 89.

(3) " Fryday, Oct. 11, 1745, being the General Quarter Sessions for the County, Mr.
" Jenyns read to vis a Letter Avhich he then received from my Lord Lincoln, signifying that
' 'his Majesty was well pleased with our Address, & to let ixs know that he thought it proper
"for us to enter into no association or subscription till he had acquainted the Duke of
"Somerset with it, & that my Lord Chancellor & Lord Montford were of that opinion also,

1745] GEORGE THE SECOND. 26S

& under ye banner of yc son of a Popish Pretender to his Crowns, invaded
this kingdom, thereby threatning ye subversion of our religion, Laws & Liberties.

We ye Lord Lieutenant, Nobility, Deputy Lieutenants, Justices of ye Peace,
Gentry, Clergy, Freeholders, & others of ye County of Cambridge, & Isle of
Ely, moved with a just sense of our duty to our country, ourselves & cm-
Posterity, in order to secure ye inestimable blessings of a free Protestant
Government & avert ye dreadful calamities which must inevitably attend ye
success of this wicked & audacious enterprize, do in this time of common danger
solemnly engage to support each other in defence of his Majesty King George
y«? 2nd, our only rightfull Sovereign & his family, & in maintenance of our
most excellent constitution in Church & State, & to that end by force of Arms
& otherwise, to resist, oppose & pursue ye said Popish Pretender & all his
adherents & abettors whatsoever.

Done at Cambridge this 22 of November, in ye of our Lord 1745, and in yc 19
year of ye reign of our most gracious Sovereign King George ye 2nd.(l)

At the same time a general subscription for raising recruits for
the King's forces was entered into, the following document being
signed by the subscribers : —

We w'hose names are hereunto subscribed do oblige ourselves to advance
ye sums of money respectively set against our names, for ye raising recruits
for his Majesties Forces (as being ye most speedy & effectual method of pro-

" and that as soon as he should have heard from his Grace", he -would acquaint us with
" his further advice. At this meeting Mr. Western publickly accused at the table before
"all the Company, being- a numerous meeting of almost all the Justices for the ('ounty,
" Mr. Commissary Greaves, with being the author & reporter of a scandal, as if he, the said
" Mr. Western, should have been extreamly averse to any Association : Mr- Greaves shuffled
" it off as visual, partly by denying of the charge & partly by saying that he only heard it
" generally reported a't Newmarket ; but that he did not say that he was particularly against
" it, Mr. Western did not seem to be satisfied with the answer no more than the rest of the
" company.

" We were afterwards informed that the Duke of Somerset, my Lord Chancellor & others
" at the helm were not for encouraging a Subscription : & it was intimated that Mr. Greaves
" had put a stop to any further proceedings by his over business in the affair & his meddling
" in it ; so that it was thought not proper at that time ; and we heard no further of it till it
" was advertized in the Cambridge Journal of the 16 of November ; when the young Cheva-
•' lier & his party had strengthed themselves by the capture of Carlisle & were advancing
" a pace into the south : when it was thought high time to look about \is ; & accordingly,
" on Fryday the 22d of November, according to the desire of the Earl of Lincoln our Lord
" Lieutenant & Gustos E.otulorum of this County, we met at the Town Kail on the Market
*' Hill in Cambridge, where my Lord Montford opened the meeting with an excuse for my
" Lord Lincoln's not attending in person, by reason of his Countess expecting every hour to
'• lie in with her first child : but that he had commissioned him to act for him : Then an
" association was read by the Clerk of the Peace, Mr. Alderman York, & proposals for a
" present subscription, of money, whereof only a lOth part was to be paid down now. Then
" •Committee of 9 for the County, whereof my Lord Montford & the Gentlemen named me
" one, but I begg'd his Lordship to excuse me, so my lord named Mr. Benet of Babram in
" my room, & 7 for the Isle of Ely, Mr. Greaves was tliought to have influenced a few gen-
*• tlemen who subscribed with him, that they put doAvn so small a sum considering their
" estates ; but it was conjectured that because they were not permitted to have the lead in
" this affair, so they were determined to damp as much as he could ; tho' he had been
" raising a ferment throughout the County & University. When it was seen how the ])rimc
" Gentry of the County subscribed, others of more moderate fortunes, did not do more
" because of their example; but it was also thought many were pleased to have such a rule
" to go by. However 3 Gentlemen of my friends who had subscribed only 20 Guineas apiece
" at first, presently altered their minds & put doM-n 50. These were Colonel Yachel of
" Abington, Captain llichardson of Hinxton, & Mr. Carter of Wcstow by Linton. Lord
" Montford subscribed for the Earls of Lincoln & Godolphin : & Mr. York, eldest son of my
'* Lord Chancellor subscribed for his father. His brother Colonel York was in the room &
" enlisted about 17 Soldiers this day. Mr. ^Ym. Finch, Merchant of Cambridge was ap-
" pointed Treasurer; & he collected the tenth part that day at the Rose after Dinner. The
"(Jcntlemen of the other Club refused to join in the association or Subscription; but
"look'd upon it, as they gave out, as a party business." — MS. Cole, \n. 'JO.

(I) MS. Cole, vii. 91.

254 GEORGE THE SECOND. [1746

viding for y® common safety of ye whole) upon ye following conditions : viz.

1. Four Guineas to be paid to each man as enlisting money.

2. The men to engage for ye space of six months, or until ye Rebellion

shall be extinguished.

3. That ye men enlisted be under forty years of age & above eighteen &

be at least five foot five inches in height.

4. That ye men shall not be draughted, or sent abroad.

Subjoined is a list of the subscribers with the suras contributed by

each : —

£ 8 d

Henry Earl of Lincoln Lord Lieutenant of the County, Philip

Lord Hardwicke Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain,
Francis Earl Godolphin, Henry Lord Montfort, Christo-
pher Jeaffreson, Esq. £500 each 2500 0 0

Samuel Shepheard, Esq 400 0 0

The Hon. Philip Yorke, Soame JenjTis, Esq., Viscount Dup-

plin, the Corporation of Cambridge, £200 each .... 800 0 0

Peter Allix, D.D. Dean of Ely 100 0 0

William Vachell, John Richardson, Thomas Carter, G. Greene,
Robert Akehurst, Aungier Peacocke, Robert King, Sir
George Downing, Bart., Thomas Ewin, Robert Bridge, £50

each 500 0 0

E. Nightingale, Thomas Western, John Stevenson, William
Greaves, B.B., Peter Leheup, William Hetherington, Tho-
mas Sturges, Robert Green, William Ingle, William Finch,
Charles Greene, Eyton Butts, E. Lawrence, Dingley Ask-

ham, Mary Hatton, £25 each 375 0 0

Thomas Westby, Esq. £21 ; Edward Bassett, £20 ... . 41 0 0
Clement Tookie, Joseph Cock, John Cock, William Porter,
Roger Rant, Thomas Watson Ward, Thomas Wale, Richard

Huddleston, Charles Marshall, £10 10s. each 94 10 0

E. Partheriche, Charles Plumptre, Henry Morley, William Cole,
Robert Wenhum, Francis Pitt, Thomas Talbot, JohnHanc-
hett, William Greaves, Anthony Froling, Thomas Moore,
Thomas Life, Thomas Swale, William Mott, Thomas Half-
hyde, Henry Hall of Foulmire, J. Perkins of Triplow,

£10 each 170 0 0

Sutton John Coney, Esq., T. Malyn, £8 each 16 0 0

Roger Barker, Samuel Burford, Gotobed East, Ralph Hare,

Joseph Davis, Peak Rickard, John Drage, John Warren, »

Thomas Pingey, James King, Richard Collier, Robert Hock-
ley, Alexander Ingrey, George Farran, Devereux Serjeant,
John Hide, Henry Flack, John Mortlock, W. Lunn, Francis
Buckle, William Beldam, Thomas Thurgood, James Howes,

Isaac Coxall, £5 5s. each 126 0 0

M. Wilkin, Thomas Cockayne, Robert Churchman, John Bird,

£5 each 20 0 0

Samuel Luke, £3 3s. ; Richard Wakeling, £3 ; John West,
£2 2s.; James Robinson, £2 2s.; James Bentham, £2;
Thomas Metcalfe, £2; Joseph Porter, £1 10s.; W.Har-
rison, £1 Is -^ ^^ ^^ ?,,,

£5159 8 0(^)

(1) MS. Colc,vii. 93.

1746] GEORGE THE SECOND. 255

The University on the 30th of November, voted £100. from the
common chest for raising soldiers.(i)
^-.-N At a sessions held on the 4th of February, the Court ordered the

I Chief Constable to pay to Alderman Pretlove a bill of £1. 6s. for a

46 J ducking chair at the Great Bridge.(2)

1746:

At Kensington on the 14th of May, "the Reverend Dr. Rooke,
" Master of Christ College and Vice Chancellor of the University of
" Cambridge, and his Grace the Duke of Newcastle High Steward of
" the University, attended by several Heads of Houses, Doctors in
" the several Faculties, Masters of Arts and other members of that
" learned Body, waited on his Majesty in their Formalties, with the
" following Address : —

To THE King's most Excellent Majesty.
The humble Address of the Chancellor, Masters, and Scholars, of

the University of Cambridge.
Most Gracious Sovereign

"VVe your Majestys most dutiful and loyal Subjects, the Chancellor, Masters,
and Scholars of your University of Cambridge deeply sensible of the great
Importance of the signal Victory lately obtained by your Majesty's Arms under
the Command of his Royal Highness the Duke of Cumberland, over the Rebels,
beg Leave to offer our most hearty and unfeigned Congratulations to your
Majesty on this happy Event.

As the Apprehension of what must have been the Consequences, had they
succeeded in their wicked and traiterous Attempts, was beyond Measure alarm-
ing ; so the effectual Stop that has been put to them, excites equal sentiments
of Joy in the Hearts of all your Majesty's faithful Subjects: and this Joy is
the more affecting, when we see this great work accomplished by a Prince,
whose Actions bespeak his Illustrious Descent, and whose admirable Conduct
and Heroic Bravery, at the same time that they gained immortal Honour to

(1) " 1745— Nov. 26. Grace to give £400. from the chest, for his Majesty's service,
" with an appointment of Syndics for tlie disposal of it. Stopt by the Non-Re?ents, be-
" cause too many of the Heads were to be made Syndics. Grace carried to the Vice Chan,
" by Mr. Ross, joh ; refused by him to be read.

" Nov. 30. Grace passed to give £400. Ad Novos milites conseribendos, et vcteres sub-
" levandos, without appointing- any persons to have the disposal of it.

" Dec. 4. The Vice Ch. having- made some alterations in the Grace offered by Mr. Ross,
" and those alterations being- ag-reed to by Mr. Ross, &c., it was expected he would have
" read it ; but he refused it, & read another, which therefore did not pass, the votes in
" the Non-Reg-ent House being-, placets 26, Non-Placets, 26.

" Dec. 5. The same Grace (with only the addition of Senr. Non-Regent, & Scnr. Regent
" to the Syndics) read again, & stopt by the Non-Regents, Placets 27, Non-placets 29. After
" this, a Grace passed the Caput, to impower the Vice Ch. to pay 4 Guineas (out of the £400.
" before granted) to every soldier that should be procured by any member of the Senate, &
" enlisted among his Majesties forces.

*' Objected to the Regius Professor being in the Caput; because by the foundation of the
" Professorship, he ought not Officium Magistratum aut Lecturam aliam in Academia habere.

" Dec. 6. This last Grace passed, Non-Regents, Placets 36, Non-Placets 16, Regents
" Placets 26, Non-Placets 20."— Mr. Hubbard's Book, (MS. Cole, li. 113.)

(2) Town Sessions Book.

256 GEORGE THE SECOND. [1746

himself, have in one glorious Day under God, secured to your People the
most valuable of all Blessings, the full Enjoyment of their Religion, Liberties,
and Laws,

Every Return therefore of Duty and Gratitude that can be paid, are due
to your Majesty, whose Care for, and Love of your People determined you
to employ one so near and dear to you on this important occasion.

And when these are, we persuade ourselves the general Sentiments of our
Fellow Subjects, they are ours in a particular manner, and upon particular
Considerations, "VVe are sensible that had the desperate Designes of your
Majesty's Enemies succeeded, this loyal University would have stood exposed
to their severest Vengeance, and that a Protestant Seminary of Learning must
have met with nothing but the cruellest Treatment, from a bigotted Conqueror
acting under the Influence of a popish Clergy,

There was no Danger indeed, ivhich we should not (if called upon) have
encounter'd with chearfulness in Defence of your Majesty and the Cause of
our Country ; but being now so happily, by the Blessing of God upon your
Majesty's Counsels and Arms freed from all Apprehensions of them, it shall
be our Business, as it is our Duty, to give constant and substantial proof of
our Loyalty to, and Zeal for your Majesty, by infusing them, as far as we
are able, into all those who are under our Influence, or shall be committed
to our Care.

May the same good Providence, which hath wrought this great Deliverance
for us, continue to watch over your Majesty's sacred Person, and prosper your
Endeavours to advance the "Welfare of these Kingdoms and establish the Liber-
ties and Tranquility of Europe.

" To which Address his Majesty was pleased to return the fol-
" lowing most gracious Answer : —

I thank you for this affectionate Address. Your congratulations on the
Success of my Arms, under the Command of my Son the Duke, against the
Rebels, are very agreeable to me, and are a fresh mark of your Duty and
Affection to my Person and Government. The University may always depend
upon my Favour and Protection.(l)

At the summer assizes, one Brinkley an undergraduate of St.
John's College, was tried for the murder of James Ashton scholar
of that college, on the 10th of March preceding. It appears to have
been a most mysterious case.(2) Brinkley " was acquitted upon want
" of proper Evidence : tho' he was much suspected by most people
" to be ye Murtherer. He was however not suffered to stay in Col-
" lege afterwards. "(3)

The 9th of October, was observed as a day of thanksgiving for
the suppression of the Scotch rebellion. There was a sermon be-
fore the University at St. Mary's.(^)

(1) London Gazette, 13 to 17 May 1746; Gentleman's Magazine, xvi. 256.

(2) Gentleman's Magazine, xvi. 468, 460.

(3) MS. Cole, iii. 140.

(4) Mr. Hubbavtl'.s Eook, (MS. Cole, LI. 114.)

1747] GEORGE THE SECOND. 057

On the 11th of December, there -vvas a contested election for the
Professorship of Anatomy. The candidates were William Gibson
M.D. of Jesus College, Samuel Hutchinson M.A. fellow of St. John's
College, and John Scotman M.A. fellow of Caius College. Dr. Gibson
was successful, the votes being Gibson 55 ; Hutchinson 43 ; Scotman
42.(1)

In an act respecting window duties, which received the royal assent
on the 5th of February, it was provided that each distinct apartment
in any College or Hall in any of the Universities in Great Britain,
should be subject to the same rates or duties as if it were an entire
house paying to church and poor. (2)

1747.

In April, was acted in Pembroke College hall,(3) a comedy called
A Trip to Cambridge or the Grateful Fair, written by Christopher
Smart M.A. fellow of that society. Only two fragments of this play
are extant.(4) It is believed that this is the latest instance of a
public dramatic performance in any College here.

On the 29th of June, the Court of Common Pleas gave judgment
in an action cf trespass, brought by James Austin against King

(1) Mr. Hubbard's Book, (MS. Cole, LI. lU).

(2) Stat. 20 Geo. II. c. 3, s. 32.

(3) " After many disappointments in attempting to get an old play-house at Hunni-
" bun's the coach-maker's, and afterwards the Free-School in Free-School-Lane." — Smart's
Foems, ed. 1791, vol. i. p xiv. n.

(4) "An eminent person who was an actor in it" has given the foUoAving account of
the plot. " The business of the Drama was laid in bringing up an old country Baronet
" to admit his nephew a Fellow Conunoner at one of the Colleges ; in which expedition
" a daughter or niece attended. In their approach to the seat of the Muses, the waters
" from a heavy rain happened to be out at Fenstanton, which gave a young student of
" Fmmanuel an opportunity of shewing his gallantly as he was riding out, by jumping
" from his horse and plunging into the flood to rescue the distressed damsel, who was
" near perishing in the stream, into Avhich she had fallen from her pony, as the party
" travelled on horseback. The swain being lucky enough to effect liis purpose, of course
" gained an interest in the lady's heart, and an acquaintance with the rest of the family,
" wliich he did not fail to cultivate on their arrival at Cambridge, Avith success as far
" as the fair one Avas concerned. To bring about the consent of the father, {or guar-
" dian, for my memory is not accurate) it Avas contrived to have a play acted, of Avhich
" entertainment he Avas highly fond; and the Norwich Company luckily came to Cam-
" bridge just at the time; only one of the actors had been detained on the road; and
" they could not perform tlie play that night, vmless the Baronet Avould consent to take
" a part; Avhich, rather than be disappointed of his favourite amusement, he Avas prc-
•' vailed upon to do, especially as he Avas assured that it Avould amount to nothing more
" tiian sitting at a great table, and signing an instrument, as a Justice of Peace might
" sign a Avarrant; and, having been some years of the (inorum, he felt himself quite
" equal to the undertaking. The under play to be acted by the NorAvich company on
" this occasion, Avas the Bloody War of the King of Diamonds Avitli the King of Spades ;
" and the actors in it came on Avith their respective emblems on their shoulders, taken
" from the suits of the cards they represented. The Baronet was the King of one of
" the parties, and in signing a declaration of Avar, signed his consent to the marriage
" of his niece or daughter, and a surrender of all her fortune."

The actors Avere Mr. Smart the author, Mr. Grimston of Trinity Hall, Dr. Cooper aftcr-
Avards Archdeacon of Durham, Mr. Gorden afterwards Precentor of Lincoln, Spencer
Madan of Trinity College afterwards Bishop of Peterborough, .John Randall afterwards
Professor of Music, Mr. Bailcv of Emmanuel College, G. Nailor, 11. Forester afterwards
rector of Passenham. R. Ilalfbrd B.A. of Pembroke College, and R. StonhcAver Esq.—
Smart's Poems, ed. 179L vol. i. j). xiii. n.

VOL. IV. K K

^58 GEORGE THE SECOND. [1747-48

Whittred for seizing his cheese, &:c. at Sturbridge fair in 1745, which
trespass the defendant justified by way of distress damage feasant
made by him as servant to the Corporation, the owners of the fair.
The Court held the plea bad in substance, as every person had of
common right a liberty of carrying his goods to a public fair for
sale.(i)

This year was finished(2) a Shire House, erected at the cost of the
county, on the Market Hill, immediately adjoining the Guildhall.(3)
Although a most incommodious building,(^) it was used for the As-
sizes and County Sessions till 1842, when the County Magistrates
gave it up to the Corporation.

By indenture dated the 30th of September, William Battie(5) M.D.
sometime fellow of King's College, founded and endowed with a
stipend of £20. per annum a scholarship in this University. (6)

On the 10th of November, there was a contest for the rectory of
Irnhara in Lincolnshire (the patron of which was a Roman Catholic)
between James Backhouse M. A. fellow of Trinity College, and Thomas
Swaiuson M.A. fellow of Christ's College. Mr. Backhouse was elected
by a majority of 41.(7)
1747^ The following form of oatb oa admission to every degree was pre-
4g j scribed by a grace of the Senate passed on the 25th of February :(8) —

JuRA-Bis quod nihil ex iis omnibus sciens volens praetermisisti quae per leges
aut probatas consuetudines hujus academiee ad hunc gradum quern ambis adi-
piseendum aut peragenda aut persolvenda requirunter nisi quatenus per gratiam
ab academia concessam tecum dispcnsatum fuerit.

JuRABis ETIAM quod cancellario et procancellario nostro comiter obtempe-
rabis et quod statuta nostra ordinationes et consuetudines approbatas obser-
vabis.

Denique JURABIS quod compositionem inter academiam et collegium regale
factam sciens volens non \'iolabis ladjice si quis in hihliothecam admittendua
sif] et quod in bibliothecam publicam admissus jure isto tuo ita uteris ut quan-
tum in te est nihil inde detrimenti capiat bibliotheca.

Ita te Deus adjuvet et saxcta Dei evangelia.(9)

(1) Willes^s Keports, 623.

(2) First opened Hth of August, 1747.

(3) The site was on the 2d of April, 1746, leased by the Corporation for 999 years, at
a peppercorn rent, to Samuel Shepheard Esq., Sir Robert Clarke Bart., Soame Jenyns
Esq., Sir Edward Lawrence Knt., Edward Leeds Serjeant at Law, Conyers Middleton
D D., Edward Xig-htin^ale, John Stevenson, Dingley Askham, William Greaves, Chester
Pern, Esquires, and William Cole clerk, as trustees for the county.

(4) Vide MS. Cole, xii. 147; MS. Bowtell, vi. 2333; Carter, Hist, of County of Cam-
bridge, 18.

(.5) See an account of Dr. Battle, who died I3th of June 1776, aged 76, in Harwood's
Alumni Etonenses, 304.

(6) Wall, Ceremonies of Univ. of Cambridge, 210.

(7) Cambridge Journal, 14 Nov. 1747.

(8) Vide ante, p. 242.

(9) Stat. Acad. Cantab, p. 423.

1748] GEORGE THE SECOND. ^59

An information and bill was filed in the Court of Chancery by the
Attorney -General, at the relation of Robert Mapletoft B.A., against
the Master fellows and scholars of Clare Hall and William Talbot,
in order to set aside Mr. Talbot's election into a fellowship founded
in or about 1615, by John Freeman Esq. Mr. Talbot pleaded that
the Chancellor or Vicechancellor of the University (with the advice
and assistance of two Doctors or Masters) was Visitor of the Col-
lege and prayed the judgment of the Court whether he ought to be
compelled to make any other answer, or whether the Court ought
to proceed further in the suit. After hearing counsel on both sides.
Lord Hardwicke the Lord Chancellor, on the 21st of March, decided,
first, that on the true construction of the College statutes, the Chan-
cellor of the University was general visitor of the College ; and,
secondly, that his visitatorial power extended to the particular fel-
lowship in question. He therefore allowed the plea.(i) Mr. Maple-
toft subsequently appealed to the Visitor,(2) who determined against
him.

1748.

On the 12th of May, died Thomas Lowndes Esq.,(3) who by his
will dated the 6th of the same month, devised as follows : —

I give and devise all my estate at Overton, and all my lands and heredita-
ments in Smallwood and elsewhere in the County of Chester, and all other my
real estate, unto the Chancellor, Masters, and Scholars of the University of
Cambridge, and their successors for ever (subject nevertheless to the payment
of such of my just debts, as my personal Estate shall not be sufficient to pay)
upon Trust, That they shall for ever pay all the clear Rents and Profits of
my said real Estates annually to the support and maintenance of a Professor
of Astronomy and Geometry in the said University of Cambridge, after deduct-
ing thereout all costs and charges and expences of executing the said Trust
hereby in them reposed, and all Taxes, repairs and other outgoings. "Which
Professor I will shall be for ever called Lowndes's Astron omical and Geometrical
Professor in the University of Cambridge, and shall be from time to time
chosen and appointed by the Lord High Chancellor or Lord Keeper of the
Great Seal of Great Britain, the Lord President of the Privy Council, the
Lord Privy Seal, the Lord High Treasurer or the first Lord Commissioner of

(1) Atkyns's Reports, iii. 662; Yesey sen,, Reports, i.78; Belt, Supplement to Vesey's
Reports, p. 57.

(2) 21 Dec. 1748, the Senate elected Dr. George, Provost of King's College and Dr.
Frederick Cornwallis (afterwards Archbishop of Canterbury) assessors to the Vicechan-
cellor in the matter of this appeal. — Mr. Hubbard's Book {MS. Cole, li. 118).

(3) Mr. Lowndes, who was a great projector, had contracted to supply the navy %vith
brine salt as good or better than French Bay salt. By his will he directed a pi-ofessor-
ship of Civil Law in Oxford to be established out of the profits of his contract with the
Lords of the Admiralty, which I presume did not answer his expectations. He also di-
rected that out of the profits of his contract Avith the Turkey Company £60. per annum
should be paid to each of two clergymen to catechise tlie children in the Foundling Hospi-
tal.— MS. Cole, xxxiii. 4G8 ; MS. Cole, Athena3 Cantabrigienses art. Lowndes Thomas ;
Gentleman's Magazine, xviii. 236.

260 GEORGE THE SECOND. [1748

the Treasury, the Lord Steward of the King's Household for the timb being,
or the major part of them: And I will and desire, that proper statutes, rules
and ordinances in relation to the said Professorship, and the number of the
Lectures to be read therein, and the times for such reading, and all other
regulations for the perpetual Government of the said Professorship, shall be
made by and under the hands and seals of the Right Honorable Thomas Earl
of Macclesfield, Martin Folkes Esq. President of the Royal Society, Doctor
Bradley, and my much honoured friend William Jones Esq. of Beaufort Build-
ings ; which statutes and ordinances shall be for ever binding to the said Pro-
fessors.(1)

The following " Orders for the publick library " were made by the
Senate on the llth of June: —

1. That no person be allowed the use of the library but members of the
university senate and bachelors of law and physick.

2. That no one take or borrow any book out of the library without first
delivering a note for the same to one of the library keepers or his deputy in
his own hand writing expressing his name and college and the year and day
of the month on which such book is taken or borrowed with the classical mark
of the book on pain of forfeiting five pounds or double the value of such book
at the discretion and in the judgment of the vice-chancellor.

3. That the library-keepers or their deputies preserve carefully all such
notes till the books so taken out be returned again to the library duly enter-
ing the same in a book to be kept for that purpose together with the day of
the said retiirn and any damage done to any book on pain of five shillings for
every omission to be paid by them or any of them.

4. That every one who shall borrow or take any book out of the library
return it thither again on or before the next of the four following days, viz.
Michaelmas Day, St. Thomas, Lady Day, and Midsummer Day, or oftener if the
Syndics see occasion and require it under penalty of two shillings for every
folio or quarto and one shilling for every book of less size : the penalty to be
repeated every month till the book be returned or another of the same edition
and equal value placed in its room.

5. That every year on the Friday next after the commencement or oftener
if they see occasion the syndics shall meet in the senate house or elsewhere
at the appointment of the vice-chancellor to give orders and appoint inspectors
for a general survey of the library the Monday following. These inspectors
with the librarians shall make a full and true catalogue of all books wanting
or much damaged expressing in whose custody such books are or by whom
damaged and deliver the same signed by them to the vice-chancellor,

G. That all books in this catalogue be returned to the library perfect and
undamaged or others of the same edition and equal value placed in their room
there within thirty days after notice given on pain of forfeiting five pounds
for every volume not so returned or the full value of the same at the discre-
tion and in the judgment of the vice-chancellor to be paid by him who stands
charged with it or in case no one stands charged with it by the library-keepers
or their deputies or any of them unless it shall appear to the vice-chancellor
that such loss or damage has not happened through any neglect or default
of the said library-keepers or deputies.

(1) :\IS. Cole.xxxiii. 468.

17^8] GEORGE THE SECOND 261

7. That if^fter the said thirty days on enquiry and report to be made by
the said inspectors or otherwise it appears to the vice-chancellor that any
books be still wanting in the library or much damaged he shall order others
■without delay to be procured at the expence of the publick chest and put in
their places.

8. That all the penalties abovementioned shall be levied as other penalties
are by the Queen's Statutes chap. 50. and go one third to the bedels who col-
lect them the rest to the publick chest.

9. That the vice-chancellor heads of colleges all doctors in every faculty the
orator and all publick professors together with the proctors taxors and scru-
tators be syndics for the publick library and that the major part of these or
of so many of them as shall be met on due notice to them all provided such
major part be not less than five of whom the vice-chancellor to be always one
shall have power to order such things as shall be necessary for the better
regulating and securing the same.

Lastly that these orders shall extend to both libraries and continue in
force(l) for three years. (2)

Christopher Anstey B.A. fellow of King's College, being required
to declaim in the schools,(3) and conceiving this to be an infringe-
ment on the rights of his College, began his speech with a rhap-
sody of adverbs, which, with no direct meaning hinted a ridicule on
the authorities of the University. The Vicechancellor then sus-
pended him but restored him again, and he was required to make
a fresh declamation which, as might be expected, only gave him
an opportunity of pointing finer irony in the shape of an apology. (^)
He was thereupon again suspended, and the sentence was con-
firmed on appeal by the delegates. The proceedings are thus noticed
by a contemporary : —

1748. April. — Ds. Anstey suspended by the Vice-Chancellor for his Decla-
mation in the Schools, and restored again not long after.

JuxE 14. — Ds. Anstey again suspended by the Vice-Chan, in his Court, for
speaking an indecent & improper Declamation in the Schools on 4 of June,
& for refusing to deliver it, upon demand to the Vicechancellor. Appeal to
Delegates.

June 18.— Delegates chosen. Dr. Rutherforth, Joh., Mr. Wilson, Trin., Mr.
Brikham, Eman.

July 1. — Court of Delegates met, & after much wrangling for 6 hours by
the Fellows of King's, adjourned to July 6.

6.— Court of Delegates met. King's men behaved with more decency

than before. Court adjourned to July 8 for sentence.

8. Delegates signed their sentence in Court, which declared the Vice-
Chancellor's sentence, firm and valid, & affirmed the same.(5)

(1) These orders were made perpetual by ^-ace 11th June. 1751.— Stat. Acad. Cantab, p.
431.

(2) Stat. Acad. Cantab, p. 424.

(3) Vide, Stat. Acad. Cantab, p. 423.

(4) Anstey, New Bath Guide, ed. Britton, pp. xxvi. 139 ; MS. Cole, xx. 124 ; LI. 115.

(5) Mr. Hubbard's Book (MS. Cole, Li. 115).

2Q2 GEORGE THE SECOND. [1748

Notwithstanding the stringent enactment against theatrical enter-
tainments here,(i) a company of players from the theatres in Lon-
don performed a pantomine called Harlequin's Frolics or Jack
Spaniard caught in a trap, in " Hussey's Great Theatrical Booth
the upper end of Garlic Row " in Sturbridge fair. There were also
at the same booth entertainments of singing and dancing and fire-
works in honour of the approaching peace, accompanied with a
chorus of vocal and instrumental music.(2)

At St. James's, on the 5th of December, "the Reverend Dr. Chap-
*' man, Master of St. Mary Magdalen College, Vice Chancellor of the
" University of Cambridge, and his Grace the Duke of Newcastle,
" High Steward of the said University, with several Heads of
" Houses, Doctors of the several faculties. Masters of Arts, and
" other Members of that learned Body, waited on his Majesty in
" their Formalities, with the following Address, dated the twenty-
" ninth Day of November last :—

The humble Address of the Chancellor, Masters, and Scholars of the

University of Cambridge.
May it please your most Sacred Majesty,

We your Majesty's most dutiful and loyal Subjects the Chancellor, Masters,
and Scholars of your University of Cambridge, beg leave to approach your
Majesty's Throne, with our most sincere and unfeigned Congratulations on
your Majesty's safe and happy return to your British Dominions.

YouK, Majesty's constant and unwearied Endeavom-s to promote the happi-
ness and Prosperity of your People, your steady and invariable Attachment to
their true Rights and Interests and the proper and effectual Means you em-
ployed in their Vindication and Defence in the Course of the just and neces-
sary War in which your Majesty was lately engaged always afforded us the
most rational and well grounded Assurances that they would at length be
crowned with the desired success. And with Hearts full of Gratitude we now
adore the Sovereign Disposer of all Events, who has accordingly made your
Majesty the glorious Instrument of setling the Ballance of Europe upon a firm
and lasting Foundation and of restoring to these Nations in particular the
great and invaluable Blessings of a safe and honourable Peace.

As your Majesty's tender and paternal Concern for the commercial Rights
of your Subjects your strict and religious Observation of the Faith of Treaties
and a just Sense that the Safety and Independence of these Kingdoms is in-,
separably interwoven with that of their antient and natural Allies, were the
wise and just motives that induced your Majesty to try the Event of War ;
so they seem, in a particular Manner, to have directed your Majesty's Con-
duct, in effecting the great Work of Peace. Insomuch that your Majesty's

(1) Vide ante. p. 232.

(2) Cambridge Journal, 17 Sept. 1748.

Hussey's Great Booth at Sturbridge fair is mentioned in the Cambridge Journal 16 Sept.
1749; it seems however there were no theatrical performances, but that the exhibition Avas
confined to a grand view of the Temple in Green Park in celebration of the Peace. In the
Cambridge Journal 23 Sept. 1749, mention is made of the great success of the Widow Ray-
ncr's company of performers at Sturbridge fair.

1718] GEORGE THE SECOND. 26S

People have now the singular Happiness of experiencing the strictest Atten-
tion to the Interest of these Nations rendered, compatible with a due Hegard
for those of your Confederates and the Common Cause.

Fully sensible ourselves, that the Preservation of our Religious and Civil
liberties is inseparably connected with the stability of your Majesty's Throne,
we have used our constant Endeavours to instil into all those who are com-
mitted to our Care a due Reverence for your Majesty's Government, and a
full Conviction of the Justice of those Principles upon which it is established ;
and to these, we shall always think it our indispensable Duty to add our
hearty and most fervent Prayers that yovir Majesty's Reign over us may be
long and happy ; no more disturbed by Foreign Wars or Domestick Insurrec-
tions, But that all your Majesty's Subjects, who cannot but feel, may have
the Gratitude also to acknowledge the many and great Blessings they enjoy
under your Majesty's mild and equal Administration.

Given under our Common Seal the twenty Ninth Day of November, in the
Year of our Lord One thousand seven hundred and forty eight.

" To -vvliich his Majesty was pleased to return this most gra-
cious answer :" —

I Thank you very heartily for this Dutiful Address, The Zeal Loyalty and
AiTection of my University of Cambridge, have eminently distinguished them-
selves upon all Occasions, and justly intitle them to my particular Favour and
Protection.(l)

On the 2cl of December died Charles Duke of Somerset, who
had been Chancellor of the University for nearly sixty years. (2)
About two years before the Duke's death, His Royal Highness
Frederick Prince of Wales had been named as his probable suc-
cessor in the Chancellorship. The Prince was out of favour at
Court, and the King lost no time in intimating to the Univer-
sity that his son's election as Chancellor would be displeasing to
him ; and the Prince requested that his name might not be men-
tioned at the election. (3) The University, on the 14th of December,

(1) Lomlon Gazette, 3 to 6 Dec. 1748 ; Gentleman's Magazine, xviii. 558, 570.

(2) Vide ante, p. 3.

(3) " 1747. May.— The Vice-Chanccllor, Mr. Castle, sent for to the Privy Council, where
" tlie Lord Chancellor read a paper, & then delivered it to the Vice-Chancellor, the purport
" of which was, as follows.

" His Majesty having- heard, that some Persons of the University of Cambridg-e have pro-
" posed his lloyal Highness, the Prince of Wales, for Chancellor of the University, in Case
" of a vacancy, without his Majesty's privity or consent, hopes (though he does not intend
" in any way to interfere in the Election) from the regard he has always shewn to that Uni-
" versity & their duty to him, that they will not choose any of the lloyal family, without his
" Majesty's approbation.

" There were present in the Council, Ld. Chancellor, D. of Bedford, D. of Newcastle, D. of
" Gnifton, D. of Dorset, E. of Chesterfield, E. of Pembroke. At the same time, the Lord
" Cliaiicollor gave the Vice-Chancellor the following Instructions, by word of mouth.

" That he was not to commvuiicate the said paper to tlic University assembled in Congrc-
" gation, nor to any publick meeting of the Heads ; but privately to as many pei'sons as he
" pleased, not suffering any body to take a copy of it. That he Avas particularly to insist
" upon that clause, tliat his Majesty has no intention to interfere in the election.

" .\bout the same time Dr. \Vhalley, Master of Peter House, had a Letter from the Bp. of
" Ely, wherein he told him, tliat he had lately been honoured with his Majesty's Commands
'* by the E. of Cliesterfield, to signify to the University of Cambridge, that his Majesty did
" not ai)prove of their choosing eitlicr of his sons, Chancellor of the University."

Mr. Hubbard's Book (MS. Cole, L'. 114).

g64 GEORGE THE SECOND. [1748

unanimously elected as Chancellor, Thomas Holies Pelham Duke
of Newcastle K.G.(i) and High Steward of the University.(2)

On the 5th of October, was erected in the Senate House a statue
presented to the University by Peter Burrell, Esq. of St. John's
College. It was supposed (o represent Queen Anne, but was ulti-
mately discovered to be a figure of Glory, by Barratta, which had
stood at Canons, the seat of the Duke of Chandos, near the Duke
of Marlborough's statue. Some of the Whig party determined to
effect the expulsion of this statue from the Senate House, and on
the 14th of December a grace passed the Caput and was read in
the two Houses, importing that whereas the statue called Glory had
been put up without any decree of the Senate first had, that the
thanks of the University should be given to Mr. Burrell for the
statue, and that it should be removed out of the Senate House and
placed where the Syndics of the Library should think proper. This
was rejected in the Non-Regent House. Placets 26 ; Non-Placets,
67. " It was pleasantly observed, That it looked odd, That a Grace
** should be proposed with so much Warmth to remove Glory out of

" 1748. July 16. — The Vice-Ch. Dr. Parris, received a Messag-e, delivered by Mr. He-
*' therington, from the Duke of Bedford, to this purpose: That the King had left Orders,
" with the Lords of the Rcg-eucy, to signify to the Vice Chancellor, That liis Majesty
" would very highly disapprove the election of the Prince of Wales to be Chancellor of the
«' University."— Mr. Hubbard's Book, (MS Cole, Li. 116).

Horace Walpole in a letter to George Montagu Esq. dated Aug. 11, 1748, says, " Since the
" Duke of Newcastle went [to Hanover] and upon the news of the Duke of Somersets illness,
*' he has transmitted his commands through the King, and by him through the Bedford to
" the University of Cambridge to forbid their electing any body, but the most ridiculous
" person they could elect, his grace of Newcastle. The Prince hearing this has written to
*' them, that having heard his Majesty's commands, he should by no means oppose them. This
"' is sensible, but how do the two secretaries [the Dukes of Newcastle and Bedford] answer
" such a violent act of authority?" — Horace Walpole's Correspondence, ed. 1840, vol. ii, p.
23 4.

" 1748. Dec. 2. — Dr. Kutherforth received by Express a letter from Dr. Richardson,
" then in London, signifying the death of the Duke of Somerset; & in it, a letter inclosed
" from Dr. Ayscough, Chaplain to the Prince of Wales, to Dr. Richardson, importing, that
■" his Royal Highness having heard (though it had not been notified to him by his Majesty)
" that a message was, some time since, delivered to the Vice Chancellor, from his Ma-
" jesty, signifying, that his Majesty would very much disapprove of the election of any
"of the Royal family, to the office of Chancellor, without his consent. His Royal High-
■" ness desired, if there had been such a message, that his name might not be mentioned at
" the ensuing Election ; and that he should nevertheless do every thing in his power to pre-
" serve the privileges of the University.

" In obedience to this letter, it was immediately declared publickly, that there would be
■" no opposition to the Duke of Newcastle ; and his Royal Highness was not mentioned at
" the Election."— Mr. Hubbard's Book, (MS. Cole, LI. 117).

(1) " In proportion as Oxford declined, her sister university rose in the favour of the
" administration, which she at this period c\iltivated by an extraordinary mark of complai-
*' sance and attachment. The dignity of chancellor in that university being vacant by the
*• death of the duke of Somerset, the nation in general seemed to tliink it Avould naturally
" devolve upon the prince of Wales, as a compliment at all times due to that rank ; but more
" csi)ecially to the present heir apparent, who had eminently distinguished himself by the
" virtues of a patriot and a prince. He had even pleased himself with the hope of receiving'
■" this mark of attachment from a seminary, for which he entertained a particular regard.
" But the ruling members, seeing no immediate prospect of advantage in glorifying even a
" prince, who was at variance with the ministry, wisely turned their eyes upon the illus-
" trious character of the duke of Newcastle, whom they elected without opposition, and
" installed with great magnificence ; learning, poetry, and eloquence, joining their efforts in
" celebrating the shining virtues and extraordinary talents of their new patron."— Smollet,
Hist, of England, xii. 36.

(2) Vide ante, p. 236.

1748] GEORGE THE SECOND. 266

'* tho Senate House immediately after the Duke of Newcastle was
" chosen Chancellor. "(0 On the 16th, a grace to remove the statue
was again offered and again rejected in the Non Regent House,
Placets 5 ; Non-Placets 47. At the same time a grace passed unani-
mously to thank Mr. Burrell for his present.(2)

On the 12th of December, died John Whalley D.D. Master of Peter-
house. He was born at Barnwell, on his mother's way into Nor-
folk.(8) He was of Pembroke Hall, where he took the degree of
B.A. in 1719, was elected fellow of that society 23rd of February,
1720-1, graduated M.A. 1723, and was senior taxor of the University
1730. In 1732, he took the degree of B.D., and in 1733 was elected
Master of Peterhouse. He served the office of Vicechancellor, 1738,
and in 1742, was appointed Regius Professor of Divinity in this
University. He was also a Chaplain in Ordinary to the King. Dr.
Whalley married a daughter of Archdeacon Squire of Wells, and pub-
lished a sermon preached before the House of Commons, 30th of
January, 1739-40. He appears also to have contemplated an edition
of Spenser.(4)

The following Address was presented to the King at St. James's,
by Lord Montfort, High Steward of the Town, and Viscount Dup-
plin, one of the town members. *' Which Address his Majesty was
pleased to receive very graciously:" —

To THE King's most Excellext Majesty.
We your Majesty's most dutiful and loyal Subjects, the Mayor Bailiffs and
Burgesses of the Toun of Cambridge, beg leave to congratulate your Majesty
on your safe return to your British Dominions ; and at the same time to ex-
press our grateful Sense of your Majesty's unwearied Endeavours, in compleat-
ing the happy Re-establishment of the publick Tranquility. Your Majesty had
long since in the course of your auspicious Reign, given many signal and en-
dearing Instances of your affectionate Regard for the Welfare of your Subjects,

(1) MS. Cole, LI. as.

The statue of Academic Glory was removed from the Senate House to make way for
that of Mr. Titt, on which occasion appeared the following- epigram, "By a Lady," —
Sons of Sapience you here a fair emblem disi)lay
For wherever Pitt went he drove Glory away.
It was thus indiflercntly answered : —

Why thus exclaim and thus exert your wit
At making Glory here give place to Pitt ?
We'll raise his statue of the finest stone
For never here a brighter glory shone.

(2) Gentleman's Magazine, xviii. 473 ; Nichols, Illustrations of Literature, i. &1— 70'; Mr.
Hubbard's Book, (MS. Cole, Li. 117). Nicholas Hardingo of King's College wrote a poem
entitled " A Dialogue in the Senate House, at Cambridge," the interlocutors being a stranger
and a bedel. This is given in Nichols's Illustrations of Literature, i. 66. From p. 70 of the
work last cited, it appeals that the design of displacing this statue was still entertained in
June, 1750.

(3) " John the son of John & Elizabeth Whalley," was baptized at BainwcU, 5 Maich,
J G98-9.— Extract from Parish Register, (MS. Bowtell, iv. 822.)

(4) MS. Cole, Athente Cautabrigienscs, art. Whalley Thomas.
VOL. IV. L L

2QQ GEORGE THE SECOND. [1748-49

by your mild and equal Administration, by your Salutary Laws, and your in-
variable Attachment to our excellent Constitution, Nothing Sir could have
added to these our Obligations, had not our Enemies called forth your Majesty
on so important an Occasion to exert your Royal Magnanimity and wisdom in
the brave conduct of a necessary War and in the seasonable conclusion of an
advantageous peace ; equally thereby consulting like a true father of your
people, our Honour as an injured, and our Interest as a trading Nation.
In Return for these your Royal Cares and paternal Goodness both our
Interest and our Duty teach us most ardently to wish that your Majesty may
very long continue to reign much respected abroad much beloved at home
a glorious and a gracious Prince, over a People gratefully loyal flourishing and
free.

Given under our Common Seal the thirteenth Day of December in the year
of Lord one thousand seven hundred and forty-eight.(i)

In celebration of the King's return to England and the peace of
Aix-la-Chapelle, the University published a collection of poems en-
titled, "Gratulatio Academiaj Cantabrigiensis do reditu serenissimi
" Regis Georgii II. post pacem et libertatem Europae feliciter resti-
" tutam Anno m.dcc.xlviii."(2) Amongst the authors were Dr. Tho-
mas Chapman Vicechancellor,(3) Hon. John Cavendish M.A. of St.
John's College second son of the Duke of Devonshire, Hon. Edward
Wingfield of St. John's College eldest son of Viscount Powerscourt,
Hon. Richard Wingfield of St. John's College younger son of Vis-
count Powerscourt, Hon. Frederick Hervey of Corpus Christi College
afterwards Earl of Bristol and Bishop of Derry, Hon. John Yorke of
Corpus Christi College fourth son of the Lord Chancellor, Hon. James
Yorke of Corpus Christi College afterwards Bishop of Ely, Sir George
Strickland Bart, of Corpus Christi College, Philip Yonge M.A. of
Trinity College afterwards Bishop of Norwich, James Marriott of
Trinity Hall afterwards Judge of the Admiralty, Francis Maseres of
Clare Hall, William Mason B.A. of St. John's College, Christopher
Smart M.A. fellow of Pembroke Hall, and William Whitehead M.A.
of Clare Hall.
]748\ Peace was proclaimed on the 9th of February, by the Mayor and
} Corporation, who went round the town in procession accompanied
with flags and music, the woolcombers handsomely dressed with wool
of several colours, and a party of soldiers who fired a round each
time the proclamation was made. In the evening there were illu-
minations, bonfires, and ringing of bells, and two barrels of beer
were given to the populaccC*)

(1) London Gazette, 17 to 20 Dec. 1748.

(2) " Cantabrig-ifc, Typis Academicis cxciulit T. Bonthani. M.DCC'.Xtvin." f'o.

(3) Vide Gentleman's Magazine, xix. 271.

(4) Cambridge Journal, II Feb. 1749.

1749] GEORGE THE SECOND. 267

1749.

The 25th of April being a day of public thanksgiving on account
of the Peace, the Mayor and Corporation went in their formalities
to Trinity church, where an excellent sermon, suitable to the occa-
sion, was preached. In the evening, the town was illuminated, and
all possible demonstrations of joy were shewn by persons of all
ranks.(U

On the 10th of June, died at his seat Gamlingay Park, in Cam-
bridgeshire, Sir George Downing Bart. K.B.(2) By his will,(3) he gave
and devised his estates in Cambridgeshire, Bedfordshire, and Suf-
folk, in trust for his cousin Jacob Garrard Downing, (who succeeded
to the baronetcy) and the heirs of his body, with remainder in trust
for other relations in succession and their issue. In case of failure
of such issue, he devised the same as follows : —

To THE USE AND BEHOOF of the Said Jamcs Earl of Salisbury, Charles Earl
of Carlisle, Nicholas Lechmere, John Pedley, and Robert Pullyn, and their
Heirs, in Trust nevertheless, that they do and shall, as soon as may be, by
and with and out of the rents, issues, and profits of the premises, buy and
purchase the Inheritance and fee simple of some piece of ground, lying and
being in the Town of Cambridge, proper and convenient for the erecting and
building a College, and thereon shall erect and build all such Houses, Edifices,
and buildings as shall be fit and requisite for that purpose which College shall
be called by the name of DoAvning's College : and my will is, that a Charter
Royal be sued for and obtained for the founding such College, and incorpo-
rating a body Collegiate by that name, in and within the University of Cam-
bridge ; which College or Collegiate body shall consist of such Head or Gover-
nor, and of such Fellows, Scholars, Members, and other persons for the time
being, and shall be maintained, governed and ordered by such Laws Rules
and orders, and in such manner, and therein shall be professed and taught
such usefull Learning, as my said Trustees, or their Heirs (by and with the
consent and approbation of the most reverend the Archbishops of Canterbury
and York, and the Masters of Saint John's College and Clare Hall in the said
University of Cambridge, in being at the time of the founding of the said

(1) Cambridge Journal, 28 April, 1749.

(2) Sir George Downing the third baronet of that name, was only son of Sir George Down-
ing the secon-d baronet, by the Lady Cathai-ine Cecil eldest daughter of James Earl of
Salisbury. When about fifteen years of age he was married without his father's consent
and at the persuasion of those in whose custody he then was to Mary Forrester (eldest daugh-
ter ot Sir William Forrester Knt.), who was only thirteen. He never cohabited with this

in ^f^^^'' ^^^'^ "^"^^ ^^' '^^"^'^ ^"^ "^^'^^ unsuccessful in his endeavours to obtain a divorce,
% ,i ^^^ t^V'^t purpose being rejected in the House of Lords by a majority of <wo, 5th
ol May, 1715. In June, 171 1, he succeeded to the baronetcy on the death of his father. He
represented Dunwich in the Parliaments of 1710, 1713, and 1727, and from thence up to the
period of his death. He was installed a Knight of the Bath, June 30th, 1732. His estate
was considered the largest in Cambridgeshire. He built a fine mansion at Gamlingay,
which was pulled down in October, 1776. During tlie latter part of his life he " led a most
miserable, covetous and sordid life." He had a natural daughter to whom he bequeathed
about £20,000., and he left an annuity of £200. to her mother.— Wottou's English Bai-onet-
age, 111. 416; MS. Cole, vii. 36; ix. 152; xix. 49, 115.

^^^ ^iy'in^^ '^^^* of December, 1717, proved in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury, 13th of
J une, 174J,

GEORGE THE SECOND. [1749

College) shall direct, prescribe and appoint : and immediately from and after
the founding and incorporating such College or body Collegiate as aforesaid,
the said James Earl of Salisbury, Charles Earl of Carlisle, Nicholas Lechmere
John Pedley and Robert Pullyn, and their Heirs, shall stand and be seized of
all and singular the said Manors, Lands, Tenements and Hereditaments in
Trust for the said Collegiate body and their successors for ever and as for
toucliing or concerning such of the said Manors, Lands, Tenements, and He-
reditaments and premises whereof or wherein I have or am possessed of any
Estate for any Term or Terms of years, I do hereby declare and appoint that
they the said James Earl of Salisbury, Charles Earl of Carlisle, Nicholas Lech-
mere, John Pedley and Robert Pullyn, and their Executors and Administra-
tors shall stand possessed thereof in Trust that they the said James Earl of
Salisbury, Charles Earl of Carlisle, Nicholas Lechmere, John Pedley and Ro-
bert Pullyn, and their Executors and Administrators shall, from time to time,
assign and convey the same unto such person or persons as shall be intitled
to the actual possession of my said lands of Inheritance by virtue of the
Limitations thereof hereinbefore mentioned.(l)

Hence originated Downing College, established by royal charter
22d of September, 1800.

An Act to enable certain officers, mariners, and soldiers to exer-
cise trades, which received the royal assent on the 13th of June,
contains a proviso that such act should not in any wise be preju-
dicial to the privileges of the Universities of Cambridge and Oxford
or either of them, or extend to give liberty to any person to set
up the trade of a vintner or to sell any wine or other liquors within
the said Universities, without licence first had and obtained from
the Vicechancellors of the same respectively.(2)

The installation of the Duke of Newcastle as Chancellor of the
University took place at Cambridge on the 1st of July. The Uni-
versity being assembled in the Senate House, a deputation was sent
to his Grace, who was at Clare Hall, whence, preceeded by the
Bedeb and several Doctors he came to the Senate House, at the
steps of which he was met by Dr. Chapman the Vicechancellor, who
walked up the Senate House at his left hand. They then ascended
the chair of state, the Duke standing at the left hand thereof, and
the Vicechancellor on the right. A band of music having performed
a short overture, the Vicechancellor made a congratulatory speech
in English. Then he presented the Duke with the patent of office,
which was read aloud by the Senior Proctor. The Vicechancellor
then presented the book of statutes, and taking the Duke's right
liand in his own, the Senior Proctor administered the oath of office.
He was then seated by the Vicechancellor in the chair of state.

(1) MS. Cole, xix. 113.

(•5) Stat. 22 Geo. II. c. U, s. 2.

1749] GEOEGE THE SECOND. ^59

Mr. Yonge the Public Orator having made a Latin oration, the Duke
returned his thanks to the University for the honour conferred on
him. Then was performed the Installation Ode, written by William
Mason M.A. fellow of Pembroke Hall, and set to music by Boyce.
A copy is subjoined : —

An Ode performed in the Senate House at Cambridge July 1, 1749,
at the Installation of his Grace Thomas Holles Duke of New-
castle, CiiANCELLOii of the University.

canit errantcm Permessi ad fluniina Galium

Aonas in monies ut duxerit una Bororum
Utque viro Phcebi chorus assurrexerit omnis-

VlUGIL.

By Mr. Mason, Fellow of Pembroke-Hall.
Set to Musick by Mr. Boyce, Composer to his Majesty.

I.
Recitative. Here all thy active fires diffuse.

Thou genuine British Muse ;

Hither descend from yonder orient sky,

Cloth'd in thy heav'n-wove robe of harmony.
Air I. Come, imperial queen of song ;

Come with all that free-born grace.

Which lifts thee from the servile throng,
Who meanly mimic thy majestic pace;

That glance of dignity divine.

Which speaks thee of celestial line;

Proclaims thee inmate of the sky.

Daughter of Jove and Liberty.

II.
Recitative. The elevated soul, who feels

Thy aweful impulse, walks the fragrant ways
Of honest unpolluted praise :
He with impartial justice deals
The blooming chaplets of immortal lays :
He flies above ambition's low career;
And nobly thron'd in Truth's meridian sphere,
Thence, with a bold and heav'n-directed aim,
Full on fair Virtue's shrine he pours the rays of fame.

III.
Air II. Goddess ! thy piercing eye explores

The radiant range of Beauty's stores.

The steep ascent of pine-clad hills.

The silver slope of falling rills,

Catches each lively-colour'd grace.

The crimson of the wood-nymph's face,

The verdure of the velvet la\vn,

The purple in the eastern dawn,
Or all those tints, which rang'd in vivid glow
Mark the bold sweep of the celestial bow.

270 GEORGE THE SECOND. [1749

IV.

Recitative. But chief she lifts her tuneful transports high,
When to her intellectual eye
The mental beauties rise in moral dignity:
The sacred zeal for Freedom's cause,
That fires the glowing Patriot's breast;
The honest pride, that plumes the Hero's crest,
When for his country's aid the steel he draws;

Or that, the calm yet active heat,
"With which mild Genius warms the Sage's heart,
To lift fair Science to a loftier seat,
Or stretch to ampler bounds the wide domain of art.
Air III. These the best blossoms of the virtuous mind
She culls with taste refin'd;
From their ambrosial bloom
With bee-like skill she draws the rich perfume,

And blends the sweets they all convey,
la the soft balm of her mellifluous lay.

Recitative. Is there a clime, where all these beauties rise
In one collected radiance to her eyes ?
Is there a plain, whose genial soil enhales

Glory's invigorating gales.
Her brightest beams where Emulation spreads,
Her kindliest dews where Science sheds.
Where every stream of Genius flows.
Where ev'ry flower of Virtue glows ?
Thither the Muse exulting flies,
There she loudly cries —
C/torus I. All hail, all hail.

Majestic Granta! hail thy awful name
Dear to the Muse, to Liberty, to Fame.

Recitative. You too illustrious Train, she greets
Who first in these inspiring seats
Caught the bright beams of that ectherial fire,
Which now sublimely prompts you to aspire
To deeds of noblest note : whither to shield
Your country's liberties, your country's laws ;

Or in Religion's hallow 'd cause
To hurl the shafts of reason and to wield
Those heavn'ly-tcmper'd arms whose rapid force
Arrests base Falsehood in her impious course,
And drives rebellious Vice indignant from the field.

Air I V. And now she tunes her plausive song

To you her sage domestic throng ;

1749] GEORGE THE SECOND. ^^l

Who hero, at Learning's richest shrine,
Dispense to each ingenuous youth
The treasures of immortal Truth,
And open Wisdom's golden mine.
Rccifative. Each youth inspir'd by your persuasive art,
Clasps the dear form of virtue to his heart ;
And feels in his transported soul
Enthusiastic raptures roll,
Gen'rous as those the sons of Cecrops caught
In hoar Lycjcum's shades from Plato's fire-clad thought,

VIII.

Air V. O Granta ! on thy happy plain

Still may these Attic glories reign :
Still mayst thou keep thy wonted state,
In unaffected grandeur great ;
Ucciiative. Great as this illustrious hour,

When He, whom George's well-wcigh'd choice
And Albion's gen'ral voice
Have lifted to the fairest heights of power,
When He appears, and deigns to shine
The leader of thy learned line ;
And bids the verdure of thy olive bough

'Mid all his ci\-ic chaplets twine,
And add fresh glories to his honour'd brow,

IX.

Air VI. Haste then and amply o'er his head
The graceful foliage spread;
Mean while the Muse shall snatch the trump of Fame,
And lift her swelling accents high,
To tell the world that Pelham's name
Is dear to Learning as to Liberty.

Full Chorus. The Muse shall snatch the trump of Fame,
And lift her swelling accents high.

To tell the world that Pelham's name
Is dear to Learning as to Liberty.d)

The proceedings in the Senate House being concluded, the Chan-
cellor and University went in procession to Trinity College, where
in the hall was a splendid dinner, 800 dined in the hall and
the Master's lodge.

On Sunday, the 2d of July, the Chancellor attended both services
at Great St. Mary's Church. The sermon in the morning was
preached by John Green D.D. fellow of St. John's College and Re-
gius Professor of Divinity (afterwards Bishop of Lincoln), that in
the afternoon by the Chancellor's chaplain, Samuel Squire D.D. of

(1) Dodsk-y, Colloctiuii of l\>c\n<, i\ . 2C2.

^Y2 GEORGE THE SECOND. [1740

St. John's College Archdeacon of Bath (afterwards Bishop of St.
David's).

On the 3d of July, honorary degrees -nere conferred. The Duke
of Richmond was admitted to the degree of M.D. which had been
granted him at the Royal Commencement in 1728. The Earls of
Dalkeith, Lincoln, Tankerville, Waldegrave, and Ashburnham, Vis-
count Gallway, Lords Burgleigh, Onslow, and Monson, Sir William
Yonge Bart., the Hon. Philip Yorke, Sir George Savile Bart, Sir
John Savile K.B., and Sir William Calvert Knt. Lord Mayor of Lon-
don (sometime fellow of Emmanuel College), were created Doctors of
Law. Viscount Dupplin, the Hon. George Townshend, the Hon.
William Monckton, and the Hon. Henry Vane jun. were created
Masters of Arts.

The Commencement was on the 4th of July, and on the 5th, the
Chancellor left Cambridge.

Besides those who took honorary degrees the following noblemen
and gentlemen visited the University on this occasion : the Duke of
Marlborough, the Earls of Radnor, Halifax, and Godolphin, Lords
Montfort, and Cornwallis, the Bishops of Ely, Lincoln, Chichester,
Peterborough, and Derry, Mr. Baron Clarke, Sir Edmund Bacon,
Sir Thomas Robinson, Henry Pelham Esq., and James Pelham,
Esq.(l)

The Duke of Newcastle having in congregation declared his re-
signation of the office of High Steward of the University ; on the
5th of July, the University unanimously elected into that office
Philip Lord Hardwicke Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain.(2)
This year Edmund Carter began to publish in numbers a History
of the County of Cambridge.(3) He gives the following particulars
respecting the markets and trade of the Town : —

The chief market-place, called Market Hill, is a long square, being above
twice as long as broad, running north and south, and is on Saturdays well
supplied with the best of butter, (made up into pounds and half-pounds, each
being a yard long, for the conveniency of the college butlers cutting it into
what they call sizes,) cheese, fowls, eggs, pork, sucking-pigs, (which last are
always sold alive,) wild-fowl, &c.

The Butcher Market (.vhich is situated at the south end of the said chief
market) is well served with all sorts of butchers' meat.

The Herb Market, which is situate near the Cross, is well supplied with all
sorts of garden-stuff.

(1) Gentleman's Magazine, xix. 328. See Gray's Work's cd. Mitford, iii. 67.

(2) Gentleman's Magazine, xix. 322; Mr. Hubbard's Book, (MS. Cole li. 122).

(3) This is a very ^vortlllcs3 book. Tlic date on the title page is 1753. Being extremely
scarce, a fcAv cojues -were reprinted by Mr. Upcott in IBI'J.

1749] GEOllGE THE SECOND. ^73

The Fish Market, which is separated from the Herb Market by Butcher
Row (so called as being chiefly inhabited by those of that profession), is on
Wednesdays and Fridays sufficiently stocked with fresh-Avater fish from the
neighbouring Fens, and sea-fish from Lynn, and in the mackarcl, herring, and
sprat season, with those fish from the sea coast in Suffolk ; the fresh-water
fish are very cheap, and the sea-fish are not very dear, if we consider the many
miles they are brought. Fresh salmon and sturgeon are sometimes brought
to this market, and usually sold at about twelvepcncc the pound; but there
was such plenty of salmon in June and July a.d. 1749, that it was sold at
fourpcnce the pound, which was never knov^n before : but on the chief market-
day there is seldom any fish to be had but eels and jacks, which are extraor-
dinary cheap : and butter, cheese, fo^;vls, eggs, and several other commodities in
their seasons, with all manner of garden-stuff, arc every day but Mondays
brought to market; but at the Herb Market, no day is excepted but Sundays,
Fuel also is here tolerably reasonable (considering it is an inland town, and
lies at least fifty miles from the sea,) for Newcastle coals are generally sold
about twenty five shillings a chaldron, or fifteen pence a sack, which contains
two bushels, and good turf about five shillings a thousand at the river side.

Colchester oysters are brought fresh to town twice a week, from July 25, to
the latter end of April, and are sold at two shillings the peck during the season.
The towm is also served with the best of wines, which are brought from Lynn
by water, and may be had by wholesale or retail at the four following taverns
(which are licensed by the University), viz. the Tuns, the Rose, the Mitre,
and the Hoop; and by wholesale nowhere else in town, though by the bottle
at all of the inns.

And in general there is no town in England better supplied with commo-
dities of all sorts than Cambridge ; first, from the conveniency of its river, and
then from the many stage-waggons and coaches which are constantly going
and coming between there and London. (l)

It further appears from Mr. Carter's work that at this period the
University licensed eleven letter carriers, five of whom went to Lon-
don, one to Bury St. Edmunds, one to Downham Market, one to
Kettering, one to Lynn, one to Northampton, and one to Norwich,
that there were two stage coaches to London, one from the Blue
Boar on Mondays and Thursdays, at four a.m., returning on Tues-
days and Fridays at seven p.m., the other from the Red Lion, in
the Petty Cury, on Tuesday and Friday mornings, and returning
on Wednesday and Saturday evenings; and three stage waggons,
all of which went hence on Monday evenings and Tuesdays at
noon, and returned on Fridays and Saturdays at noon.C-^)

He states that 2,000 firkins of butter, principally from Norfolk
were landed every Monday morning at the Great Bridge Quay,
and sent hence to London by waggon.<^)

<1) Caarter, Hist, of thc.Couiity of Cambridge, ir>— 17.

(2) Ibid. 50—54.

(3) Ibid. 13.

VOL. IV. M M

274

GEORGE THE SECOND.

[1749

Mr. Carter states the population, number of private and public
houses, and land tax assessment in the several parishes in the
town, to have been as under. The population he states to have
been collected from house to house in July and August, 1749: —

LAND TAX AT 4s.

PRIVATE

PUBLIC

POPULA-

IN THE

POUND.

HOUSES.

HOUSES

PARISHES

TION.

£.

Ill

All Saints ....

425

194

182

Saint Andrew the Great

727

211

Saint Andrew the Less

205

236

105

Saint Benedict . .

409

139

132

Saint Botolph . . .

496

147

Saint Clement . .

374

174

Saint Edward . . .

519

197

139

Saint Giles . . .

503

164

136

Saint Mary the Great

635

393

Saint Mary the Less

369

140

Saint Michael . .

265

Saint Peter , . .

209

Holy Sepulchre . .

401

115

138

Holy Trinity . . .

594

218

1480
156

156

6131

£2489

1636(1)

His descriptions of the Town Gaol and Hobson's Workhouse
are curious, though not very creditable to the town : —

The Town Gaol, adjoining to the Town Hall, is a most shocking place to
be confined in, especially for food, lodging and air, all which are there but
very indifferent.

The Bridewell (called by the inhabitants the Spinning House) is pleasantly
situated near the fields at the south end of the parish of Great St. Andrew's,
and is chiefly used for the confinement of such lewd women as the Proctors ap-
prehend in houses of ill fame ; though sometimes the Corporation send small
offenders thither, and the crier of the town is often there to discipline the
ladies of pleasure with his whip.(3)

(1) At p. 14, Mr. Carter states the total number of houses to have been 1792.

(2) Theresidueof the land tax amounting in the whole to £2746. 3s. Id. was raised as-
follows:— £. «. d-

Sturbridg-e Fair Ii2 7 10

Sluices on the Cam 30 0 0

Tolls of Town and Sturbridge Fair 47 0 0

Offices 07 12 0

£256 19 10

(3) Carter, Hist, of County of Cambridge, t9.

The whipping of women will perhaps not be easily credited at some future period. In
proof of our author's veracity, however, it may be mentioned that the Treasurer of Hob-
son's Workhouse in the account of his disbursements from 28 Sept. 1748 to "27 Sept. 1740,
charges, " Paid Horner Johnson by order of Mr. Vice-Chancellor for whipping ten women,
10»." Horner Johnson was the Town Crier at this period.

1749] GEORGE THE SECOND, ^75

In his account of Barnwell, then a mere village, he gives the
following particulars of Sturbridge Fair : —

Near half a mile east of this village Sturbridge Fair is kept, which is set
out annually on St. Bartholomew by the mayor, aldermen, and the rest of the
corporation of Cambridge, who all ride thither in a grand procession, with
music playing before them, and most of the boys in the town on horseback
after them, who, as soon as the ceremony is read over, ride races about the
place ; when, returning to Cambridge, each boy has a cake and some ale at
the town-hall ; but I believe that old custom is now laid aside. On the 7th
of September they ride in the same manner to proclaim it ; which being done,
the fair begins, and continues three weeks, though the greatest part is over
in a fortnight.

This fair, which was thought some years ago to be the greatest in Europe,
is kept in a corn-field, about half a mile square, having the river Cam running
on the north side thereof, and the rivnlet called the Stour (from which, and
the bridge over it, the fair received its name) on the east side ; and it is about
two miles east of Cambridge market-place, where, during the fair, coaches,
chaises, and chariots attend to carry persons to the fair. The chief diversions
at Sturbridge are drolls, rope dancing, and sometimes a music-booth; but
there is an act of parliament which prohibits the acting of plays within ten
miles of Cambridge.

If the field (on which the fair is kept) is not cleared of the corn by the
24th of August, the builders may trample it under foot to build their booths;
and on the other hand, if the same be not cleared of the booths and materials
belonging thereto by Michaelmas-day at noon, the ploughmen may enter the
same with their horses, ploughs, and carts, and destroy whatever they find on
the premises : the filth, dung, straw, &c. left behind by the fair-keepers make
amends for their trampling and hardening the ground.

The shops or booths are built in rows like streets, having each their name,
as Garlick-row, Booksellers'-row, Cook-row, &c. And every commodity has its
proper place, as the cheese-fair, hop-fair, wool-fair, &c. And here, as in seve-
ral other streets or rows, are all sorts of traders who sell by wholesale or re-
tail, as goldsmiths, toy-men, braziers, turners, milliners, haberdashers, hatters,
mercers, drapers, pewterers, china warehouses, and, in a word, most trades
that can be found in London, from whence many of them come ; here are also
taverns, coffee-houses, and eating-houses in great plenty, and all kept in booths,
except six or seven brick houses, built many years ago ; in any of which (ex-
cept the coffee booth) you may at any time be accommodated with hot or cold
roast goose, roast or boiled pork, &c.

Crossing the main road, at the south end of Garlick-row and a little to the
left hand, is a great square, formed of the largest booths, called the Duddery,
the area of which square is from 240 to 300 feet, chiefly taken up with wool-
len-drapers, wholesale tailors, and sellers of second-hand clothes, &c. where
the dealers have a room before their booths, to take down, and open their
packs, and to bring in waggons to load and unload the same. In the centre
of this square was (till within these three years) erected a tall may-pole, with
a vane at the top ; and in this square, on the two cliief Sundays during the
fair, both forenoon and afternoon, divine service is read, and a sermon preached
from a pulpit placed in the open air, by the minister of Barnwell as afore-
said, who is very well paid for the same by the contribution of the fair-
keepers.

276 GEORGE THE SECOND. [1749

In this Duddery only, it is said, there have been sold £100,000 worth of
woollen manufactures in less than a week's time, besides the prodigious trade
carried on here by the wholesale tailors from London, and most other parts
of England, who transact their business wholly in their pocket-books and
meeting here their chapmen from all parts, make up their accounts, receive
money chiefly in bills, and take further orders. These, they say, exceed by
far the sale of goods actually brought to the fair, and delivered in kind ; it
being frequent for the London wholesale men to carry back orders from their
dealers for £10,000. worth of goods a man, and some much more. And once
in this Duddery, it is said, there was a booth, consisting of six apartments,
all belonging to a dealer in Norwich stuffs only, who had there above £20,000.
worth of those goods.

The trade for wool, hops, and leather, here is prodigious ; the quantity of
wool only, sold at one fair, is said to have amounted to 50 or £60,000. and
of hops, very little less.

September U, being the horse-fair day, is the day of the greatest hurry,
Avhen it is almost incredible to conceive what number of people there are, and
the quantity of victuals that day consumed by them.

During the fair, Colchester oysters and white herrings, just coming into
season, are in great request, at least by such as live in the inland parts of
the kingdom; where they are seldom to be had fresh, especially the latter.

The fair is like a well-governed city, and less disorder and confusion to be
seen there than in any other place Avhere there is so great a concourse of peo-
ple ; here is a court of justice always open from morning till night, where the
mayor of Cambridge, or his deputy, sits as judge ; determining all controversies
in matters arising from the business of the fair, and seeing the peace thereof
be kept ; for which purpose he hath eight servants, called Red-coats, attending
him during the time of the fair and other public occasions ; one or other of
which are constantly at hand, in most parts of the fair: and if any dispute
arise between buyer and seller, &c, on calling out * Red-coat,' you have
instantly one or more come running to you ; and if the dispute is not quickly
decided, the offender is carried to the said court, where the case is determined
in a summary way, as is practised in those called Pye-Powder courts in other
fairs, from which sentence there lies no appeal.

About two or three days after the horse-fair day, when the hurry of the
wholesale business is over, the country gentry for about ten or twelve miles
round begin to come in with their sons and daughters ; and though diversion is
what chiefly brings them, yet it is not a little money they lay out among the
tradesmen, toy-shops, &c. besides what is flung away to see the puppet-shows,
drolls, rope-dancing, live creatures, &c. of which there is commonly plenty.

The last observation I shall make concerning this fair is, how inconveni-
ently a multitude of people are lodged there who keep it ; their bed (if I may
so call it) is laid on two or three boards, nailed to four pieces that bear it
about a foot from the ground, and four boards round it, to keep the persons
and their clothes from falling off, and is about five feet long ; standing abroad
all day if it rains not, at night it is taken into their booths, and put into the
best manner they can; at bed-time they get into it, and lie neck and heels
together till the morning, if the wind and rain do not force them out sooner ;
for a high wind often blows down their booths as it did a.d. 1741 ; and a heavy
rain forces through the hair-cloth that covers it.

Though the Corporation of Cambridge has the tolls of this fair, and the
government as aforesaid ; yet the body of the University has the oversight of

1750] GEOliGE THE SECOND. 277

the weights and measures thereof (as well as at Midsummer and Rcch fairs, )(1)
and the licensing of all show-booths, livc-creaturcs, &c. ; and the proctors of
the University keep a court there also, to hear complaints about weights or
measures, seek out and punish lewd women, and see that their gownsmen
commit no disorders.(2)

1750.

A rule had been obtained in the Court of King's Bench, for a
mandamus to the Bishop of Ely as Visitor of Trinity College, to
proceed on an appeal by Edward Vernon D.D. against Richard
Walker D.D, the Vicemaster, for depriving him of his fellowship,
and also on a complaint brought by Dr. Vernon of divers enormi-
ties committed in the College. Sir Dudley Ryder Attorney-General,
shewed cause on the part of the King ; Sir Richard Lloyd, Mr.
Hume Campbell, Mr. Ford, Mr. Pont, and Mr. Eliab Harvey for
the College ; and the rule was supported by Mr. Henley, Mr. Evans
and Mr. Joddrel. The Court, considering that it had not been
clearly shewn that the Bishop was Visitor, discharged the rule in
Easter Term this year.(3)

John Green D.D. fellow of St. John's College and Regius Pro-
fessor of Divinity,(4) filed his bill in Chancery against his College
and Thomas Rulherforth D.D.,('>) to oblige the latter to deliver up
a presentation made of him by the College to the Rectory of
Barrow, in Suffolk, and to compel the College to present the
plaintiff thereto. The advowson wag devised to the College in
1C89, on trust to present the senior divine then fellow of the
College. Dr. Green and Dr. Rutherforth severally claimed the
living and on appeal to the Bishop of Ely as Visitor, he decided
that Dr. Rutherforth was entitled to it. Dr. Green insisted that
the Visitor had no jurisdiction in this case, as the advowson was
devised to the College under particular trust by a third person
not the founder. On the 23rd of May, Lord Hardwicke Lord
Chancellor, being assisted by Sir John Strange Master of the Rolls,
gave judgment, on a plea to the jurisdiction of the Court, in Dr.
Green's favour, holding that the case was not within the juris-
diction of the Visitor ; and about a month afterwards Dr. Ruther-
forth having signified to Dr. Green that he would not give him

(1) As respects Reach fair it is believed the University never had or claimed any jurisdic-
tion whatever.

(2) Carter, Hist, of County of Cambridge, 23—29.

(3) Sir \V. Blackstone's Reports, i. 53.

(4) Master of Corpus Christi College, 18 June, 1750, Bishop of Lincoln, 17C1.

(5) Rcjius Professor of Divinitv, 17.56—1771.

278 GEORGE THE SECOND. [1750

any further trouble in the case, a decree in accordance with the
prayer of the bill was made by consent. (^

The following orders and regulations passed the Senate on the
11 til of May, and the 26th of June. Tuey were sent to the Senate
by the Duke of Newcastle the Chancellor. On the first of the
above days some of these regulations were rejected by a small
majority, but they were carried on the 26th of June : —

1. Every person in statu pupillari shall wear cloaths of a grave colour
in the judgment of the officers of the University, without lace, fringe or
embroidery, without cuffs or capes of a different colour from their coats.

Fellow-commoners who take degrees and such as enter into fellow's com-
mons after they have taken any degree shall wear the proper habit of such
degree.

Bachelous of Arts shall provide themselves with gowns made of prunello
or princes stuff.

The privilege of noblemen or others of v/earing hats in the University
does not extend to wearing of them laced.

The penalty for every offence against each of these particulars is and shall
be six shillings and eight pence.

2. Every fellow-commoner shall immediately provide himself with his pro-
per gown cap and band in which he shall constantly appear, under the penalty
of six shillings and eight pence for every offence. Provided however that
this penalty with respect to the proper gown shall not be construed to extend
to any fellow-commoner who is at this time of two years standing in this
University.

3. No person in statu pupillari shall be suffered to keep a servant without
the express consent of his parents or guardians signified under their hands
to the master of the college to which he belongs, the master also consenting.

4. No person in statu pupillari shall be suffered to keep a horse except it
be for the sake of his health and with the express consent of his parents or
guardians, given under their hands to the master of the college to which he
belongs, and also with the approbation of the said master.

5. Every person in statu pupillari who shall be found at any coffee house,
tennis court, cricket-ground, or other place of publick diversion and enter-
tainment, betwixt the hours of nine and twelve in the morning, shall forfeit
the sum of ten shillings for every offence.

6. Every person in statu pupillari who does not attend Saint Mary's church
the stated times of sermons shall forfeit the sum of six pence for every offence
unless he can make it appear that he was excused by the master or one of
the deans of his college. And that such absentees may the more easily be
found out and punished, distinct places in the galleries shall be appointed for
each college to sit in, and the sizars of each college in a monthly rotation
shall make out lists of the names of all such as are comprehended within
this order (as in their private chapels) and carry the names of the absentees
to their respective tutors, who shall immediately pay the penalty incurred by
their respective pupils to the sizar who pricked the bill that month and for
his sole use.

(1) Vescy, sen., Reports, i. 462; Belt, Supplement to Vesey's lleports, p. 201 ; See Mr.
llubbaid's Bo3k, (MS. Cole, LI. 122), and Masters's Hist, of Corpus Christi Coll. ed. Lamb,
244.

1750] GEORGE THE SECOND. g79

7. If any tavorn-kccpcr or coffcc-housc-kccpcr shall bo convicted before the
vice-chancellor of havinp; trusted any person in statu pupillari above the sum
of twenty shillings, without the consent of the tutor, he shall be punished
five pounds for the first ofi'ence, ten pounds for the second, and be ipso facto
deprived of his licence for the third.

8. If any tavern-keeper or cofTee-house-keeper shall bo convicted before the
vice-chancellor of having served any person in statu pupillari with Avine punch
or any other strong liquor, either within their own houses or out of them, after
eleven o'clock at night, they shall forfeit the sum of five pounds for the first
offence, of ten pounds for the second, and be deprived of their licence for the
third.

9. No person in statu pupillari shall be suffered to go out of town on
horseback or in any wheel carriage whatsoever without the express consent
of his tutor or the master of the college, under the penalty of forfeiting thirteen
shillings and four pence for the first offence, and under the penalty of thirteen
shillings and four pence and of being publickly admonished for any s\ibse-
quent offence.

10. Every person under the degree of master of arts or of bachelor of law
or physick who is found out of his college after eleven o'clock at night shall
forfeit the sum of six shillings and eight pence for the first offence, thirteen
shillings and fourpence for the second offence, shall be publickly admonished
for the third offence, and be expelled for the fourth,

11. All members of the University in statu pupillari shall behave them-
selves with modesty and due respect to their superiors at all times and in all
places, and if any shall refuse to tell his name and the college to which he
belongs to any master of arts who shall demand it of him, he shall on com-
plaint made to the vice-chancellor be publickly admonished for the first offence,
be suspended for the second, and be expelled for the third.

12. Every person in statu pupillari dining at any coffee-house, publick-
house or tavern, except in cases allowed in the 47th statute, shall forfeit the
sum of ten shillings for the first offence, of twenty shillings for the second,
of twenty shillings and shall be publickly admonished for the third, and shall
be expelled for the fourth.

13. Every person in statu pupillari appearing with a gim or keeping or pro-
curing other persons to keep sporting dogs for his use during his residence
in the University, shall forfeit the sum of ten shillings for every offence.

14. No person shall hereafter be admitted a nobleman or fellow-commoner
of any college who will not previously to such admission subscribe to the
following form of Avords

I A. B. do hereby promise and declare that I will submit to the rules and
discipline of the college of which I am about to be admitted a member and
will be obedient to the master or his locum-tenens in all lawful commands.

l-'j. Every member of the University who shall be found in an house of
evil fame either within the precincts of the University or in the adjacent vil-
lages, not being able to give a proper account of his being there, or wha
shall be seen in company with any woman of notoriously bad character, shall
be admonished, rusticated, or expelled, according to the circumstances of the
offence.

16. Every person guilty of breaking windows, making and fomenting riots
and disturbances, or offering violence to any person, besides the reparation of
the damage done, shall be publickly admonished, suspended or expelled, ac-
cording to the nature and circinnstances of the offence.

230 GEORGE THE SECOND. [1750

17. No person shall at any time be permitted to play at dice within the
precincts of the University, nor shall any person be permitted to play at cards
unless for small sums and at such times and in such places as are allowed
by the statutes, under the penalty of expulsion after the second admonition.
And if any tavern-keeper or coffee-house-keeper shall be convicted of having
supplied any person with cards or dice in their houses they shall forfeit their
licence.

18. All the pecuniary penalties abovementioncd (except those that relate
to the absence from Saint Mary's church) shall be collected and applied in
the same manner in which penalties are directed to be collected and applied
in the fiftieth of Queen Elizabeth's statutes.(l)

These orders and regulations caused great heats and animosilies
in the University.(2) One regulation recommended by the Chancellor

(1) Stat. Acad. Cantab, p. 426.

(2) The above regulations, the proceeding's against the Westminster Club, and the contro-
versy as to the right of appeal, occasioned the following publications : —

1. " A Letter to Lord Eg[mo]nt, on tlie Dangerous Ambition, and overgrown Power of a
" certain M[in]is[te]r." London, 8vo. [1750]. By Peter Chester, M.A. fellow of Catharine
Hall.

2. " An Occasional Letter to the Revd. Dr. Keen, Master of Peter House, and Vice Chan-
" cellor of the University of Cambridge." London, 8vo. [1)50]. This Letter, signed
" Yoiu" generous Adversary, Cantabrigiensis," and dated " Richmond, October 19, 1750," is
also attributed to Mr. Chester.

3. " The Academic : or a Disputation on the State of the University of Cambridge, and
" the Propriety of the Regulations made in it on the 1 1th Day of Mav, and the 26th Day of
•' June, 1750." London, 8vo, 1750. Usually attributed to Richard Kurd, B.D. fellow of
Emmanuel College afterwards Bishop of Worcester. It has also been attributed to Philip
Allen M.A. fellow of St. John's College. In Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, (ix. 668), it is said
to have been the joint performance of many, of whom Alexander Davie M.A. of Sidney Col-
lege was the principal.

4. " The Capitade, a Poem." Originally printed in the London Evening Post, Nov. 1. 1750,
and reprinted with notes by the Rev. John Duncombe, in the Gentleman's Magazine for 1781,
p. 580. Attributed to Thomas Nevile M.A. fellow of Jesus College. (Nichols, Literary Anec-
dotes, ix. 783,) also to James Devie M.A. fellow of Emmanuel College.

5. " The Metamorphisis of C[ambridg]e." London Evening Post, Nov. 10, 1750.

6. " A Tale." London Evening Post, 25 Dec. 1750.

7. " An Authentic Narrative of the late Extraordinary Proceedings at Cambridge, against
" the W[estminste]r Club." London, 8vo. 1 751. By Thomas Ansell LL.B. fellow of Trinity
Hall.

8. " An Expostulatory Address of the Undergraduates of the University of Cambridge, to
" the Doctor & 36 Masters of Arts met together at the Tuns Tavern, and adjourn'd to the
" eleventh of January." Sent by the Post to the gentlemen of the several Colleges, 4 Janu-
ary, 1750-1.

9. "Remarks on the Academic." London, 8vo. 1751.

10. " A Fragment." London, 8vo. [1751.] Supposed to have been written by Henry
Stebbing, D.D. fellow of Catharine Hall.

11. " Considerations on the Expediency of Making, and the Manner of Conducting the
" late Regulations at Cambridge." London, 8vo. 1751. By John Green D.D. Master of
Corpus Christi College afterwards Bishop of Lincoln.

12. "A Key to the Fragment, by Amias Riddinge B.D. with a Preface, by Peregrine
"Smyth Esq." London, 8vo. 1751. By Dr. King of Oxford.

13. "Another Fragment." London, 8vo. [1751].

14. "Fragmentum est pars rei fracta;." London, Svo. 1751. By Zachary Grey, LL.D. of
Trinity Hall.

15. "An epistle to a Fellow Commoner at Cambridge, occasioned by the present disputes
there." London, Svo 1751.

16. " The friendly and honest advice of an old Tory to the Vicc-Chancellor of Cambridge,"
London, Svo. 1751.

17. " David's Prophecy; relating to C[am]b[rid]ge, (found among the Papers of a certain
" Rabbi, famous for a Collection of all the Prophecies from the Beginning of the World to
" this Day.) With an Account of its Accomplishment in that U[niversit]y. By Isaac Van-
" Sampson a learned Dutch Commentator. Dedicated to the V[ice] C[hancello]r H[ea]ds,
"and Mr. B[rown] the P[rocto]r." London, 8vo 1751. By William Waller an under-
graduate of Trinity College, who in 1752, being then B.A., was expelled the University for
publishing this pamphlet.

18. "Free thoughts upon University Education; occasioned by the present debates at
" Cambridge, and calculated for the advancement of religion and learning. By a sincere
" well wisher to our Universities." London, 8vo. 1751.

19. " An Inquiry into the right of appeal from the Chancellor, or Vice Chancellor, of the
" University of Cambridge, in Matters of Discipline ■. addressed to a Fellow of a College,

1750] GEORGE THE SECOND. 2S1

was so obnoxious that it was withdrawn ;(i) and, in order to obviate
the objections of certain parties, the following grace as to the right
of appeal was passed on the 2Gth of June : —

Place AT vobis ut ex illis ordinationibus qusccunque aiictoritatem vestram
hodie sunt habiturec jus appellaudi a sententiis procancellarii vel a sententiis
procancellarii ct prsefcctorum collegiorum nihil immutari ccnscatur sed idem
sit omnino in posterum ac per statuta academiai antehac provisum fuit.(2)

The College of Physicians having designed to render medical gra-
duates of foreign Universities eligible as fellows, this University ap-
pointed a syndicate for securing its antient privileges in relation to
the faculty of physic.(3) The University of Oxford apparently con-
curred in the measures adopted. On the 1st of October, '* At the
" general and quarterly meeting of the college of physicians, the
" affair in dispute between them and the two universities of Oxford
" and Cambridge, about conferring a Drs. degree, was finally and
" amicably determined in favour of the said universities :"(4) and in
the next year it was declared by the College of Physicians that the
meaning of the words "aliqua Britannia? Academia," in their bye
laws, was that no person should be admitted a fellow who was not
a Doctor of Physic of Oxford or Cambridge.C^)

On the 20th of November, a grace passed that the Public Orator
should write a letter to the Chancellor of the University, tlianking
him for his great care of the University in sending the late Orders
and Regulations, and promising to see them executed. In the Non-
Regent House there were placets 21; non-placets 8; in the Regent
House placets 23; non-placets T.C-)

*' To which is added An Appendix : Containing some Observations on the Authentic Nar-
" rative, &c " London, 8vo. 1751. By Thomas Chapman, D.D. Master of Magdalene
College.

20. " The Opinion of an Eminent Lawyer, concerning the Right of Appeal from the
" Yicc-ChanccUor of Cambridge, to the Senate ; Supported by a short historical Account
" of the Jurisdiction of the University. In Answer to a late Pamphlet, Intitled, An In-
" quiry into the right of Appeal from the Chancellor or Vicechancellor of the Univer-
" sity of Cambridge, &;c. Uy a Fellow of a College." London, 8vo. 1751. Attributed to
Mr. afterwards Bishop llurd, and also to John Smith M.A. fellow of King's College. The
eminent lawyer was Mr. Charles Yorke.

21. "Some Considerations on the necessity of an Appeal in the University of Cam-
abridge." London, 8vo. 1752.

22. "A Further Inquiry into the right of appeal from the Chancellor or Vice Chan-
" ccllor of the University of Cambridge in Matters of Discipline in wliich the objections
" of the Author of a late pamphlet are fully obviated." London, 8vo. 1752. By Dr. Chap-
man.

28. "A letter to the Author of A Further Inquiry into the Right of Appeal from the
" Chancellor or Vicechancellor of the University of Cambridge, in Matters of Discipline."
London, 8vo. 1752. By John Smith M.A. fellow of King's College.

(1) It required an annual account of the character and behaviour of every j)crson ia the
University to be transmitted to the Chancellor.

(2) Stat. Acad. Cantab, p. 42S.

(3) Cambridge Journal.

<1) Gentleman's Magazine, xx- 473.

(5) Durnford & East's Reports, vii. 285.

(6) Mr. Hubbard's Book, (MS. Cob', i.i. \2l).
VOL. IV. N N

GEORGE THE SECOND. [1750

On the 17th of November, forty-six gentlemen of the University
who had been educated at Westminster school, met together at the
Tuns tavern, according to custom, to celebrate the accession of Queen
Elizabeth the foundress of that school, Thomas Francklin M.A. fellow
of Trinity College, and Regius Professor of Greek, was in the chair.
At 11 o'clock, as the company were about to disperse, James Brown(i)
M.A. fellow of Pembroke Hall, the Senior Proctor, entered the room.
Some confusion ensued, and shortly afterwards Mr. Brown preferred
a complaint against Professor Francklyn, Samuel Crew M.A. fellow of
Trinity College, Thomas Ansell LL.B. fellow of Trinity Hall, Mr. Vane
fellow-commoner of Peterhouse, and Mr. Vernon fellow-commoner
of Trinity College, for insulting and interrupting him in the execu-
tion of his office of Proctor. The case (which excited very great
interest) was heard before the Vicechancellor and Heads, partly in
the Law Schools and partly in the Senate House, on the 24th, 27th,
and 29th of November, on which latter day the Court decided that
the accused were guilty of the charges against them, and they were
reprimanded by the Vicechancellor. Such of them as were in statu
pupillari were also fined 6s. Sd. each, all the defendants were con-
demned in the expenses of the Court, and Mr. Ansell, for his rude
contemptuous and disobedient behaviour to the Vicechancellor during
his defence, was suspended from his degree. Mr. Ansell appealed
from this sentence, but the Vicechancellor decided it was a case in
which no appeal could be allowed. During the investigation of
this case, the scholars behaved so riotously in the Vicechancellor's
court, that sixteen pro-proctors were appointed, by grace of the
Senate, to preserve order.(2)

At a congregation held on the 16th of December, William Rid-
lington{3) M.A. fellow of Trinity Hall, applied to the Vicechancellor
to call a caput to appoint delegates upon Mr. Ansell's appeal, which
the Vicechancellor refused to do, stating to the Senate that he was
advised that the statutes did not give him authority to admit an
appeal in such a case, but that he intended to offer a grace at the
beginning of the next term to have the long pending question re-
specting the right of appeal settled to the satisfaction of the Heads
and the body. "This declaration did not satisfy the hot men, who
" resolved to stop all business, and accordingly a supplicat for a
" B.A.'s degree was stop'd in the Non-Regent House, 11 or 12 Non-

(1) Master of Pembroke Hall, 1770—1784.

(2) Narrative of Proceedings against the Westminster Club ; Mr. Hubbard's Book, (MS.
Cole, u. 125.)

(3) Regius Professor of Civil Law, 1757—1770.

1750-51] GEORGE THE SECOND. 2S^

" Placets to 6 Placets," About this time an association was formed
at the Tuns tavern to support the right of appeal, John Banson
LL.D. fellow of Trinity Hall seems to have been the head of it,
and was joined by about thirty-six Masters of Arts.(i)
1750 ^ On the 18th of January, a grace drawn up by the Vicechancellor
r to appoint syndics to consult the statutes and archives of the
University, and from thence draw out a state of the case about
appeals, to be laid before the King and Council, was rejected in
the Non-Regent House by 52 against 11.(2)

John Mickleborough B.D. minister of Great St. Andrew's, being
appointed to preach Chevin's obiit sermon,(3) on the 27th of Janu-
ary, took that occasion to urge on the Corporation the neces-
sity of a general workhouse for the poor ;(4) and at a Common
Day held on the 14th of March, " a proposal or scheme from the
Vice-Chancellor for a General Workhouse was read and agreed to,"
and it was ordered that the same should be forthwith printed
and distributed for the consideration of the several parishes.C^I

On the 20th of March, a commission for the repair of the Great
Bridge was directed to Philip Lord Hardwicke Lord Chancellor of
Great Britain and High Steward of the University, John Duke of Bed-
ford one of the Secretaries of State, Thomas Holies Duke of New-
castle one of the Secretaries of State and Chancellor of the Uni-
versity, John Manners Esq. commonly called Marquess of Granby,
Henry Earl of Lincoln, Francis Earl of Godolphin, Thomas Hay
Esq. commonly called Viscount Dupplin, Henry Lord Montfort
High Steward of the Town, Thomas Bishop of Ely, Matthew Bishop
of Chichester, Philip Yorke, Charles Yorke, Charles Sloane Cado-
gan esquires, the Vicechancellor, Mayor and Recorder for the time
being. Sir John Hinde Cotton, Sir Jacob Garrard Downing, Sir
Samuel Clarke baronets, Edward Leeds one of the King's Serjeants
at Law, all the Heads of Houses by name, Soame Jenyns, Gilbert
Affleck, Thomas Western, Peter Leheup, William Vachell, Chester
Pern, Robert Green, William Greaves, Granado Piggott, Jacob Butler,
Thomas Martin, Edward Nightingale, William Ingle esquires, William

(1) Mr. Hubbard's Book, (MS. Cole, Li. 125, 126.)

(2) Ibid. 123.

(3) Vide Vol. ii. p. 151.

(4) " The Gre<at Duty of Labour and Work, and the Necessity there is at present for
" agreeing- and fixing upon some Plan for A General Work-House for the Poor of this
" Place ; urged and illustrated in a Sermon preached before tlie Corporation of Cambridge,
" in the Parish Church of St. Andrew the Great, Jan. 27, a.d. 1750-1, and published at the
" Request of the Audience by John Mickleborough, B.D. Minister of the said Parish. Cam-
" bridge : Printed by J. Bentham, Printer to the University M.DCC.Li," 8vo.

(5) Corporation Common Day Book.

284 GEORGE THE SECOND. [1751

Hetberington clerk, Thomas Evvin, William Finch, William Porter,
John Sparke, Joseph Pyke, Charles Finch, William Baker, George
Riste, Peter Taylor gentlemen, and all the Aldermen by name.CU

1751.

On the death of Frederick Prince of Wales, the University pub-
lished a collection of poems, entitled " Academiaj Cantabrigiensis
Liictus in obitum Frederici celsissimi Waliice Priucipis."(2) Amongst
the authors were Edmund Keene Vicechancellor afterwards Bishop
of Ely, Hon. John Cavendish of Peterhouse fourth son of the Duke
of Devonshire, Hon. William Hervey of Corpus Christi College
fourth son of Lord Hervey, Hon. James Yorke of Corpus Christi
College afterwards Bishop of Ely, Henry Cavendish of Peterhouse
eldest son of the Hon. Charles Cavendish, Sir John Armytage Bart,
of Trinity College, William Richardson D.D. Master of Emmanuel
College, John Green D.D. Regius Professor of Divinity and Master
of Corpus Christi College afterwards Bishop of Lincoln, Philip Yonge
D.D. Public Orator afterwards Bishop of Norwich, Beilby Porteus
of Christ's College afterwards Bishop of London, William Bell of
Magdalene College, John Hinchliffe of Trinity College afterwards
Bishop of Peterborough, Erasmus Darwin of St. John's College, James
Marriott of Trinity Hall afterwards Judge of the Admiralty, Richard
Cumberland of Trinity College, Francis Maseres of Clare Hall, and
Roger Long D.D. Master of Pembroke Hall and Lowndean Professor.

On the 20th of July, there was a contest for the librarianship
of the University vacated by the death of Dr. Parne. The candi-
dates were Stephen Whisson M.A. fellow of Trinity College and
Henry Hubbard B.D. fellow of Emmanuel College. The votes were
Whisson 102; Hubbard 76.(3)

The Duke of Newcastle Chancellor of the University' notified
to that body his intention to give two gold medals annually for
the encouragement of classical literature. He received the thanks
of the Senate, by an unanimous vote, on the 10th of October.(4)
These medals have been continued by succeeding Chancellors.

There was a contest at the election of Vicechancellor between

(1) Pontage Book, 164.

(2) " Excudebat Cantabrigise Josephus Benthara Academise Typographus Mense Maio
M. Dec. LI." Fo. See Gray's Works, ed. Mitford, ii. 172 u. ; Hoi-ace Walpole's Correspond-
ence, ed. 1840, ii. 394.

(3) Mr. Hubbard's Book, (MS. Cole, n. 128).

(4) Gentleman's Magazine, xxi. 475; Wall, Ceremonies of Univ. of Cambridge, 233 : Mr.
Hubb.ird'b Book, fMS. Cole, li. 129).

1752] GI^ORGE THE SECOND. ^35

John Wilcox D.D. Master of Clare Hall and William George D.D.
Provost of King's College. Dr. Wilcox was elected, the votes being
Wilcox 43 ; George 28.(i)

On the 21st or 23r(l of November, a grace respecting the dis-
pute as to the right of appeal was offered to the Vicechancellor
by Mr. Bickham of Emmanuel College. This grace was rejected
in the caput. In the afternoon a degree was stopped by the
Non-Regents, placets 7 ; non-placets 8.(1)

The following decree of the Vicechancellor and Heads was made
on the 5th of December: —

Whereas eertain information has been given to the vice-chancellor that
several of the younger members of the university have lately walked the
streets carrying in their hands lighted torches or links or preceded by per-
sons carrying the same Avith which they have annoyed the persons they hap-
pened to meet and occasioned great terror and apprehensions that some parts
of the colleges or town may be fired thereby

We the vice-chancellor and heads of colleges whose names are hereunto sub-
scribed do hereby strictly order and command that no scholar of what rank
soever do for the future presume to appear with any such lighted torches or
links or preceded by others carrying the same imder pain of being proceeded
against with the utmost severity as persons guilty of disobedience and violators
of the good order and discipline of the university.

J. Wilcox, vice-chancellor.
Tho, Ely, Rob. Smith,

J. Newcome, J. Green,

W. George, Edm, Keene,

Er. Long, Tho. Chapman. (2)

On the 13th of December, the associators,(3) as those members of
the Senate who combined to support the right of appeal were termed,
ineffectually attempted to stop several graces for degrees. Non-
regents : placets, 29; non-placets, IG. Regents: placets, 42; non-
plaqets,, 13.(i)

1752.

On the 24th of January, Mr. Bickham of Emmanuel College again
carried up a grace respecting appeals, but the Vicechancellor re-
fused to call a caput.(i)

On the 13th of March, the following grace requesting the Chan-
cellor and High Steward of the University, the Archbishop of Can-

(1) Mr. Hubbard's Book, (MS. Cole, Li. 129).

(2) Stat. Acad. Cantab, p. 512.

(3) Vide ante p. 283.

(4) Mr. Hubbard's Book, (MS. Cole, li, 130).

GEORGE THE SECOND. [1752

terbury, the Bishop of London, Lord Chief Justice Lee, and Sir
George Lee to determine the question as to the right of appeal,
was passed unanimously in a very full congregation:^

Cum coixtyoversise quaedam ortce sint de Jure appellandi a Domino Can-
cellario vel Procancellario ad Universitatem ; quo certius aliquid de eo in per-
petuum statuatur;

Placeat vobis, ut Orator vester per Literas ad illustrissimuni Principem
Thomam Holies Ducera Novicastri Cancellarium vestrum, honoratissimum
Phillippum Baronem de Hard-\vick, summum Senescallum vestrum [reveren-
dissimum Patrem Thomam Archiepiscopum Cantuariensis] reverendissimum
Patrem Thomam Episcopum Londinensis, honoratissimum Gulielmum Lee
Equitem Justiciarum summum, honoratissimum Georgium Lee, Equitera
LL.D. datas, supplicet iis, ut vobis permittant Statuta, Priveligia,et Consue-
tudines Academiae, quoe ad hoc Jus spectant, eorum Judiciis submittere ; & ut
coram iis Causam exponant sex Legum periti, tres ex una parte, tres etiam ex
altera constituti. Quicquid vero viri nobilissimi vel major eorum Pars decre-
verint consentaneum esse Statutis, Privilegiis, et Consuetudinibus Academise, id
Auctoritate vestra pro Rato habeatur, & in Libris Procuratorum inscribatur.

Placeat etiam vobis, ut hoc Negotium curent ex una Parte Dominus
Procancellarius, Dr. Joannes Green, et Dr. Chapman ; ex altera autem Parte,
Mr. Bickam, Mr. Smith Collegii Regalis, et Mr. Balguy : et ut sumptus
idonei e comrauni cista solvantur.

The Duke of Newcastle, by a letter read in the Senate on the
7th of April, declined acting as a referee because he was a party
interested, and moreover was about to accompany the King to the
continent. The other five, by a joint letter, consented to act, but it
seems the question was never settled.(i)

An inquisition of the pontage lands was taken on the 24th of
March, and on the 23d of June the Commissioners made the sub-
joined assessment on these lands : —

A Rate made upon the several manors and lands chargeable to the
repair of the Great Bridge in Cambridge, with the names of
the Tennants, owners & Occupiers thereof, and the respective
sumes rated thereon at the rate or proportion of six pounds
a hide, for and towards the necessary repairs of the said Bridge,
made the twenty-third day of June, in the year of our Lord
one thousand seven hundred and fifty-two.
grantchester.
The Provost & Scholars op King's College in Cam- £, s. d.
bridge, for an half yard land in Grantchester, in the occu-
pation of Joseph Hart 1 10 0

barton.
The same provost and scholars for two hides and half of

land in Barton, in the occupation of John Saunders . . 15 0 0

(1) Letter to Author of farther inquiry into right of appeal, p. 82 ; Mr. Hubbard's Book,
(MS. Cole, LI. 130) ; MS. Lambethiaui, Ko. 1116; MUiier, Life of Dean MUncr, 432, 435;
Gentleman's Magazine, xxii. 139.

1752] , GEORGE THE SECOND, gg^

The Mastek Fellows and Scholars of Corpus Chuisti £. e. d.
College commonly called Eennet College, Cambridge, for
one hide of land in Barton, in the occupation of Henry
Page 6 0 0

The Chancellor Masters & Scholars of the Univer-
sity of Cambridge for two hides and half of land in
Barton, in the occupation Pain widow 15 0 0

LONGSTANTON.

Sir Thomas Hatton Barrt. for two hides and half of land

in the occupation of himself and Tennants 15 0 0

landbeach.

The Master Fellows and Scholars of Corpus Christi
College commonly called Bennett College, Cambridge, for
five hides of land in Landbcach, late in the occupation of

Daniel Childerlcy 30 0 0

connington.

DiNGLEY Askham Esq., for two hides of land in Conning-
ton, in the occupation of Richard Day, and one hide of
land and one yardland in Connington, in the occupation
of himself and undertennants : 21 0 0

papworth everard.

Samuell Holworthy Esq., for one hide and half of land in
Papworth Everard, in the occupation of Robert Robinson,
and for three quarters of a hide of land in Papworth
Everard, in the occupation of Joseph Bull, and for half
a hide of land in Papworth Everard, in the occupation
of Edward Bull, and three quarters of an hide of land in
Papworth Everard aforesaid, in the occupation of the said
Edward Bull 21 0 0

Edward Morden for half a hide of land in Papworth Everard,

in his o-vvn occupation 3 0 0

Richard Huske, for one hide of land in Papworth Everard,

late G. Marbin's, now in the tenure of • ... 600

PAPWORTH AGNES.

Robert Piggott Esq., for three hides and half and half quarter
of an hide of land in Papworth Agnes, in the occupation
of John Beechinoe and William Beechinoe 21 15 0

HISTON.

Thomas Panton Esq., for three hides and half and one rood
and half of land and Demeasne lands and tenn acres of
meadow, late Mr. Penhallow's, in the occupation of Rivers

Taylor ; . . . . 21 IG 0

westwick.

John Harper, Eliz. Walker, and Lucy Hatton, for nine
and twenty acres of land and closes in Westwick, and
forty-five acres of land in Westwick, sometime John Asp-
len's, and eleven acres of land in Westwick, sometime
William Day's, and four acres of land in Westwick, some-
time Joseph Ransome's, and for two-and-twonty acres and
a half of land in Westwick belonging to the Workhouse
In Cambridge, being together one hide and a quarter and
half-quarter of hide in the occupation of John Seymour . 8 5 0

a^g GEORGE THE SECOND, , [1752

Thomas Jenks Esa. in right of Ms wife, late Mrs. Brattle, £. i. d.
for seventeen acres and half of land in Westwick, in the
occupation of Thomas Langran 1 6 3

John Haeper, Elizabeth Walkek, and Lucy -Hatton, for
eleven acres and half of land in Westwick, sometime John
Dann's now in the occupation of John Seymour ... 0 17 3

OVER.

The Master Fellows and Scholars of Jesus College
in Cambridge, for half a yard of land in Over, in the oc-
cupation of Martha Peacock widow and Mark Fisher . 3 0 0

The Master Fellows and Scholars of Catharine Hall
for half a hide of land in Over, late in the occupation of

John Adams, or his assignes , 3 0 0

swavesey.

Thomas CockayniJ Esq. for one hide of land in Swavesey, in

the occupation of John Twist G 0 0

DUXFORD.

Thomas Sclater King Esq., for four hides of land called

Bvirstlers in Duxford, in the occupation of Richard Trott 21 0 0
whittlesford.

James Barry Esq., for a quarter of an hide of land in

Whittlesford, in the occupation of Eliz. Miller Wid. . . 1 10 0

DUXFORD.

• for a quarter of an hide of land in Dux-
ford belonging to the School, now in the tenure of Francis
Patten . 1 10 0

CALDECOT.

William Bletsx)e Gent., for one hide of land in Caldecott,

in the occupation of Richard Papworth 6 0 0

toft.

John Day Gent, and Thomas Day Gent., for one hide and
half of land in Toft, in the occupation of Thomas Page

and Roger Looker 9 0 0

eversden.

The President or Master and Fellows of Queens' Col-
lege, for five hides arid half of land in Eversden, in the
occupation of Thomas Rycraft, Benjamin Godfrey and
John Rust 33 0 0

Garard Baron, John Baron & Elizabeth Day widoAv, for
seventeen acres of land in Eversden, late in the occupa-
tion of Benjamin Godfrey 1 5 6

Mautha Swann widow, for nineteen acres of land in Evers-
den, in the occupation of John Finkell 18 6

Elizabeth Day widow, for eleven acres of land in Evers-
den, in the occupation of William Kester late Hester
Baron's 0 17 3

Benjamin Godfrey 'hath tenn acres of land in Eversden,

late Dennis Baron's, in his own occupation 0 1.5 0

James Burgess Gent., for eleven acres of land in Eversden,

in the occupation of John Scgcrs 0 16 6

1752] GEORGE THE SECOND. ggg

TnoMrVs Page of Harlton, for six acres of land in Evcrsden, £. 8. d.

late Mabell King's, in the occupation of John" Rust . . 0 9 0
James Bukgess gent., for one acre of land in Eversden, in

the occupation of John Segcrs 016

Joshua Day, for one acre of land in Eversden, late Robert

Disbrow's, in his occupation » 0 1 6

"William La drum, for two acres of land in Eversden, late

Margarctt Peck's 0 30

John Marshall, for four acres of land in Eversden, late

Joseph Collin's, in the occupation of Jno. Marshal . . 0 6 0
AxTHONY IvATT & JoHN RusT, for three acres of land in

Eversden, late John Foreman's 0 4 6

DRY DRAYTON.

His Grace the Most Noble Johx Duke of Bebfoud, for
six hides of land in Dry Drayton, in the occupation of
"William Dare, Thomas Gifford, Henry Savill, & Joshua
Hipwell 36 0 0

HARDWICK.

The Master and Felloavs of Pembroke Hall in Cam-
bridge, for four hides of land and pasture in Hard^vick,

in the occupation of several tennants 24 0 0

eltisley.

Walford Esq., for three hides of land in Eltisley,

late John Disbrow's Esq., in the occupation of Joseph

Barringer 18 0 0

BOURN.

Elizabeth Lysle widow, for two hides of land in Bourn late
Chantry, in the occupation of Henry Markham, and two
other hides of land in Bourn sometime Mills, in the occu-
pation of the said Henry Markham 24 0 0

OAKINGTON.

Guy Sindrey Esq., for half a hide of land in Oakington, late

in the occupation of Susann Sparrow wid 3 0 0

Eliz. "Walker & Lucy' Hatton, for half a hide of land in

Oakington, in the occupation of Morgan Hemmlngton Sc

Stephen Linton 30 0

lolworth.
Henry Hawley Esq., for two hides of land in Lolworth, in

the occupation of John Cozens and Thomas Cotton . . 12 0 0
boxworth.
John Stanley Esq., for two hides of land in Boxworth,

late Mr, Cutts, now in the occupation of John Gifford . 12 0 0
John Stanley Esq., for two hides of land in Boxworth, now

in the occupation of James Sumpter 12 0 0

childerley.
Felix Calvert Esq., for three hides of land in Childerley, in

the occupation of Michael Cotton and Robert Rickman , 18 0 0

£il2 17 9(1)

(I) rontairo r.nnk, ICR. ICS.
O ()

ggO GEORGE THE SECOND. [1753

William Waller B.A. of Trinity College, was on the 25tli of June
summoned before the "Vicechancellor and Heads for publishing a
profane and blasphemous libel, entitled "David's Prophecy," &c.(i)
He confessed the publication and expressed his contrition, but was
nevertheless expelled the University by the decree of the Vicechan-
cellor and nine Heads of Colleges.(2)

On the 26th of October, there was a contest for the office of Pub-
lic Orator, vacant by the resignation of Dr. Philip Yonge ; the can-
didates were John Skynner M.A. fellow of St. John's College, and
John Rosse B.D. fellow of the same society, afterwards Bishop of
Exeter. Mr; Skynner was successful, the votes being Skynner 85 ;
Rosse 75.(3)

In December, the Hon. Edward Finch and the Hon. Thomas
Townshend, the representatives of the University in Parliament, in-
timated their intention of giving four prizes of fifteen guineas each
for the best exercises in Latin prose.(4) These prizes have ever since
been given annually by the Members of Parliament for the Uni-
versity.

1753.

An Act for regulating the manner of licensing alehouses, which
received the royal assent on the 7th of June, contains the follow-
ing proviso : —

Piiovii>ED ALWAYS, That this act, or any thing herein contained, shall
not in any vnse be prejudicial to the privilege of licensing taverns and other
publick houses claimed by the two universities of that part of Great Britain
called England, or either of them, nor to the chancellor, masters and scholars,
or any officers of the same, or their successors, but that they may use and
enjoy such privilege as they have heretofore lawfully used and enjoyed; any
thing herein contained to the contrary notwithstanding.(5)

The Duke of Newcastle the Chancellor of the University arrived
at Clare Hall on the 14th of June, where he was waited on by the
Vicechancellor, Heads of Houses, &c. He then went to the Senate
House and heard a Divinity Act, Mr. Ogden of St. John's College
responding to the Professor. The Duke dined with the Vicechan-
cellor, and spent the evening with the Master of Christ's College.
On the 15th, Lord Hardwicke Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain
and High Steward of the University arrived in Cambridge, and was

(1) Vide ante p. 280 n.

(2) Sequel to Frend's Trial, liO ; Howeirs State Trials, xxii.723 ; Gentleman's Magazine,
xxii. 286.

(3) Nichols, Literary Anecdotes, ix.487; Mr. Hubbard's Book (MS. Cole i.i. 131.)

(4) Gentleman's Magazine, xxii. 582 ; Wall, Ceremonies of Univ. of Cambridge, 239; Cam-
bridge University Calendar for 184G.

(5) Stat. 20 Geo. II. c. 31, s. Ifj-

1754] GEORGE THE SECOND. ^91

presented with the degree of LL.D. On the 16th, the Duke of New-
castle held a levee at Clare Hall, and then presided in a congrega-
tion, at the close of which he took leave of the University " in a
very handsome speech, which was received with universal and re-
peated applause." He returned to dinner at Clare Hall. On Sun-
day the 17th, he attended morning service at Great St. Mary's,
dined in Trinity College hall, attended the afternoon service at
Great St. Mary's, and went from thence to King's College chapel,
after which he made visits to several Heads of Houses, and supped
■with Dr. Richardson Master of Emmanuel College. On the 18th,
his Grace left Cambridge, for Euston Hall, the seat of the Duke of
Grafton.(i)

On the 19th of September, the Spanish Ambassador and the Resi-
dent of Hanover arrived at Cambridge on a visit to the University.
They were entertained at dinner by the Vicechancellor, and after
visiting several Colleges, came in procession to the Senate House
where graces passed for their admission to the degree of LL.D.

This year, it was decided, in the case of Isaac Schomberg M.D. of
Trinity College, that a Doctor of Physic of this University had
not as a matter of right a claim to admission into the College of
Physicians.(2)

1754.

At a Town sessions held on the 12th of February, the Court
ordered the chief constable to pay Edward Thompson stone-cutter
£5 Ss. lOd. for mending and repairing the Market Cross.(3)

At the general election, John Marquess of Granby and Philip
Viscount Royston were elected for the county. The eccentric Jacob
Butler Esq. of Barnwell Abbey offered himself as a candidate.

On the 25th of April, the Court of Quarter Sessions ordered that
from that day the market of this town should be open for cattle.(3)

On Sunday the 15th of September, the Duke of Newcastle Chan-
cellor of the University came to Cambridge. He on this occasion
gave £50. towards the re-erection of the Great Bridge.(4)

The throne (or gallery for the Vicechancellor, Heads of Houses,
Noblemen and Professors,) in Great St. Mary's was first opened in
December this year. It was designed by James Burrough Esq. M.A.
Master of Caius College.(5)

(1) Gentleman's Magazine, xxiii, 294; Mr. Kxibbard's Book (MS. Cole, Ll. 133.)

(2) Nichols, Literary Anecdotei, iii. 27 n.

(3) Town Sessions Book.

(4) Gentleman's Magazine, xxiv, 433.

(5) Newspaper,

292 GEOKGE THE SECOND. [175&

This year, the Great Bridge was rebuilt by public subscription.

Subjoined is a list of the contributions : —

£. s. d.

Sir Jacob Garrard Downing Bart 52 10 0

Thomas Holies Duke of Newcastle Chancellor of the Univer-
sity, Philip Earl of Hardwicke Lord High Chancellor of
Great Britain and High Steward of the University, John
Duke of Bedford, Francis Earl of Godolphin, Henry Earl
of Lincoln Lord Lieutenant of Cambridgeshire, Henry Lord
Montfort High Steward of the Town, Hon. Thomas Brom-
ley M.P. for the Town, John Marquess of Granby M.P.
for the County, Philip Viscount Royston M.P. for the
County, Thomas Viscount Dupplin M.P. for the Town,

and Granado Pigott Esq. £50. each 550 0 0

Sir John Cotton Bart 30 0 0

Conservators of the River Cam 30 0 0

Hon. Edward Finch and Hon. Thomas Townshend Members of

Parliament for the University £25. each 50 0 0

Dr. Matthias Mawson Bishop of Ely 21 0 0

Nightingale Esq. £15. 15*., Soame Jenyns Esq. £10. 10s.,

Wm. Greaves Esq. £10. 10s., Madam Gatward £10. IDs.,

Dr. Peter Allix Dean of Ely £o. 8s 52 13 0

Mr. Christopher Green, Crop Esq., Allix Esq.,

Christopher Anstey Esq., Folkes Esq., Joseph Pike

Esq., Mr. Herring of London, J. Richardson Esq., Peter
Standley Esq., Hale Wortham sen. Esq., and Robt. Bridge

Esq. £5. 5s. each 57 15 0

Francis Dayrell Esq. £5., Rev. William Cole £3. 3s., Mr.

Hanchett £2. 2s 10 5 0

The Corporation of Cambridge(l) 50 0 0

The sixteen Colleges 191 0 0

The University Church(2) , ; 30 0 0

Collected in the Town 202 6 6

£1327 9 6

1755.

On the 7th of January, Thomas Lord Montfort was unanimously
elected High Steward of the Town, in the room of his deceased
father, Henry Lord Montfort.(3)

On the 30th of April, the Duke of Newcastle Chancellor of the
University (who arrived at Clare Hall on the preceding day) laid
the first stone(4) of a new University library. The Earl of Hard-

(1) £30, voted from the Corporate Chest 3rd of April, 1753, the residue apparently contri-
buted by members of the Corporate body.

(2) Probably a collection in Great St. Mary's Church.

(3) Henry Lord Montfort destroyed himself on New Year's Day. — Horace Walpole's Cor-
respondence, ed. 1840, iii, 93, 98, 145 ; Gentleman's Magazine, xxv. 42.

(4) In this stone was a copper plate with the subjoined inscription : — " Constantise JEter-
" nitatique Sacrum. Latus hoc orientale Bibliothecse Publicse Egregia Georgii Primi
" Britanniarum Regis Liberalitate locupletat® Vetustate obsoletum instauravit Georgii Se-

1755] GEORGE THE SECOND.

wicke High Steward of the University was also present on the oc-
casion. The Duke of Newcastle made a short prefatory address in
Latin, and after the stone was laid a learned speech was made by
Mr. Skynner the Public Orator.(U The cost of the building, which,
though commodious, has but slight pretensions to architectural merit,(2)
was defrayed by subscription.!-^)

In celebration of the Duke of Newcastle's visit on this occasion,
the University published a collection of poems, entitled, " Carmina

*' cundi Principis Optinii Munificentia Accedente Nobilissimorum Virorum ThoniEe Holies
" Ducis de Newcastle Academise Cancellarii Philippi Comitis de Hardwicke Ang-liaj Cancel-
" larii Academiae Sunimi Seneschalli ac plurimoruni Praesulum, Optimatum, aliorumque
" Academiae Fautoruin Propensa in Kei Liteiariae incrementum Splendoreiuque Benignitate
" Lapidem huiic immobilem Operis Exordium Ipsius Auspiciis Susceptis Authoritate, Pa-
" trocinio, Procuratione, Feliciter, Deo Propitio, perficiendi, Circumstante frequeutissima
" Academicorum, Corona, Prid. Kalend. Mai. mdcclv. Sua Manu Solenmter posuit Aca-
'* demiae Cancellarius."

(1 ) Gentleman's Magazine, xxv. 231 ; Dyer, Privileges of Univ. of Camb. ii. 230.

(2) Vide MS. Cole, Li. 136, 137.

(3) List of subscriptions to the Xew Library from 1754 to I7(il, (with two legacies in
1741) :-

King George the Second £3000 0 0

Thomas Holies Duke of Newcastle Chancellor of the University 1000 0 0

Sir Nathaniel Lloyd Knt. Master of Trinity Hall [Legacy in 1741] 500 0 0

Philip Earl of Hardwicke Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain and High

Steward of the University 300 0 0

Hon. Edward P'incli and Hon. Thomas Townshend Members of Parliament

for the University £250. each 500 0 0

Dr. Thomas Herring Archbishop of Canterbury, John Marquess of Granby,
Henry Earl of Lincoln, Robert Earl of Holderness, Francis Earl of Go-
dolphin, John Earl of Ashburnham, Philip Viscount Koyston, Dr. Tho-
mas Sherlock Bishop of London formerly Master of Catharine Hall, Dr.
Matthias Mawsou Bishop of Ely formerly Master of Corpus Christi Col-
lege, £200. each 1800 0 0

Dr. Matthew Hutton Archbishop of York, Dr. John Ryder Archbishop of
Tuam, Charles Marquess of Rockingham, Thomas Viscount Weymouth,
Dr. Benjamin Hoadley Bishop of Winchester, Hon. Frederick Coru-
wallis D.D. Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry (afterwards Archbishop of
Canterbury), Dr. John Thomas Bishop of Lincoln (afterwards Bishop of
Salisbury), Dr. Zachary Pearce Bishop of Rochester, Dr. Anthony EUys
Bishop of St. David's, Dr. Richard Osbaldeston Bishop of Carlisle
(afterwards Bishop of London), Dr. Benjamin Keene Bishop of Chester
(afterwards Bishop of Ely) Sir William Ashburnham Bishop of Chi-
chester, Dr. Philip Yonge Bishop of Bristol (afterwards Bishop of Nor-
wich) formerly Master of Jesus College, Dr. John Garnett Bishop of
Clogher, Dr. William Barnard Bishop of Derry, Hon. Charles Yorke
Solicitor-General (afterwards Lord Chancellor), Sir Thomas Clarke
Knt. Master of the Rolls, Sir Thomas Salusbury Knt. Judge of the
Admiralty, Sir George Savile Bart., Sir Thomas Robinson K.B. Rev.

Dr. Roger Pettiward, £100. each 2100 0 0

Richard Chevenix Bishop of Waterford, Sir Edward Wilmot Bart. M.D.
John Fountayne D.D. Dean of York, John Green D.D. Dean (after-
wards Bishop) of Lincoln, William Heberden M.D., Robert Taylor

M.D., Soame Jenyns Esq. M.P. £50. each 350 0 0

Dr. John Taylor Canon Residentiary of St. Paul's £40., Rev. Robert TiU

lotson M.A. [Legacy in 1741] £30 70 0 0

Penniston Booth D.D. Dean of Windsor, Hugh Thomas D.D. Dean of Ely,
Charles Moss D.D. Archdeacon of Colchester (afterwards Bishop of Bath
and Wells), Roger Long D.D. Master of Pembroke Hall, John Sum-
ner D.D. Provost of King's College, Thomas Chapman D.D. Master
of Magdalene College, Christopher Wilson D.D. Canon Residentiary

of St. Paul's (afterwards Bishop of Bristol) £21. each 147 0 0

Edward Barnard U.D. Master of Eton School 20 0 0

Richard Etough M.A. Rector of Therfield, Herts. £10. 10s., John Keet
M.A. Rector of Hatfield, Herts. £10. 10s., Theophilus Lowe M.A.
Cauon of Windsor £10 31 0 0

£9818 0 0

g94 GEORGE THE SECOND. [1756

" ad nobilissimum Thomam Holies Ducem de Newcastle inscripta,
" cum Academiam Cantab rigiensem Bibliotliecse restituenda causa
" inviseret Prid. Kalend. Maias, mdcclv."(U Amongst the authors
were Thomas Robinson fellow-commoner of Christ's College eldest
Bon of Sir Thomas Robinson K.B. Secretary of State, Henry Towns -
hend fellow-commoner of Clare Hall son of Hon. Thomas Towns-
hend, John Cullum of Catharine Hall, Robert Glynn M.D. fellow of
King's College, Robert Tyrwhitt of Jesus College, John Hinchliffe
B.A. of Trinity College afterwards Bishop of Peterborough, Richard
Farmer scholar of Emmanuel College, and Elijah Impey of Trinity
College afterwards Chief Justice of Fort-William, Bengal. At the
end of this collection is printed, " Oratio habita in Senaculo Acade-
" mise Cantabrigiensis, coram nobilissimo Thoma Holies Duce de
" Newcastle, post jacta ab eo fundamenta Bibliothecse Regiae Prid.
" Kaleudas Maias mdcclv. a Joanne Skynner, A.M. Coll. D. Joann.
" Soc. Academies Oratore."

Charles Viscount Townshend this year gave two prizes of twenty
guineas each for the best dissertations in English prose, on the fol-
lowing subject, "In what manner trade and civil liberty support
each other?" There were fourteen competitors. The prizes were ad-
judged to William Hazeland M.A. fellow of St. John's College and
Guyon Griffith M.A. fellow of Clare Hall. The following year his
Lordship gave two prizes of the like amount for the best disserta-
tions in English prose on the following questions, "What causes prin-
cipally contribute to render a nation populous? And what effect
the populousness of a nation has on its trade ?" These prizes were
adjudged to William Lobb B.A. fellow of Peterhouse, and William
Bell B.A. fellow of Magdalene College.(2)

1756.

The following address was agreed to by the Senate on the loth
of April, and was soon afterwards presented to the King by the
Duke of Newcastle Chancellor of the University : —

To THE King's most excellent Majesty.
The humble Address of the Chancellor, Masters, and Scholars of the

University of Cambridge.
Most Gracious Sovereign,
We your Majesty's most dutiful and Loyal Subjects, the Chancellor, Mas-
ters, and Scholars of your University of Cambridge with Hearts full of Gra-
titude for your Majesty's constant and unwearied Endeavours to preserve the

(1) " Cantabrigiae, Typis Acaderaicis Excudit J. Bentham. mdcclv." fo.

(2) Gentleman's Magazhie, xxv. 281; xxvi. 41, 310 ; xxvjii. 373.

1756] GEORGE THE SECOND. 295

rights of your Imperial Crown, and to promote the happiness of your People,
beg leave at this critical Juncture, to renew our sincere and Solemn Assur-
ances of inviolable Attachment to your royal Person and illustrious House.

Zeal for our Holy Religion, a deep sense of our duty, and a full convic-
tion of the inestimable Blessings long enjoyed under your Majesty's mild and
gracious Govcmmt^nt, concur to inspire us with Abhorrence of the present un-
just attempt to shake the Stability of your Throne ; the same Considerations
will ever powerfully engage us to join with Unanimity in the most vigorous
and effectual measures for its support and faithfully instil the same Sense of
our common Duty and Interest into all those that are committed to our Care.

To the more general Motives of Affection and Loyalty we ought to add your
Majesty's continued Favour and repeated Bounty to your University: These
constantly excite in us the most grateful sentiments, and justly demand our
public and most dutiful acknowledgments.

Ma.y the Great God of Hosts in this and all other times of Difficulty and
Danger, guard your most sacred Person and give Success to your righteous
Cause ; protect your Fleets and Armies in the Day of Battle, and disappoint
the Enterprises of those who delight in War. May he prolong that life which
is so dear to a happy and obedient People ; infuse your Royal Virtues into
the several branches of your august House, and thence raise a succession of
wise and upright Princes, who Avith equal Glory and Felicity, shall sway the
Sceptre of these Kingdoms to all future Generations.(l)

The Duke of Newcastle by the King's command addressed the fol-
lowing letter of thanks to the Vicechancellor : —

Newcastle House, Apr. 21, 1756.
Sir,

I have, in odcdience to the commands of the University, had the honor to
present to his Majesty, their most humble & dutiful Address, which I received
by Mr. Burrowcs, the Beadle.

His Majesty was pleased to receive it with that Grace & Goodness, which
he does every thing which comes from his loyal University of Cambridge, & to
command me to return his thanks for this seasonable mark of their duty, affec-
tion, & Loyalty to his Majesty's person & Government, & to assure the Uni-
versity that his Majesty has a just sense of their constant attention to instill
into those committed to their care, principles of true religion & virtue, & of
duty & Loyalty to his person & Government.

The many marks, which the University daily receives of the King's Grace
& favor, can leave no doubt of the continuance of his Majesty's countenance
& protection ; of which, however, I have the King's express commands to re-
peat to them the strongest assurance.

I esteem myself greatly honored with the commands of the University upon
this occasion, & it is a peculiar satisfaction to me, to have this opportunity of
acquainting them, with the goodness, which his Majesty has expressed towards
them.

You will be pleased to acquaint the University, in such manner, as you shall
think proper, with the command which I have received from the King.
I am with great truth & regard. Sir

Your most obedient humble servant,

HoLLES Newcastle. (2)

(1) London Gazette, 20 to 24 April, 1750. ^

(2) MS.Culo, T,i, MO.

296 GEORGE THE SECOND. [1757

The following address was presented to the King by Visconnt
Dupplin one of the members of Parliament for the Town ; " which
Address His Majesty was pleased to receive very graciously:" —

To THE King's most Excellent Majesty.
Most Gracious Sovereign,

"Wk your Majesty's most dutiful and loyal Subjects, the Mayor, Aldermen,
and Common Council of the ToAvn of Cambridge beg leave, at this critical Con-
juncture to Address your Majesty with our sincerest Thanks and Hearts full
of gratitude for the great care and affection, that your Majesty has on all oc-
casions and noAV particularly, most graciously shewn by the vigorous and active
measures that have been lately carried on by your royal order, to curb the
insolent attacks of our perfidious Neighbours in our Colonies, and to defend
these your Kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland, and your People from any
hostile attempts that may be made and with which we are now threatened.

CoNsciors of your Majesty's Goodness and of the numberless Blessings which
we enjoy imder your auspicious Reign by the vigilant and paternal care that
you always take to preserve to all your Subjects their Rights and Privileges
that they may freely enjoy them unrestrained and without the least Infringe-
ment;

We assure your Majesty that in any time of Necessity, no People shall be
readier to serve and defend your Royal Person with more unfeigned Zeal and
true Affection than we, who constantly offer up our Prayers for the continuance
of your Majesty's health and that success may attend your Armies and Fleets
whenever they are faced by our treacherous Enemies.

Given under our common Seal the twentieth Day of May in the year of our
Lord one thousand seven hundred and fifty-six.(l)

1757.

A paper reflecting upon the Town magistrates, with reference to
the allowance of certain poor rates was affixed to the Market Cross
and circulated. It was entitled, " Querys humbly submitted to the
learned and wise Sages of the Law within the Town and County of
Cambridge." The author was John Delaporte a hair merchant, who
at the Town sessions held on the 18th of January was severely re-
primanded by the Recorder. He acknowledged his imprudence in
being the author and publisher " of so fjilse, scandalous, and ini-
quitous a Libel," and asked pardon of the Mayor and Justices, who,
upon this submission, agreed not to apply for an information against
him, and he returned thanks for their clemency.(2)

Thomas Todington B.A. of St. John's College, having appealed to
the Bishop of Ely as Visitor against the election of William Craven
B.A.(3) into one of the fellowships founded there by Dr. John Keton,

(1) London Gazette, 25 to 29 May, 175G.

(2) Town Sessions Book.

(3) Afterwards l\|pstcr of St. Jolni's Colleg

1757] GEORGE THE SECOND. ^97

the Master and senior fellows prayed the Court of King's Bench for
a prohibition, on the ground that the Bishop's visitatorial power did
not extend to engrafted foundations. The Court however, on the
3rd of February this year, decided otherwise, and refused the prohi-
bition.(i)

On the 15th of June, "A mob (chiefly of women) assembled at
<' Cambridge, broke open a storehouse in which were lodged about
"15 quarters of wheat, the property of a farmer, who had that
*• day refused 9s. Gd. a bushel for it, and carry 'd it all off. The
" mayor caused the proclamation to be read, but before the hour
" was expired, the mischief was done, and the mob dispersed." On
the 16th, "the mob assembled again, having intelligence of 27 sacks
*' of flour being lodged at Small-bridges, and notwithstanding the
** constables attended, about ten they began to assault the place ;
" and after a vigorous resistance in which seven or eight were dread-
" fully wounded, they carried it, forced the mayor to release one of
" their number that had been made prisoner, and then went off in
" triumph. "(2) Similar disturbances, occasioned by the high price of
corn, took place in various other parts of the Kingdom at this
period.

The following proviso is contained in an Act relating to wine
licenses, which received the royal assent on the 28th of June : —

Provided alv/ays, That this act or any thing herein contained, shall not
in any wise be prejudicial to the privileges of the two universities in that part
of Great Britain called England, or either of them, nor to the chancellors or
scholars of the same, or their successors, but that they may use and enjoy
such privileges as they have heretofore lawfully used and enjoyed ; any thing
herein contained to the contrary notwithstanding. (3)

By the militia act, which received the royal assent on the same
day, the number of private men to be raised in the county of Cam-
bridge was fixed at 480. Amongst the parties to be excepted in the
returns of men liable to serve were "all persons being members of
either of the universities. "(4)

On the 25th of August, the King constituted the Hon, Philip
Yorke, commonly called Viscount Royston,(5) Lord Lieutenant and
Custos Rotulorum of Cambridgeshire in the room of Henry Earl of
Lincoln.

(1) Sir W. Blackstone's lleports, i. 71, 81 ; Burrow's Reports, i. 158 ; Lord Kcnyon's Ee-
ports, i. 441.

(2) Gentleman's Magazine, xxvii. 28G.

(3) Stat. 30 Geo. II. c. 19, s. 9.

(4) Stat. 30 Geo. II. c. 25, ss. 16, 19.

(5) In 1764, he succeeded to the Karldom of Hardwicke.
VOL. IV. P P

298 GEORGE THE SECOND. [1758

There was a destructive fire at Barnwell on the 16th of Decem-
ber, nine or ten barns with a great quantity of corn were consumed.
It was conjectured to have been the work of an incendiary .(i)

1758.

On the 10th of January, the Right Hon. Thomas Hay, commonly
called Viscount Dupplin,(2) was elected Recorder of the Town,(3) in
the room of Samuel Henry Pont Esq., who was removed from
that office by the Corporation on the 20th of December preceding,
he being a lunatic.

The wranglers of this year established a club called the Hyson
Club.(4)

In a militia act passed this year it was enacted that no person
being a member of either of the Universities should be liable to
serve personally or to provide a substitute to serve in the militia.(5)

An Act for the due making of bread, and to regulate the price
and assize thereof, which received the royal assent on the 19th
of June, contains the subjoined proviso: —

Provided likewise, That neither this act, nor any thing herein contained,
shall extend, or be construed to extend, to prejudice the ancient right or cus-
tom of the two universities of Oxford or Cambridge, or either of them, or of
their or either of their clerks of the market, or the practice within the several
jurisdictions of the said universities, or either of them, used to set, ascertain
and appoint, the assize and weight of all sorts of bread to be sold or exposed
to sale within their several jurisdictions; but that they and every of them, shall
and may severally and respectively from time to time, as there shall be occa-
sion, set, ascertain, and appoint, within their several and respective jurisdic-
tions, the assize and weight of all sorts of bread to be sold or exposed to sale
by any baker or other person whatsoever, within the limits of their several
jurisdictions; and shall and may inquire and punish the breach thereof, as fully
and freely in all respects as they used to do, and as if this act had never been
made ; any thing herein contained to the contrary thereof notwithstanding.(6)

(1) Gentleman's Magazine, xsvii. 576.

(2) Lord Dupplin was unanimously elected one of the members of Parliament for the
Town Nov. 24, 1746, and continued to represent it till the close of this year, 1758, when
he succeeded to the Earldom of Kinnoul. He was one of the Lords of the Treasury from
April 6, 1754, to 20 Dec. 1755. He was then appointed Joint Paymaster-General of the land
forces, and in January, 1758, he was constituted Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, and
sworn of the Privy Council. In 1759, he was sent Ambassador-extraordinary to the Court
of Portugal. On the accession of George III. he Avas continued in the office of Chan-
cellor of the Duchy, which he resigned in 1762, when he retired to his seat in Scotland.
He died in 1787, aged 77.

(3) His deputies were Edward Leeds junr. of Croxton Esq. Barrister-at-Law, appointed
1758, and Charles Nalson Cole Esq. BaiTister-at-Law, appointed Sept. 23, 1769. Mr. Cole
was Registrar of the Bedford Level Corporation from 1757 to his death in 1804. He pub-
lished a Collection of Laws relative to the Bedford Level, ai;d edited the works of Soarae
Jenyns.

(4) Milner, Life of Dean Milner, 9.

(5) Stat. 31 Geo. II. c. 26, s. 12.

(6) Stat. 31 Geo. II. c. 29, s. 44.

1759] GEORGE THE SECOND. 099

The Duke of Newcastle Chancellor of the University was here
from the 1st to the 5th of July.(i)

On the 25th of July, the Corporation ordered that whenever
any lease of the estates of the Corporation should be wholly or
near run out, that the Town Clerk should acquaint the Mayor and
advertise the estate in the Cambridge Journal, to be sold to the
best bidder.(2)

At a Common Day held on the 24th of August, the Corporation
ordered the collector of the tolls to provide weights and scales for
weighing hops and other goods at Sturbridge fair, and agreed to
indemnify him against any suit in relation to the weighing of
such goods.(2)

The following address from the University was presented to the
King at Kensington, on the 12th of September, by the Duke of
Newcastle Chancellor, Dr. Green Vicechancellor, and Dr. Law
Master of Peterhouse ; " which Address was most graciously re-
ceived by His Majesty ; and they had the Honour to kiss His Ma-
jesty's Hand:" —

To THE King's most Excellent Majesty.
The humble Address of the Chancellor, Masters, and Scholars, of
the University of Cambridge,

Most gracious Sovereign,

We your Majesty's most dutiful and loyal Subjects, the Chancellor, Masters
and Scholars, of your University of Cambridge, humbly beg leave to express
our grateful sense of your Majesty's constant and unwearied Endeavours to
maintain the Dignity of your Imperial Crown, and to promote the Happiness
of all your People.

It would be unpardonable in us, who have so often felt the Influence of
your Paternal Care did we not at this time especially Join with the most
Zealous of our Fellow Subjects, in humbly presenting to your Majesty our
sincere and joyful congratulations, upon the many signal successes which have
attended your Majesty's Avise and vigorous Measures for the vindication of
the Just rights of your Kingdoms, the Support of your Allies and the defence
of the common Liberties of Europe. The conquest of Cape Breton and the
strong fortress of Louisbourgh is an event not less glorious to your Majesty's
Arms, than important to the interests of your Subjects, for the extending of
their Trade, and the securing of the British Colonies, so essential to the
Wealth and Strength of the Mother Country.

The great reduction of the Naval Force of France, by taking and destroying
so many of their Ships of War in America and other Parts; the successful
Acquisition of one of their principal Settlements in Africa; the. Distresses brought
upon them by the repeated Attacks of their Coast ; and the Demolition of
Works erected at a great expence to annoy this country, must produce the

(1) Mr. Hubbard's Book, (MS. Cole Li, 145.)

(2) Corporation Common Day Book.

300 GEORGE THE SECOND. [1768

most beneficial consequences, by weakening our Enemies and supporting the
Power and Commerce of Great Britain,

The memorable Victory of Crevelt, and the other great Advantages gained
over the common Enemy, by the Bravery of your Majesty's Electoral Troops,
and those of your Allies under the able Conduct of Prince Ferdinand of Bruns-
wick, give us the more particular Pleasure, as they highly conduce to rescue
from Oppression those of your Majesty's Dominions that have been so unjustly
invaded, and have suflFered the most barbarous Treatment in a cause entirely
British.

We cannot here omit to declare our unfeigned Joy for the compleat Victory
attained, at this critical Juncture, by your Majesty's faithful and magnanimous
Ally the King of Prussia, upon whose success in Conjunction with your Ma^
jesty, the Fate of the Protestant Interest in Germany does so much depend.

So many successive, happy events, afford us just Reason to hope, that the
blessing of God upon your Majesty's Arms and Councils, may, ere long, pro-
cure a safe, honourable, and lasting peace, and that our Holy Religion, under
the protection of the Divine Providence, w^ill ever be able to withstand the
secret Attempts and open Violence of all its Adversaries.

Permit us, most gracious Sovereign, to add our fervent Prayers that your
Majesty, under whose auspicious Government your loyal Subjects possess so
many inestimable Blessings, may, in perfect Tranquility, enjoy a long and
glorious Reign, over a dutiful and grateful People; and that the Virtues of
your Royal Descendants, derived from your Majesty, may transmit to our
latest Posterity the Benefits of your Illustrious Example.(l)

Joseph Benthara the University printer, having in 1741 published
an abridgement of the acts of parliament relating to the excise
on beer, ale, brandy, vinegar, or other liquors, a bill in Chancery
was filed by Thomas Baskett and Robert Baskett the King's prin-
ters against the University Mr. Bentham and another, and an
injunction restraining the sale of the work was obtained. On the
hearing of the cause, on the 24th of January, 1743, the Lord
Chancellor ordered a case to be stated for the opinion of the
Court of King's Bench. This case was argued in Michaelmas term,
1745, by Mr. Comyns for the plaintiffs, and Mr. Noel for the de-
fendants; in Michaelmas term, 1747, by Mr. Gundry for the plain-
tiffs and Sir Richard Lloyd for the defendants ; in Hilary term,
1749, by Mr. Hume for the plaintiffs and Mr. Henley for the de-
fendants ; and in Michaelmas term, 1758, by Mr. Comyns for the
plaintiffs and Mr. Charles Yorke Solicitor-General for the defend-
ants. The Court of King's Bench decided in favour of the de-
fendants, and sent the following certificate to the Court of Chan-
cery : —

Having heard Counsel on both Sides, and considered of this case. We are of
opinion, that, during the Term granted by the Letters Patent, dated the 13th
October in the 12th Year of the Reign of Queen Ann, the Plaintiffs are en-

(1) London Gazett«o, 9 to 12 Sept. 1758; Gentleman's Magazine, xxviii. 431.

1759] GEORGE THE SECOND. 301

titled to the Right of printing Acts of Parliament and Abridgments of Acts of
Parliament ; exclusive of all other Persons, not authorized to print the same,
by prior Grants from the CroAvn.

But we think, that, by Virtue of the Letters Patent, bearing Date the 20th
Day of July, in the 26th Year of the Reign of King Henry the 8th,(l) and
the Letters Patent, bearing Date the 6th of February, in the 3d Year of the
Reign of King Charles the lst,(2) the Chancellor, Masters, and Scholars of
the University of Cambridge are intrusted, tcith a concurrent Atdhority ,[^)
to print Acts of Parliament and Abridgments of Acts of Parliament, within
the said University, upon the Terms in the said Letters Patent.
24th November, 1758.

Mansfield, M. Foster,

T. Dennison, E. "Wilmot.(4)

1759.

Alehouse licenses were granted this year by Dr. Caryl Vice-
chancellor, with his assistant William Greaves Beaupre Bell(5) Esq.
described as " two of his Majesty's Justices of the Peace within
the University and Town of Cambridge and the precincts thereof."
The regulations subjoined thereto were similar to those of 1693,(6)
with the exception that the 7th article prohibiting the party from
brewing in his house was omitted. (7)

An Act granting a subsidy of poundage upon paper imported,
which received the royal assent on the 5th of April, contains a
proviso that a drawback should be allowed in respect of paper
used in printing books in the Latin, Greek, oriental or northern
languages within the two Universities of Oxford or Cambridge or
either of them, by permission of the Vicechancellors of the same re-
spectively.(8)

(1) Vide Vol. i. p. 368.

(2) Vide Vol. ill. p. 199.

(3) In a letter from Mr. Justice Foster to Sir William (then Mr.) Blackstone, at Oxford,
dated December 11, 1758, and enclosing the foregoing certificate, he expresses himself in
these terms : —

" I thought it would be agreeable to you, to know the Issue of the Cause, betAvecn
" the King's Printers and the University of Cambridge, as far as concerns the Proceed-
" ings in our Court; and have therefore inclosed our Opinion.

" What hath been done in the Court of Chancery upon our Certificate, I have not heard.
" The Words underlined were thrown in, by Avay of an Intimation to the University, that
" we consider the Powers, given by the Letters Patent, as a trust reposed in that learned
" Body, for public Benefit, for the Advancement of Literature, and not to be transferred
" upon lucrative Views to other Hands. I hope both the Universities will always cou-
" sider the royal Grants in that Light."— Sir W. Blackstone's Reports, i. 122,

(4) Sir W. Blackstone's Reports, i. 105 ; Burrov/'s Reports, ii, 661.

(5) This gentleman who was Commissary of the University married the sister and heiress
of Beaupre Bell Esq., and took the name of Beaupre Bell in addition to that of Greaves.
He however continued to be known as ;Commissary Greaves, and always signed his name
" William Greaves B. B."

(6) Vide ante, p. 24.

(7) Original License to Thomas Williamson of the Swan in Chesterton, dated 13th of
March, 1759, in the University Registry.

(8) Stat. 32 Geo. II. c. 10, s. 6.

302 GEORGE THE SECOND. [1759

At the Town sessions held on the 26th of April, George Brooks
of Great St. Mary's hatter, and John Paris of St. Benedict's book-
seller, two of the constables of the Town, were indicted and con-
victed for disobeying the orders of the high constable to meet at
*he Town Hall (in pursuance of the directions of the Vicechan-
cellor and Mayor) on the 27th of February, being Shrove Tues-
day, to assist in apprehending all persons guilty of throwing at
cocks on that day.(i)

An Act relating to wine licenses which received the royal as-
sent on the 2d of June, contains the following proviso : —

Provided always, and be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That
nothing in this act or any former act of parliament, relating to wine licences,
shall in any wise be prejudicial to the pri^dleges of the two universities in that
part of Great Britain called England, or either of them, or to the chancellors
or scholars of the same, or their successors, but that they may use and enjoy
such privileges as they have heretofore lawfully used and enjoyed; any thing
to the contrary thereof in any wise notwithstanding.(2)

At the Town sessions held on the 4th of October, Sarah John-
son was indicted and convicted of being a common scold. She was
ordered to be imprisoned a fortnight, fined 35. 4d. and ordered to
pay the costs of pros ecu tion.(i)

On the 12th of November, the following address was presented
to the King at St. James's by the Duke of Newcastle Chancellor
of the University, attended by James Burrough Esq. Vicechancellor,
Dr. Richardson Master of Emmanuel College, Dr. Law Master of
Peterhouse, and Dr. Caryl Master of Jesus College, " Which Ad-
" dress His Majesty was pleased to receive very graciously. They
" all had the honour to kiss His Majesty's hand, and His Majesty
" was pleased to confer the Honor of Knighthood upon James
"Burrough Esq. Vice Chancellor:" —

To THE King's most Excellent Majesty,
The humble Address of the Chancellor Masters and Scholars of the

University of Cambridge.
Most Gracious Sovereign,

At a time when your Majesty's Subjects are hastening from all parts, to
testify in your royal presence their unfeigned Joy on the repeated successes,
with which the Di\ine Providence has blessed your Majesty's Arms ; It would
be unpardonable in us, the Chancellor, Masters, and Scholars of your loyal
University of Cambridge, who have been distinguished by so many marks of
your Majesty's peculiar Favoxir, not to appear among the first in presenting
our congratulations on so happy an Occasion.

(1) Town Sessions Book.

(2) Stat. 32 Geo II. c. 19,

1759] GEORGE THE SECOND. 303

The many and signal Proofs which your Majesty has given of your constant
Attention to the Safety, Honour, and Interests of these Kingdoms, must for
ever endear your Majesty's Name to all your British Subjects.

Your Majesty's vigorous and effectual support of the Protestant Religion,
so essential to its Preservation against the most powerful Combinations of its
Enemies, will remain a lasting Monument of your distinguished Zeal and
Steadiness in its Defence.

The rapid and victorious Progress of your Majesty's Arms in America, and
the reduction of Quebec, under all the Disadvantages of Numbers and Diffi-
culties of Situation, must have made your Enemies sensible how dangerous it
will ever be, by repeated Incroachments to awaken the Resentment of a brave
and Injured People. Our Joy for an event of such importance to these King-
doms would have been compleat, had it not been allayed by a Loss which can
never be sufficiently lamented.

Permit us also to congratulate your Majesty on the success of that memo-
rable Day, when the bravery of your Troops on the plains of Minden was ani-
mated by the Justness of their Cause, and inspired by the love of Liberty:
A Day as glorious to their illustrious Commander as fatal to the vain Hopes
of the Enemy, who forgetting the common Ties of Humanity, meant to insure
their Success by unexampled Ravage and Desolation, and, as the Instruments
of arbitrary Power, aimed at Conquest only to enslave.

The threatened Invasion of these Kingdoms carries with it the appearance
of a last Effort of an haughty and ambitious Power. But we trust that the
united Affections and Zeal of your Majesty's Subjects and the vigilence and
well-known Intrepidity of your Naval Commanders will, under the Divine Pro-
tection, render any such attempt here impracticable to those, who have fled
from us in every other Quarter of the World.

"We beg leave to assure your Majesty that it shall be our constant Endea-
vour to instil into the minds of the rising Generation, with the care of whom
we may be intrusted, a due sense of those inestimable Benefits which we owe
to your Majesty's paternal goodness.

May the King of Kings long continue to guard your Majesty's sacred Per-
son and your Royal Family. May he inspire your Majesty's Posterity with
the same firm Attachment to the true Religion, the same real Affection for
your Subjects, and the same steady attention to preserve the Liberties of
Europe, and the Constitution of these Kingdoms, which have been the distin-
guished Marks of your Majesty's glorious Reign and the great Source of
Happiness to your People.
Given under our Common Seal this 8th day of November, 1759.(1)

The following address from the Corporation was sealed on the
20th of November. It was soon afterwards presented to the King
by the Hon. Charles Sloane Cadogan and Soame Jenyns Esq. the
members of parliament for the Town : —

To THE King's most Excellent Majesty.
The humble Address of the Mayor, Aldermen, Common Council,

and Freemen of the Corporation of Cambridge.
May it please your Majesty,
We your Majesty's most dutiful and loyal Subjects the Mayor, Aldermen,
Common Council and Freemen of the Corporation of Cambridge, most humbly

(!) London Gazette, 10 to i 3 November 1759.

304 GEORGE THE SECOND. [1760

beg leave to congratulate your Majesty upon the very great and signal Suc-
cesses that have attended your Majesty's arms in the four different Quarters
of the World, from the Reduction of the Island of Goree on the Coast of
Africa, to the Defeat of the French army in Canada and the surrender of
Quebec their capital.

We cannot but sincerely lament the loss of the General who fell so glori-
ously in the Cause of his Country, and whose virtues and heroic Conduct have
rendered his Memory for ever Dear and Sacred to his Fellow Citizens.

It is with the most unfeigned Joy and Satisfaction that we see the Zeal
and Unanimity of all your Majesty's faithful Subjects in their respective Coun-
ties who thoroughly sensible of, and gratefully acknowledging, your Majesty's
paternal care, are all ready to sacrifice their Lives and Fortunes in the De-
fence of your Royal Person and Government.

Given under our Common Seal, the Twentieth Day of November One Thou-
sand Seven Hundred and Fifty Nine.(l)

1760.

An Act relating to the qualification of members of parliament,
which received the royal assent on the 22d of May, contains a
proviso that the Act should not extend to the members for either
of the Universities in England.(2)

The Duke of Newcastle Chancellor of the University was present
at the Commencement this year, and assisted at the solemnity,
after which he dined at Trinity College.(3)

(n London Gazette, 20 to 24 November, \ir)9.

(2) Stat. 33 Geo. II. c 20, s. 3.

(3) Gentleman's Magazine, xxx. 345.

305

GEORGE THE THIRD.

1760.

On the 31st of October, the Deputy Mayor (in the absence of the
Mayor from illness) the recorder, aldermen, town clerk, common-
councilmen and bailiffs attended by Soame Jenyns Esq. one of the
representatives in parliament for the town, and many other burgesses
and gentlemen went in procession on horseback attended by flags
and music to proclaim King George the Third. The proclamation was
first read at the Market Cross, thence the procession went by the
way of Petty Cury to Emmanuel Lane end, where the proclamation
was read a second time. The procession then turned and went to
the Great Bridge, where the proclamation was read a third time, and
thence by way of St. John's Lane to St. Botolph's Church, where the
proclamation was read the fourth and last time. The company then
returned to the Guildhall and drank the King's health, and from
thence adjourned to the Rose where an elegant entertainment was
provided by Mr. Jenyns, and after dinner the healths of His Ma-
jesty, the Royal Family, the Prime Ministers, and many persons of
distinction were drank.(i)

At St. James's on the 12th of November, "the following Address
" of the University of Cambridge was presented to his Majesty by
" his Grace the Duke of Newcastle their Chancellor accompanied by
" the Rev. Dr. Sandby, Master of Magdalen College, Vice chancellor ;
" the Right Hon. the Earl of Hardwicke High Steward, and several
" of the Nobility, students in the University; the Bishops of Norwich,
" Lichfield and Coventry, Chester, St. David's, Chichester, Peterbo-

(1) Corporation Common Day Book. In the margin is this note, "The Corporation
" Gentlemen were not uncovered at the time the rroclamation was read, which was
•' thought to be disrespectful."

VOL. IV. Q Q

306 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1760

" rougli and Bristol ; with a great number of heads of houses, Doc-
" tors, and Masters of Arts ; all in their proper University Habits :—

To THE King's most Excellent Majesty.
The humble Address of the Chancellor, Masters, and Scholars, of
the University of Cambridge.

Most gracious Sovereign,

"We your Majesty's most dutiful and loyal Subjects the Chancellor Masters
and Scholars of your University of Cambridge, lamenting with the sincerest
grief, the Death of our most gracious Sovereign; and being truly sensible of
the Blessings we enjoyed under His glorious Reign humbly beg leave to ap-
proach your Royal Presence, to testify our deepest concern, for the severe and
most affecting Loss which your Majesty and these Kingdoms have sustained
by that melancholy event ; and with hearts full of the sincerest duty, and most
affectionate Zeal, to congratulate your Majesty on your happy Accession to the
Throne of your Royal Ancestors.

The remarkable Prosperity and Success, which by the diTine Providence has
been vouchsafed to us through the long and illustrious Reign of your Royal
Grandfather ; the acknowledged Lenity, Moderation, and wisdom of his Govern-
ment ; that uniform Regard to our Laws and Constitution which was the inva-
riable rule of His Conduct, that constant and inviolable integrity, with which
His Engagements were fulfilled ; that firmness, that Resolution, with which His
Councils were directed ; as they were productive of the most invaluable Bless-
ings justly demand the most affectionate remembrance and grateful Acknow-
ledgments of a dutiful and happy People.

We of this University in particular, who have been distinguished by the most
signal Marks of his esi)ecial Favor, who have been honoured by repeated Acts
of his Royal Munificence ; who have ever experienced the continued Support
and Encouragement of His most gracious Countenance and Protection can
never be so unmindful of our duty and obligations as not to retain the most
lively Impressions and on all occasions testify the warmest sense of Gratitude
towards our Royal Benefactor.

The pleasing hopes so justly raised in us by the consideration of your Ma-
jesty's Princely Virtues, early implanted, and successfully cultivated, of your
eminent and public Regard to our Holy religion ; and your well known
Affection for our Excellent Constitution in Church and State have by your
Majesty's most gracious and seasanable Declaration in Council,, been improved
into the strongest confidence that every thing dear and valuable to us, will be
preserved in its full Extent under your Majesty'^s Auspicious Government.

Engaged as we are, by every Principle of Duty, we will not fail to offer up
our most devout and fervent Prayers, that your Majesty's gracious Intentions
to promote the welfare of your Subjects and to support the dignity of your
crown may be ever attended with success;, that the dreadful Effects of the
present destructive though necessary War, may be succeeded by the lasting
Blessings of an honourable and happy Peace ; and that your Majesty's Throne
may be ever fixed on the most solid and Glorious foundation, on which it now
stands, the united Affections of a ft-ee and loyal People.

Permit us. Sir, with Humility to add our most earnest and faithful Assurances-
to yom- Majesty, that your University of Cambridge, ever firmly united in Prin-
ciples of Loyalty and Affection to your Royal and Illustrious Family will inva-
riably persevere in the most dutiful Attachment to your Royal Person and Govern-
ment : and that our zealous and unwearied Endeavours shall be ever employed

1760] GEORGE THE THIRD. ^

to impress deeply on the minds of the rising Generation entrusted to our Care
the most sincere and awful Reverence for our Holy Religion ; the most zealous
regard for that happy Government under which we live ; and the truest Senti-
ments of Allegiance, Fidelity, and Aifection, to your Sacred Majesty ; that so
under the settled Influence of these good Principles, and by the wisdom of your
Majesty's Counsels, the Blessings which we now enjoy may be perpetuated under
the Government of your Royal and August House.
Given under our Common Seal this 11th Day of November, 1760.

<' To which Address His Majesty was pleased to give this most
" gracious Answer : —

I thank you for this very Dutiful and Loyal Address : the Zeal and Affec-
tion you shew to my Person, Family, and Government, and the Assurances you
give me of educating the youth under your care, in a due Reverence to our
most Holy Religion, and in Principles of Zeal and Aifection to our happy
Establishment in Church and State, are most acceptable to me and cannot fail
of recommending you to my Favour and Protection.

" His Majesty was pleased to receive them very graciously : And
" they had all the Honour to kiss His Majesty's Hand."(i)

On the 13th of November, the University of Cambridge waited
upon her Royal Highness the Princess Dowager of Wales at Leices-
ter House ; and the Duke of Newcastle their Chancellor, made their
compliments of condolence and congratulation in the following
speech : —

May it please your Royal Highness.

We the Chancellor, Masters, and Scholars of the University of Cambridge
humbly beg leave to condole with your Royal Highness upon the death of our
late most gracious Sovereign, and to congratulate your Royal Highness upon
the happy Accession of the King your son to the Imperial Crown of these
Kingdoms.

Nothing could alleviate our deep Concern and repair our afflicting Loss
but that entire sense we have of His Majesty's Princely Virtues early cul-
tivated and brought to a happy Maturity, by the pious and maternal Care
of your Royal Highness.

Permit us to assure your Royal Highness that we v^dll not cease to offer up
our constant Prayers to Almighty God that he will shower dovm all Blessings,
Spiritual and Temporal, upon every branch of the Royal Family ; and that your
Royal Highness may long live to see and to partake of the prosperity, which
these Kingdoms cannot fail of enjoying under his Majesty's wise and gracious
Government.

" To which Her Royal Highness was pleased to return the foUow-

** ing Answer :—

I thank you for your very kind attention to me and I feel most sensibly the
Duty and Affection you express to the King my Son.

" Her Royal Highness received them very graciously ; and they had
" all the honour to kiss her Royal Highnesses hand."(2)

(1) London Gazette 11 to 15 Nov. 1760; Gentleman's Magazine, xxx. 513, 540.

(2) London Gazette llto 15 Nov. 1760.

308 GEORGE THE THIRD, [1761

The following address from the Corporation was presented to the
King by the Hon. Charles Sloane Cadogan and Soame Jenyns Esq.
representatives in parliament for the Town : —

To THE King's most Excellent Majesty,
The humble Address of the Mayor Bailiffs and Burgesses of the

Town of Cambridge,
Most Gracious Sovereign

Your ever Dutiful and loyal Subjects the Mayor Bailiffs and Burgesses of
the Town of Cambridge, beg leave to express their unfeigned sorrow and re-
gret for the loss of his late most Excellent Majesty whose unwearied endea-
vours to secure the welfare and Happiness of his Subjects and invariable at-
tachment to the laws and Constitution of his Kingdoms throughout a long and
glorious Reign justly demand the strongest and most affectionate acknowledg-
ments from every honest Briton. At the same time that a grateful sensibility
exacts this small though honourable tribute to his memory permit us Sir like-
mse to rejoice in the certain prospect which your Majesty's happy accession to
the Throne gives us of the continuance of those invaluable Blessings our Civil
and Religious Rights and Liberties which were restored and confirmed to these
Nations by their Great Deliverer King William and from him transmitted
through his faithful Successors unviolated into your Majesty's Hands for Pro-
tection. Confident of that and secure of every Public Blessing under it, Wo
most humbly assure your Majesty that our lives and fortunes will be ever cheer-
fully devoted to the Defence of your Sacred Person and the support of your
Government upon the stabiUty of which we found our surest hopes of future
happiness.

May your Majesty long live the dreaded foe and Scourge of Tyranny and
the beloved guardian of British Independency and may the grateful returns
of a people as affectionate as free, make your Majesty's Reign easy and glori-
ous to yourself and terrible to all yovir Enemies.

Given under our Common Seal, the Eighth Day of November One thousand
seven hundred and sixty.(i)

1761.

This year, the Duke of Newcastle Chancellor of the University again
presided at the Commencement,(2l

At Leicester House, on the 14th of September, " the following
" humble Address of the University of Cambridge, was presented to
" His Majesty by his Grace the Duke of Newcastle, their Chancel-
" lor, accompanied by the Reverend Dr, Sandby, Master of Magda-
" len College, Vice Chancellor, the Right Honourable the Earl of
" Hardwicke, High Steward, and the following Noblemen and
" Bishops of the said University, viz., the Earls of Exeter, Kin-
" noul, Gainsborough, Holdernesse, Halifax, Ashburnham, Lord Vis-
'• counts Weymouth, Palmerston, Royston, Lord Montfort, Lord

(1) London Gazette 15 to 18 Sept. 1760.

(2) Gentleman's Magazine, xxxi- 330.

1761] GEORGE THE THIRD. 3Q9

" Grantham, Lord John Cavendish, the Bishops of Rochester, Litch-
" field, Norwich, Chester, Peterborough, Bristol, Glocester, St. Asaph,
" St. David's, Landaffe, the Bishop of Clogher, Mr. Solicitor General,
" the Honourable Mr. Townshend, Member for the University, his
" Honour the Master of the Rolls, Sir Thomas Salisbury, Judge of
<• the Admiralty, Dr. Simpson, Dean of the Arches, together with
" many of the younger Sons of the Nobility, and Baronets, eleven
** Heads of Houses, Dr. Reeve, President of the College of Physi-
" cians, & a great number of Doctors in that Faculty, many Doc-
" tors in Divinity & Law, with upwards of an Hundred Masters of
" Arts and Bachelors of Civil Law, all in their proper Academical
<' Habits:—

To THE King's most Excellent Majesty.
The humble Address of the Chancellor, Masters, and Scholars, of the

University of Cambridge.
Most Gracious Sovereign!

"We your Majesty's most dutiful & loyal Subjects, the Chancellor, Masters &
Scholars, of your University of Cambridge, feel the warmest sentiments of joy
«&; affection, in offering our Congratulations to your Majesty, on this most
happy & auspicious Occasion. We cannot but ascribe it to a principle of the
most tender regard for your People, so conspicuous in every part of your Ma-
jesty's conduct, that your Majesty should turn your earliest thoughts to a
matter so highly interesting to the Happiness of your Kingdoms, & so necessary
to make that happiness permanent to posterity. Your choice of a Princess for
your Consort, endowed with such Virtues, and distinguished for such personal
accomplishments, as vnll add lustre to a Throne, while they alleviate the cares
of it, gives the surest prospect of Domestick happiness to your Majesty, and
of universal satisfaction to your loyal & affectionate People.

As Her Majesty's Illustrious line has shewn its invariable zeal for the Pro-
testant cause, we have the firmest hopes, under God, that this alHance will
perpetuate to us the most valuable blessings, which a race of British Kings,
immediately descended from your Majesty, can secure to Britons; the free
exercise of their holy religion, and the full enjoyment of their civil rights.

That wonderful series of Providential Events, which has appeared in the
happy progress of your Majesty's Arms, affects us with the greatest joy ; &
cannot fail to excite our devout acknowledgments unto him, who is the God
of Armies. As these successes render your Majesty's reign truly Glorious, &
your Kingdoms universally respectable ; so the particular impression they must
make on your enemies, by their feeling the weight of British Power, & seeing
the hand of Heaven in support of your cause, will dispose them, we hope,
to concur with your Majesty, in the desirable work of establishing a lasting
peace in every quarter of the world; and we, as particularly bound by ouc
Office, & Character, shall not cease to implore the great disposer of all events,
that he would graciously assist your Majesty's truly Christian disposition &
earnest endeavours for that purpose.

We gratefully acknowledge your Majesty's regard for, & protection of those
ancient seats of Learning, which your Royal Progenitors so amply endowed
& so generously encouraged; and we most humbly entreat your Majesty's

310 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1761

gracious acceptance of these our faithful Assurances of our affectionate & zealous
attachment to your Majesty's royal Person & Government; of our constant
attention to answer the good ends of our Institution, by instilling into the
minds of the youth, placed under our care, & inspection, such principles of
Religion and Loyalty, as may make them dutiful subjects to your Majesty, &
useful members of the Community: And our most earnest Petitions shall be
offered at the Throne of Grace, that God would grant your Majesty a long &
glorious Reign over us, as the sum of our wishes for the publick prosperity,
and the surest means of Happiness to your People.

" To which Address His Majesty was pleased to give this most
" Gracious Answer : —

The repeated Assurances of your zeal, & Affection, for my person & Go-
vernment, are extremely acceptable to me ; & can never be more so, than upon
the present occasion, which, I trust, will be as conducive to the happiness of
my People, as it is to my own.

You may always depend upon my protection, and favour.

" His Grace the Duke of Newcastle Chancellor of the University,
" accompanied by the Vice Chancellor, & the other Members of the
" University who before waited on his Majesty, were introduced to
<- the Queen by his Grace the Duke of Manchester Lord Chamber-
" lain, when his Grace the Duke of Newcastle made the Compliments
" of the University in the following speech : —
May it please your Majesty,

To accept from the University of Cambridge, ever zealous to express their
Duty to His Majesty's royal person & family, their most sincere Congratula-
tions on this joyful occasion ; which gives them the great satisfaction of see-
ing the Domestick happiness of their most gracious Sovereign improved by an
alliance with a Princess of such distinguished Virtues & Accomplishments, &
opens the fairest prospect to all his Majesty's Subjects, that the various bless-
ings which they enjoy under His auspicious reign will be continued, & secured
to their posterity.

Long may your Majesty possess the Affections of that People, whom your
presence has filled with such uncommon joy; & may Heaven vouchsafe so to
bless your Royal Nuptials, that from this happy union, a race of Princes may
arise, who, endowed with the same Hereditary Virtues, & educated in the
same generous principles, for the support of the Protestant Cause, may trans-
mit the renown of British Monarchs, & the liberties of the British Nation en-
tire, and uninterrupted, to remotest ages.

"The Queen's most Gracious Answer" was in these terms: —

I return you my thanks for this mark of your Duty to the King, & Affection
to me, and I feel most sensibly your kind congratulations.

" His Grace the Duke of Newcastle, Chancellor of the Univer-
" sity, accompanied by the Vice Chancellor and the other members
" of the University, who before waited on their Majesties, were
" introduced to her Royal Highness [the Princess Dowager of Wales]
" by the Right Honourable Lord Boston, Chamberlain to her Royal

1761] GEORGE THE THIRD. 311

"Highness; when his Grace the Duke of Newcastle made the com-
" pliments of the University in the following Speech : —

May it please your Royal Highness,

The University of Cambridge begs leave to approach your Royal Highness,
with their most sincere Congratulations upon the happy Nuptials of their most
gracious Sovereign, with a Princess so eminent for her personal Virtues and
Endowments ; and descended from an Illustrious House, always zealous for the
Protestant Religion.

May your Royal Highness long live to see a numerous progeny arise from
this happy Alliance ; who, emulating the Virtues of their Royal Parents, shall
also place their chief Glory in the protection of our Holy Religion ; the en-
couragement of useful Learning ; and the support of the just rights of a free
and Loyal people.

" Her Royal Highness the Princess Dowager's Answer " was as
follows : —

I thank you for this fresh Mark of your Attention to me : Nothing can give
me greater pleasure, than your Congratulations on this happy occasion.(l)

The following address from the Corporation to the King on his
marriage was presented to his Majesty by the Earl of Kinnoul Re-
corder and the Hon. Charles Sloane Cadogan, and Soame Jenyns
Esq. representatives in parliament for the Town : —

To THE King's most Excellent Majesty.
The humble Address of the Mayor, Bailiffs, and Burgesses of the

Town of Cambridge.
Most Gracious Sovereign,

We your Majesty's dutiful and loyal Subjects, the Mayor, Bailiffs, and Bur-'
gesses of your Ancient & Loyal Corporation of Cambridge, warmly affected
with every circumstance in which either the Honour & Dignity of your Cro^\^l,
or your Majesty's personal & domestick Happiness is concerned, beg leave
most humbly to offer our sincere & fervent congratulations upon the celebra-^
tion of your Royal Nuptials, with a Princess possessed of every amiable & vir-*
tuous Accomplishment that can entitle Her to your Majesty's affection, and to
the esteem & confidence of your faithful Subjects. This event is of the highest
importance to these Kingdoms, as it affords the most reasonable expectation
of our posterity's enjoying, under a race of Kings descended from your Ma-
jesty, those many invaluable blessings, the full possession of which constitutes
the present, and peculiar happiness of Britons.

It is with the greatest pleasure and satisfaction, Sir, that we take this joy-
ful Occasion of renemng our strongest assurances of unalterable attachment to
your Majesty's person & Government, & our most ardent wishes for the last-
ing glory & prosperity of your Reign.

Given under our Common Seal this Twenty first Day of September, one
thousand seven hundred and sixty one. (2)

In celebration of the King's marriage the University published a

collection of poems entitled " Gratulatio Acaderaiae Cantabrigiensis

(1) Loudon Gazette, 12 to 15 Sept. 1761 ; Gcntlemau's Magazine, xxxi. 408,427.

(2) London Gazette 22 to 26 Sept. 1761.

31^ GEORGE THE THIRD. [1762

auspicatissimas Georgii III. Magnae Britanniae Regis, et Serenissimse
Charlottae Principis de Mecklenburgh-Strelitz nuptias celebrantis.''(')
Amongst the contributors were George Sandby D.D. Vicechancellor,
Henry Earl of Gainsborough M.A. of King's College, Hon. John
Grey of Queens' College third son of the Earl of Stamford, John
Green D.D. Master of Corpus Christi College afterwards Bishop of
Lincoln, Kenrick Prescott D.D. Master of Catharine Hall, Edmund
Law D.D. Master of Peterhouse afterwards Bishop of Carlisle,
Lynford Caryl D.D. Master of Jesus College, Samuel Ogden D.D.
senior fellow of St. John's College, Robert Plumptre D.D. Presi-
dent of Queens' College, James Marriott LL.D. fellow of Trinity
Hall afterwards Judge of the Admiralty, William Bell M.A. fellow
of Magdalene College, Thomas Zouch B.A. scholar of Trinity Col-
lege, John Langhorne scholar of Clare Hall, and Joah Bates of
King's College.

1762.

A clause in the militia act of this year,(2) giving liberty to set up
trades, provided that such liberty should be subject to the like ex-
ception in respect to the two Universities as was contained in the
22 Geo. IL c. 44.(3)

Richard Walker D.D.(4) Vicemaster of Trinity College, by indentures
of lease and release dated respectively the 24th and 25th of August,
(after setting forth the advantages resulting from the study of botany,
and reciting that with a view to the reviving so useful as well as
curious a branch of knowledge, and as nothing could be more con-
ducive thereto than having a public Botanic Garden, with proper per-
.sons to take care of, govern, and conduct the same,(5) he had pur-
chased the freehold and leasehold messuages, lands, tenements, and
hereditaments hereinafter mentioned, and had appropriated a certain
part of the said lands for such garden, into which many plants had
been introduced, and a greenhouse had been begun to be erected
therein, and had also appropriated a freehold messuage adjoining
thereto for the purposes hereinafter mentioned, and for or towards

(1) "Excudebat Cantabrigiae Josephus Bentham Academise Typographus mense Octobri,

" M.DCC.LXI." To.

(2) Stat. 2 Geo. III. c. 20, s. 79.

(3) Vide ante p. 268.

(4) As to Dr. Walker, see Monk's Life of Bentley, ii. 26 & post; Pope's Dunciad, b. iv.
206, 273; Cvimberland's Memoirs, i. 96. Dr. Walker -^-as a munificent benefactor to his
College as well as the University. It is said that being once told of a brother florist's death
bj suicide in the spring, he exclaimed, "Is it possible? Now at the beginning of tulip
time."

(5) The design of a Botanic Garden had been entertained as far back as 1696, and the pro-
ject was renewed in 1724 and 1731. — Cambridge Portfolio, i. 81,

17G2] GEORGE THE THIRD. 313

the support .ind maintenance of the said garden, and of the persons
employed or to be employed therein, had agreed to grant, release, as-
sign, and convey all the said freehold and leasehold messuages, lands,
tenements, and hereditaments so by him purchased and hereinafter
mentioned, to the Chancellor, masters, and scholars of the University:)
granted, released and confirmed unto the Chancellor, masters, and
scholars of the University, all that freehold capital messuage or tene-
ment theretofore part or reputed part of the Saint Austin Friery,
situate, standing, and being in the parish of Saint Edward in the town
of Cambridge, in a street or lane there called Freeschool Lane, then
formerly in the tenure or occupation of Thomas Buck Esquire, and
then late of Mr. Richard Whish, his undertenants or assigns, together
with all yards, gardens, &c., thereto belonging or appertaining ; and
also a garden ground containing by estimation one acre and three roods
(more or less) situate in the parish of Saint Edw ard, and also six mes-
suages or tenements situate and being in Freeschool Lane in the parish
of Saint Edward, and all other his freehold messuages or tenements,
garden ground, and hereditaments in the town of Cambridge, unto and
to the use of the Chancellor, masters, and scholars of the University
and their successors for ever, in trust, to employ and make use of, or
permit to be employed and made use of, such parts of the premises as
had been so appropriated or should be thought necessary as a house
for the purpose thereinafter mentioned, and as a public Botanic Gar-
den, for the use and benefit of the University, under the direction and
government of such persons, and subject to such statutes, orders and
regulations as therein mentioned, and, as to the residue of the pre-
mises thereby granted and released, in trust, to let or sell the same,
or any parts or part thereof, for the best rent or price that could
be procured, and apply the money to arise therefrom for the uses of
the said garden, and particularly for obtaining from the Corporation
of Cambridge, the like grant of about an acre of ground which lay
within the said intended garden (which was then held by lease from
the said Corporation, and thereinafter assigned to the said Chancellor,
masters, and scholars upon like trusts and for the like purposes as
thereinbefore are mentioned) as the said Corporation had then lately
granted of the Shire House in the Market Place of the town of
Cambridge aforesaid. (i) For the better conducting the said public
Botanic Garden, Dr. Walker appointed and constituted the Chancel-
lor, or, in his absence, the Viccchancellor of the University, the Mas-

(rr Vide auto, ]). 258 n. (3).
VOL. IV. K K

314 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1762

ter of Trinity College, the Provost of King's College, the Master of
Saint John's College, and the Professor of Physic, for the time
being, perpetual governors and visitors of the public Botanic Gar-
den, to regulate, conduct, and govern the same; and (after reciting
that the design of the said garden would necessarily require two
officers to be appointed, viz. a reader on botany, and a curator or
superintendent of the garden, and that the reader must be such pro-
ficient in botany and so qualified as to be capable to read lectures
on the same in Latin or English,) he constituted and appointed
Thomas Martin the first reader to the said public Botanic Garden,
and (stating that the curator must be a person well skilled in the
systems of botany, and one fit to be entrusted with the ma-
nagement of the said garden,) he constituted and appointed Mr.
Charles Miller, the first curator of the said garden ; the said offi-
cers to continue in the abovementioned offices during the pleasure
of himself and the governors and visitors, or the major part of
them, and in case of a vacancy in either of the said offices, by
death or otherwise, he reserved the power of appointing such new
qualified officer or officers in his or their stead to himself, with the
approbation of the governors and visitors, or the major part of
them ; and he granted, constituted, and ordained that the governors
and visitors, or the major part of them for the time being, should
have full power and authority, from time to time after his de-
cease, to elect and nominate such reader on botany and such curator
or superintendent of the said Botanic Garden, and to appoint the
persons so respectively elected to such offices by instrument or in-
struments under their hands and seals, or the hands and sea?s of the
major part of them ; and he reserved to himself, together with the
approbation of the governors and visitors, or the major part of
them, full power and authority during his lifetime, by any instrument
or instruments in writing tinder his and their hands and seals,
from time to time, to make such statutes, rules, and orders for
the better regulating, ordering, and governing of the Botanic Gar-
den, and the officers and servants employed or to be employed
therein, and the houses and buildings thereunto belonging, and also
for carrying on and perfonning the lectures on botany thereinbe-
fore appointed, and for conducting and managing all other matters
and things relating to the premises or any of them, as to him,
with such approbation, should seem meet, and in like manner to
repeal, alter, or change the same or any part thereof during his
life ; and he further granted and ordained that after his decease

1762] GEORGE THE THIRD. 3^5

it should and might be lawful to and for the governors and visi-
tors, or the major part of them, and they or the major part of
them should have full power and authority by any instrument or
instruments in writing under their hands and seals, from time to
time to amend, alter, or repeal any of the statutes, rules and or-
ders which should have been made by him in his lifetime, or any
part thereof, and from time to time, in like manner, to make such
new statutes, rules, and orders for any of the purposes aforesaid,
as to them should seem meet, and to repeal, alter, and change
the same from time to time as they or the major part of them
should judge most expedient; and (reciting that by an indenture of
lease of the 17th of January, 1758, the Mayor, bailiffs, and bur-
gesses of the town of Cambridge, demised to Richard Whish for
forty years from Michaelmas preceding, a house and ground lying
and being on the west side of Fair Yard Lane in Cambridge, at the
south end of the said lane, and also a close called the Tenter
Yard, as it was then walled in;(i) and reciting that Richard Whish
had by indenture dated 16th of July, 1760, assigned to him Dr.
Richard Walker the said house, ground, close, and other such lease-
hold premises, for the residue of the said term of forty years ; and
after reciting that part of the said leasehold premises was intended
to be taken into and be parfc of the said public Botanic Garden :)
Dr. Walker, for the promotion and encouragement of the study of
botany, and for making and establishing such public Botanic Gar-
den, did assign to the Chancellor, masters, and scholars all the
said house and ground, close, yard, and all other such leasehold
premises, in trust nevertheless for the purpose of making and
establishing a public Botanic Garden for the use of the Univer-
sity, and for the support thereof, in such manner as thereinbe-
fore was declared concerning the freehold messuages or tenements,
lands, and hereditaments thereinbefore gr?inted and released. (2)

A public subscription in aid of the Botanic Garden was entered
into. A list of the benefactions to this garden from 1762 to 1783 is
subjoined: —

£. s. d.
Richard Walker D.D, Vicemaster of Trinity College, for

House and Ground [besides a rent charge of £50. per annum

for ever] 1600 0 0

(1) The property comprised in this lease was panted by the Corporation to tlie University
for 999 years, subject to the rent of U. and an acquitancc oiAd. by indenture dated 28th of
March, 1783,

(2; Stat, (priv.) 1 Giil. IV, c. 5, s. 1.

31(5 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1762

Thomas Holies Duke of Newcastle Chancellor of the University, £. s. d.
Philip Earl of Hardwicke High Steward of the University, and
formerly Lord Chancellor of Great Britain Charles Viscount
Maynard, William Greaves Beaupre Bell Esq. Commissary
and Deputy High Steward of the University £100. each . 400 0 0

Dr. John Green Bishop of Lincoln and formerly Master of Corpus

Christi College £80., Charles Marquess of Granby £52. 10s. 132 10 0

Thomas Earl of Kinnoul Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
and Recorder of the Town of Cambridge, Hon, Edward
Finch, Hon. Thomas Townshend members of Parliament
for the University, "Walter Titloy Esq. Minister at the Court
of Denmark, Robert Smith D.D. Master of Trinity College,
Francis Hooper D.D, fellow of Trinity College, Edwin La-
scelles Esq, £50. each 350 0 0

William Heberden M.D. £42., Robert Taylor M.D. £42., John
Newcome D.D, Dean of Rochester and Master of St. John's
College £40., John Ord Esq. Master in Chancery £30.,
Henry Hubbard B.D. fellow of Emmanuel College £28. 8s.,
Sir James Burrough Knt. Master of Caius College £25.,
Dr Roger Pettiward Chancellor of the Diocese of Chiches-
ter £25., Frederick Montagu Esq, of Trinity College £25.,
Thomas Lord Montfort High Steward of the Town of Cam-
bridge £21., Robert Glynn Cloberry M D. fellow of King's
College £21., Thomas Hayes of Chester M.D £20., Thomas
Watson M.D, £20., John Fothergill M.D, £20,, Stephen
Whisson B.D. fellow of Trinity College £20 379 8 0

Rev, Edward Betham M.A, fellow of King's College [besides
£2000. £3. per cent, reduced Bank Annuities] £17. 17*.,
William Samuel Powell D.D. Master of St. John's College
£15. 15s., Dr. Henry Vane Prebendary of Durham £\0s. 10s.,
Charlton AVollaston M.D. £10. 10s., John Allen B.D. fellow
of Trinity College £10. 10s., Charles Collignon M.D, Pro-
fessor of Anatomy £6, 6s , , , , 71 8 0

William Elliston D.D. Master of Sidney College, — Main-
waring of Chester M.D., John Martin Professor of Botany,
Thomas Martyn B.D, Professor of Botany, Mr, Goodwin,
Mr, Sharpe £5. 5s. each 31 10 0

Sundry smaller benefactions by members of the University and

inhabitants of the Town 55 13 0

Colleges.— Trinity £100., King's £50., Saint John's £31, 10s.,
Clare Hall £30., Trinity Hall £30., Corpus Christi £25. 5s.,
Sidney £21., Caius £20., Pembroke £5. 5s 313 0 0

£3333 9

At St, James's, on the 3rd of September, " the following Address
" of the University of Cambridge was presented to His Majesty by
*•' his Grace the Duke of Newcastle, Chancellor of the University ;
" accompanied by the Reverend Dr. Plumptre, Master of Queen's
"College, Vice-Chancellor; his Grace the Duke of Grafton; the
" Marquiss of Tavistock ; the Earl of Halifax, first Lord Commis-

17G2] GEORGE THE THIRD. 317

" sioner of the Admiralty ; Lord Mountfort ; the Honourable Mr.
" Townshend, Secretary at War ; the Honourable Mr. Yorke, his Ma-
"jesty's Attorney General; the Right Reverend the Bishop of St.
" David's ; the Honourable Mr. Finch, and Mr. Townshend, members
" of the University ; the Honourable Mr. Fitzwilliam ; the Honour-
'* able & Reverend Dr. Boscawen ; Sir Edward Wilmot; Sir Edward
" Simpson, Dean of the Arches ; with several other persons of dis-
" tinction ; about thirty Doctors in the several Faculties ; & upwards
" of ninety Masters of Arts, & Batchelors of Law & Physick : —

To THE King's most excellent Majesty,
The humble Address of the Chancellor, Masters, and Scholars of the

University of Cambridge.
Most Gracious Sovereign !

We your Majesty's most dutiful and Loyal Subjects, the Chancellor, Mas
ters & Scholars of the University of Cambridge, humbly beg leave to present
to your Majesty our sincerest congratulations on the safe delivery of the Queen,
& birth of His Royal Highness the Prince, and on the prosperous state of Her
Majesty's health since this happy event.

The preservation and security of their Civil Liberties & the full possession
of that most valuable of all blessings the Protestant Religion ; which your
people have enjoyed since the Accession of your Majesty's family to the Throne
of these Kingdoms, have so endeared it to them, that they could not but be
anxious for the continuance of the succession in your Royal Descendants ; &
therefore this important event must fill their hearts with the greatest and most
unfeigned joy. We in particular, who have been so signally protected by your
Majesty's predecessors of your illustrious House, & have received such repeated
marks of their favour and munificence, as we are bound by all the ties of duty
& gratitude earnestly to pray for the continuance of your Royal line, so we
feel a peculiar satisfaction in this prospect of it, which the Divine Providence
hath vouchsafed to these Nations.

We have the most firm and just confidence, that Princes, educated under
the inspection & example of your Majesty, & your Royal Consort, will inherit,
together Avith your Cro^^Ti, all the Virtues necessary to its support & lustre,
& to the making a people happy. On our part, we will endeavour so to form
the youth committed to our care, that they may become faithful and loyal sub-
jects, useful members of Society, examples and Patrons of Learning & good
Morals. Thus we trust that this Nation shall continue, as it is under your
Majesty's auspicious Government, flourishing & glorious ; that when it shall
have pleased God to call you late to himself, your successors shall reign, like
you, in the hearts & affections of a free & happy people : and that thus answer-
ing the expectations of your Majesty, and the Publick, and the noble design
of our Institution, we shall continue to enjoy the countenance & favour of your
Majesty and your Royal Posterity.

" To which Address His Majesty was pleased to return the fol-
" lowing most gracious Answer : —

I thank you for this Dutiful and Loyal Address,

Your affectionate Congratulations upon an event which adds to my private
happiness, as well as to the permanent welfare of my People, and the pros-
perity of my Kingdoms, give mc the truest satisfaction.

318 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1762

The University of Cambridge may always depend upon the continuance of
my protection and favor.

" They were all received very graciously ; had the Honour to kiss
" His Majesty's Hand; and were admitted to see the Prince."(i)

The following address from the Corporation was presented to the
King by the Hon. Charles Sloane Cadogan and Soame Jenyns Esq.
representatives in parliament for the town : —

To THE King's most Excellent Majesty.
The humble Address of the Mayor, Aldermen, Common Council, &

the rest of the Burgesses of the To>\ti of Cambridge.
Most gracious Sovereign.
We your Majesty's most dutiful & loyal Subjects, the Mayor, Aldermen,
Common Council & Burgesses of your ancient & loyal Corporation of Cam-
bridge, humbly beg leave to congratulate your Majesty on the safe delivery,
& since continued health of the Queen, & the happy birth of a Prince.

As every blessing showered down by Divine Providence on your Majesty's
Royal Person & family, cannot but create in us the sincerest joy, so the pre-
sent happy event, so conducive to the domestick felicity of your Majesty and
your Royal Consort, & so important to the welfare & prosperity of these Na-
tions, must in a particular manner affect us with the highest satisfaction, &
most unfeigned pleasure.

To our Congratulations, thus humbly offered to your Majesty, we beg leave
to add our earnest supplications to the Almighty, for the health of his Royal
Highness the Prince, & that he may live to inherit all your Majesty's Virtues,
& to transmit that happiness to our posterity, which we at present enjoy under
the auspicious Government of the most excellent & most amiable of Kings.

Given under our Common Seal this Thirtieth Day of August, One thousand
seven hundred & sixty-two. (2)

The subjoined account of Sturbridge fair at this period was drawn
up sixty-five years afterwards from the personal recollections of the
writer : —

Like all other fairs, your ears inform you before your eyes, that you are on
the way to it. After passing Barnwell, the numerous booths and long ranges
of standings burst on the sight, and the clamor of trumpets, deep sound-
ing drums, screaming of toy-trumpets, and din of a thousand discordant voices
assailed the ear and confused the thoughts. The first booths on the north side
of the road, were occupied by the customary shows of wild beasts and wild men,
conjurors, tumblers, and rope-dancers. Mrs. Baker's company of " comedians"
was respectable; and Lewey Owen, the clown, a young man of good family,
who had abandoned himself to this way of life, full of eccentric Avit and gri-
mace, continually excited broad grins. The late Mrs. Inchbald was a performer
at this fair. There was a large theatrical booth, occupied by a respectable com-
pany of comedians from Nor-wich, under the management of Mr. Bailey, formerly
a merchant of London. He was a portly good looking man, of gentlemanly
manners and address, the compiler of the Directory bearing his name, a work
of much merit, containing, besides the names of residents in the several towns,

(1) London Gazette, 31 Aug. to i Sep. 17G2.

(2) London Gazette, 4 to 7 Sep. 1762.

1762] • GEORGE THE THIRD. 3^9

concise yet correct topographical description of the places : the book is now
become very scarce. Other show booths, occupied by giants and dwarfs,
savage beasts, and other savftges, extended with stunning din along this noisy
line. In front of these were the fruit and gingerbread stalls ; and, walnuts
being in full perfection, the venders continually strolled up and down the fair,
bawling every moment in your ear — " Twenty a penny walnuts ! Walnuts,
twenty a penny ! Crack'um awoy — crack'um awoy here!" On the south side of
the road opposite to these booths was the cheese fair. Dealers from various
parts took their stands there, and many tons weight were disposed of; such
as were fit for the London market were bought by the factors from thence, and
cheese from Cheshire, "Wilts, and Gloster, by the gentry, the farmers, and
dealers from Suffolk, Norfolk, and adjoining counties: large quantities of Cot-
tenham and cream cheeses, being brought by farmers from those counties for
sale. Opposite to the east end of the cheese fair, on the north side of the road,
stands a small ancient chapel, or oratory, no doubt erected for the devout dealers
and others resorting to the fair, and for such pious travellers as passed or re-
passed the ferry to Chesterton. At and nigh to this spot were the wool-fair,
and the hop-fair. Large stores of stack-cloths, waggon-tilts, and such like were
near the skin leather- sellers' and glovers' row, where the finer articles of leather
and leather gloves were sold. Little edifices of general conveniences were nu-
merous. At the end of the show-booths, and facing this row, began the prin-
cipal range of booths, called Garlick-row, extending quite down to the little inn,
Avhere a Pied-poudre court was held during the fair. This range of shops was
well constructed. Each booth consisted of two rooms, the back room, separated
from the shop by a boarded partition, served for a bed-chamber and other do-
mestic purposes, from which a back door opened to the field. The range of
booths [nearest the Newmarket Road] was generally appropriated to furni-
ture-sellers, ironmongers, silversmiths, jewellers, japanners, and fine cutlery
dealers; the [next] range to silk mercers, dealers in muslin, toys, and milli-
nery ; [the next range] to dealers in Norwich and Yorkshire manufactures,
mercery, lace, hose, fine made shoes, boots, clogs, and pattens ; [the next
range] to furs, fans, toys, and to dealers in the various articles of fashionable
wares from London; [the next range] was occupied by oilmen and dealers
in paints, pickles, and preserves, one of whom, Mr. Green from Lime-
house, kept a most important store here: his returns were from £1500. to
£2000. during the fair ; and my father, who kept the fair forty years and up-
wards, usually brought home £1000,, or more, for goods sold and paid for,
besides selling to half that amount on credit to reputable dealers and far-
mers. At the end of the row, close to the little inn, stood the dealers in
glass-ware, locking-glasses, and small articles of mahogany furniture. Then
the inn itself, the sign of which was, I believe, the King's Arms, was the
common resort of the horse dealers. In this house sat the Pied-poudre
court, with power to arbitrate disputes in dealing, quell riots, fine and other-
Avise punish summarily, persons guilty of petty offences, having a pair of
stocks and a whipping post in front, and a strong room underneath. Close
adjoining northward was the oyster fair. The oysters brought from Lynn
were very large, about the size of a horse's hoof, and were opened with
pincers ; the more delicate, from Colchester and Whitstable, were very small.
In the meadow adjoining were the coal fair, pottery fair, and Staffordshire
ware dealers. The greater part of these articles were delivered from on
board vessels, which drew up close to the bank of the river. Returning
and opposite to the oyster fair was a close, where the liorse fair was kept.

32Q GEORGE THE THIRD. [1762

The shew of beautiful animals in that place was perhaps xmrlvalled, unless in
Yorkshire. The finest racers and hunters from Yorkshire, the most bony and
muscular draught horses from Suffolk, and from every other coxmtry famous for
breeding horses, animated this scene. This horse fair drew together a great
concourse of gentry, farmers, and dealers from all parts of the neighbouring
counties, and scores of valuable animals changed masters in the short space of
a few hours. The horse fair was held on the first Friday after Stirbitch fair
was proclaimed. Higher up and about fifty yards from the road was the iron-
mongcrs'-row with booths occupied by manufactures from Sheffield, Birming-
ham, "Wolverhampton, and other parts ; and dealers in agricultural tools,
nails, hatchets, saws, and such like implements. About twenty yards nearer
the road were woollen drapers ; and further on, and opposite to Garlick-row
westward, were booths for slop-sellers, and dealers in haubergs or waggoners-
frocks, jackets, half-boots, and such like habiliments for robust ploughmen
and farm laborers. Then followed the hatters'-row close to which was a very
respectable coffee-house and tavern, fitted up with neat tables covered with
green baize, having glazed sash windows and a boarded floor ; kept by the
proprietor of Dockrell's coffee-house, in Cambridge, famed for excellent
milk punch. There were likewise a number of suttling booths, Avhere plain
and substantial dinners were served up in a neat comfortable style, well
cooked, and moderately charged, except on the horse fair and Michaelmas
days, when an extra sixpence generally was tackt to the tail of the goose.
The Robin Hood at the back of Garlick-row, near the basket fair, stood
pre-eminent. There, after the business of the day was over, and most com-
monly on the evening of the horse fair day, novices, who had come to keep
the fair, were initiated, or " christened." The formula is as follows :— The
fresh man was introduced to the elder members in the "parlor" of the
Robin Hood, and two sponsors having been previously chosen for him, he
was placed in an armed-chair, his head uncovered and his shoes off. Two
vergers, holding staves and lighted candles, assisted the officiator, who was
vested in a Cantabs gown and cap, with a bell in one hand and a book in
the other. He commenced the ceremony by asking, " Is this an Infidel ?"
R. "Yes." Q. "What does he require?" R. "Instruction (or to be instruct-
ed.)" Q. "Where are the sponsors ?— let them stand forward!" A bowl of
punch, or a bottle of wine, was placed on the table handy for the officiator,
who then chaunted the following doggrel : — •

1. Over thy head I ring this bell,
Because thou art an infidel,
And I know thee by thy smell —

Chorus — With a hoccius proxius mandamus,
Let no vengeance light on him,
And so call upon him.

2. This child was born in the merry month of May,

Clap a pound of butter to his cheek, and it will soon melt away.
And if he longs for a sop, let him have it I pray —
C'/iones— From his hoccius, &c.

3. This child's shoes are made of rvraning leather,

He'll run from father and mother the deuce knows whither.
And here he may run the length of his tether —
Chnn/s — To a hoccius, &c.

1762] GEORGE THE THIRD. g^l

4. This child now to Stirbitch fail- is come,

Ho may wish to kiss a pretty wench ere he returns home,
But let him be advis'd and not to Barnwell roam —
Chorus — For a hoccius, &c.
At this part the officiator, with all due gravity, turned ro\ind, and inquired—
Q. "Who names this child?" R. "We do." The sponsors then called him
" Nimbleheels," — " Stupid Stephen,"—" Tommy Simper," or other ludicrous
nick-names. The officiator then drank, and gave the novice a full bumper.

5. " Nimble-heels" henceforward shall be his name,
Which to confess let him not feel shame,
Whether 'fore master, miss, or dame —

Chorus— With a hoccius, &c.

6. This child first having paid his dues,
Is welcome then to put on his shoes,

And sing a song, or tell a merry tale, as he may choose —
Chorus — About a hoccius, &c.
A verse, which memory can afford to forget, intervenes before the next.
8. Then hand the can unto our jolly friar.
And laugh and sing as we sit round the fire,
And when our wine is out let all to bed retire —
Chorus —Vlith. a hoccius proxius mandamus,
Let no vengeance light on him,
And so call upon him.
If more than one novice offered to the ceremony, they were initiated together,
and the words which required it were changed from singular to plural. Supper
was then brought in and placed on a long table, formed of rough deal boards,
covered Avith green baize. The provisions consisted generally of good substan-
tial fair-keeping fare ; such as roast goose, fowls, pork, vegetables, fruit pies,
and bread, which altogether were charged at the moderate price of one shilling
a head. Malt liquor, punch, and wine, might be had ad libitum. Smokers
ranged themselves round the fire, and the night closed like other convivial
assemblies, but always in good humor, and without dispute.

Good stout watchmen went their rounds about the fair every half-hour, giving
notice of their approach by bawling out lustily — "Look about you there!" but
they seldom detected, or disturbed, any nefarious operations.

I will take up little more room than to observe, that the proclamation of the
fair was conducted in a splendid style, and with becoming dignity, by the mayor
of Cambridge, habited in a scarlet robe, attended by his mace-bearers, aldermen,
and other members of the corporation, all habited according to their degrees,
with a few members of the church. The cavalcade having arrived at the top
of Garlick-row, near the old chapel, the recorder there read the proclamation.
They then proceeded to the court-house, or little inn, where it was again read ;
and then the mayor alighted with his principal officers, and entered the inn,
where he opened the court of piedpoudre. Afterwards returning to the centre
of the fair, near the coffee-house, proclamation was then made, and sometimes
the mayor alighted and took refreshment. More usually the civic party re-
turned to Cambridge, where a good corporation dinner closed the corporate la-
bors of the day.

The principal London dealers, who attended the fair, at the time I refer to,
which is more than sixty years ago, were as follows: —
Mr. Roake, ironmonger, from Wood Street.

VOL. IV. s s

g22 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1762

Mr, Smith, silversmith, from Cornhill.

Messrs. Cox and Heme, silk mercers, from Holbom. Mr. Cox was also pro-
prietor of the glass-house, at the iron-foundry. Their stock of silks at the fair
was never less than £2000.

Mr. Smith, silk-mercer, from Fleet Street.

Mr. Hewitt, toyman, from Smithfield.

Mr. Haynes, Norvich warehouse, from Holborn : his stock very large ; he has
sold on the first day of the fair 100 pieces of Hessens before breakfast.

Mr. Lacy, hosier, from Clements' Inn passage, with a stock of £1500.

Mr. Timewell, milliner, from Tavistock Street.

Mr. Lany, laceman, from the same place.

Mr. Bolt, laceman, from Sidney's Alley. The stock of goods of these two
were of the richest kinds, as well as inferior.

Mr. Murray, shoe-maker, from Bishopsgate.

Mr. Adams, clog and patten-maker, from Shoreditch.

Mr. Wilson, fine toys, from Charing Cross.

Mr. Green, oils and pickles, from Limehouse. His store was wonderful for
STich a place.

All the above dealers were in Garlick Row, and few of them took less money
during the fair than from £1000. to £1500., some of them more.

Mr. Monnery, leather seller and glover, from High Street, Southwark, had
a large trade in gloves and leather, and was a man highly respected.

Mr. Ward, whip-maker, from the Borough, had a very considerable stock.

Many other traders of great respectability kept this fair, especially dealers in
iron, wool, slops, cheese and pottery,

I omitted to notice that the Shoemaker-row was at the end of Garlick-row, and
consisted of about ten or twelve booths ; — that the basket fair, Tunbridge-ware
fair, and broom fair, were behind Garlick-row, near the top. In the basket fair
were to be had all kinds of hampers, baskets, and basket-work ; hay-racks,
scythe-hafts, pitch-fork, and spade-handles ; and other implements of husbandry,
waggon loads of which were piled up : a Mr. Fowler of Sheffbrd, in Bedford-
shire, bought a considerable stock of such materials. At the Tunbridge-ware
fair, were corn and malt shovels, churns, cheese presses, and a variety of such
goods.

If any materials, or goods, were not taken away within forty-eight hours after
the fair had ended, the farmer of the fair-field had a lien on them, and a sharp
look out was usually kept for such waifs and strays by his men.

The importance of Stirbitch fair may be estimated by the great extent of
ground it occupied. The circuit of the fair, beginning at the first show booth
round by the cheese fair, the wool fair, and hop fair ; then onwards to Iron-
monger's-row, to the horse fair; northward on to the pottery fair, along the
margin of the Cam, by the coal fair ; then southward to the outside of the
Inn, and preceding in a direct line by the basket fair to the point whence
you started, made full three miles.(l)

On the 29tli of September, William Mott gentlemaii,(2) one of the

(1) Hone's Year Book, 1538—1518. This article is there illustrated by a rough plan of the
Fair and a view of the Booths.

(2) Alderman INIott was an eminent solicitor. He was present at the first of the sermons
preached under the above-mentioned deeds, by .John Sharp B.D. fellow of Corpus Christi
College who selected for liis text, Matt. xxi"i. o5— 40, " Then one of them which was a
Lawyer asked him a question tempting him, and saying. Master which is the great com-
mandment in the law ? Jesus said unto him, Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all

1762] GEORGE THE THIRD.

Aldermen of the Town, by indenture, granted to the Mayor, bailiffs,
and burgesses an annuity of £6. chargeable on a messuage and
certain lands in Great and Little Eversden,(i) for a sermon to
be preacln J annually before the Mayor, Aldermen, and Common
Council, in Trinity church, in the afternoon of the last Sunday in the
month of May, after a distribution to the poor of the town. On the
30th of September, he granted to John Sharp B.D. fellow of Corpus
Christi College, and seven others and their heirs, an annuity of £5.
issuing out of the same lands, for a sermon in Trinity Church in the
afternoon of the last Sunday in July yearly, and for a distribution
amongst the poor of that parish not receiving collection ; and on the
1st of October, he granted to Soame Jenyns Esq. and others another
annuity of £5. out of the same lands, for an annual sermon and dis-
tribution to the poor in the parish of Bottisham of which he was a
native.(2)

There was a great flood here on the 27th of October, occasioned
by the heavy rains which fell on the two preceding days. It is said
to have been the greatest flood since 1696.(3)

On Saturday, the 30th of October, appeared the first number of
" The Cambridge Chronicle," a weekly newspaper, published at the
price of two pence halfpenny.!*) With this was soon afterwards (5)
incorporated the Cambridge Journal.(6) " The Cambridge Chronicle
and Journal" has been continued weekly to the present time and has
an extensive circulation.

On the 25th of November, a fox which had been put up near
Cherryhinton by the hounds of Christopher Anstey Esq. of Trump-
ington, being hard drove took into Emmanuel College, went through
the cloisters, round the fishpond, and afterwards leaped over the
college w^all and made his escape.C^)

In celebration of the birth of the Prince of Wales, the University
published a book of verses, entitled " Gratulatio Academies Canta-
*' brigiensis natales auspicatissimos Georgii Walliee Principis augus-
" tissimi Georgii III. Magnae Britannia^ Regis et serenissimse Char-

thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind. This is the first and great com-
mandment. And the second is like unto it, Thou shalt love thy neig-hbour as thyself.
On these two commandments hang all the Law and the Prophets."

(1) This estate is now the property of the Eight Hon. the Earl of Hardwicke.

(2) Chaiity Reports, xxxi. 22, 73, 143.

(3) Cambridge Chronicle, 30 Oct. 1762.

(4) " Printed by T. Fletcher & F. Hodson, at the New Printing-Office on the Market-
" Hill ; who execute all Manner of Business on the Letter or Rolling-Press eleg-antly and
" expeditiously."

(5) 3rd of January, 1767.

(6) Vide ante, p. 249.

(7) Cambridge Chronicle 27 Nov. 1762.

GEORGE THE THIRD. [1763

" lottse Reginse filii celebrautis."(i) Amongst the contributors were
Dr. Peter Stephen Goddard Vicechancellor, Hon. Richard Fitzwilliam
of Trinity Hall afterwards Viscount Fitzwilliam founder of the
Fitzwilliam Museum, Hon. John Grey of Queens' College, Hon. John
Darner of Trinity College, Samuel Ogden D.D. senior fellow of St.
John's College, Robert Plumptre President of Queens' College, Brown-
lowe Cust fellow-commoner of Corpus Christi College afterwards
Lord Brownlow, Thomas Zouch B.A. fellow of Trinity College,
William Hayley of Trinity Hall, John Law Tancred's student of
Christ's College afterwards Bishop of Elphin, and John Hey M.A.
fellow of Sidney College. Copies of this book were presented to
the King and Queen by Dr. Goddard Vicechancellor on the 20th of
December.(2)

1763.

The act passed this year, enabling discharged mariners, soldiers
and marines to set up trades, (3) contains the like exceptions as to
the Universities as the act 22 Geo. II. c. 44.(4)

On the 24th of March, the royal assent was given to an act for
repairing, widening, turning and keeping in repair the road from Cam-
bridge to Ely and from thence to Soham, and for building a bridge
across the Ouze at or near Stretham Ferry .(5) Amongst the trustees
appointed by this act were the Heads of all the Colleges and Halls
in the University of Cambridge then and for the time being, and the
Mayor, aldermen, recorder, and deputy recorder of the town of Cam-
bridge then and for the time being. Besides loans, upwards of £1000.
was contributed in free gifts for the improvement of this road.
Amongst the donors were John Marquess of Granby M.P. for the
county £210., Philip Earl of Hardwicke High Steward of the Uni-
versity £200., George Riste Esq. one of the aldermen of this town
(by will) £200., Dr. Matthias Mawson Bishop of Ely £100., Philip
Viscount Royston M.P. and Lord Lieutenant of the county £100.,
Hugh Thomas D.D. Dean of Ely, Barnard Garnett D.D. Prebendary
of Ely, and Mr. John Howard of Norwich £21. each, Thomas Wat-
kins M.A. Minor Canon of Ely, Charles AUix Esq., and James Bent-
ham M.A. Minor Canon of Ely £20. each.(6)

(1) " Cantabrigite, Typis Academicis excudebat Josephus Bentham, m.dcc.lxii." fo.

(2) Gentleman's Magazine, xxxii, 59y.

(3) Stat. 3 Geo. III. c. 8.

(4) Vide ante, p. 268.

(5) Stat. 3 Geo. III. c 36.

(6) Cambridge Chronicle 24 Dec. 17G2, 3 Sent. 1763; Bentham, Hist. & Antiq. of Ely
Cathedral, 214 n.

1763] GEORGE THE THIRD. ^^.

An act relating to the price and assize of bread which received the
royal assent on the 24th of March, contains the subjoined proviso : —

Provided likewise, and it is hereby enacted. That this Act, or any Thing
herein contained, shall not extend, or be construed to extend to prejudice the
antient Right or Custom of the two Universities of Oxford or Cambridge, or
either of them, or of their or either of their Clerks of the Market, or the Prac-
tice within the several Jurisdictions of the said Universities, or either of them,
used to ascertain and appoint the Weight of all Sorts of Bread to be sold
or exposed for Sale within their several Jurisdictions ; but that they and every
of them shall and may severally and respectively from Time to Time, as
there shall be Occasion, ascertain and appoint within their several and re-
spective Jurisdictions, the Weight of all Sorts of Bread to be sold or exposed
to Sale by any Baker or other Person whatsoever within the Limits of their
several Jurisdictions ; and shall and may punish the Breach thereof as fully
and freely in all Respects as they used to do, and as if this Act had never
been made ; any Thing herein contained to the contrary thereof in any wise
notwithstanding.! 1 )

On the 4th of April, the peace of Fontainbleau was proclaimed in
this town by the Mayor, aldermen, and common council who went
in procession in their formalities on horseback, accompanied by some
of the principal inhabitants of the town.(2)

At St. James's on the 14th of April, "the following Address of
" the Chancellor, Masters & Scholars of the University of Cam-
" bridge, was presented to his Majesty (in the absence of the Chan-
" cellor(3)) by the Reverend Dr. Goddard, Master of Clare Hall &

(1) Stat. 3 Geo, III. c. 11, s. 25.

(2) Cambridge Chronicle, 9 April, 1763.

(3) The Chancellor of the University declined to present the address, as appears by his
letter to the Vicechancellor which is subjoined : —

"Claremont, April 6, 1763,
" Rev. Sir,

" I Received here yesterday the favour of your letter of the 4th, transmitting to me
" the address, which the university have thought proper to make to his majesty, on
" occasion of the peace.

" I am extremely sorry, that any thing should prevent my attending the university with
" their address to the king. Nobody can be more ready, and desirous, to shew his duty,
" and loyalty, to his majesty, upon all occasions, than myself ; or, as far as in me lies,
" to promote and encoui'age, in the university, those principles of steadiness and affec-
" tion to the protestant succession, happily established in his majesty, and his royal
" family, which now, for many years, I have had the pleasure to see so uniformly pur-
" sued, and so warmly exerted there.

" I apprehend, from several expressions in the address, which I own I cannot approve,
" and which I should have objected to, if I had been previously consulted, that my
" attendance, upon this occasion, Avill not be consistent with tlie part, which I, and
" other lords, thought ourselves obliged to take, when the consideration of the prclimi-
" naries was before the parliament. I therefore hope, that it will not be thought want of
" duty to the king, or of respect to the university (in neither of which will I ever be
" guilty of the least failure) if I desire you. Sir, (as has been very frequently done in
*' our late chancellor's time) to acquaint the secretary of state, that the university had
" agreed upon an address to his majesty; and that you desire to know from his lordship,
" when you, and the university, may attend his majesty with it. This, I believe, has
" been the method most freijuently followed by the university of Oxford, and in several
" instances, as I mentioned before in the duke of Somerset's time,

" If you write to the secretary of state, as soon as you receive this, you may have
" his lordship's ansAver, time enough for you to come to town on the Monday, if his
" majesty should think proper to appoint (as you suppose) Wednesday, this day se'nnight,
" for receiving the university.

" I am, &c.

" HoLLEs Newcastle."
—Annual Register for 1763, p. 202.]

GEORGE THE THIRD. [1763

" Vice-Chancellor, introduced by his Grace the Duke of Marlborough,
" Lord Chamberlain; & attended by the following Noblemen & Gen-
" tlemen Members of the University, viz. The Duke of Chandos ;
*' the Earls of Halifax & Morton ; the Bishops of London, Salisbury,
" Rochester, Chester, Peterborough, St. David's, Landaff, & Lincoln ;
" Lord Ward, Lord Orwell, Honourable Mr. Grey, Honourable Ed-
" ward Finch, Honourable George Townshend, Honourable Charles
" Townshend, Honourable Mr. Damar; Sir James Lowther, Sir Ro-
" bert Hildyard, Sir John Griffin; with several members of the House
" of Commons; a great number of Doctors in all Faculties; & Masters
" of Arts, in their proper Habits ; amounting in the whole to near
" two hundred : —

To THE King's most Excellent Majesty.
The humble Address of the Chancellor, Masters & Scholars of the

University of Cambridge.
May it please your Majesty,
We your Majesty's most dutiful & loyal Subjects, the Chancellor, Masters &
Scholars of your University of Cambridge, beg leave to approach your Majesty's
Throne, & to express the warmest sentiments of our Duty & Gratitude to your
Majesty for your tender regard to the true happiness of your people, in con-
cluding an expensive, though successful war, by a safe & honorable peace. An
event which, we trust, will be attended with the greatest blessings & advan-
tages to us, & our latest posterity.

We have had frequent occasions, in the continuance of the late just & neces-
sary war, to admire the fortitude & greatness of mind, with which your Ma-
jesty pursued every measure that could contribute to the Glory, or the security
of your kingdoms. Permit us to declare our most affectionate sense of that
Goodness of heart, which has disposed your Majesty, even in the midst of your
Triumphs, to put a happy period to the manifold calamities of war, & to com-
plete your Amiable Character, the friend of mankind, and the father of your
people.

It is with a peculiar satisfaction that your University of Cambridge embraces
every opportunity of presenting themselves before your Majesty, the heir & de-
scendant of Princes, who stand enrolled with our most munificent patrons &
benefactors. And we shall always gratefully acknowledge, that our invariable
Attachment to your Majesty's illustrious House has been distinguished by many
eminent & repeated marks of Royal favour. We shall humbly hope that our
perseverance in the same good Principles & practices will always recommend
us to the same gracious favour & protection.

It shall be our particular attention, as it is our most bounden duty, to instil
into those, who are committed to our care, the highest regard of our holy re-
ligion, every sentiment of Loyalty & Affection to their King, & every principle
of Obedience to the Laws and Constitution of their country.

May your Majesty, who are formed to be the delight & happiness of any
people, be for ever possessed of the hearts of all your subjects ! May that^
purity of manners, that undissembled Piety, of which your Majesty is so illus-.
trious an example, effectually promote & recommend the cause of Virtue &
true Religion. May it check the progress of all open Vice 8i profaneness :

1763] GEORGE THE THIRD. 3^7

And may that God, whom you so faithfully serve, long, very long, preserve
your Majesty the most beloved Sovereign of an united, a dutifull and an affec-
tionate people !

" To which Address his Majesty was pleased to return the follow-
" ing most gracious Answer : —

The just sentiments which you express, in this Dutiful Address, of the peace
which the Providence of God has enabled me to conclude, give me particular
satisfaction. By continuing to educate the youth committed to you, in the
principles of Loyalty, Virtue & Piety, you will perform a most acceptable
service to me : And as it is my earnest desire to contribute to the advance-
ment of true religion, & useful Learning, the University of Cambridge can-
not doubt of my constant favour & protection.

" They were all most graciously received ; and had the Honour of
" kissing His Majesty's hand."(i)

On Wednesday, the 4th of May, nine colours taken at Manilla
by Brigadier General Draper,(2) were carried in procession to King's
College Chapel by the scholars of the college, accompanied by the
fellows, the organ playing and the choir preceding them singing Te
Deum. The colours were erected on each side of the altar rails
when the Rev. William Barford M.A. Public Orator of the Univer-
sity, and one of the fellows of the college, made a Latin oration, after
which followed the Evening Service and a Thanksgiving Anthem.(3)

The 6th of May, was observed as a thanksgiving for the peace.
Trinity College illuminated the observatory over the King's Gate and
the Conduit in the great court. The evening concluded with the
ringing of bells and other demonstrations of joy. (3)

In celebration of the peace of Fontainbleau the University pub-
lished a collection of poems in Latin, Greek, Hebrew, Arabic and
English entitled " Gratulatio Academiae Cantabrigiensis in pacem
" augustissimi Principis Georgii IIL Magnse Britanniae Regis au-
" spiciis Europa3 feliciter restitutam Anno m.dcc.lxiii."(4) Amongst
the contributors were Dr. Peter Stephen Goddard Vicechancellor,
Hon. Richard Fitzwilliam of Trinity Hall afterwards Viscount Fitz-
"william founder of the Fitzwilliam Museum, Hon. John Grey of
Queens' College, Hon. John Damer of Trinity College, John Sum-
ner D.D. Provost of King's College, Robert Plumptre D.D. Pre-
sident of Queens' College, Brownlowe Cust fellow commoner of

(1) London Gazette, 12 to 16 April, 1763.

(2) Brigadier General William Draper afterwards K.B. and so well known for his contro-
versy with Junius, was admitted a Scholar of King's College, 1740, BA. 1744, M.A. 1749.
He visited the College on tlie 10th of October this year. (Camb. Chron. 15 Oct. 1763.)

(3) Cambridge Chronicle, 7 May, 1763.

(4) " Cantabrigia?, Typis Academicis excudebat Josephus Bentbam. m.dcc.lxiii." fo.

328 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1763

Corpus Christi College afterwards Lord Brownlowe, Samuel Halli-
fax M.A. fellow of Trinity Hall afterwards Bishop of St. Asaph,
Thomas Zouch B.A. fellow of Trinity Colleg;e, Joah Bates fellow
of King's College, John Law Tancred's student of Christ's College
afterwards Bishop of Elphin, William Bennet of Emmanuel College
afterwards Bishop of Cloyne, and James Scott M.A. fellow of Trinity
College. A copy of this book, magnificently bound in crimson velvet,
was on the 1st of June, presented to the King by Dr. Goddard the
Vicechancellor.(i)
The subjoined curious advertisements appeared this year : —

To THE Public.

For the Entertainment of such Gentlemen as are desirous of mixing in-
nocent Amusement with useful Knowledge, and promoting Improvement in
all Arts and Sciences, a Coffee-Room is opened next to Emmanuel College,
in a pleasant Garden, where different Languages (French in particular) will
be one of the principal Studies, and made easy and familiar by Conversation.
Occasional Dissertations and Harangues will be made on the different Follies
and Extravagancies of Mankind, where every Gentleman so inclined will have
an opportunity of descanting on each and every Subject which his Talents
or Genius leads him to, under such proper Regulations as shall hereafter
be agreed to, all tending to reform the Manners and cure the Follies of
each, which will be exposed in general, without describing individual Per-
sons. Apish Pride, foppish Vanity in Youth, artful Craft, cunning Hypocrisy
in the worldly money-getting Man, ostentatious over-bearing Pride, Vain-
glory, Impotency, Lust, and Avarice in Old-Age, will in their Turns be pro-
perly exposed and dissected. The m.any ill effects of Rage, Lust, Pride and
Revenge, will be most properly demonstrated, with occasional Anecdotes, and
a Series of Observations from the ablest Connoisseurs : therefore the haughty,
morose, revengeful, proud Man, with the sneaking, foppish, squeaking Frib-
ble, or the cruel, surly, office-bearing Tyrant's Company is not desired, \in-
less duly prepared to see their Foibles exposed in a Mirror, in order to
prune, lop and divest them of their most odious and obnoxious Incvimbrances,
which will not be sawed, but taken off by a new-devised Amputation. None
but the free, generous, debonnaire and gay, are desired to attend.

The principal Furniture of the Cofiee-Room will consist of Prints, Draw-
ings, and emblematical Devices which encourage Innocency and Virtue by
exposing Vice and the Folly of Intemperance, with the ill effects of Lust,
Pride, Ambition, and that worst of Demons, cruel Revenge, or ignorantly
going to Law without Reason or Evidence. In order to prevent Intemper-
ance, no Spirituous Liquors will be admitted unless meliorated and duly au-
thorized according to Law, but harmless Tea, Lacedemonian Broth, and in-
vigorating Chocolate, comforting Cakes with cooling Tarts and Jellies, &c.

Whereas many People are too frequently aggrieved and oppressed by the
Contrivancies of ill-designing People, and drawn into Scrapes, and Difficul-
ties, and so misled and harrassed with Law-Suits, and Hardships ; others
for want of Friends, are often deprived of their Property ; all such by ap-

(l) Cambridge (.'hronicle, 4 June, 1763.

1763] GEORGE THE THIRD. §^9

plying as above, will, in some Degree, meet with Relief gratis. Attendance
will be given each Day from the Hours of Ten to Twelve at Noon,
By their most humble Servant,
John Delaport,

"With proper Assista,nts.
Cambridge, 1763.

%* The best of Tea, with Rolls and Butter, at Sixpence per Head.
A Library of Books is now in the CofFee-Room which will be increased ; and
for the Entertainment of such Gentlemen who are musically inclined, Instru-
ments will shortly be provided. (1)

To THE Public.

The Proprietor of Emanuel CofFee-House having been at a considerable Ex-
pence to make his Garden pleasant and agreeable to such Ladies and Gentle-
men who please to honour him with their Company, and finding by Experience,
that several Persons (to his Prejudice) do frequently make it a Promenade
and Thoroughfare, to prevent which for the future, no Person will be admitted
into the Garden who doth not take a Ticket at the Gate, which will that
Day be taken as Cash for either Coffee, Tea, Chocolate, Jellys, Sillabubs,
Tarts, Cakes, &c., or any of the Produce of the Garden; a Person will at-
tend to gather the Fruit, Pease or Beans, for such as choose to take a Dinner
or Supper, "Wine, Punch, or Ale shall be sent for to such Tavern or House
as the Company shall direct. Each Monday Evening that the Weather will
admit, there will be Vocal and Instrumental Music. Any "Under Graduate
desirous of learning the French Tongue very expeditiously, shall be taught it
for a Trifle, by applying as above, as Reputation only is meant for the
Teacher's Trouble: such as honour him to become his Scholars, will not be
amus'd with Rhodomontade, or learn any bad Accent. Any person fond of
Fishing, may divert themselves with catching the Fish, and have them drest
in the best Manner.

Any Peruke-maker for Ready Money, may be supplied at the Hair "Ware-
house in St. Andrew's, cheaper than at the cheapest House in London, with
every Article they use.(8)

The following address from the Corporation on the peace of Fon-
tainbleau was sealed on the 4th of June, and was soon afterwards
presented to the King by Soame Jenyns Esq. one of the representa-
tives in Parliament for the town: —

To THE King's most Excellent Majesty.
The humble Address of the Mayor, Bailiffs, & Burgesses of the
Town of Cambridge.
May it please your Majesty to accept the congratulations of your dutiful &
loyal Subjects, the Mayor, Bailiffs, & Burgesses of the To-wn of Cambridge,
upon the success of your Majesty's endeavours to restore the publick Tran-
quility of a great part of Europe.

The advantages of the peace which your Majesty has made, will we hope,
be fully manifested by its long continuance. Your faithful Subjects may then
indulge the expectation of being relieved from many of those heavy burthens,

(1) Cambridge Chronicle, 1 June, 1763.

(2) Ibid., 2 July, 1763.

VOL. IV, T T

330 GEORGE THE THIRD. [176a

which they chearfully submitted to for the support of a war, entered into
by your Royal Grandfather, whose memory will be ever dear to us, upon prin-
ciples of true policy, & attended mth the most glorious & unexampled successes
in every quarter of the world.

May your Majesty's reign be greatly prolonged for the good and happiness
of your people; and may our latest posterity look up to your Royal De-
scendants, with the confidence that we do to your Majesty, for the full en-
joyment of those invaluable Civil & Religious liberties, the best birthrights
of Englishmen, which have always derived protection & support from the
Kings of your Majesty's illustrious House.

Given under our Common Seal, the fourth day of June, in the year of our
Lord one thousand seven hundred & sixty-three.(l)

An address on tlie peace from the Lord Lieutenant, Justices of
the Peace, Gentry, Clergy, and Freeholders of the county was agreed
to on the 11th of June, and was soon afterwards presented to the
King by Viscount Royston Lord Lieutenant and one of the mem-
bers of Parliament for the county .(2)

In a Cambridge Guide published this year, under the title of
*' Cantabrigia Depicta," the Market Cross is described as " being
" an handsome square stone pillar of the lonick Order ; on the
" top of which is an Orb and cross gilt."(3> This work contains
the following particulars respecting the trade of the Town: —

Nor is it better supplied with water, than it is Avith other Necessaries of Life.
The purest "Wine they receive by the way of Lynn : Flesh, Fish, "Wild-fowl,
Poultry, Butter, Cheese, and all Manner of Provisions, from the adjacent
Country : Firing is cheap ; Coals from Seven-pence to Nine-pence a Bushel ;
Turf, or rather Peat, four Shillings a Thousand ; Sedge, with which the Bakers
heat their Ovens, four Shillings per hundred Sheaves : These, together with
Osiers, Reeds, and Rushes used in several Trades, are daily imported by the
River Grant. Great Quantities of Oil, made of Flax-Seed, Cole-seed, Hemp
and other Seeds, ground or pressed by the numerous Mills in the Isle of Ely,
are brought up this River also ; and the Cakes, after the Oil is pressed out,
afford the Farmer an excellent Manure to improve his Grounds. By the River
also they receive 1500 or 2000 Firkins of Butter every Week, from Norfolk
and the Isle of Ely, which is sent by "Waggons to London: Besides which,
great Quantities are made in the neighbouring Villages, for the Use of the
University and Town, and brought fresh to Market every Day, except Mon-
day. Every Pound of this Butter is rolled, and drawn out to a Yard in Length,
about the Bigness of a "Walking-Cane ; which is mentioned as peculiar to this
Place. The Fields near Cambridge furnish the Town with the best Saffron in
Europe, which sells usually from 24 to 30 shillings a Pound.(4)

The account of Sturbridge fair, though brief, suflSciently evidences

(1) London Gazette, 7 to 11 June, 1763.

(2) Cambridge Chronicle, 25 June, 1765

(3) Cantabrigia Depicta, r- 10'

(4) Ibid., p. 15.

1763} GEORGE THE THIRD. ^^l

that that famous mart had by this period much declined from its
former importance : —

This Fair was formerly by much the most considerable in England. Its
chief staple Commodities arc Wool, Hops, Leather, Cheese, and Iron : Woollen-
Drapers and Mercers, and many other Trades did formerly resort here from
London, and formed different Streets of Shops ; but the Number of these are
now greatly decreased: but still the Trade for the above staple Commodities
is very considerable. No Coaches come from London to ply at this Fair, as
formerly, the Town furnishing great Numbers themselves, which are perpetu-
ally hurrying from Cambridge to the Fair, and back again, while it lasts.
This Fair is laid out (since the Alteration of the Stile) on the 4th of Sep-
tember by the Mayor and Aldermen of the Corporation, when the People begin
to build their Booths ; and on the 18th of September, annually, it is proclaimed,
with great Solemnity, by the Vice-Chancellor, Doctors, and Proctors of the
University, and by the Mayor and Aldermen of the Town, each Body in their
Scarlet Robes : Then the Fair begins, and continues a Fortnight; during which
Time it formerly was crowded with People, that came from distant as well as
neighbouring Counties, and the Town of Cambridge, and the neighbouring Vil-
lages, were so full of People, that they could scarce find Room for them,
or their Horses ; but the Numbers are now much less. The Entertainment
People meet with here, is chiefly Oysters, Herrings, and Stubble-Geese.
There used to be Plays acted every Evening, and Music Booths, during the
Fair ; but the University not approving of these Diversions, they are now dis-
continued.(l)

"An Exact List of the Posts, Coaches, Stage- Waggons, and other
Carriers," is subjoined for the sake of the contrast it affords to the
varied means of frequent and rapid communication from hence to
all parts of the Kingdom now existing or projected :^

Post to London,

Sets out on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, at five o'clock in the Even-
ing through Royston ; and returns on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays at
Noon through the same Place.

It sets out on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Sundays at Six o'Clock in the Evening
thro' Walden ; and returns on Sundays, Wednesdays, and Fridays through the
same place.

The Post goes out every Day, except Saturday ; and comes in every Day, ex-
cept Monday.

North-Post, by Caxton,

Sets out every Night at Ten, except Sunday; and returns every Forenoon,
except Sunday

Norfolk Post,

Sets out every Afternoon as soon as the London Mail arrives; and returns
every Day.

The Fly for Four Passengers at 125. each.

Which goes to London every Day by Chesterford, Hockerill, and Epping,
sets out at 7 o'Clock from the Rose in the Market-Place, and gets to the
Queen's-head, Gray's-Inn-Lane, at 5 o'Clock the same Evening ; from whence
another Fly sets out every Morning for Cambridge.

(1) Cantabriffia Depicta, p, 18

gg^ GEORGE THE THIRD. [1763

Stage-Coach for Six Persons at 10s. each,
Sets out from the Red-Lion in the Petty Cury at Seven in the Morning on
Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, from Christmas to Midsummer, to the
Bull in Bishopsgate-Street ; and returns from thence to the Red-Lion in Cam-
bridge at the same hour in the Morning on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Satur-
days. The other half Year it sets out from the Blue-Boar in Cambridge, and
inns at the abovementioned Stage in London; and returns from thence to
the Blue-Boar Inn aforesaid.

Stage-Coach for Four Passengers at 10s. each.
Sets out from the Red-Lion in the Petty-Cury at Seven in the Morning
on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays, from Midsummer to Christmas, to
the Green-Dragon in Bishopsgate-Street; from whence it returns the same
Hour on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays. The other half year it sets
out from the Blue-Boar in Cambridge, inns at the Green-Dragon aforesaid;
and returns to the Blue-Boar.

Stage Waggons.
Gillam's Waggons set out from London from the Pease-Market-Hill, every
Monday, Tuesday, and Thursday ; and return every Wednesday, Thursday, Fri-
day, and Saturday, from the Cambridge- Warehouse next Great St. Helen's in
Bishopsgate-Street,

Messrs. Burleigh and Drage's Waggons set out from Bridge-street on Mon-
days and Tuesdays, inn at the Black-Bull in Bishopsgate-street ; and return
from thence on Wednesdays, Thursdays, and Fridays.

Salmon's Waggons set out from the Foot of the Great Bridge on Mondays
and Tuesdays, inn at the Green-Dragon in Bishopsgate-street ; and return from
thence on Wednesdays, Thursdays, and Fridays.
Norwich Stage-Coach,
Inns at the Red Lion in the Petty-Cury every Thursday Noon ; and returns
at Eight the next Morning by the Way of Bury.
Bury Stage-Coach,
Inns at the Wrestlers in the Petty-Cury every Tuesday in the Afternoon;
and returns at Eight the next Morning for Bury.
Horse-Carriers to London.
Mr. Gillam has a Man sets out on Monday at Three o'Clock in the After-
noon for the Black-Bull in Bishopsgate-street; who returns from thence on
the Thursday following.

Freeman, (another Horse-Carrier) sets out every Wednesday at Three o'Clock
for the Green-Dragon in Bishopsgate-street ; and returns from thence on Friday.
Huntingdon-Carrier,
Comes with a Cart every Tuesday and Friday to the Red-Lion in the Petty
Cury; and returns the same Afternoon.

Stamford-Carrier,
Inns at the Wrestlers in the Petty-Cury every Tuesday; and returns the
next Day to Stamford by Way of Huntingdon.
Ipswich-Carrier,
Comes with an Horse to the Cross-Keys opposite Bcne't Church ; and re-
turns early on Sunday Morning through Ne^vmarket and Bury.
Yarmouth Carrier,
Comes to the Crown in Bridge-Street with a Chaise every Friday ; and re-
turns the next Morning at Nine o'clock by Newmarket, Bury, &c. &c.
St. Ives Carrier,
Comes with a Cart to the Red-Lion in the Petty-Cury every Saturday; and
returns the same Day.

1763] GEORGE THE THIRD. §3^

Havcrill and Colchester-Carrier,
Comes every Friday with a Cart to the Castle in St. Andrew's Parish; and
returns on Saturday Morning.

Kettering-Carricr,
Comes with a Horse to the Black-Bear in Shoemaker-Row every Tuesday
and returns on Wednesday by St. Neots.

Leicester-Carrier,
Comes with a Waggon every Thursday Morning to the Red-Lion in thd
Petty-Cury; and returns the same Day.

Birmingham and Coventry- Waggons,
Inn at the Pickcrell, at the foot of the Great Bridge once a Fortnight.
John Scott from Ely, comes every Tuesday Morning at Six o'Clock, sets up
at the Black Swan near the Great Bridge ; and returns to Ely the same Day
at Eleven o'Clock.

A Man from Linton comes every Saturday to the Brazen-George in St. An-
drew's Parish with a Cart.

A Cart comes every Saturday to the Half-Moon opposite Pembroke-Hall,
from Royston.

A Newsman sets out from Thurlbourn's and Woodycr's every Saturday
Morning for Chesterford, Walden, Newport, Quendon, and Hockerill ; and re-
turns by Hadham, Ware, Widford, &c. &c.

Lynn Passage-Boats,
Go down from hence every Tuesday Morning and return on Sunday.

Groom's Boats from Ely,
Come in every Tuesday and Friday Afternoon to the White-Bull in Bridge*
street, and return on Wednesday and Saturday,

Smith's Boats from Ely,
Come from and return to Ely on the same Day as above.

Wisbech Boats,
Come in every Sunday, and return on the Monday following.

Downham Boats,
Go out from the Great-Bridge every Saturday at Noon ; and return every
Tuesday.

The Publishers of both the Cambridge Papers, have Newsmen who go into
all the adjacent Counties, and take in Parcels at the Printing-Offices.(l)

On the 29th of December, the following grace of the Senate was
passed : —

Whereas several persons have lately re-entered their names in divers colleges
and will thereby be entitled to vote in the senate to the disadvantage of those
members of the university whose names have continued in college from the
time of taking their degrees

May it please you that no bachelor of divinity or master of arts hereafter
admitted be allowed to vote without having produced before the vice-chan-
cellor a sponsor to be approved of by him in the presence of the register
of the university that he will perform his exercises in saint Mary's church
and the publick schools and that no person whatsoever shall have a right
to vote in the senate till a full year be compleated from the time of his
producing such sponsor before the vice-chancellor where a sponsor is required
and from the time of his re-entering his name where it is not and that

(1) Caiitabvig-ia Drpicta, 111—117-

334 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1764

this your grace may have the validity of a law and be written in the proctor's
books.(l)

1764.

On the death of the Earl of Hardwicke, a warm contest (2) for the
office of High Steward of the University took place between his son
Philip Earl of Hardwicke,(3) and John Earl of Sandwich.(4) The
election took place on the 30th of March. The grace for the Earl of
Hardwicke passed the Caput, and was carried in the Non Regent
House, the votes being placets, 103; non-placets, 101. In the Regent
House the votes were equal, viz. placets, 108 ; non-placets, 108. The
Proctors (who were in different interests) at first disagreed as to the
numbers in the Regent House, in consequence of each omitting to
mark the other's vote; but when, on rectifying the error, it was
found the suffrages were equal, the Senior Proctor insisted on a
second scrutiny, which the Junior refused ; and the Vicechancellor
dissolved the Congregation without the Proctors making any report.
A rule for a mandamus on behalf of the Earl of Hardwicke was
afterwards obtained, and came on to be argued before the Court of
King's Bench, on the 25th of April, 1765. His Counsel objected to
the vote of Thomas Pitt, of Clare Hall, who had voted in the Re-
gent House against the grace, contending that he, having been a

(1) Stat. Acad. Cantab, p. 433.

(2) This contest occasioned several publications both serious and satirical. The most
remarkable were " An Address to the Members of the Senate of the University of
" Cambridge, on the Attention due to Worth of Character from a Eelig-ious Society :
" With a view to the ensuing- Election of a High Steward, &c. &c. by a Master of Arts'."
(8vo. ir64), by John Gorden fellow of Emmanuel College afterwards fellow of Peterhouse
D.D. and Archdeacon of Lincoln. " The Candidate : or, the Cambridge Courtship," by Gray,
(Gray's Works, ed. Mitford, i. 163) ; and " The Candidate," by Churchill, (Churchill's
Works, ed. 1/67, iii. 3.)

(3) Philip Yorke second Earl of Hardwicke the eldest son of the Lord Chancellor,
was born December 20, 1720, and admitted of Corpus Christi College in 1737. He
represented the County of Cambridge from 1747, till his succession to the peerage. He
was created LL.D. at the Duke of Newcastle's Installation in 1749. In 1757, being then
Viscount Royston, he Avas constituted Lord Lieutenant of Cambridgeshire, which office
he held till his death. He Avas also one of the Tellers of the Exchequer, and a Trustee
of the British INIuseum. His lordship was honourably distinguished by his classical and
historical learning. He contributed to the Athenian Letters, and edited Sir Dudley Carle-
ton's Public Correspondence, and two volumes of State Papers. Ke married in May, 1741,
Jemima in her own right Marchioness de Grey and Baroness Lucas of Crudwell, and died
at his house in St. James's Square, London, 16 May, 1790. The letter from the Univer-
sity to the Earl of Hardwicke on his election as High Steward and his reply are given
in the Cambridge Chronicle, 27 July, 1765.

(4^ John Montagu fourth Earl of Sandwich succeeded his grandfather in the peerage
in 1729. In April, 1745, he Avas constituted a Lord of the Admiralty, and so continued
till June, 175], filling the first place in that commission from February 10, 1748-9. In
April, 1763, he resumed the office of First Lord of the Admiralty and continued therein
till September that year. In January, 1771, he accepted that office for the third time,
and held it till March, 1782. He Avas" one of the Secretaries of State from September,
1763, till 1765. and again from December, 1770, to January, 1771. In 1770, he Avas made
Postmaster General. He Avas Minister Plenipotentiary to the States General during the
conference at Breda, and assisted in settling the preliminaries of peace, Avhich Avere
ratified at Aix-la-Chapelle, in October, 1748. In February, 1763. he Avas sent as Ambas-
sador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiaiy to the Catholic King. His private character Avas
far from respectable. He died in 1792.

1764] GEORGE THE THIRD. 335

Master of Arts above five years, ought to have voted amongst the
Non Regents; and that, as the Earl of Ilardwicke had (when Mr.
Pitt's vote was taken away) a majority in his favour, he ought to
be admitted. The Counsel on the opposite side, however, contended
that Mr. Pitt (who was admitted to his degree by royal mandate,)
had not been a Master of Arts complete for five years, consequently
that his vote ought to be allowed in the Regent House; and they
further objected to five votes in favour of the grace, viz. those of
two Esquire Bedels, and of three gentlemen who voted in the Regent
House upon resumed graces; and contended that the statutes of Eli-
zabeth being silent as to any particular mode of electing the High
Steward, he ought to be chosen in like manner as the Vicechancellor,
under the clause in those statutes which directs all officers to be so
elected unless some other mode be specifically mentioned. There
were other points raised, unnecessary to be here particularised. The
Court decided — 1st, That Mr. Pitt had been a Master of Arts com-
plete five years, and was therefore a Non Regent, and had no right
to vote in the Regent House ; 2ndly, That as the usage appeared
to be for the Esquire Bedels to vote in the Regent House, and there
seemed nothing unfair in the resumed graces, the five votes objected
to by the Earl of Hardwicke's opponents could not be disallowed ;
and 3dly, That the mode of election was right, since it had been
according to that invariably used ever since the year 1524, and
it was evident that the statutes of Elizabeth had not intended to
alter the prevailing mode of electing the High Steward. It was
added that the University as a pre-existing Corporation was at liberty
to accept part only of those statutes, and was not compelled to ac-
cept them in toto.(i) A mandamus was therefore issued to the
Seal-keepers to put the University seal to the Earl of Hardwicke's
appointment.(-)

On Sunday the 29th of April, his Serene Highness George Augus-
tus Prince of Mecklenburgh Strelitz brother to the Queen visited
the University and was created LL.D.(3)

The following advertisement appeared this year : —

Cambridge, June 28, 1764.

Whereas many Gentlemen of the University and others have much desired
they might be at Liberty, when travelling in the Fly, either to Dine, or not,

(1) It will be seen that it was not necessary to decide so much in the particular case.
The general doctrine thus laid down as to the partial acceptance of corporate charters
has been since solemnly overruled in the case of Rex. v. Westwood, (4 Barn. & Cress-
well, 781 ; 2 Dow & Clark, 21.)

(2) Sir James Burrow's Kcports, iii. 1647; Sir W. Blackstonc's Reports, i. 517; Gray's
Works, ed. Mitford, i. 163, iv. 29, 48, v. 33.

(3) Cambridge Chronicle, 5 May, 1764; MS. Matthew, 94.

SSQ GEORGE THE THIRD. [1765

upon the Road : We the Proprietors of the said Fly, for the more speedy Con-
veyance of Passengers, do not stop on the Road to dine, (except desired) by
which means near an Hour will be saved in the Journey ; and nothing shall
be wanting to render the said Machines in all other respects as compleat, safe,
and expeditious as any in the Kingdom,

By S. FoRLOW & Co.(l)
On the 17th of October, there was a poll for the rectory of Oving-
ton. The candidates Avere John Jebb, M.A. fellow of Peterhouse,
who had 91 votes and Henry Turner M.A. fellow of St. John's Col-
lege, who had 73 votes. (2)

1765.

On the 19th of January there was a contested election for the
Margaret Professorship of Divinity vacant by the death of Dr. New-
come Dean of Rochester and Master of St. John's College. The
candidates were Zachary Brooke D.D. sometime fellow of St. John's
College and Edmund Law(3) D.D. Master of Peterhouse. The votes
were Dr. Brooke 49, Dr. Law 37.C^)

At the Lent Assizes, was tried before Mr. Justice Bathurst and
a special Jury, an action brought by Zachary Mart silversmith and
Anne his wife, against Dr. Elliston late Vicechancellor of the Uni-
versity and others, for the false imprisonment of Mrs. Mart, who
before her marriage was apprehended by the Proctors and sent to
the Spinning House by Dr. Elliston. After a trial of nearly six hours,
a verdict was returned for the plaintiifs with £20. damages.(5) A
rule nisi for a new trial was obtained,(6) but it seems it was dis-
charged.

C^ the 28th of May, died aged 84, Jacob Butler Esq. the oldest
Barrister-at- Law in England, proprietor of the Barnwell estate where
he was born.(7) Having erected in Barnwell church three tablets

(1) Cambridge Chronicle, 30 June, 1764. In the Cambridge Chronicle, 4 August, 1764,
is an advertisement from the proprietors of the Fly, stating that the removal of the Fly
from the Queen's Head, Gray's-Inn-Lane, to the Swan with two Necks, in Lad Lane,
not being agreeable to many of their friends in the University, they had recalled the same
to the Queen's Head. It appears that the Fly went daily, Sundays excepted, at 7 A.M.
and arrived at 4 P-M. In this advertisement it is stated that the alteration as to dining
seemed " very agreeable." S. Forlow, at the Rose Tavern, takes the credit of being " the
first Undertaker of conveying Gentlemen in this expeditious manner to and from London."
In the Cambridge Chronicle, 11 August, 1764, is an advertisement of a Fly to Ely, with
six horses daily, Sundays excepted, at 8 o'clock a.m., arriving at Ely at 11 a.m., and re-
turning from Ely at 3 p.m., and arriving in Cambridge at 6 p.m. Fares ; insides, 4s., out-
sides, 2s.

(2) Cambridge Chronicle, 20 Oct. 1764.

(3) Afterwards Bishop of Carlisle.

(4) MS. Cole, xxi. 32 b. where is a copy of the poll.

(5) Annual Register for 1765, p. 80; Mai-riott, Rights and Privileges of the Universi-
ties, &c., 12, 13.

(6) Cambridge Chronicle, 6 May, 1765.

(7) He was eldest son of John Butler LL.D. rector of Wallington in Hertfordshire, by
Susannah daughter of Jacob Bodendick of St. Martin's Ic Grand, Loudon, goldsmith.

176oJ GEORGE THE THIRD. 337

commemorative of liis ancestors and relatives, and lie in 1757 added
three others on which is the following curious autobiographical in-
scription, the dates of his and his wife's deaths and burials being
supplied subsequently as occasion arose : —

Jacob Butler, Esq., Barrister at Law, A.M. of this University,! 1) died the
28th day of May, 1765; and buried here the 31st day of May, aged 84; also
Rose his "VVife,(2) the 5th day of May, 1778 ; and buried here the 13th day of
May, aged 87 : botli in a grave, made by himself before his death, on the South
side of this chancel, near the other monument. They lived and died as friends.
His unvariable steadiness in the cause of Liberty would have intitled him to
rewards in any age or country Avhere Virtue was not a crime, and Corruption
the safest path to Honour. As his sentiments relating to the public were
founded in principle, so was his conduct in private life; wherein it would be
hard to decide whether his conjugal affection, his firmness in friendship, or be-
nevolence in charity truly Christian, shone the brightest ; for he was conspicu-
ous in all.

In the year 1754, To stem the venality and corruption of the times, he offered
himself candidate to represent this county in parliament, unsupported by the
influence of the great, the largess of the wealthy, or any interest, but that his
single character could establish, the esteem of all honest men and lovers of
their country. But when he found the struggles for Freedom faint and in-
effectual, and his spirits too weak to resist the efforts of its enemies, he
contented himself with the testimony of those few friends who dared to be free,
and of his own unbiassed conscience, which, upon this as well as every other
occasion, voted in his favour; and upon these accounts he was justly intitled
to the name of the Old Briton.

Now, Reader, Behold his hardships and ill usage in life.

In the year 1714, he succeeded his father in this estate, of the yearly value
of 3351. never let for more, yet taxed at 6351. occasioned thus : His father, in
the year 1705, endeavouring to get Sturbitch Fair rated to the poor, as w'ell
as then taxed, the Recorder of the Corporation, then Sir John Cotton, Daniel
Love, Francis Piercy, Aldermen, and Thomas Gale, Common council-man, all
Commissioners of the Land-tax, and owners of good estates in the said Fair,
then leading men and governors of the said Corporation, by the help of others,
took the tax from off their estates, and all others of the said Fair, that had
always paid in Barnwell parish, and laid it upon the estate of Dr. Butler his
father. No redress to be had by appealing; so continued for some years
after the said Jacob Butler entered thereon ; then got some redress, so as to
have his estate taxed at 4201. and so hath continued ever since, to his great
damage and oppression, under a large mortgage, seven brothers and sisters
portions to pay, four annuities of 2401. per annum, two great fires, one in
1717,('i) the other in 1731,(4) in Avhich he lost four thousand pounds ; on both
which, collections were had by letters of request ; no benefit to himself, by
authority of the then justices, who told him, that unless he would swear that
he was not worth 5001. he should have no part of that money ; which he refused,
so lost that share he ought to have had. The like attempt was made as to

(1) Of Christ's College, B.A. 1702, M.A. 1706.

(2) She n-as his iirst cousin being- daug-hter of the Rev. Mr. Clerk rector of Somcrby, Lin-
colnshire, by Jane daug-hter of Nevilo Alexander Butler, gent, attorney at law.

(3) Vide ante, p. 147.

(4) Vide ante, p. 209.

VOL. IV. U U

ogg GEORGE THE THIRD. [1765

the brief obtained by the justices, Joseph Kettle at their head, who was a
s.on of his grandfather's horse-keeper ; but in that he succeeded, and had to
his share the sum of 8001. So ent'red his life.

(l)To support himself under the hardships in the other table, he took into
occupation all his estate, though very unfit for such an undertaking, to enable
himself to bear the burthens aforesaid; succeeded so well as to make good
all his annual payments, and to guard against all the other demands.

In 1721, he married a good and industrious wife, ready to take her share
of the yoke then on his shoulders, by whose fortune and diligence lightened
and enabled him to go forward.

In 1724, when an act was procured for a turnpike from Cambridge to Lon-
don,(2) he was therein appointed a trustee. In 1731 parties running high, a
new one was obtained, grounded on great frauds and abuses committed by
the old trustees, at the expence of the turnpike money ;(3) to support which
charge, he was pitched upon to make good the said abuse ; for which end,
he was summoned to the county sessions ; arraigned in his go\vn, convicted,
fined 101. and for non-payment was committed. He excepted to their juris-
diction, and submitted his case to any Lawyer of their own choosing, which
was accepted; and Sir Phillip Yorke, then Attorney-General, was nominated
and accepted of; his case dra-\vn up, and laid before him; had his opinion
in favour of himself, with which he went to Ely to the then Under-sheriff,
Peacock by name, in order to save the estreating of his fine; he, being one
of their party, did refuse it, and told him, he did not know but he might
forge it ; then went with it to Newmarket, to one Goodale, then Deputy clerk
of the peace ; there meeting with the same fate, at last Avas obliged to tender
it to Joseph Kettle, Chairman at the next quarter sessions, one of his judges,
and told him, it was hard for him, at the expence of tAvo guineas, to teach
him and his brethren law; and so was discharged.

Ahab, King of Israel, Avanting Naboth's vineyard, off'ered him an equiva-
lent for it, but could not prevail. Mr. Sindrey, an Alderman of this toAATi,
wanting part of my property, thereon to erect a dog-kennel ; applied to his
brethren for a lease of a spot of ground,(4) on Avhich he did erect one,(5)
Avithout any application to me ; whereby I Avas obliged to bring my action,
and had a verdict, whereby it Avas pulled doAATi, to the satisfaction of many.
This not suiting his pride, Jezabel-like, he stoned me AA'ith three indictments,
and my servant vdth a Qui tam, for being in my OAvn manor with a brace of
greyhounds ; to all which I appeared, pleaded, and joined issue in order for
trial, but never tried; so he had his ends in stoning my pocket, but saving
my life ; this Avas a great expence to me. To support his right of sheep-walk
in all the Lammas Grounds on the South side of the Town of Cambridge,
from being plowed, digged, or inclosed, EdAvard Gillam, a farmer of this toAvn,
though apprized thereof, Avould ploAV up his OAvn land, and such others as he
could hire, to the amount of thirty acres, whereby all sheep were damaged in
their feed, much more in their Avinter layer : was obliged to bring his action
against him, AA'hich Avas tried ; a verdict obtained, and are now laid doAvn again,
Avhich I hope Avill be a Avarning to others from doing the like. This was done
for the benefit of this estate.

(1) Here begins the fifth of the Butler Monumental Tablets.
. (2) Vide ante, p. 186.

(3) Vide ante, p. 206.

(4) See Corporation Common Day Book, 24 August, 1733.

(5) Here begins the sixth and last of the Butler Monumental Tablets.

1765] GEORGE THE THIRD.

To regulate the great abuses on the commons of Cambridge, in 1752, he
pounded the horses and cows of several put thereon, and made them pay ; but
one Child, an inmate, replevied his ; to support whose action, a subscription
was set on foot, and thereon was collected fifty pounds. The action was tried ;
a verdict had against him, with costs. This, he thought, would have ended the
abuses, which still continue, though the Corporation are the regulators of them ;
and on the admission of every member into the body, he takes an oath not to
abuse, or see them abused ; so little regard is paid to an oath, which is the
only tye of property !

He feared his God ;

he honoured his king;

he despised his foes ;

and valued his friends. (1)

In stature he was six feet four inches high and his extraordi-
nary visage has been well delineated in an etching by the Rev.
Michael Tyson of Corpus Christi College. He was a most eccen-
tric character and usually invited the giants and dwarfs who came
for exhibition to Sturb ridge fair to dine with him. Being owner
of Sturbridge fair field he was most rigid in seeing the ground
cleared of the fair keepers in due time. On one occasion, when
certain wares were not removed by the prescribed day, he drove
his carriage amongst the crockery and destroyed a great quantity.
His coffin, which was made from a large oak by his express
order some months before his death, became an object of public
curiosity. To one of his legatees was delegated the singular trust
of driving him to the grave on the carriage of a waggon divested
of the body : seated in the front he was to drive his two favourite
horses Brag and Dragon to Barnwell church, and should they re-
fuse to receive his body there, he was to return and bury him
in the middle of the grass plot in his own garden. These most
absurd directions were only partially complied with.(2) To his
numerous relatives he left £5000. in legacies of £100. each, and
the like sum upon the decease of his wife.(3)

On the 17th of June, was caught in a ditch near Midsummer
Green a carp which measured 31 inches and weighed nearly 13lbs.(^)

On the 2d of July, the Corporation made a bye law repealing
the bye laws of 1686 and 1696, as to the precedency of Alder-
men (5) and declaring that for the future every Alderman should
have and take precedency from the time of his being elected an

(i) Hist, of Barnwell Abbey, Append, p. 5.

(2) Hone's Every Day Book, i. 1301.

(3) Cambridge Chronicle, 1 June, 1765.

(4) Cambridge Chronicle, 22 June, 1765.

(5) Vide ante, p. 33. The bye-law of 1696 had been repealed 17 rebruary, 1730-1 ,

340 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1766

Alderman, without any regard being had to the serving the office
of May or. (U

At the Town Sessions, held on the 18th of July, one Mary
Maiden was indicted as a common scold. She was subsequently(2)
acquitted, but the Court in anticipation probably of a conviction,
made the following order at the request of the Grand Jury: —

It is this day agreed and ordered at the request of the Grand Jury
that a Ducking Chair be made and put up at the Great Bridge at the ex-
pence of the To^^^l of Cambridge, and that the same be suffered to hang there
at all times until this Court shall otherAvise order, and the Chief Constable is
ordered to make and fix one up accordingly.(3)

At a Common Day held on the 15th of October, it was agreed
and ordered by the Mayor and Aldermen present, that no Mayor
for the future should nominate any gentleman as his honorary
freeman without first proposing him to and having the consent of
six Aldermen in the parlour for such his nomination, agreeably
to ancient custom.(4)

1766.

In the early part of this year, an ineffectual attempt was made to
obtain a grace of the Senate, constituting a syndicate to prepare a
petition to parliament that fellows of colleges should not lose their
fellowships by marriage. The Rev. Edward Betham M.A. fellow of
King's College, in a letter to the Rev. William Cole M.A., dated the
31st of January, thus alludes to this matter:—

In the University we have all of late been in a most violent flame, laboiur-
ing under the same disorder, that carried off poor Dr. M. some years agone.
Young & old have formed a resolution of Marrying : the first desirous of loosing
no time : the others, of making the speediest amends possible of what was
already lost. But it must be confessed indeed they go on with more prudence
than your honest and simple friend : for tho' they generously make a tender

(1) Corporation Common Day Book.

(2) 10th of October, 1765. At the Town Sessions held on the I6th of January, 1?66, her
husband Henry Maiden exhibited articles of the peace against this lady.

(3) Town Sessions Book.

On the 10th of April, 1766, the Court of Quarter Sessions made orders to pay; —

£. s. d.

" To Charles Day Joiner a Bill for making a Ducking Chair of 1 15 6

" To Samuel Booth Whitesmith a Bill for Iron "Work for the Ducking
"Chairof 3 2 3"

Mr. Cole mentions that -when he was a boy and lived with his grandmother in the great
corner house at the bridge foot, next Magdalene College, he saw a woman ducked for scold-
ing. The chair hung by a pulley fastened to a beam about the middle of the bridge (then
of timber), in which the woman was confined and let down under the water three limes and
then taken out. This ducking stool he says was constantly hanging in its place, and on the
back panel were engraved devils laying "hold of scolds, &c. Some time after a new chair
■was erected in the place of the old one, having the same devices carved on it and well painted
and ornamented. This was taken away when the bridge Avas rebuilt of stone about 1754.
In October, 1776, Mr. Cole saAV at the Town Hall a third ducking stool of plain oak with an
iron bar before it to confine the person in the seat. (MS. Colo, xlviii. 172.)

(4) Corporation Common Daj Book.

176G] GEORGE THE THIRD. 341

of their hearts, & affections for the service of others ; yet they do not alto-
gether forget their dear selves; they are warmly for promoting the public,
but not so as to loose sight of their own private good. The scheme there-
fore is — a wife & a Fellowship Avith her. For this purpose, the University is
to Petition the Parliament, to release the Fellows of the several Colleges from
the observance of all such Statutes of our Founders, as oblige them to Celibacy ;
& to dispense with the Guilt, (if it may be) of those members, who have
already bound themselves under oath to observe the same, & hereafter may
think proper to marry; (that so the affair of perjury may be removed out of
sight).

This affair has been canvassed, & warmly agitated among us between 2 & 3
months. There were those, who would not believe it was, or could be intended
in earnest : who imagined it must be a jest only. However, the projectors &
abetters of the scheme were in earnest. Accordingly a Grace was drawn up,
& on Friday last brought into the House. Mr, Ashby, who, in a manner with
the whole of St. John's, was exceeding Avarm & zealous in the cause, was
fixed upon to present the Grace : but for some reason, or other, then declined
it. There was the greatest confusion imaginable in the House : this added to
the tumult ; did not in the least allay or abate : but excited & heightened the
warmth & ardour of the Partizans. The Grace Avas shcAvn, but not in form
proposed to the Vote of the Avhole House. Nothing therefore was determined
at the Congregation. The party hoAvevor continues hot, and is in hopes of
doAvning to the ground with Celibacy.

The Preamble to the Grace, is. Cum celeberrimse quacq. et florentissim^e
Universitates apud exteras gentes qure ad reformatam Fidem accesserunt, libe-
ram Matrimonii celebrandi Potestatem Academicis suis permiserint, ut se in
liberatem cum Politicam tum Christianam vendicerit in Nostra Academia Socii :
Placeat vobis &c.(l)

You observe the foundation they go upon. The restraint from Marrying
they look upon as a Remnant of Popery: a Doctrine fit only to be taught &
maintained in the court of the Whore of Babylon. But I leave you to pass
judgment upon the Avhole as well upon the scheme itself, the Application, &
its consequences to the University, as upon the vieAvs & principles, Avhich
either in truth, or in pretence, actuated the zealous promoters of the same.

This is an affair of so extraordinary a nature, that I thought you Avould like
to have some account of it.(2)

The following grace passed the Senate on the 21st of January : —

Placeat vobis ut ex iis omnibus quorum nomina aut jam subducta sunt
aut posthac subducentur tabulis collegiorum in hac academia vel qui ab alia
quavis academia hue se conferent nemo ad jus suffragii apud vos adnrittatur
nisi qui in officium academicum vel lecturam publicam vel in fundationem
alicujus coUegii electus fuerit vel qui in coUegio aliquo vel in villa Canta-
brigiensi tres terminos compleverit per majorem partem cujusque termini atque
id procancellario probaverit antequam suffragium feret seu c libris collegii
seu duorum doctorum aut magistrorum testimoniis.

Placeat item yobis ut doctores vel magistri qui in officium academicum
vel lecturam publicam elegantur jus suffragii statim obtineant neque id ad

(I) The grace is in full in MS. Cole, xxiii. 73 b.
(3) MS. Cole, xxiii. 188 b.

342 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1766

finem anni expectare tencantur et ut hcec concessio vestra vim statuti habeat
et in procuratorum libris inscribatur.(l)

On the 11th of February, a return of the prices of wheat and malt
in Cambridge market from 1677 to 1765, was made to the House
of Commons by Richard Watson and Edward Oliver " Taxers for
the University, and Clerks of the Market for the Town of Cam-
bridge."(2)

At a Common Day held on the 15th of April, a proposition
was made that no person should be elected a freeman of the
town unless he were proposed at one Common Day and con-
firmed at the next. All the Aldermen present, except the Mayor,
protested against this proposition, which was hovv'ever carried,
the Mayor and 31 Burgesses voting for it, and 7 Aldermen and
3 Burgesses against it.(3)

The Trustees of Addenbrooke's Hospital or Infirmary W having
exhausted the funds at their disposal, a meeting of the Gentlemen
of the University, County, and Town was held on the 30th of
April, to devise means to support this institution. At this meet-
ing the Vicechancellor and Mayor were desired to issue circular
letters requesting subscriptions, which they accordingly did, and
with such success that on Michaelmas day this year the Hospital
was opened for the reception of patients.(5)

The Duke of Newcastle Chancellor of the University arrived in
Cambridge in the evening of Saturday the 28th of June. The next
day he attended divine service at Great St. Mary's, where sermons
were preached by Dr. Sharpe of Corpus Christi College, and Dr.
Edwards of Clare Hall. On Monday the 30th, he held a levee
at St. John's College, and went from thence to the Senate House,
where Wilton's statue of King George the second, whicli the
Duke had presented to the University, had recently been erected.
On Tuesday the 1st of July, he held another levee at St. John's,
and presided in the Senate House at the Commencement. On
leaving Cambridge, he gave £10. to the poor of the Town.(6)

On the 8th of July, there was a contested election for the rectory
of Thwaite St. Mary in Norfolk, the patron the Duke of Norfolk
being a Roman Catholic. The candidates were John Story M.A.

(1) Stat. Acad. Cantab, p. 433.

(2) Commons' Journals, xxx. 764.

(3) Corporation Common Day Book.

(4) Vide ante, p. iCO.

(5) See under 17G7.

"■ Cambridge Journal, 5 Julv, l7oG; Cambridge Chronicle, 5 July, 17C8; MS. Cole, xxvi.
205 b, 208 b.

17GG] GEORGE THE THIRD. 343

fellow of Magdalene College, for whom 58 votes were given, and
Mr. Massey fellow of St. John's College, who polled 55 votes.(i)

This year, the Crown endowed the Professorship of Chemistry
with the stipend of £100. per annum. This grant was obtained
through the exertions of Richard Watson M.A. then Professor of
Chemistry and afterward Bishop of Llandaff.(2)

At the annual election of corporate officers on the 16th of August,
the electors chose as Mayor James Gifford jun., one of the Alder-
men, a captain in the 14th regiment of foot, and then dn duty in
North America. This was done in order that William Weales the
old Mayor might continue in office, there being no probability of Cap-
tain Gifford's return during the year for which he was chosen. The
Court of King's Bench regarding Captain Gifford's election as merely
colourable, awarded a mandamus to proceed to a fresh elcction.(3)

The Duke of Newcastle the Chancellor of the University, havino-
resigned all his state employments, the Senate on the 30th of August

(1) MS. Cole, xxvi. 208 b. ; Cambridge Chronicle, 12th July, 1765.

(2) " There was no stipend annexed to the Professorship of Chemistry, nor any thin''
" furnished to the Professor by the University, except a room to read lectures in. I was
" told that the Professors of Chemistry in Paris, Vienna, Berlin, Stockholm, &c., were
" supported by their respective monarchs ; and 1 knew that the reading a course oflcc-
" tures would every year be attended Avith a great expense ; and being very hearty in
" the design of recommending chemistry to the attention of the youth of the University
•' and of the country, I thought myself justified in applying to the minister for a stipend
'■ from the Crown. Lord Rockingham was then Minister (176G), and Mr. Luther, who
" had lately spent above twenty thousand pounds in establishing the Whig intere'st in
" Essex, undertook to ask for it. Tliough an hundred a year given for the encourat^e-
" ment of science, is but a drop in the ocean, Vi'hen compared with the enormous sums
" lavished in unmerited pensions, lucrative sinecure places, and scandalous jobs, by every
" Minister on his flatterers and dependants, in order to secure his majorities in Parlia-
" ment, yet I obtained this drop with difficulty; and, unless the voice of a member of
" Parliament had seconded my petition, I doubt whether I should have succeeded. I
" sent up to the Duke of Newcastle, Chancellor of the University, a testimonial from the
" Vice-Cliancellor, that I had read with credit a course of chemical lectures; and that a
" chemical establishment would be highly useful to the University; together Avith thig
" testimonial, I sent my petition to Lord llockingham, requesting the Duke to present
" it to him.

" The petition was presented in Marcli, but I heard nothing about it till the July fol-
" lowing ; when, waiting upon the Duke of Newcastle, he asked if my business was done ?
" I answered. No, and that I thought it never Avould be done. I own I had been so much
" vexed at the delay, that 1 was very indifferent whether it ever was done or not, and
" therefore answered with more firmness than the old man liad been used to. He then
" asked why it had not been done. My answer was ' Because Lord llockingham sayg
" Your Grace ought to speak to the King, as Chancellor of the University; and Youf
" Grace says, that Lord llockingham ought to speak to the King, as Minister.' He
" stared at me with astonishment ; and, calling for paper, he instantly wrote a letter, and
'• sealing it with his own seal, ordered me to go with it immediately to Lord Rocking-
" ham, who had a levee that day. I did so, (and it was the only time in my life that I
" ever attended a minister's levee,) and sent in my letter, before the levee began. I un-
" derstood that it was whispered, that Lord Rockingham and the Whigs were to go out of
" administration ; and it was so : for their dismission was settled that day. Lord Kock-
" ingham, however, undertook to ask the King; and, apologising for not having done it
" sooner, offered in a very polite manner to have the stipend (I asked only for £100. a
" year,) settled upon me for life. This I refused, and desired to have it only whilst I
" continued Professor of ( hemistry, and discharged the duty of the office.

" The ice being thus broken by me similar stipends have been since procured from the
" Crown, for the Professors of Anatomy and Botany, ar.d lor the recently established
" Professor of Common Law. The University is now much richer than it was in 176G ;
" and it would become its dignit3', I think, to thank the King for his indulgence, and
" to pay in future its unendowed Professors without having recourse to the public purse;
" not that I feel the least reluctance to dii)inng into the public purse for such a purpose,
" but 1 feel something for the independence of the University." — Anecdotes of the Life
of Richard Watson Bishop of Landaff. 2d edit. Vol. i. p. 49

(3) Corporation Common Day Book; Sir James Burrow's Reports, iv 2008.

344 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1767

addressed a letter to him expressive of their unalterable attachment
in a private as well as a public station.(i) In his reply, which was
read to the Senate on the Gth of September, the Duke declared his
great satisfaction at the approbation of his sovereign and the good
opinion of the University, whom on his retiring from public employ-
ment he had particularly recommended to the King, and he assured
them of his Majesty's constant favour and protection. (2)

In the night between the 6th and 7th of October, Mary the
wife of Henry Coe of St. Sepulchre's, shoemaker, was safely deli-
vered of two sons and two daughters. All these children were
baptised at St. Sepulchre's, on the 5th of November, when the
father, the midwife, nurses, and 16 gossips went to the church in
procession, attended by an incredible number of people. There was
a public subscription for the children, who were put out to sepa-
rate wet nurses. One of the children died at the age of two
months, another at 15 months, a third at 20 months, and the fourth
(Sarah) was alive in 1808.(3)

1767.

The election of Mayor, in pursuance of the writ of mandamus
awarded by the Court of King's Bench, (4) took place on the lltli
of February, when the votes were equal for Aldermen Bentham and
Halstead, whereupon William Weales the old Mayor gave his casting
vote in favour of Alderman Halstead, who was sworn in. (5)

On the 20th of May, the royal assent was given to " An Act
for establishing and well-governing a General Hospital, to be called
Addenbrooke's Hospital, in the Town of Cambridge." After reciting
the will of Dr. Addenbrooke, and certain proceedings in Chancery
relative thereto, and that the Governors and Trustees acting under
Dr. Addenbrooke's wilK^) had in the execution of their trust laid

(1) Cambridge Chronicle, 6 Sept. 1766.

(2) Ibid, 13 Sept. 1766.

(3) Lysons, Cambridg-eshire, 151 ; Cambridge Chronicle, 8 Nov. 17C6.

(4) Vide ante, p. 343.

(5) Corporation Common Day Book.

(fi) The following were appointed Trnstees and Governors of Dr. Addenbrooke's Charity
and Charity Estate, in pursuance of a report made by the Master in Chancery, dated 21st of
July, 1768 :—

.Tames Burrough Esq. (afterwards Sir James Burrough) Master of Cains College.

John Green D.D. Master of Corpus Christi College aherwards Bishop of Lincoln.

Roger Long D.D. Master of Pembroke Hall.

William Richardson D.D. Master of Emmanuel College.

John Summer D.D. Provost of King's College.

Edmund Law D.D. Master of Pcterhouse afterwards Bishop of Carlisle.

Thomas Chapman D D. Master of Magdalene College.

Hugh Thomas D.D. Master of Christ's College.

Lynford Caryl D.D. fellow afterwards Master of Jesus College.

Francis Sawyer Parris D.D. Master of Sidney College.

Kenrick Prescott D.D. Master of Catharine Hall.

1767] GEORGE THE THIRD. 345

out and expended in the purchase of lands and in building an
hospital and in furniture £4010. 3,9. OW., and having suffered great
losses and been at great expences in the execution of the trust,
the capital belonging to the charity was on the 9th of April,
1766, reduced to £1804. I6s. 4d. "vvhich being found insufficient for
carrying on so good a design, several Noblemen, Gentlemen, Clergy,
and others had entered into a voluntary subscription for making
the hospital a general hospital, and several considerable sums had
been subscribed and paid for that purpose : and reciting that appli-
cation had been made to the Trustees to give up their trust to the
subscribers for the purpose of making the hospital a general hospital,
which the Trustees were willing and desirous of doing, but were ad-
vised they could not give up their trust nor extend or vary the
testator's plan without the aid of Parliament : in order therefore
to effectuate the plan of making the hospital a general hospital, ac-
cording to the good and pious intention of Dr. John Addenbrooke
and of the subscribers, it was enacted : —

That from and after the 24th day of June, 1767, there should be a Corpo-
ration, to continue for ever for establishing and well governing a General Hos-
pital in the Town of Cambridge, to be called Addenbrooke's Hospital.

That the Right Honourable Philip Earl of Hardwicke Lord Lieutenant of
the County of Cambridge, and the Lord Lieutenant of the County of Cambridge
for the time being ; the most Noble Thomas Holies Duke of Newcastle Chan-
cellor of the University of Cambridge, and the Chancellor of the said Univer-
sity for the time being ; the Lord Bishop of Ely for the time being ; the Right
Honourable Thomas Lord Montfort High Steward of the Corporation of Cam-
bridge, and the High Steward of the said Corporation for the time being ; the
High Sheriff of the County of Cambridge for the time being ; the Representa-
tives in Parliament for the County, University, and Town of Cambridge for
the time being; the Vice Chancellor of the University of Cambridge for the
time being; and the Mayor of the Town of Cambridge for the time being;
together vnih any person who had paid, or at any time thereafter should pay,
into the hands of the treasurer or treasurers of the hospital for the time
being, the sum of £21, or upwards, at one time, for the use of the hospital,
should be governors of the hospital ; and also every person who should, at
any time thereafter, pay into the hands of such treasurer or treasurers the
yearly sum of two guineas, or more, for the use of the hospital, should, during
such time as they should respectively continue to pay the same, be respectively
governors of the said hospital.

That the governors should be one body corporate and politic in deed and
in laAv, by the name of the President and Governors of Addenbrooke's Hospital
in the Town of Cambridge ; and that by the same name they should have per-
petual succession and a common seal, with poAver to change, alter, break, and
renew the same, from time to time, as they should judge expedient; and that
they and their successors, by the same name, might sue and be sued, implead
and be impleaded, answer and be answered unto, in all or any court or courts
of record, and places of judicature, within this kingdom.

VOL. IV. X X

346 GEORGE THE THIRD [1767

That they, by the name aforesaid, should be able and capable in law to
have, hold, receive, enjoy, possess, and retain to them and their successors, in
trust for and for the benefit of the hospital, all such sum and sums of money
as had been paid, or should at any time or times thereafter be paid, given,
devised, or bequeathed by any charitable or well-disposed persons to and for
the charitable ends and purposes in the act mentioned ;(1) and that they, by

(1) The following- is an alphabetical list of the benefactions to the Hospital exceeding'
£50. with the dates when received. [As respects legacies the dates appear to be in some
instances considerably after the death of the donors] : — •

Mrs. Ackers and Mrs. Graves of Cambridge, (1779) five messuages in Cambridge.

Mrs. Ashby of Haselbeach, Northamptonshire, (1804) £100.

Anthony Askew M.D. of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, (1767) £50.

Mrs. Atkins of Hills' Road, Cambridge, (1843) £50.

Francis Bagge Esq. High Bailiff of the Isle of Ely, (1832) £100.

Mrs. F. Baines of Cambridge, (1795) £100. New South Sea annuity.

Miss Barker of Cambridge, (1791) £363. I5s. lOd.
■ Edmund Baron of Cambridge, (1787) £40. £3- per cent- consols and £160. South Sea stock.

John Duke of Bedford, (1824, 1832) £205.

Rev. Edward Betham M.A. fellow of King's College, (1784) £300. £3. percent, reduced.

Ambrose Bening Esq. of Triplow, (1819) £100.

Miss Elizabeth Bcntham of Bath, (1804) £100. £3. per cent, consols.

Mrs. Berney of Norwich, (1807) £100,

John Bowtell of Cambridge, (1809, 1814) £7,000. £3. per cent, consols.

Thomas Bowyer of Swaffham Bulbeck, (1825) £100.

Mrs. Bull of Ely, (1843) £50.

Sir James BuiTough Knt. Master of Caius College, (1764) £100.

Rev. William Butts M.A. rector of Little Wilbraham, (1807) £100.

Hon. Charles Sloane Cadogau M.P. for the town, (1767) £50.

John Jeffreys Marquess of Camden K.G. Chancellor of the University (1835) £50.

Lynford Caryl D.U. Master of Jesus College, (1782) £100.

Mrs. Cawthorne of Cambridge (1767) six acres of land in Barnwell.

Rev. Leonard Chapplelow B.D. Professor of Arabic, (1784) £50.

Thomas Cheetham Esq. of Barnwell, (1787) £100.

Mrs. Cheetham of Barnwell, (1790) £100. £4. per cent, consols,

Mrs. Chettoe of Chesterton, (1799) £50.

Richard Chiswell Esq. of Debden, Essex, (1772) £50.

Trigonwell Collier of Stapleford. (1827) £50.

Mrs. Collier of Stapleford, (1839) £90. £3. per cent, consols.

Mrs. Catharine CoUignon of Bromley, Kent, formerly of Cambridge, (1832) £1,000. £3. per
cent, reduced.

Sir John Hinde Cotton M.P. for the county, (1767) £50.

Mrs. Cotton of Welwyn, (1839) £225.

Mrs. Cranmer of Quendon Hall, Essex, (1844) £584. 13s. 4d.

Mr. E.J. Curtis of Fenditton, (1825) £100.

Francis Dawes Esq. M.A. fellow of Peterhouse and one of the Esquire Bedels of the Uni-
versity, (1791) £100.

George John Earl of Delawarr (1823—1840) £89.

Mr. Deere for Eversden (177.5) £100.

Rev. James Devie vicar of Standground, (1808) £200.

Robert Leslie Ellis Esq. of Trinity College, (1844, 1845) £138. 1.5*.

Rev. William Parish M.A. Jacksonian Professor, (1836) £.50.

Charles Lord Farnborough (1835) £.50.

Coulson Fellowes Esq. of Ramsey, (1770) £50.

Rev. I. H. Fisk of Bottisham, (1839) £HI0

Ebenezer Foster Esq. of Trumpington, (1810— 18(0) £84.

Robert Franks of Cambridge, (1783) £200.

Edward Freeman of Cambridge, (1780) £1.50.

Joseph Gee of Cambridge, (1833) £100.

His Royal Highness William Henry Duke of Gloucester K.G. Chancellor of the Univer-
sity, (1813, 1824) £100.

Henry Goddard M.D. sometime fellow of St. John's College, (1768) £50.
Edward Goode of Cambridge, (1816) £50,

John Marquess of Granby M.P. for the county, (1767) £100.

Sir Alexander Cray Grant Bart. M.P. for the town, (1840, 1841) £73. 10s.

William Greaves Esq. of Fulbourn, sometime Commissary of the University, (1789) £200.

Dr. John Green Bishop of Lincoln, (1780) £100.
John Hall Esq. of Weston Colville, (1826—1839) £210. 10s.
Mrs. Hand of Cheveley, (1825) £50.

Philip Earl of Hardwicke Lord Lieutenant of the County and High Steward of the Uni-
versity, (1767, 1790) £600.

Philip Earl of Hardwicke Lord Lieutenant of the County, (1803) £150.
Miss Ann Hatton of Longstanton, (1842) £200.
Miss Elizabeth Hatton of Longstanton. (1846) £200.

1767] GEORGE THE THIRD. 347

the name aforesaid, should and might, at any time thereafter, without licence
in mortmain, purchase, take, or receive any lands, tenements or hereditaments,

Isaac Hawkins Esq. (1802) £800. £3. per cent, consols.

"William Hebcrdcn M.D. sometime fellow of St. John s Colieg-c, (I7b7) ioU.

Mrs. Grace Heniington of Barnwell, (1822) £10(>.

John Ilemington Esq. of Trumpington, (1837) £lOO. new £3i. per cent.

Rev. ^Villiam Ilethcrington fellow of Eton College, (17()8, 1779) £5o0.

Richard Hey LL.D. (1785-1833) £52.

John Hibbert jun. Esq. fellow of King's College, (1825, 1839) tot).

Rev. James Hicks of Wilbrahara Temple, (1825) £200.

Mrs. Hicks of Wilbraham Temple, (1832) £200.

Mrs. Elizabeth Hide of Cambridge, (1777) £50. ,, . , , „„,„, ,.,„

Alexander James Bercsford Hope Esq. of Trinity College, M.P. for Maidstone, (1842) £50.

William Ivatt of Cottenham, (1829) £100.

Gilbert Ives of Cambridge, (1825) £100.

Harman James of Cambridge, (1815) £200.

Soame Jenyns Esq. M.P. for the town, (1767, 1788) £l50.

Elizabeth Jenyns of Bottisham, widow of Soame Jenyns Esq. (1797) £100.

Abraham Jobson D.D. vicar of Wisbech (1822, 1824) £200.

Benjamin Kcene Esq. of Westoe Lodge, in Linton, sometime M.P. for the town of Cam-
bridge, (1838) £100.

Rev. Frederick Keller rector of Kelshall, Hertfordshire, (1809) £300.

Mrs. Dorcas Lee of Upwell, (1832) £100.

Roger Long D.U. Master of Pembroke Hall, (1767) £50.

Thomas Lombe Esq. of Cambridge, (1801, 1802) £352. 10«.

Edward Limn of Cambridge, (1814) £100.

William Lunn of Cambridge, (1829) £100.

Lord Charles Somerset Manners M.P. for the county and Recorder oi the town, (1802,
1832) £73. 10s.

Charles Viscount Maynard, (1828) £1,140.

Rev. Moore Meredeth B.U. fellow of Trinity College, (1790) £280. £3. per cent, reduced.

Joseph Merrill of Cambridge, (1803, 1806) £600.

Thomas Lord Montfort High Steward of the town, (1767) £100.

Mrs. Anne Mortlock of Woodbridge, (1838) £50.

Mrs. Elizabeth Mortlock of Woodbridge, (1832) £50.

A. Newton Esq, of Lichfield, (1811) £200.

Hugh Duke of Northumberland K.G. then High Steward now Chancellor of the Uni-
versity, (1835) £50.

Anthony Oldfield of Newmarket, (1788) £50.

William Orton Esq. of Wisbech, (1833) £100.

Lord Francis Godolphin Osborne M.P. for the county now Lord Godolphin High Steward
of the town, (1802—1822) £315.

Jonathan Page Esq. of Ely, (1840) £500.

Robert Peck of Cambridge, (1805) £200.

Sir Henrv Peyton Bart. M.P. for the county, (1802) £105.

Rev. Robert Beresford Podmore M.A. vicar of Kirby Monks, (1843) £200.

Mrs. Raikes of Hinxton, (1831) £50.

Henricus Octavus Roe Esq. of Weston, near Baldock, (1841) £50,

Viscount Royston M.P. (1805) £100.

James Russell of Cambridge, (1803) £100.

John Henry Duke of Rutland High Steward of the town, (1802, 1S24) £210.

William Duke of St. Albans, (1828) £52. 10s.

Mrs. Mary Serecold late of St. Albans, (1837) £50.

Rev. George Skinner M.A. fellow of Jesus College, (1821— 1826) £(52. lOs.

Daniel Slack of Cambridge, (1810) £338. Is. 8d.

Dr. Bowyer Edward Sparke Bishop of Ely, (1824) £100.

Rev. Thomas Spencer fll.A. felloAV of Trinity College, (1781, 1790) £200.

Edward Stadderd Esq. of St. Ives, (1782, 1783) £300.

Rev. John Stevenson of Great Wilbraham, (1830) £100.

William Squire Esq. of Peterborough, (1827) £100.

Rev. J. Thomas rector of Stretham, (1771) £50.

Mrs. Susanna Thoms of Cambridge, (1789) £50.

John Torkington D.D. Master of Clare Hall, (1815) £200. £3. per cent, consols.

John Trigg Esq. of Melbourn Bury, (1823) £200.

Rev. Henry Trotter M.A. Rector of Gravely, (1767) £50.

Bates Francis Tunwell of Cambridge, (1806) £250. £4. per cent, consols.

Mrs. Ann Turner, (1844) £200.

James Turner of Cambridge, (1782) £50.

Rev. Robert TyrAvhitt M.A. fellow of Jesus College, (1787, 1817) £100.

Mary Watts of Cambridge, (1837) £200.

Samuel Widnall of Grantchester, florist, (1840, 1842) £440. Is. 3d.

Mrs. Elizabeth Wildman of Cambridge, (1809) £100.

Mrs. Wortham of llovston, (1828, 1829) £250.

Right Hon. Charles Yorke M.P. for the county, (1802, 1831) £60. 10s.

Dr. the Hon. James Yorke Bishop of Ely, (1802) £52. lOs.

Hon. John Yorke, (1772) £50.

348 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1767

or any estate or interest arising or derived out of any lands, tenements, or
hereditaments, for the purposes aforesaid.

That the physicians and surgeons to be appointed to the hospital, should
and might act as governors at all general courts.

That no person should be capable of acting as a governor of the hospital, who
should hold or enjoy any place of profit arising by virtue of the act, or who
should enter into any bargain or contract for the sale of any goods or other
things for the use of the hospital, during the time such bargain or contract
should be subsisting.

That the edifice or hospital erected by the trustees acting under the will of
Dr. Addenbrooke, or some of them, and the buildings thereto belonging and
the ground and soil thereof, and all the lands, tenements, and hereditaments
theretofore purchased or contracted for by the trustees, or any of them, for
the purposes of carrying into execution the trusts reposed in them, and their
rights and interest therein, together with the furniture of the hospital, and
other premises thereto belonging, should, from and after the said 24th day of
June, be vested in the said corporation, according to the tenor of the several
contracts and purchases already made thereof, for the several uses, intents,
and purposes of the act.

That the trustees acting under the will of Dr. Addenbrooke should pay and
deliver over to the governors or any nine or more of them, or to such person
or persons as they or any nine or more of them should appoint to receive the
same, all and every such sum and sums of money and other effects, as should
be in their any or either of theiV hands, custody, or power belonging to the
trust ; and that from and immediately after such payment and delivery, the
trustees, their heirs, executors, administrators, and assigns, should be freed
and discharged and absolutely acquitted, exempted, and exonerated of, from,
and against all and every the trusts, uses, intents, and purposes mentioned,
expressed, and declared in the will of Dr. Addenbrooke or the recited decree,
or either of them.

That the right honourable Pliilip Earl of Hardwicke Lord Lieutenant of the
county of Cambridge, and from and after the decease of the said Earl the Lord
Lieutenant of the county of Cambridge for the time being, should be president of
the said corporation ; and that the president with any eight or more of the gover-
nors, or in the absence of the president any nine or more of the governors should
compose a general court; and that the said governors should hold their first
general court on Monday the 29th day of June, 1767, at the hospital ; and should
then, and from time to time, adjourn the court to such times and places as they
should think necessary for the due execution of the act ; and that a general court
of the governors should be held at the hospital four times at least in every year ;
viz. on the Monday next after the 24th of March, on the Monday next after
the 24th of June, on the Monday next after the 29th of September, and on
the Monday next after the 25th of December, or oftener if occasion should
require, upon notice thereof given by the governors, or any seven or more of
them, or by their order, by publishing the same in the Cambridge newspapers
and by affixing a like notice in ^\^:iting upon the gate and in the board-room
of the hospital, twenty days at least before every such meeting.

That the governors assembled at any such general court should have full
power and authority in the name of the Corporation, and on their account to
enter into such contracts as they or nine or more of them should think proper ;
and to do, manage, transact, and determine, all such matters and things as
should to them or any nine or more of them, at any such general court appear

1767] GEORGE THE THIRD. 349

to be necessary or proper for the effecting and carrying on the good purposes
of the act ; and should and might also appoint such weekly or other meetings
of the governors or any five or more of them, with such powers and authorities
as they should think necessary for the more easy, speedy, and effectual execu-
tion of the act.

That it should and might be lawful to and for the governors in a general
court assembled, or any nine or more of them, to make, ordain, and constitute
such and so many bye-laws, constitutions and ordinances, as to them should seem
necessary and convenient for the finishing and completing the hospital, and for
the better governing, regulating, ordering, and management thereof, and of the
officers, servants, and persons employed in and about the affairs of the hospital,
and the sick persons or patients to be taken therein under their care, and for the
auditing of the accounts of the hospital ; and the same bye-laws, constitutions,
and ordinances so made to put in use accordingly, and at their will and plea-
sure to revoke, change, and alter the same, or any of them : which said bye-
laws, constitutions, and ordinances so as aforesaid made should be duly kept and
observed ; provided that the said bye-laws, constitutions, and ordinances be not
contrary or repugnant to the statutes, customs, or laws of this kingdom.

That at all and every general court, and other meetings of the governors,
in case of an equality of voices, the president or chairman should have the casting
vote.

That the governors, or any nine or more of them, at a general court, should
have power, from time to time, to appoint such officers and other persons as
they should think necessary to employ for the purposes, and in the execution
of the act ; and, from time to time, to suspend or remove such officers and
other persons, or any or either of them, as they should think fit, and appoint
others in case of death, or such suspension or removal : and might out of the
monies to be received for the purposes of the act, make such allowances to
such officers and other persons for their services, as to the governors or any
nine or more of them at a general court should seem reasonable.

That it should and might be lawful to and for the governors, or any five or
more of them, at any weekly or other meeting, being impowered by the said
governors or any nine or more of them, at a general court so to do, to sus-
pend or remove any such officers and other persons, and to appoint others in
case of death, or such suspension or removal until a general court should be
held ; and the said governors, or any nine or more of them, at a general com't
should and might confirm such appointments, or might remove such officers or
other persons, and appoint others in their room, as they should think fit.

That all and every such officers and other persons should, from time to time,
(when thereunto required by the governors or any nine or more of them) make
and render to the governors or any nine of them a true, exact, and perfect
accoimt in writing under their respective hands, upon oath to be taken before
two or more of the governors (which oath two of the governors are impowered
to administer) of all monies which he, she, or they and every of them respec-
tively should to that time have received, paid, and disbursed by virtue of the
act, or by reason of their respective offices ; and in case any money so received
should remain in their or any of their hands, the same should be paid to the
governors or any nine or more of them, or to such person or persons as they
should appoint to receive the same : and in case any such officer or other person
should not make and render, or should refuse to verify upon oath any such ac-
count, or to make such payment as aforesaid; then any one or more of such

J50 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1767

justice or justices of the county or town of Cambridge should make inquiry of
and concerning such default in a summary way, as well by confession of the
parties themselves as by the testimony of one or more credible witness or
witnesses upon oath : and if any such officer or person should be convicted of
all or any the offences aforesaid, such justice or justices should, upon such con-
viction, commit the party offending to the common gaol of the county of Cam-
bridge, there to remain without bail or mainprize, until he or she should have
made a true and perfect account and payment as aforesaid, or until he or she
should have compounded and agreed with the governors or any nine or more of
them, and have paid such composition money ; which composition the gover-
nors or any nine or more of them were impowered to make.

That the governors or any nine or more of them should and were required
to take such security from the treasurer or treasurers to be appointed for the
purposes of the act, as to the governors or any nine or more of them should
seem meet.

That no person whatsoever, who should be employed in the hospital as a
hired servant, should by reason of such service gain a settlement in the parish
in which the hospital is situate.

That the charges and expences of procuring and passing the act, and all
other expences incident thereto, should be paid by the corporation out of the
first monies to be by them received.

That if any action should be brought, or suit commenced against any per-
son or persons for any thing done in pursuance of the act, or in relation to
the premises or any of them, every such action or suit should be laid or brought
within six months next after the fact done, and should be laid or brought in
the county of Cambridge, and not elsewhere ; and the defendant or defendants
in such action might plead the general issue, and give the act and the special
matter in evidence at any trial to be had thereupon, and that the same was
done in pursuance and by the authority of the act : and if the same should ap-
pear to have been so done, or if any such action or suit should not be brought
within the time before limited, or should be brought in any other county or
place than as aforesaid; then the jury should find for the defendant or defend-
ants ; or if the plaintiff or plaintiffs should become non-suited, or suffer a dis-
continuance of his, her, or their action or actions, or if a verdict should pass
against the plaintiff or plaintiffs, or if upon demurrer, judgment should be given
against the plaintiff or plaintiffs ; the defendant or defendants should have treble
costs, and should have such remedy for recovering the same as any defendant
or defendants had for costs in other cases by law.

That the act should be taken and allowed in all courts as a public act ; and
all judges and justices were thereby required as such to take notice thereof,
without specially pleading the same,(l)

On the 14th of November, the Vicechancellor and Heads, on the
petition of the Tutors, augmented the fees for tuition to the follow-
ing quarterly sums, viz. £8. for a nobleman, £4. for a fellow com-
moner, £2. for a pensioner, and 15*. for a bachelor of arts. The
tuition fee of a sizar remained as before at 155. a quarter.(2)

(1) Stat. 7 Geo. III. c. 99.

(2) Stat. Acad. Cantab. 513.

1768] GEORGE THE THIRD. 351

1768.

On the 2d of February died Robert Smith LL.D., D.D., F.R.S.,
Master of Trinity College, Master of Mechanics to the King, and
sometime Plumian Professor. He left £2000. to his college and
£2500. to the University for increasing the stipend of the Plumian
Professor, and for two annual prizes of £25. each to two commenc-
ing Bachelors of Arts, the best proficients in mathematics and natural
philosophy.

At the Town Sessions on the 14th of April, came on to be heard
an appeal by John Smith against a poor rate for the parish of Saint
Andrew the Great, on the ground that Christ's and Emmanuel Col-
leges were not assessed. No judgment was given. Mr. Bentham
Mayor and Alderman Gifford were for confirming the rate, and
Dr. Ewin and Alderman Norfolk for quashing it. Alderman Whit-
tled declined giving any opinion. (D

On the 14th of July, came on at the Town Sessions appeals by
Dr. Richardson Master of Emmanuel College, Dr. Thomas Master
of Christ's College, and the Rev. Henry Hubbard, and six other
fellows of Emmanuel College, against the poor rate for the parish
of St. Andrew the Great, on the ground that they were not liable
to be charged thereto. No one appearing for the respondents, the
appeals were allowed, as was also an appeal by James Blackley,
who was charged for a garden occupied by him belonging to Em-
manuel College, and, by consent, the name of Mr. Cotton of Em-
manuel College was struck out of the rate in which he was charged
for his chambers.(2)

On the 29th of August, the King of Denmark came to Cambridge,!^)
attended by Comte de Bernstorff his principal Secretary of State,
Baron de Schimmelmann Treasurer, Comte de Holcke Grand Master
of the Wardrobe, Baron de Bulow, Dr. Struensee his Majesty's Phy-
sician, &c. The King lodged at the Rose inn, where the Vicechan-
cellor and Heads waited on him in their robes, and attended him
thence to the Senate House, where the whole University and a bril-
liant company of ladies in the galleries were assembled. He was

(1) Town Sessions Book.

(2) Ibid.

Dr. Marriott the Viccchancellor published this year " Argument in the case of the Poors
Rate charged on the Colleges of Christ and Emmanuel, in the University of Cambridge."
This he reprinted in 17()9, together Avith a charge at the Quarter Sessions 10th of Octo-
ber, 17G8. The Toor Hate Argument is an exquisitely absurd performance; and as to ihe
charge, Gray in a letter to the^llev. Norton Nicholls, says it " moved the towns-people to
tears, and the Univei'sity to laughter." Gray's works, ed. Mitford, v. 82.

(3) The King of Ueiimark had been expected in Cambridge a week before, but put off
his visit on account of illness. — Gray's works, cd. Mitford, v. 80.

35:3 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1768

conducted to a chair of state, where he received the compliments of
the Heads, and after a short stay went in procession to the library
and to all the principal buildings in the University, where he saw
everything that was rare and curious.d) He expressed the highest
satisfaction, and invited the Vicechancellor to supper. Early next
morning he proceeded on his journey to York.(2)

On the 5th of October, Dr. Marriott the Vicechancellor and Mr.
Beadon the Public Orator waited on the King of Denmark at New-
market, and in the name of the University presented a letter of
address and graces for confering the same degrees upon the King
and his attendants as had been conferred at Oxford.(3)

Walter Titley, Esq. fellow of Trinity College and sometime Envoy
Extraordinary to the Court of Denmark, having left £500. to the
University to be disposed of as the Vicechancellor should think fit,
Dr. Marriott the Vicechancellor designed to appropriate it in aid
of a subscription for the erection of an amphitheatre for public lec-
tures and musical performances, but this project failed.(4)

(1) On being shewn at Sidney Colieg-e Oliver Cromwell's picture by Cooper, he turned
to one of his nobles and said in French, " He makes me tremble." — Cambridge Chronicle,
10 Sept. 1768.

(2) Cambridge Chronicle, 3 Sept. 1768. Annual Register for 1768, p. 159.

" My Lord Montfort personally knew Count Holkte while he was at Geneva, so went
" to Cambridge on 29 Aug. to be there at his reception, & put on his Eobes as Dr. of
"Law; he told me the Vice Chancellor's carriage was rather forward & absurd. He
" had sent the week before a letter to my Lord's Gardener for fruit, instead of -WTiting
" to his Lordship, who gave me the original letter, which is as follows : —
'To the Head Gardener at Lord Montfort's.

' The Vice Chancellor acquaints Lord Montfort's Gardener, that the King of Denmark
' will be in the University this day, & the University will entertain him. Three or four
' ripe Pine apples, & some Melons" are Avanted, which the Vice Chancellor desires Lord
' Montfort's Gardener to send him packed up with great care by the bearer. If Lord
' Montfort is at home, this note is to be carried to his Lordship, that his Lordship may,
'if he pleases, make the present in his own name to the King: otherwise, if his Lord-
' ship is not at home, the Vice Chancellor will remain his Lordship's Debtor, and de-
' sires the Gardener to call at his lodge the first time he comes to Cambridge.

' Trinity Hall Lodge, Monday 22 Aug.'
—MS. Cole, xxxiii. 464.

(3) Annual Register for 1768, 176.

(4) " The late Mr- Titley, Envoy to the Court of Denmark, and fellow of Trinity College,
" having left £500. to the Univers'ity, the Vice Chancellor has appropriated it to the build-
" ing an Amphitheatre for public Lectures, & musical performances, & has added a Bene-
" faction of 20 Guineas. The Rev. Dr. Long, Professor Shephard, & Mr. Alderson have
" also subscribed 10 Guineas each." — Cambridge Chronicle, Nov. 5, 1768.

" Whereas it is proposed to build a room by Subscription, in the Town of Cambridge, for
" the use of the members of the University, & to be appropriated for the purpose of having
" public Lectures read therein; by the Professors in Divinity, Law, Physic, Modern His-
" tory, Mathematics, Experimental Philosophy, Botany, Astronomy, the Learned Languages
" & Music, for the performance of ISIusical Compositions ; Such room to be built according
" to such plan & estimate as shall be approved of by the Vice Chancellor for the time
" being; & the majority of the several subscribers, who shall subscribe and advance the
" sum of £5. & upwards, & the same to be used for the purposes aforesaid, under such
" orders & regulations as shall be established by the Vice Chancellor for time being, &
" the majority of the said persons so subscribing, being members of, & Graduates resi-
" dent in the said University : This is therefore to give Notice, that the Subscription
" Lists, for the above purposes are left, and subscriptions received by Mr. Alderman
" Gifford, of the Town of Cambridge, & Mr. Merrill & Mr. Woodyer, Booksellers, in the
" said town of Cambridge, & Sir Samuel Gosling & Co., Bankers, in Fleet Street, Lon-
" don, who are authorized to receive the same." — Cambridge Chronicle, 5 Nov. 1768.

" Mr. Titley left this £500. by will, to the University, under the direction of the Vice
" Chancellor for the time being, comme chef thereof : this happening while Dr. Marriot

1769] GEORGE THE THIRD. §53

The subjoined notice was issued by the Vicechancellor on the 25th
of November:—

Corn Market.

Cambridge, Nov. 25.

Whereas Complaints have been made, & great Inconveniences found, by
the Corn Market being so late in the Day, ^yhercby many persons are prevented
coming to the Market, & others are obliged to stay all night from home, at
a great expcnce : so that the quantity of corn, which otherwise might be brought
to be sold, is not brought to market ; which enhances the price of it to the
poor. I do therefore give this public Notice that on Saturday Dec. 3, the
Corn Market shall be opened, by the ringing of a bell at 11 o'Clock in the
forenoon, & continue till half an hour past one, & no longer. The same hours
on all Market days for the future are to be observed; of which all persons
concerned are desired to take notice.

John Hinciiliffe Vice Chancellor.(i)

On the 29th of November, Augustus Henry Fitzroy Duke of Graf-
ton (2) First Lord Commissioner of the Treasury, was unanimously
elected Chancellor of the University in the room of the Duke of
Newcastle, who died on the 7th of the same month.

17G9.

This year it was proposed to obtain an act for better paving,
cleansing, lighting, and watching the Town. The Duke of Grafton
Chancellor cf the University offered £500. towards the expence of

" was in that office, he was determined, notwithstanding great solicitation in behalf of
"the Physic Gai-den, which much wanted such a support, to build a Music lloom;
" tho' the present dissipation of the Students wanted no such public encouragement, ac-
" cordingly one day this week [I write this Saturday, Nov, 5, 1768] he, in order to put
" it out of his own power to -alter its Designation executed a Deed of Trust to Alder-
•' man Gilford & Mr. Merrill, consigning the money into their hands for this only pur-
"posc: his office determining yesterday, when Dr. Hinchliffe succeeded him, whom he
" thought might apply it to some more useful design. He had executed, the day before
" this Deed was completed, another in which Mr, Professor Watson of Trinity & others
" were nominated : but not thinking that secure enough, he cancelled it, & executed the
" other in which Messrs. Gilford & Merrill are named Trustees. So much was his heart
" devoted to this favourite scheme, that a week before he went out of Office & before
" the abovd Advertisement was published in the public papers, he had plans & prints of
" this Music Room engraved, one of which is before me : it is an oval building, with a
" flat roof, & 8 round windows in the upper stor; , with a plain portico of 4 pillars on
" one side of it ; & seems by the Ichnography to be well designed for the purpose of
" public performances. What success tliis infant project will have, I ca'nt foresee : I
" should think subscriptions will come in but slowly; & except it is a room worthy of
" such an University, better none at all. It is said that £2,0(10. will complete it; but
" then it wo'nt be perfect without an organ in it. The Earl of Sandwich subscribed the
" sum of £40. within a week of its first motion; tho' this was contradicted by his friends
" afterwards ; yet in the Cambridge Chronicle, of Nov. 26, was this article :

" The right hon. Edward Weston Esq. Executor to the late Mr. Titley, has given 10
" guineas towards building tlie Amphitheatre for Public Lectures & musical perform-
" ances : & the subscription, with Mr. Titley's Legacy, & the addition of some other
" names, now amounts to above £600." — MS. Cole, xxxiii. 467.

(1) Cambridge Chronicle, 20 Nov. 1708.

(2) The Duke of Grafton was educated at Peterhouse, and took th« degree of ALA,
when Earl of Euston, in 17o3. He succeeded to the Dukedom in 1757, was constituted
First Lord of the Treasury in August, 1766, and continued in that office till December,
1768. He was made a Knight of tlie Garter 20 September, 1769, and was Lord Privy Seal
from May, 1771, to November, 177-), and again from .March, 1732, to Ai>ail, 1783. He died
ou the inh of March, 1811.

VOL. IV. V Y

354 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1769

carrying such an act into execution, and Trinity Hall the like sum.
A petition from the Chancellor, Masters and Scholars, the Mayor,
Bailiffs and Burgesses, and certain inhabitants of the Town, praying
for leave to introduce such a bill, was presented to the House of
Commons on the 26th of January, and referred to a Committee.
The design met with so much opposition, that it was abandoned
in April.(i)

The following address from the University was presented to the
King, by Dr. Hinchliflfe Vicechancellor : —

To THE Kino's most excellent Majesty.
The humble Address of the Chancellor, Masters, and Scholars of the
University of Cambridge.

We your Majesty's most dutiful & loyal Subjects, the Chancellor, Masters,
& Scholars of your University of Cambridge, humbly beg leave to express the
grateful sense we have of your Majesty's constant and unwearied attention to
promote the happiness of all your people.

Fully convinced that this or any other Nation never enjoyed the invaluable
blessings of Civil & Religious liberty in a greater degree than what we ex-
perience under your Majesty's mild & most gracious Government; we cannot
but see, with concern and abhorrence, the evil designs of bad men, who, \mder
specious pretences of promoting the publick good, arc labouring to seduce the
ignorant & unwary from their duty, by infusing into their minds needless fears
& jealousies, as if the Constitution was in danger.

"We trust it ever has been our constant endeavour, & humbly entreat your
Majesty's favourable acceptance of our most faithful assurances, that it ever
shall be our particular care to instil into the rising Generation committed to
our charge, true principles of Religion & Loyalty, & such a sense of gratitude
for your Majesty's Royal protection of this seat of Learning, as will tend to
make them good Citizens & good Subjects, & fully to answer the ends of our
Institution.

To this testimony of our duty & fidelity, we shall add our unfeigned prayers
to the Throne of Grace, that it may please Almighty God long to preserve
your Majesty, the beloved Sovereign of an \inited, loyal, & affectionate People.

Given under our Common Seal this 17th Day of March, 1769.(2)

This address had been opposed by Mr. Jebb of Peterhouse, and
Mr. Tyson of Corpus Christi College.(3)

On the 19th of April, was tried in the Court of King's Bench at
Westminster an action brought by Joseph Thorpe B.D. fellow of
Catharine Hall, against John Paris and Edward Morley collectors of
the land tax for the parish of St. Benedict, for seizing a horse of
the plaintiffs in a stable belonging to the College erected on ground
formerly occupied by premises charged to rates and taxes, but which

(1) Cambridge Chronicle, 21 Jan., 28 Jan., 11 Feb., 4 March, 8 April, 1709; MS. Cole, xx.
90 b. ; Nichols, Literary Anecdotes of the Eighteenth Centijry, i. 583 ; Commons' Journals,
xxxii. 140, 331.

(2) London Gazette, 18 to 21 March, 17G9.

(3) Disney, Memoirs of Jebb, 24.

1769] GEORGE THE THIRD. 355

the plaiatiff contended was as part of the College exempted from
taxation. After a long trial, a verdict was returned for the de-
fendants.(i)

An act for repairing the roads from Tring through Dunstable,
Hitchin, Baldock, and Royston to Bourn Bridge, which received the
royal assent on the 1st of May, contains the following clause: —

And whereas Richard Crop Esquire is by virtue of a Lease granted to
him by the Mayor Bailiflfs and Burgesses of the Town of Cambridge in the
County of Cambridge entitled to a certain Bridge in the said County of Cam-
bridge called Whittlesford Bridge and to take and receive at the said Bridge
certain Tolls Customs and Commodities thereunto appertaining or in anywise
belonging except on Tuesday in every Week. Yielding and paying yearly and
every year to the said Mayor Bailiffs and Burgesses at the times in the said
Lease mentioned the Sura of five pounds five shillings and the said Richard
Crop is by virtue of the said Lease bound to repair and keep in repair the
said Bridge.

And whereas it is reasonable that satisfaction should be made to the
said Richard Crop his Executors Administrators and Assigns during the term
of such Lease for his Interest therein and afterwards to the said Mayor Bailiffs
and Burgesses for their Interest therein Be it therefore further enacted
That from and after any Toll Gate shall be erected by virtue of this Act at
or near Whittlesford Bridge aforesaid all Tolls Customs and Commodities now
payable at the said Bridge shall cease determine and be no longer paid during
the continuance of this Act. And from thenceforth the said Trustees or any
five or more of them shall pay or cause to be paid to the said Richard Crop
his Executors Administrators and Assigns during the Term of his Lease and
from and after the expiration thereof then to the said Mayor Bailiffs and Bur-
gesses and their Successors or to their Lessee or Lessees for the time being
out of the Tolls or duties to be taken at such Toll Gate the yearly sum of
five poimds five shillings and shall also from time to time keep the said Bridge
in repair.(2)

The Undergraduates had hitherto worn round caps or bonnets of
black cloth lined with black silk or canvass with a brim of black
velvet for the pensioners, and of prunella or silk for the sizars.
They however, in June this year, petitioned the Duke of Grafton the
Chancellor of the University, to obtain the consent of the government
to their adopting square caps, stating that they wished to attend his
Grace's approaching installation in a dress more decent and becoming,
and that the Heads of Houses were not averse to the change. The
Duke of Grafton having mentioned the matter at the Council Board,
intimated to the University that the square cap might be adopted
by the Undergraduates, as it accordingly was. " In this quiet way
" was a change made in a trifling matter which if it had happened

(1) Cambridge Chronicle, 23 April, 17G9.

(2) Stat. 8 & 9 Geo. III. sess. 2, c. 86. There is a like clause in the existing act relative to
the road from Roystou to Bourn Bridge, which received the royal assent 17th of May, 1833.

356 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1769

" in the days of Whitgift and Cartwright would have set the whole
" University in an uproar. "(U

The Duke of Grafton was on Saturday the 1st of July installed
as Chancellor of the University in the Senate House, where was
performed the following ode written by Thomas Gray Esq. LL.B.
Professor of Modern History, and set to music by John Randall
Mus. D., Professor of Music :--(2)

I. Air.
"Hence, avaunt, ('tis holy ground)
Coraus, and his midnight-crew,
And Ignorance with looks profound,
And dreaming Sloth of pallid hue,
Mad Sedition's cry profane,
Servitude that hugs her chain,
Nor in these consecrated bowers,
Lot painted Flatt'ry hide her serpent-train in flowers.

Chorus.
Nor Envy base, nor creeping Gain,
Dare the Muse's walk to stain.
While bright-eyed Science watches round :
Hence, away, 'tis holy ground!"

II. Recitative.
From yonder realms of empyrean day

Bursts on my ear th' indignant lay:
There sit the sainted sage, the bard divine,

The few, whom genius gave to shine
Thro' every unborn age, and undiscovered clime.

Rapt in celestial transport they:

Yet hither oft a glance from high

They send of tender sjTupathy
To bless the place, where on their opening soul

First the genuine ardour stole.

(1) Charles Farish, Toleration of Marriag'e, &c.; Nichols, Literary Anecdotes of tlic-
Eightcenth Century, i. 574 ; Hartshorne, Book Rarities of Univ. of Cambridg-e, 447 n.

MUTANTQUE ROTUNDA QUADRATIS.

Ye learn'd of every ag-e and climate yield.
And to illustrious Cambridge, quit the field.
What sage Professors never yet could teach,
Nor Archimedes, nor our Newton reach;
What ancients, and what modems, vainly soiight,
Cambridge, with ease, has both attain'd and taught:
This truth, e'en envy must herself allow,
For all her Scholars Square the Circle now.
—Cambridge Chronicle, 1 July, 1769.

(2) " After I had quitted the University, I always paid Mr. Gray an annual visit >'
" during one of these visits it was he determined, "as he said, to offer with a good grace
" what he could not have refused if it had been asked of him, viz. to write the Installa-
" tion Ode for the Duke of Grafton. This, however, he considered as a sort of task,
" to which he submitted with great reluctance; and it was long after he first mentioned
" it to me before he could prevail Avith himself to begin the composition. One morning,
" when I went to him as usual after breakfast, I knocked at his door, which he threw open,
"and exclaimed with a loud voice,

" Hence, avaunt ! 'tis holy ground."
" I was so astonished, that I almost feared he was out of his senses ; but this was the be-
" ginning of the Ode which he had just composed." — Nortou NichuUs, lleniiniscences of
Gray, (Gray's W^orks, cd. Mitford, v. bO.)

17G9] GEORGE THE THIRD. ;:.!"; 357

'Twas Milton struck the clcep-ton'd shell
And, as the choral warblings round him swell,
Meek Newton's self bends from his state sublime,
And nods his hoary head, and listens to the rhyme.

III. Am.
"Ye brown o'er-arching groves,

That contemplation loves,
Where willowy Camus lingers with delight!

Oft at the blush of dawn

I trod your level lawn,
Oft woo'd the gleam of Cynthia silver-bright
In cloisters dim, far from the haunts of Folly,
With Freedom by my side, and soft-eyed Melancholy."

IV. Recitative.
But hark! the portals sound, and pacing forth

With solemn steps and slow,
High potentates, and dames of royal birth.
And mitred fathers in long order go :
Great Edward,(l) with the lilies on his brow

From haughty Gallia torn,
And sad Chatillon,(2) on her bridal morn
That wept her bleeding Love, and princely Clare,(3)
And Anjou's heroine,(4) and the paler rose,
The rival of her crown and of her woes,(^))

And cither Henry there,(6)
The murder'd saint, and the majestic lord,

That broke the bonds of Rome.
(Their tears, their little triumphs o'er,
Their human passions now no more,
Save Charity, that glows beyond the tomb.)

Accompanied.

All that on Granta's fruitful plain

Rich streams of regal bounty pour'd,
And bad these awful fanes and turrets rise,
To hail their Fitzroy's festal morning come ;

And thus they speak in soft accord

The liquid language of the skies :

(1) Edward the Third, who added the fleur de lys of France to the arms of England. He
founded Trinity College.

(2) Mary de Valentia, Countess of Pembroke, daughter of Guy dc Chattilon, comte deSt.
Paul in France ; of whom tradition says, that her husband Audemar de Valentia, earl of
Pembroke, was slain at a tournament on the day of his nuptials. She was the foundress of
Pembroke CoUeg-c or Hall, under the name of Aula Maria; de Valentia.

(3) Elizabeth de Burg, Countess of Clare, was wife of John de Burg, son and heir of the
earl of Ulster, and daughter of Gilbert de Clare, earl of Gloucester, by Joan of Acres, daugh-
ter of Edward the First. Hence the poet gives her the epithet of princely. She founded
Clare Hall.

(4) Margaret of Anjou, wife of Henry the Sixth, foundress of Queens' College,

(5) Elizabeth Widvillc, wife of Edward the Fourth, hence cidled the paler rose, as being of
the house of York. She added to the foundation of Margai-et of Anjou.

(G) Henry the Sixth and Eighth. The former the founder of King's, the latter the greatest
benefactor to Trinity College.

358 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1769

v. QUAUTETTO.

" What is grandeur, what is power ?
Heavier toil, superior pain.
What the bright reward we gain ?
The grateful memory of the good.
Sweet is the breath of vernal shower,
The bee's collected treasures sweet,
Sweet music's melting fall, but sweeter jet
The still small voice of gratitude."

"VI. Recitative.
Foremost and leaning from her golden cloud
The venerable Marg'ret(l) see!
"Welcome, my noble son, (she cries aloud)
To tills, thy kindred train, and me:
Pleased in thy lineaments we trace
A Tudor's fire, a Beaufort's grace.(2)

Air.
Thy liberal heart, thy judging eye.
The flow'r unheeded shall descry,
And bid it round heav'n's altars shed
The fragrance of its blushing head :
Shall raise from earth the latent gem
To glitter on the diadem.

VII. Recitative.
" Lo! Granta waits to lead her blooming band,

Not obvious, not obtrusive, she
No vulgar praise, no venal incense flings ;

Nor dares with courtly tongue refin'd
Profane thy inborn royalty of mind :

She reveres herself and thee.
With modest pride to grace thy youthful brow,
The laureate wreath, that Cecil (3) wore, she brings,

And to thy just, thy gentle hand,

Submits the fasces of her sway.
While spirits blest above and men below
Join with glad voice the loud symphonious lay.

VIII. Grand Chorus.
" Thro' the wild waves as they roar.
With watchful eye and dauntless mien,

Thy steady course of honour keep,
Nor fear the rocks, nor seek the shore :
The star of Brunswick smiles serene,
And gilds the horrors of the deep."(4)

(1) Countess of Richmond and Derby ; the mother of Henry the Seventh, foundress of St.
John's and Christ's Colleges.

(2) The Countess was a Beatifort, and married to a Tudor: hence the application of this
line to the Duke of Grafton, who claims descent from both these families.

(3) Lord Treasurer Burghley %vas Chancellor of the University in the reign of Queen
Elizabeth.

(4) Gray's Works, cd. Mitford, i. 61.

1769] GEORGE THE THIRD. 359

The following letter from Richard Gougli Esq, to the Rev. Ben-
jamin Forstcr, M.A. gives an account of the proceedings at the

installation :(»)—

Cambridge, July 6, 1769.
Dear Forster,
Nothing can exceed the hurry and bustle of the proceedings here. The
Senate-house on Saturday Avas a scene of riot and mobbing. The doors were
ordered to be opened at ten, but there were such numbers waiting without,
that they rushed in at the door and windows in one body, without regard to
tickets. The Proctors cleared first the body of the house of all strangers,
and then endeavoured to clear the galleries of gentlemen ; but in vain. One
lady lost both her shoes ; Lady Griffin a diamond pin, for recovery of which
she paid twelve guineas. I followed the Chancellor's train, after several re-
pulses, and got a place pretty near the Orator. The Vice-Chancellor opened
the ceremony with a short compliment in English to the Chancellor, present-
ing his Patent of Installation, which was then read by the senior Proctor ;
and followed by another English compliment from the Vice-Chancellor. Then
the Orator made his harangue, which I do not pretend to have heard except
his concluding reflection on the factious spirit of the times. The Chancellor
replied in an extempore English speech in which he observed, that though
he had not the vanity to expect he should have been chosen to that office,
his experience of the University's attachment to his Sovereign, gave him hopes
that their choice would fall on one of his Majesty's servants; and that he
did not doubt but the best supporters of the constitution would be found in
the two Universities. The Speech he had prepared was not used. Indeed he
confessed he never was so fluttered. He was seated in the chair exactly at
twelve; and after the Orator's Speech, followed the Ode, well set and per-
formed, but charged with obscurity. This was over by one ; and the company
departed in better order than they entered. Next followed the dinner, in
Trinity College Hall, where were seven turtles and a number of haunches,
with plenty of Claret, Champagne, and Burgundy. There were five tables in
the hall; one in the lodge, and a fifth for the invalids, among whom the

(1) Extract from a letter from Mr. Gray to Eev. Norton NichoUs, dated rcmbroke Col-
leg-c, 24 June, 17C9:—

*• Odicle has been rehearsed again and again, and the boys have got scraps by heart;
" I expect to see it torn piece-meal in the North Briton before it is born ; the music
" is as good as the words ; the former might be taken for mine, and the latter for Dr.
" Randal's; if you will come, you shall see it and sing in it with Air. Norris, and Mr.
"Clarke, the clergyman, and Mr lU'inholt, and Miss 'I'homas, great names at Salisbury
" and OiOster music-meeting, and well versed in Judas-AJaccabaeus. Ur. Marriott is to
" have Lord Sandwich and the Attorney General at his lodge, not to mention foreign
*' ministers, who are to lie with Dr. llaliiax, or in the stables. Lord Nortli is at King's,
" Lord Weymouth at Mrs. Arbuthnot's, they talk of the D. of Bedford, who, (I su])-
" pose) has a bed in Kijig's Chapel, Tlie Archbishop is to beat Christ's; iSps. of Lon-
'* don, at Clare Hall; of Lincoln, at Dr. Goi'don's; of Chester, at Peter House; of J^'or-
" wich, at Jesus; of St. David's, at Cains; of Bangor, at tlte Dog and I'orridge-poi;
" Marq. of Granby, at Woodyer's. The Yorkes and Tovvnshends will not come, boulsby
" the tailor lets his room for eleven guineas the three days, Woodyer aforesaid, for fif-
" teen. Brotherton asks twenty. I have a bed over the way ottered me at three half-
" crowns a night, but it may be gone before you come. 1 believe all that are uidct will
" be cheap as the time approaches. I wish it were once over, and immediately I go for
*• a few days to London, and so (with Mr. Brown,) to Aston, though 1 fear it will rain
" the whole summer, and Skiddaw will be invisible and inaccessible to mortals. I forgot
*' to tell you, that on the Monday (after his Grace has breakfasted on a divinity-act)
" twelve noblemen and fellow-commoners are to settle his stomach with vcist-s made and
" repeated by themselves. Saturday next (you know) is the great day, and he goes away
'* on Monday after this repast." — Gray's Works, ed. IVIitfonl, v. 92.

360 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1769

Bishop of Lincoln (1) bears the pre-eminence. Though it was given out that
none but Grcmials should dine with the Chancellor, several strangers got in,
and no one's tickets were called for. I was not one of the guests, nor did
I assist at the Speeches delivered in Trinity Chapel, at seven that evening,
by Lord Richard Cavendish, Mr. Proby, and Mr. Montague, on the question,
whether the Conquerer came in by conquest or the consent of the people.
Lord R. C. took the first side, and, in the character of an old Baron, made
a long detail of the grievances of that reign, which some have endeavoured
to parrallel with modern ones. ' Acis and Galatea' at the Senate House, that
evening, was as much crowded as the morning business. On Sunday Drs.
Cowper and Proby preached ; the latter a most long-winded sermon, the former
better proportioned, but neither happy in their subjects. The Chancellor was
received in the morning by part of the Messiah and the overture to the
occasional Oratorio, and in the afternoon by an Hallelujah of Dr Howard's
whose Anthem was also performed to a crowded audience. The Duke's ex-
pences are laid at about £2000; and the University's, for repairs of the
theatre windows, at £30, not including those of St. Mary's. On Monday,
fourteen Noblemen, &c. were admitted to Doctors' degrees: Granby, Sand-
wich, Weymouth, Burghersh, North, Henley, Pigot, Sidney, Ward, Sir Alex-
ander Gilmour, Sir George Osborne, Hon. Henry Herbert, and others. Mr.
Grimston, Darner , and a third, A.M. Dr. Andrews, Provost of Dublin College,
ad eundem. There were speeches by Mr. Montague and Damer, and verses
by Cowper and Doughty, of Trinity Hall, and Grimston of Christ's, 'i'he
Chancellor went off from the Senate House in his robes at one, across the
country to Woburn. His person and address unpleasing and reserved. Three
crowded levees.

This morning I assisted at the consecration of your elegant chapel.(2) At
eleven the Bishop of London(3) entered at the head of the Master and Fellows,
repeating the form in Burn's Ecclesiastical Law. When the Consecration
Prayer, the Bishop of Ely's Commission, and the whole service of the day,
epistle and gospel by the Chaplain, were ended. Dr. Goddard preached half
an hour from Matthew 21, 13. on the duty of maintaining and keeping clean
such buildings ; after which the company was dismissed, and there was a com-
munion for the society, to be followed by a dinner, at three o'clock for ninety
persons. Heads, Professors, &c.

Yours truly,

R. G0UGH.(4)

This year, Garret Hostel Bridge was rebuilt at the joint charge of
the Corporation and Trinity Hall, under articles of agreement dated
the 14th of July, which contained a proviso that Trinity Hall
should not be charged with any future repairs, but that the bridge
should for ever thereafter be deemed to belong to the Corporation
and be repaired or rebuilt at their proper costs and charges only.l-'^)

(1) Dr. John Green.

(2) Clare Hall Chapel is here meant, but why it is called your eleg-ant chaiiel I know not,
as Mr. ]• orster was of Corpus Christi College. The old chapel of Clare Hall was pulled
down in 1763, and on the 2nd of May in that year, the first stone of the new chapel was laid
by Dr. Goddard the Master.

(3) llichard Terrick D.D. sometime fellow of Clare Hall.

(1) JN'ichols, Illustrations of the Literary Ilibtory of the Eisihteenth Century, v. 315.
(5) Corporation Coucher.

1771] GEORGE THE THIRD. 361

At the election of Vicechancellor, there were 52 votes for William
Richardson D.D. Master of Emmanuel College, and 23 for Roger
Long D.D. Master of Pembroke Hall.(i)

1770.

On the 23rd of March, there was an election of an Esquire Bedel,
in the room of Thomas Bennett of Queens' College deceased. The
candidates vrere John Beverley B.A. of Christ's College, -vvho polled
99 votes, and Richard Hey B.A.(2) of Sidney College, who polled 68
votes.(3)

On the 28th of September, the Duke of Grafton Chancellor of the
University and his Duchess arrived in Cambridge, and were eriter-
tained at Trinity College Lodge, by Dr. Hinchliffe Bishop of Peter-
borough the Master of that society. The next day, the Duke held
a levee and then proceeded to Great St. Mary's Church, where a ser-
mon was preached, it being Michaelmas Day. He was afterwards en-
tertained at dinner at Trinity College, and in the evening he and
the Duchess attended divine service in the College Chapel. On the
morning of Sunday, the 30th, his grace attended Great St. Mary's,
where a sermon was preached by Dr. Richardson Vicechancellor,
with whom his grace dined at Emmanuel Lodge, from whence in
the afternoon Ije and his Duchess set off for Euston.(4)

1771.

On the 4th of February, there was an election of a member of
parliament for the University, in the room of William De Grey
Esq.,(5) appointed Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas. The
candidates were Richard Croftes Esq.(6) of West Harling, in Norfolk,
M.A. of St. John's College, and William Wynne LL.D.a) fellow of
Trinity Hall. The votes were Croftes 76 ; Wynne 45.(8)

On Saturday, the 9th of February, the celebrated John Wilkes came
to Cambridge on his way to Lynn, to take up the freedom of that
town. On Sunday, the 10th, he dined at the Rose Tavern, and in
the evening went to hear the anthem at Trinity College Chapel.

(1) Mr. Hubbard's Look, (MS. Cole Li. 149.)

(2) Mr. Hey was nnaiiimously elected Esquire Bedel in tlac room of William Chafy M.A.
fellow of Sidney College, 16th of March, 1772.

(3) Cambridge Chronicle, 31 March, 1770.
(1) Ibid. 6 Oct. 1770.

(5) Afterwards Lord Walsingham.

(C) In Gage's Hist, of the Hundred of Thingoc Suflblk, p. 133, Mr. Ci-oftes is erroneously
stated to have been M.P. for the town of Cambridge.

(7) Afterwards a knight and Master of Triaitj Hall.

(8) Cambridge Chronicle, 9 Feb., 1/71.

362 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1771

On Monday, the 11th, he viewed the University Library, King's
College Chapel and other public buildings, being accompanied by
some gentlemen of the University. He left on Tuesday, the 12th,
for Upwell where he had an estate.(i)

On the 22nd of March, a grace was passed for defending at the
charge of the University, any suit which might be brought against
the Vicechancellor or officers of the University for the exercise of
their rights respecting suspected women.(2)

On the 11th of June, a grace that subscription to the 39 articles
should not be necessary as a qualification for any degree was pro-
posed but rejected by the Caput.C^)

At the County Midsummer Sessions, Mr. Agar and Mr. O'Meara
fellow commoners, who stood indicted for an assault on Thomas
Fletcher printer, at a public coffee house in Cambridge, on the 18th
of March, moved by their counsel to stay proceedings on the in-
dictment, alleging that the University ought to have the sole conu-
sance of the case. This motion was refused,(4) whereupon they pro-
duced a certiorari to remove the indictment into the Court of King's
Bench.(5)

Some excitement prevailed at the Commencement in consequence
of an organised opposition to John Home (afterwards Tooke) of
St. John's College, proceeding to his degree of M.A. The avowed
ground for this very unusual step was, that he had in his correspond-
ence with Mr. Wilkes spoken disrespectfully of the episcopal charac-
ter. The votes for his degree were Non-Regents : placets 21 ; non-
placets 9: Regents: placets 39; non-placets 11.(6)

On the 12th of October, his Serene Highness the Prince of Hesse
Darmstadt arrived at Cambridge. He lay at the White Bear, and the

(1) Cambridge Chronicle, 16 Feb. 1771.

(2) Stat. Acad. Cantab, p. 435.

(3) Jebb's Works, i.202 n. 207 n.

(4) It seems from the following vote that an unsuccessful attempt had been made to quash
this indictment at the Easter Sessions :—

April i6th, 1771—" It is this day unanimously agreed and ordered by the Common Council
" in Public Hall assembled that the Thanks of thai Court be given to James Burleigh
" Esquire the Mayor of the said Burrough William Howell Ewin LL.D. and John Dragc
" Esquire three of his Majesty's Justices of the Peace for the County of Cambridge for their
" upright behaviour at the last County Sessions in supporting the Laws of the Land and the
*' Rights and priviledges of this County and Burrough in particular against some arbitrary
" and unconstitutional proceedings in attempting to get an Indictment quashed which w;as
•' preferred at the said Sessions against Two Fellow Commoners of the University for a vio-
" lent assault committed on Mr. Thomas Fletcher of this Town printer under a pretence
•• that no Members of the University wore amenable in any of the King's Courts Avhatsoever
"(Except in the Court of the University of Cambridge) unless in the case of Felony and
•' Murder. And the Town Clerk is directed by the Body of the Common Council to testify
•' their most gratefuU thanks to them by Letter for their Publick Spirit and conduct on
*' that occasion."— Corporation Common Day Book.

(5) Sir James Burrow's Reports, v. 2821. See under 1772.
(G) London Newspaper; See Mcadlcy's Memoirs of Paley, 65.

1771] GEORGE THE THIRD. 363

next morning (Sunday) breakfasted with Dr. Ilinchliffe Bishop of
Peterborough. Having attended divine service at Great St. Mary's,
he viewed King's College Chapel and the public buildings of the Uni-
versity, and left Cambridge before dinner.(i)

On the 6th of December, a grace was offered to the Senate by
Robert Tyrwhitt M.A. fellow of Jesus College, for exempting Bache-
lors of Arts from subscription to the 39 Articles. This grace was
rejected by the Caput.(2)

On the 31st of December, the following petition signed by a nu-
merous body of Undergraduates, was presented to the Vicechancellor
by Charles Crawford Esq. fellow-commoner of Queen's College : —

To THE VICE CHANCELLOR AND SENATE OF THE UNIVERSITY OP CAMBRIDGE ;

The HUMBLE PETITION of certain undergraduates in the said uni-
versity,
Sheweth,

That your petitioners apprehend themselves, in consequence of engagements
entered into with the university at the time of their admission or matriculation,
to be under an obligation of devoting their attention to that course of studies,
which is recommended to them by their superiors: that they are expected to
employ themselves in the pursuit of natural and metaphysical knowledge ; to
improve themselves in moral philosophy, and to acquaint themselves with the
sentiments and language of those authors, who, in their time, were esteemed
the greatest ornaments of Greece and Rome : that, in consequence of this mul-
tiplicity of academical engagements, they have neither the leisure nor the
opportunity of inquiring into the abstruser points of theology ; that they never-
theless find themselves under a necessity of declaring their unfeigned assent
to a set of theological propositions, usually called " the thirty-nine articles of
religion," apparently of high argument and great importance ; or of subjecting
themselves to a repulse in their petition for a degree, which they have endea-
voured to qualify themselves for, with much trouble, and at no little expence.

YouK petitioners, therefore, intreat, if such indulgence can be granted
to them without infringement of the university statutes, that they may be
released from the necessity of testifying their assent to the aforesaid propo-
sitions; or, that such timely assistance may be afforded in their respective
colleges, as will enable your petitioners to satisfy their consciences in sub-
scribing them.

And your petitioners shall ever pray, &c.(3)

(1) Cambridge Chronicle, 19 Oct. 1771.

(2) General Evening Post, 7 Dec. 1771.

(3) Jebb's Works, i. 208 n.

Oa the 16th of January, 1772, Mr. Crawford went to the Vicechancellor to request au
answer to the above Petition; he addressed him ia these terms: —
" Mr. vice-chancellor,

" I wait upon you again concerning the petition of the undergraduates, and would
" beg to be indulged with a few moments hearing. We have received as yet no direct
" answer to our petition, which, with great submission, we think deserves one. It has
" been intimated to us, however, that it is thought improper to grant us our request
*' at this time, lest those in authority ia the university should be said to favour the
" petition of the clergy. We have beea told that after that is presented to parliament
" we may expect relief. Our petitioa we think to be quite independent of tlic petition
"of the clergy. We beg that our subscriptioa to the articles may be dispensed with,
"not because we object to any of them, but because we have not had an opportunity to

364 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1772

1772.

The University having claimed conusance of an indictment found
at the County Sessions against Mr. Agar and Mr. O'Meara, for
an assault on Thomas Fletcher, which indictment was removed into
the King's Bench by certiorari,(l) the claim was argued in Hilary
Term this year, and on the 3rd of February the Court of King's
Bench decided that conusance could not be allowed, although claimed
at the return of the certiorari, as it might have been claimed at
the Midsummer Sessions, at which the defendants were under re-
cognizances to plead.(2)

On the 6th of February, Sir William Meredith offered to the House
of Commons a petition of certain of the Clergy and of the profes-
sions of Civil Law and Physic, complaining of the subscription re-
quired to the 39 Articles, especially in the Universities. The House
by 217 against 71 refused to allow the petition to be brought up.
In the debate, Mr. Fitzmaurice who opposed the petition said, " As
" to the Universities I believe they have a power to remedy any
'''defect of this nature, which there may be in their constitution,
" and I am persuaded that upon proper application they will be
" ready to undertake so desirable a work." Mr. Charles Jenkinson(3)
another opponent of the petition observed, "the subscription re-
" quired from the young students at the Universities, upon ma-
" triculation, seems to have struck the House as the most forcible
" argument for taking this petition into consideration. But let me
" ask have the Universities been properly solicited to grant relief
" in this case ? I conceive not ;(4) because if they had, they would
" in all probability have rectified the abuse. It is said, indeed,
" that they do not possess the power ; but it is said without any
" authority. The university of Oxford has lately altered its constitu-
" tion in a much more essential article : it has made a new regu-
" lation in the qualification necessary to entitle a man to a vote

" study them. You must consider, Sir, that there are some who have subscribed their
" names, who are to take their degrees in a few days ; they therefore claim an imrae-
" diate relief. The most zealous advocates for the church will not impute to you a de-
" sertion of its cavise, by granting our request; for all mankind, with one voice, cry
*' out against the imposition we speak of as absurd and illegal, which an arbitrary Stuart,
" in the wantonness of his power, had pleased to establish in the university. ' What
" answer, SLi", shall I carry back to the rest of the subscribers ?' The vice-chancellor
" then said, that ' there were many names erased in the petition, that some others were
'* also Avilling to erase theirs, and that he had not power to grant the petition.' " — Jebb's
Works, i. 210 n.

(1) Vide ante, p. 362.

(2) Sir James Burrow's Reports, v. 2820.

(3) Afterwards the first Earl of Liverpool.

(4) Sed vide ante, pp. 362, 363.

1772] GEORGE THE THIRD. 365

•' in cliusing members cf parliament. Having allowed them the
" power of altering their laws in the greater point, how can they
" deny it them in the less ? Suffer themselves then to rectify this
" matter, they have the power and I hope the will ; when they
<' fail, it will be time enough for you to take the point into con-
" sideration." Mr. Charles Fox who likewise voted against receiv-
ing the petition, remarked, "The Articles savoured of Christian
" charity but taught such mysteries as ought not to be forced down
*' the throats of young persons : that in Oxford, where the oaths
" of supremacy and allegiance could not be administered before the
" age of sixteen, an assent to the Articles was required by statute
" however young the person was admitted ; that he hoped the uni-
" versities would, as he found they could, relieve in that particular."
Dr. George Hay another of the majority said "that the subscription
" to the articles at matriculation in the universities was improper,
" and he hoped would be remedied, but not by the interference
*' of parliament, if the universities could do it themselves. "d)
The following grace passed the Senate on the 28th of February: —

Cum qusestio dudum orta sit utrum academioD (si e re sua visum fuerit) jus
competit legem abrogandi qua singuli qui gradum aliquera scholasticum petunt
nomine subscripto articulos fidei comprobare tenentur

Placeat vobis ut dominus procancellarius, Dr. EUiston, Dr. Waring, Magis-
ter Hughes, Magister Tyrwhitt, Magister Whisson, Magister Farmer, Magister
Postlethwayte, Magister Arnald, vel eorum quinque quorum semper unus sit
dominus procancellarius syndici vestri ad banc quaestionem eruendam consti-
tuantur : ut proindc omnimodas chartas vcstras et acta publica inspiciendi
jurisconsultos adeundi expensasque congruas e cista vestra communi erogandi
liberam habeant potestatem: ita ut vos demum certiores facti quid de hac re
compererint publicis vestris suffragiis id quod melius expedire videbitur sta-
tuatis.(2)

On an application to the King's Bench in Easter Term, for a
quo warranto against Edward Gregory M.A. to shew title to his
fellowship at Trinity Hall, an objection was taken to the juris-
diction of the Court. Lord Mansfield, however, held that as the
founder had appointed no visitor and left no heirs the power of
visiting that College devolved to the Crown, to be exercised in
the King's Bench.(3) This decision was denied to be law in a case
relating to Catharine Hall in Easter Term 1791.(4)

This year, an act of Parliament was passed for repairing and
widening the road from the west end of St. Ives lane in the town

(1) Cobbett's Parliamentary History, xvii. 21G, Viilc Mcaillcy's Memoirs of P.ilcy, 88.

(2) Stat. Acad. Cantab, p. 435.

(3) Durnford & Easti llcportj, iv. 210 n.

(4) Ibid. 213.

GEORGE THE THIRD. [1773

of St. Neots to the pavement at the end of Bell lane in the town
of Cartibridge.CD

On the 23rd of June, a grace was passed that Bachelors of Arts
instead of the three articles in the canon,(2) should subscribe this de-
claration, " I A. B. do declare that I am bona fide a member of
the church of England as by law established."(3)

At a Common Day held on the 23rd of June, the Corporation
appointed a Committee to take proceedings against certain members
of the University, who had on the preceding day insulted the Mayor
and Corporation whilst going in procession to proclaim Midsummer
fair. The parties implicated apologised for their misconduct.(^)

On the 25th of September, there was a violent storm. Bailey's
large music booth (5) in Sturbridge fair was entirely blown down,
and many other booths there were much injured.(6)

On the 22d of October, there was an election of two coroners for
the county in the room of Richard York and William Mott deceased.
The candidates were James Day, Charles Martindalc and Robert
White. There was a considerable majority for Mr. Day and Mr.
Martindale.(7)

This year, an ineffectual attempt was made to nominate Stephen
Whisson, B.D. fellow of Trinity College and librarian of the Uni-
versity, as Vicechancellor. It seems that the Doctors who were not
heads of Colleges claimed under the grace of 1580(s) to nominate for
the office.O)

1773.

On the 23rd of February, Sir William Meredith moved the House
of Commons to resolve itself into a committee of the whole House

(1) Stat. 12 Geo. III. c. 90.

(2) Vide Vol. iii. p. 9.

(3) Stat. Acad. Cantab, p. 436.

(4) July 9, 1772— "This day Edward Finch Hatton of Christ's College in the Univer-
*' sity of Cambridge and Edwards Okeover of Emmanuel Coll. in the said University ap-
♦' peared in the publick Hall and acknowledged their offence in Insulting the Mayor and
"Corporation on Monday the Twenty second day of June last and did ask Pardon for
" the same." — Corporation Common Day Book.

January 25th, 1773 — "This day Morgan Davis Gentleman Fellow Commoner of Christ
" College in the University of Cambridge appeared in the Publick Hall accompanied by
*' the Eeverend Mr. Paley his Tutor and acknowledgetl his offence in Insulting the
" Mayor and Corporation on the Twenty second day of June last in their procession to
" proclaim Midsummer fair and did ask pardon for the same." — Corporation Common
Day Book.

(5) This year we read of Stevens's theatrical booth in the cheese fair at Sturbridge,
On the 25th of September, the performances were, the Clandestine Marriage and Midas ;
on the 26th the West Indian and the Padlock ; and on the 2d of October, Douglas and
the Mayor of Garrat.

(6) Cambridge Chronicle, 26 Sept. 1772.

(7) Ibid. 24 Oct. 1772.

(8) Vide Vol. ii. p. 373—379.

(9) M8. Cole, s-lv. 299; Monk, Life of Bcntley, i. 33G n.

1773] GEORGE THE THIRD. 367

to consider of the subscription to the 39 articles of the Church
of England, or any other test then required of persons in either
of the two Universities. The motion that the Speaker leave the
chair was supported also by Mr. Dovvdeswell, Mr. Grey, Mr. Charles
Fox, Mr. F. Montagu, Sir Richard Sutton, and a member whose
name is not given. It was opposed by Sir Roger Newdigate, Mr.
Welbore Ellis, Mr. Cornwall, Mr. Charles Jenkinson,(i) Sir William
Dolben and Lord North. Mr. Rose Fuller also addressed the House
on the question, but from the report of his speech it is not pos-
sible to say which side he espoused. Mr. Thomas Townshend pro-
fessed neutrality, a situation in which he observed he was not
accustomed to stand. The motion was lost by 159 against 67.(2)

On the 8th of May, John Jebb M.A. fellow of Peterhouse, offered
a grace for establishing annual examinations of the Undergraduates
on a plan to be sanctioned by a Syndicate. This was rejected by the
Caput. On the 12th, he offered in succession three other graces for
the same purpose (each differing from the other as to the appoint-
ment of the Syndicate). They were also rejected by the Caput.(3)

An act for better regulating the assize and making of bread which
passed this year, contains a clause that it should not prejudice the
ancient right or custom of the two Universities of Oxford and Cam-
bridge or either of them, or of their or either of their Clerks of the
Market, or the practice within the several jurisdictions of the said
Universities or cither of them used to set, ascertain, and appoint
the assize and weight of all sorts of bread to be sold or exposed
to sale within their several jurisdictions.(^)

The highway act of this year contains a clause empowering the
Justices of the Peace in their sessions to inquire as to the value
of lands given for the maintenance of causeways, pavements, high-
ways, and bridges, and the employment of the rents and profits
thereof (except such lands given for the uses aforesaid to any
College or Hall in either of the Universities which have Visitors
of their own). (5)

On the 5th of July, the following grace, proposed by the Vicechan-

cellor, passed the Senate without opposition : —

Cum rcipublicse nostrse nonnuUis intcrcssc videatur publicum quotannis totius
juventutis acadcniia? cxamen institui idquc ipsi publico nos ot obnixc cxpoa-
cant et cfflagitcnt

(1) Afterwards the first Earl of Liverpool.

(2) Cobbett's Parliamentary History, xvii. 742.

(3) Disney, Memoirs of Jebb, 48 ; Jcbb's Works, ii. 319.

(4) Stat. 13 Geo. HI. c. 62, s. 17.

(5) Stat. 13Geo. III. C.78, s. 51.

368 GEORGE THE THIRD [1773

Ne rem tam speciosam aut neglectui prorsus habuisse ant tarn novam tan-
tique momenti temere nimis et inconsulto arripuisse academia) vitio vertatur

Placeat vobis ut omnes collegiorum omnium prsefecti tres professores
rcgii in tlieologia jure civili et medicina seniores duo e collegiis sanctaj
Trinitatis et divi Johannis tutores et senior quisque ex omni alio coUegio
tutor sint sjoidici vestri qui convocante domino procancellario conveniant
collatisque inter se consiliis deliberent et dijudiccnt

An fieri omnino possit ut istuismodi examinationes publico commode habe-
antur.

An ut habeantur expediat.

Quo modo quo loco quo tempore quibus prsesidibus quibus examinantibus
commodissime et ad uberrimum in bonis omnibus litcris profectum utilissime
haberi possint.

Quicquid deniquc iis vel procancellario et majori eorum parti visum fuerit
in scripta digestum referant et die primo januarii proxime inscquentis apud
procancellarium deponant cum ipso protinus cancellario communicandum ves-
trisque ita demum suffragiis legitime atque or dine sanciendum.(l)

On the 6tli of July, Ebenezer Hollick, Esq. of Wliittlesford, by
virtue of letters of administration, took possession of the house
and effects of the late William Linkcon, Grocer on the Market Hill ;
♦' soon after which Mr. Martindale as Attorney for the next of kin,
" Mr. Truelove, who it appears had applied to administer but was
" prevented by a caveat being lodged, also took possession of the
" house. This contest quickly spread an alarm, and about nine
" o'clock a large mob assembled before the house, and behaved
" in the most outrageous manner ; they broke all the windows in
" front, tore down the window shutters, left the shop open to the
" street, and threatened to pull the house to the ground, when luckily
" about 12 o'clock, two Magistrates, attended by the High and
" Chief Constable, interposed, and after expostulating with them
" for some time, the multitude dispersed for that night without doing
" any further mischief. The next night a much larger mob gathered
" together and made a fresh attack upon the house which they
"continued with great fury till 11 o'clock seemingly determined
" to destroy it, when the Mayor, accompanied by several other
" Justices, and all the Constables, came on the Market Hill, and
" read the riot act, which had the desired clTect ; for before the
" hour was expired, the people were all dispersed, and every thing
" remained quiet the whole night." Certain persons found active
upon this occasion were at the next assizes indicted for a riot.(2)

The Small Bridge was rebuilt this year by the Corporation.(3)

(1) Stat. Acad. Cantab, p. 43G ; Disney, Memoirs of Jcbb, 51 ; Jcbb's Works, ii. 324.

(2) Cambridge Chronicle, 10 July, 9A July, 1773.
(?>) Ibid. 16 Oct. 1773.

1773] GEORGE THE THIRD. 3||9

The Syndicate appointed by the grace of the Hh. of July met on
the 21st of October and decided by 14 to 9, against the proposed
annual examination of the Undergraduates.(i)

On the 20th of November, a grace was passed that "pro hac
vice "(2) the election of a Professor of Chemistry should be "secun-
dum morem in Electione Burgensium receptum."(3)

In November, John Wilgress M.A. fellow of Pembroke Hall one
of the Proctors, preached at Great St. Mary's what a contempo-
rary has termed "a most papistical sermon." He adds, "The
" young men were offended at him, for his behaviour as proc-
" tor, and therefore scraped him. When the sermon was over,
" the vice-chancellor, called to the proctors, to take the names of
" all the gentlemen in one of the galleries. On this, there was a
*' general hiss, and many rushed out before the door could be se-
" cured. At length, the bishop of Peterborough, the two proctors,
" and the vice-chancellor, arrived at the foot of the stair-case. The
" young men made a push, and broke the door off its hinges, and
" multitudes escaped. The names of the rest were taken, and a
" meeting of the heads followed ; but as all were guiltj^, all escaped
" unpunished. "(4)

On the 29th of November, there was an election for the rectory
of Birlingham in Norfolk, between John Panchen B.A. of Corpus
Christ! College, and Thomas Boyes M.A. fellow of Clare Hall. The
votes were Panchen 64; Boyes 54.(5)

On the 15th of December, took place the long expected election
of a Professor of Chemistry (which office had been vacant above two
years by the resignation of Dr. Richard Watson appointed Regius
Professor of Divinity). The only candidates were Isaac Pennington
M.A.(C) fellow of St. John's College one of the Physicians of Adden-
brooke's Hospital and William Hodson M.A. fellow of Trinity Col-
lege. The votes were Pennington 148; Hodson 128.(7)

On the 15th of December, a grace was proposed by Mr. J ebb for
the reconsideration of the subject of annual examinations, on account
of alleged informalities in the proceedings of the Syndicate appointed

(1) Jebb's Works, ii. 326,

(2) See under 1793,

(3) Gunning-, Ceremonies of Univ. of Camb. 268. A grace to the like effect bad been re-
jected 1 1th of June, 1772. (Cambridge Chronicle, 13 June, 1772.) There were then five
candidates, thoug-h it will be seen that two only ultimately went to the poll.

(4) Disney, Memoirs of J ebb, 57.

(5) Cambridge Chronicle, 4 Dec. 1773.

(6) Afterwards a knight, Regius Professor of Physic, 1793 — 1817.

(7) Cambridge Chronicle, 18 Dec. 1773.

VOL. IV. O A

370 GEORGE THE THIRD. I[iy74

on the 5th of July. The grace was rejected in the Non-Regent House :
non-placets, 67; placets, 38.(i)

1774.

On the 17th of February, the following grace proposed by Mr.
Jebb was carried : —

Cum plurimis in ore sit literas humaniores atque ipsa mathesews et philso-
phiae naturalis elementa pene inculta jacere juvenum animis vel socordia tor-
pentibus vel in quseciinque recondita quaecunque sublimia impetu quodam
fervido ruentibus

Placeat vobis ut dominns procancellarius. Dr. Cooke, Dr. Plumptre coUegii
Reginalis, Dr. Barnardiston, Dr. "Watson, Dr. Hallifax, Dr. Waring, Mr. Beadon,
Mr. Collier, Mr. Lambert, Mr. Wilgress, Mr. Dealtery, Mr, Longmire, Mr.
Johannes Hey, Mr. Farmer, Mr. Gould, Mr. Gardnar, Mr. Paley, Mr, Squire,
Mr, Arnald et Mr. Pearce sint syndic! vestri qui convocante domino procancel-
lario conveniant coUatisque inter se consiliis deliberent et dijudicent quonam
potissimum modo hisce malis ingravescentibus nobis obviam sit eundum et ut
eorundem placitum in scripta digestum majoris partis totius numeri syndioorum
nominibus subscriptis ante diem decimam sextam aprilis proximo insequentis
in senaculo vestro publicetur : ita tamen ut quicquid iis visum fuerit minime
statuti vim habeat nisi postea vestris suffragiis comprobetur.(2)

On the 28th of February, the Duke of Grafton Chancellor of the
University arrived at Trinity College Lodge where he was waited
upon by the Vicechancellor and Heads. The next morning (1st of
March) the Duke held a levee, dined with the Bishop of Peterbo-
rough, and supped with Dr. Thomas Dean of Ely at Christ's College.
On the 2d of March, he dined with Dr. Caryl Vicechancellor at Jesus
Lodge, and that evening set out for Euston. The Chancellor had
intended to decide certain appeals at Clare Hall, but a compromise
was effected before his arrival.(3)

On the 1st of March, died Sir William Browne Knt. M.D. Presi-
dent of the College of Physicians, and sometime of Peterhouse. By
his will and a codicil thereto, he gave to the University £21. a year
for founding a classical scholarship, and directed that three gold
medals of the value of five guineas each should be annually given to
undergraduates for the best Latin ode, the best Greek ode, and the
best Epigrams, one in Greek after the model of the Anthologia, and
the other in Latin after the model of Martial.(4)

(1) Cambridge Chronicle, 18 Dec 1773 ; Jebb's Works, ii. 32S.

(2) Stat. Acad. Cantab, p. 437 ; Disney, Memoirs of Jebb/.VJ.

(3) Cambridge Chronicle, 5 March, 1774.

(4) Gunning, Ceremonies of the Univ. of Cambridge, 340, 378.

1774] GEORGE THE THIRD. 37 J

The syndicate appointed by the grace of the 17th of February,
agreed to nineteen resohitions, having for their object the establish-
ment of annual examinations of the undergraduates. These resolu-
tions were read in the senate on the 1st of April, and on the 19th,
were proposed in three divisions. They were all rejected in the Non-
Regent House. For the first six resolutions, non-placets, 47; placets,
43. For the 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, and 11th resolutions, non-placets,
48; placets, 41. For the remaining eight resolutions, non-placets, 49 ;
placets, 38.(i) On the 20th of April, a grace containing the sub-
stance of the two first resolutions only was proposed and rejected in
the Non-Regent House : non-placets, 44 ; placets 37.(^)

The late annual examination syndicate met on the 26th of April,
in the Public Library, at the summons of the Vicechancellor, " when
" a letter was read to them from the Duke of Grafton, Chancellor
" of the University, in which his Grace declared, in the most honour-
" able terms, his approbation of their conduct, lamented that the
" plan they had proposed was not confirmed by the sanction of the
" Senate, but expressed his hopes that a measure, which would raise
"this University to a pre-eminence above every other seat of litera-
" ture, would upon some future opportunity meet with the full con-
" currence of the members."(3)

On the 27th of May, the Cambridgeshire Militia under the com-
mand of their colonel. Lord Montfort, made an attack with fixed
bayonets upon the scholars, several of whom were wounded. Similar
scenes took place the next day. To prevent such collisions, the
militia were next year removed to Wisbech, Ely, March, Downhara,
and Littleport.('t)

Philip Gardener M.A. bursar of Catharine Hall, appealed to the
Town Sessions, against a poor rate for the parish of St. Botolph,
wherein he was rated on behalf of the College. The rate was
amended by assessing the Master and Fellows for an addition to the
college court and an ornamental area in front of the college, and for the
houses occupied by the college butler and porter, and Dr. Prescott the
Master for part of his garden. A special case was granted for the
opinion of the Court of King's Bench, from which it appears that the
property assessed occupied the site of two houses belonging to the Col-
lege, and other houses acquired by them about 1754 and 1755. On the

(1) Disney, Memoirs of J ebb, 64; Anecdotes of the Life of Richard Watson Bishop of
Landaff, 2nd edit. i. 47.

(2) Cambridge Chronicle, 23 April, 1774.

(3) Ibid, 30 April, 1774.-

(4) MS.Bowtcll.iii. 713.

372 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1774

argument of this case, on the 6th of June in this year, the counsel
for the parish gave up the assessment on the butler's and porter's
houses, they and not the College being the occupiers. The residue
of the assessment was confirmed by the Court.(i)

At the Summer Assizes, Stephen Fovargue B.D. sometime fellow
of St. John's College was tried for the manslaughter of his gyp
Thomas Goode, who died on the 6th of February 1770. Mr. Fovargue
was acquitted.(2)

On the 16th of August, William Weales was elected Mayor; a
letter from him declining to serve was then read, and it was pro-
posed that his fine for refusing the office should be mitigated to 35. 4f?.
The further consideration of this proposal was adjourned to the 20th,
when Mr. Weales attended at the Guildhall and offered to take the
oath of Mayor elect. The Mayor, however, ordered the electors to
proceed to a fresh choice, which they refused to do. Other electors
were then appointed, who chose John Newling as Mayor. He took
the office upon him, but was ousted on a quo warranto information
in Trinity Term, 1775.(3)

On the 5th of September, the Corporation made a bye law that
no one should be elected commoncouncilman, bailiff, treasurer, or
coroner who had resided out of the precincts of the Town during
the six months next before such election.(4)

At the general election, there was a contest for the representation of
the Town, the candidates being the two old members, Soame Jenyns
Esq. and the Hon. Charles Sloane Cadogan, and Thomas Plumer
Byde Esq. and Samuel Meeke Esq. The poll was taken on the 8th
of October, when the votes were Jenyns 92 ; Cadogan 89 ; Byde 63 ;
Meeke 60.

(1) Cowper's Reports, 79; Town Sessions Book.

(2) Goode had the care of Mr. FovargTie's horse. In January, 1770, Mr. Fovargue
horsewhipped him and kicked him. He shortly afterwards had a fever. On his death
bed he declared that he died of the injuries he had received from Mr. Fovargue, and
the coroner's inquest returned a verdict of manslaughter, although Dr. Plumptre, and
Messrs. Hayles and Thackeray surgeons, who made a post-mortem examination, were of
opinion death arose from a fever brought on by excessive drinking. Mr. Fovargue how-
ever absconded, " being apprehensive of a Cambridge Jury from his known ill character,"
he went to Paris, and " was forced to submit to play a common violin to Strollers & re-
duced to the utmost misery & distress." He was outlawed and his fellowship declared
vacant. Kather than starve he returned to Cambridge, in Februarj', 1774, and surrendered
himself to the Vicechancellor, who sent him to the Mayor, by whom he was committed
to the Castle, but being an outlaw he could not be tried at the Lent Assizes. " He
" came to Cambridge in long dirty ruffles, his hair tied up with a piece of packthread & in
*' a Sailor's jacket & yellow trowsers." He was a dissipated character and partially insane.
He had published in "l 767, in 8vo. "A new Catalogue of Vulgar Errors." He died in or
soon after 1775, in London.— Cole, Athena Cantabrigienses ; Cambridge Chronicle, 10 Feb.
1770.

(3) Corporation Common Day Book.

(4) Corporation Common Day Book. This bye-law appears to have been occasioned by the
election of Joseph Martin and Jolin Greening Esquires non-resident freemen as treasurers
for this year.

1774] GEORGE THE THIRD. 373

Previous to the poll, Alderman Tunwell moved that the candi-
dates should be requested to subscribe the following declaration : —

Town-Hall, Cambridge, 8th Oct. 1774,

We whose names are hereunto subscribed, do severally most solemnly promise
and engage ourselves to our constituents, if we have the honour of being chosen
to represent this borough in Parliament, that we will endeavour, to the utmost
of our power, to promote and procure, and having procured to maintain acts of
the legislature,— For establishing a more fair and equal representation of the
people in Parliament,— For securing an enlarged toleration to Protestant Dis-
senters of every denomination and persuasion, — For restoring to our fellow-sub-
jects in America the essential right of taxation by representatives of their o\vn
free election,— For repealing the four late iniquitous acts respecting America,
viz. the Quebec act, establishing Popery and the arbitrary system of the French
Canadian laws in that extensive province ; the Boston port act ; the act for
altering the charter of the province of Massachusetts bay ; and the act for the
trial in Europe of persons accused of criminal offences in America. That we will
to the utmost of our power promote such further acts as we in our consciences
shall be persuaded have a tendency to strengthen the civil and religious liberties
of the people of these kingdoms. And lastly, we do also solemnly promise and
engage, that we will give due attendance in Parliament during the time of its
session, and that we will not either accept or hold, from the Crown or its
Ministers, any place or pension.

" This measure was vehemently opposed by the friends of the old
" members, and as strongly supported by those of the new candi-
" dates, who at length carried the question, and Mr. Byde and Mr.
^' Meeke signed the declaration.

" After the declaration [of the poll] was made known, the mob
" became exceedingly furious ; discontent seemed to be diffused, and
" a general uproar followed. The friends of the successful candidates
" were received with hissings, groans, and many other marks of dis-
" approbation. A load of beer soon after appeared on the market-
" hill, when the populace, understanding it was sent in the interest
" of Cadogan and Jenyns, immediately seized it, broke the casks, let
" the beer into the kennels, and, as the members with their friends
" were returning from the shire-hall to the Rose inn, under the pro-
" tection of the constables and their assistants, pelted them with the
" staves of the barrels, &:c. and burnt the carriage which brought the
" beer. Two loads of beer afterwards appeared on the hill from the
" friends of Byde and Meeke, which were received with loud huzzas
" and soon drank up. A dumb peal was rung at St. Mary's church.
" The populace continued exceedingly riotous, and at night broke the
" Mayor's windows, the windows of the Rose inn, and several others
"in the town; however by twelve o'clock the mob was entirely
" dispersed and every thing remained perfectly quiet."(i)

(1) Cambridge Chronicle, 15 Oct. 177-1; MS. Cole, xxii. 98 b. 'J9, 183 b,; xli. 230— 237; xlv.
442—447.

374 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1775

Omai a native of Ulietea(i) visited Cambridge this year. He ap-
peared in the English military uniform, with his hair dressed and
tied behind. " Some one offered him a pinch of snuff, which he po-
<' litely declined, saying, that his nose was not hungry. The doctors
" & professors in their robes struck him wonderfully. "(2)

On the 28th of October, the votes of the Senate were taken
on twenty propositions of Mr. Jebb embodied in as many graces
for an annual examination of the Undergraduates. The first grace
was lost by one vote in the Non-Regent House, the non-placets
being 39, and the placets 38. The other nineteen graces were
then rejected without a division.(3)

On the 6th of November died Peter Spendelow Lamborn engraver
of this Town. (4) Amongst other works he published four large and
as many smaller engravings of public buildings in the University
and an etching of Oliver Cromwell from the picture at Sidney College.

1775.
The Universities of Cambridge and Oxford, and the Company of
Stationers, London, had for nearly two centuries enjoyed the exclu-
sive privilege of printing almanacks, but each University leased its
privilege to the Company for upwards of j£500. a year. However, in
Easter Term this year, the Court of Common Pleas decided in a
case between the Stationers' Company and Thomas Carnan, that the
right of printing almanacks was a common law right over which
the Crown had no controul, and the Stationers' Company there-
upon discontinued their payments to the Universities.(5)

On the 22d of May, the royal assent was given to the follow-
ing Act: —

An Act for enabling the two Universities in England, the four Uni-
versities in Scotland and the several Colleges of Eton, "West-
minster, and Winchester, to hold in Perpetuity their Copy Right
in Books, given or bequeathed to the said Universities and Col-
leges for the Advancement of useful Learning and other Pur-
poses of Education ; and for amending so much of an Act of
the eighth Year of the Reign of Queen Anne, as relates to the
Delivery of Books to the Warehouse Keeper of the Stationers
Company, for the Use of the several Libraries therein mentioned.
Whereas Authors have heretofore bequeathed or given, and may hereafter
bequeath or give the Copies of Books composed by them, to or in Trust for

(1) See Historical Account of the Circumnavigation of the Globe, 2nd. edit, 360, 393—396,
400, 405—407, 410, 417, 420, 423—427.

(2) Annual Register for 1774, 161].

(3) Disney, Memoirs of Jebb, 73 ; Jebb's Works, ii. 337 ; Cambridge Chronicle, 5 Nov. 1774.

(4) He lived in Freeschool Lane in St. Edward's parish, but was buried at Great St.
Mary's, 8th of November.

(5^ Sir W. Blackstone's Reports, ii- 1004; Commons' Journals, xxxvii. 355; Stat. 21 Geo.
III. c. 56, s. 10. See under the years 1779 and 1781.

1775] GEORGE THE THIRD. 375

one of the two Universities in that Part of Great Britain called England, or
to or in Trust for some of the Colleges or Houses of Learning within the
same, or to or in Trust for the four Universities in Scotland, or to or in Trust
for the several Colleges of Eton, Westminster, and Winchester, and in and by
their several Wills or other Instruments of Donation, have directed or may
direct, that the profits arising from the printing and reprinting such Books
shall be applied or appropriated as a Fund for the Advancement of Learning,
and other beneficial Purposes of Education within the said Universities and
Colleges aforesaid : And whereas such useful Purposes will frequently be
frustrated, unless the sole printing and reprinting of such Books, the Copies
of which have been or shall be so bequeathed or given as aforesaid, be pre-
served and secured to the said Universities, Colleges, and Houses of Learning
respectively, in Perpetuity : May it therefore please your Majesty that
it may be enacted; and be it enacted by the Kings most excellent Majesty,
by and with the Advice and Consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal,
and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the Authority of
the same. That the said Universities and Colleges respectively shall, at their
respective Presses, have, for ever, the sole Liberty of printing and reprinting
all such Books as shall at any time heretofore have been, or (having not been
heretofore published or assigned) shall at any Time hereafter be bequeathed,
or otherwise given by the Author or Authors of the same respectively, or the
Representatives of such Author or Authors, to or in Trust for the said Uni-
versities, or to or in Trust for any College or House of Learning within the
same, or to or in Trust for the said four Universities in Scotland, or to or in
Trust for the said Colleges of Eton, Westminster, and Winchester, or any of
them, for the purposes aforesaid, unless the same shall have been bequeathed
or given, or shall hereafter be bequeathed or given, for any Term of Years,
or other limited Term ; any Law or Usage to the contrary hereof in any wise
notwithstanding.

2. And ir is hereby further enacted, That if any Bookseller, Printer,
or other Person whatsoever, from and after the twenty-fourth Day of June one
thousand seven hundred and seventy five, shall print, reprint, or import, or
cause to be printed, reprinted, or imported, any such Book or Books; oj-,
knowing the same to be so printed or reprinted, shall sell, publish, or expose
to Sale, or cause to be sold, published or exposed to Sale, any such Book or
Books ; then such Offender or Offenders shall forfeit such Book or Books, and
all and every Sheet or Sheets, being Part of such Book or Books, to the Uni-
versity, College, or House of Learning respectively, to whom the Copy of such
Book or Books shall have been bequeathed or given as aforesaid, who shall
forthwith damask and make waste Paper of them ; and further, that every such
Offender or Offenders shall forfeit one Penny for every Sheet which shall be
found in his, her, or their Custody, either printed or printing, published or
exposed to Sale, contrary to the true intent and meaning of this Act ; the
one Moiety thereof to the Kings most Excellent Majesty, his Heirs and Suc-
cessors, and the other Moiety thereof to any Person or Persons who shall sue
for the same; to be recovered in any of his Majestys Courts of Record at
Westminster, or in the Court of Session in Scotland, by Action of Debt,
Bill, Plaint or Information, in which no Wager of Law, Essoin, Privilege or
Protection, or more than one Imparlance, shall be allowed.

3. Provided nevertheless. That nothing in this Act shall extend to grant
any exclusive Right, otherwise than so long as the Books or Copies belong-
ing to the said Universities or Colleges are printed only at their own Printing

376 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1775

Presses within the said Universities or Colleges respectively, and for their
sole Benefit and Advantage ; and that if any University or College shall de-
legate, grant, lease, or sell their Copy Rights, or exclusive Rights of print-
ing the Books hereby granted, or any Part thereof, or shall allow, permit,
or authorize any Person or Persons, or Bodies Corporate, to print or reprint
the same, that then the Privileges hereby granted, are to become void and
of no effect, in the same Manner as if this Act had not been made ; but the
said Universities and Colleges, as aforesaid, shall nevertheless have a right
to sell such Copies so bequeathed or given as aforesaid ; in like Manner as
any Author or Authors now may do under the Provisions of the Statute of
the eighth year of her Majesty Queen Anne.

4. And whereas many Persons may through Ignorance ofTend against this
Act, unless some Provision be made whereby the Property of every such Book
as is intended by this Act to be secured to the said Universities, Colleges,
and Houses of Learning within the same, and to the said Universities in Scot-
land, and to the respective Colleges of Eton, Westminster, and Winchester,
may be ascertained and known ; be it therefore enacted by the Authority afore-
Baid, That nothing in this Act contained shall be construed to extend to sub-
ject any Bookseller, Printer, or other Person whatsoever, to the Forfeitures
or Penalties herein mentioned, for or by reason of the printing or reprinting,
importing or exposing to Sale, any Book or Books, unless the Title to the
Copy of such Book or Books, which has or have been already bequeathed or
given to any of the said Universities or Colleges aforesaid, be entered in the
Register Book of the Company of Stationers kept for that Purpose, in such
Manner as hath been usual, on or before the twenty-fourth Day of June one
thousand seven hundred and seventy-five ; and of all and every such Book or
Books as may or shall hereafter be bequeathed or given as aforesaid, be
entered in such Register within the space of two Months after any such be-
quest or gift shall have come to the knowledge of the Vice Chancellors of
the said Universities, or Heads of Houses and Colleges of Learning, or of
the Principal of any of the said four Universities respectively ; for every of
which Entries so to be made as aforesaid, the sum of Sixpence shall be paid, and
no more ; which said Register Book shall and may, at all seasonable and
convenient Times, be referred to, and inspected by any Bookseller, Printer,
or other Person, without any Fee or Reward ; and the Clerk of the said
Company of Stationers shall, Avhen and as often as thereunto required, give a
Certificate under his Hand of such Entry or Entries, and for every such Certifi-
cate may take a Fee not exceeding Sixpence.

5. And be it further enacted, That if the Clerk of the said Com-
pany of Stationers for the Time being shall refuse or neglect to register
or make such Entry or Entries, or to give such Certificate, being there-
unto required by the Agent of either of the said Universities or Colleges
aforesaid, lawfully authorised for that Purpose, then either of the said Uni-
versities or Colleges aforesaid, being the Proprietor of such Copy Right or
Copy Rights as aforesaid (Notice being first given of such Refusal by Ad-
vertisement in the Gazette), shall have the like Benefit as if such Entry or
Entries, Certificate or Certificates, had been duly made and given ; and the
Clerk so refusing shall, for every such Offence, forfeit twenty Pounds to
the Proprietor or Proprietors of every such Copy Right; to be recovered in
any of his Majesty's Courts of Record at Westminster, or in the Court of
Session in Scotland, by Action of Debt, Bill, Plaint or Information, in
which no Wager of Law, Essoin, Privilege, Protection, or more than one
Imparlance, shall be allowed.

177^3] GEORGE THE THIRD. 377

6. And whereas in and by an Act of Parliament made in the eighth Year
of the Reign of her late Majesty Queen Anne, intituled, An Act for the
Encouragement of Learning, by A^esting the Copies of printed Books in the
Authors or Purchasers of such Copies during the Times therein mentioned, it
is enacted. That nine Copies of each Book or Books, upon the best Paper,
that, from and after the tenth Day of April, one thousand seven hundred and
ten, should be printed and published, as therein mentioned, or reprinted and
published Avith Additions, shall, by the Printer or Printers thereof, be delivered
to the Warehouse Keeper of the said Company of Stationers for the Time being,
at the Hall of the said Company, before such Publication made, for the Use
of the Royal Library, the Libraries of the Universities of Oxford and Cam-
bridge, the Libraries of the four Universities in Scotland, the Library of Sion
College in London, and the Library commonly called The Library belonging
to the Faculty of Advocates in Edinburgh, respectively ; which such Ware-
house Keeper was thereby required, within ten Days after Demand by the
Keepers of the respective Libraries, or any Person or Persons by them, or any
of them, authorised to demand the said Copy, to deliver the same for the Use
of the aforesaid Libraries ; and if any Proprietor, Bookseller, or Printer, or
the said Warehouse Keeper of the said Company of Stationers, should not
observe the Direction of the said Act therein, that then he and they so making
Default, in not delivering the said printed Copies as aforesaid, should forfeit as
therein mentioned: And whereas the said Provision has not proved effec-
tual but the same hath been eluded by the Entry only of the Title to a single
Volume, or of some Part of such Book or Books so printed and published, or
reprinted and republished, as aforesaid ; be it enacted by the Authority afore-
said. That no Person or Persons whatsoever shall be subject to the Penalties
in the said Act mentioned, for or by reason of the printing or reprinting, im-
porting or exposing to Sale, any Book or Books, without the Consent men-
tioned in the said Act, unless the Title to the Copy of the whole of such
Book, and every Volume thereof, be entered, in Manner directed by the said
Act, in the Register Book of the Company of Stationers, and unless nine such
Copies of the whole of such Book or Books, and every Volume thereof printed
and published, or reprinted or republished, as therein mentioned, shall be actu-
ally delivered to the Warehouse Keeper of the said Company, as therein di-
rected, for the several uses of the several Libraries in the said Act mentioned.

7. And be it further enacted, by the Authority aforesaid, That if any
Action or Suit shall be commenced or brought against any Person or Persons
Avhatsoever, for doing, or causing to be done, any Thing in pursuance of this
Act, the Defendants in such Action may plead the General Issue, and give the
Special Matter in Evidence ; and if upon such Action a Verdict, or if the same
shall be brought in the Court of Session in Scotland, a Judgment be given
for the Defendant, or the Plaintiff' become non-suited, and discontinue his
Action, then the Defendant shall have and recover his full Costs, for which
he shall have the same Remedy as a Defendant in any Case by Law hath.

8 And be it further enacted, by the Authority aforesaid, That this
Act shall be adjudged, deemed and taken to be a Publick Act; and shall be
judicially taken Notice of as such by all Judges, Justices, and other Persons
whatsoever, without specially pleading the same.(l)

(1) Stat. 15 Geo. III. c. rj3.
3 B

378 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1775

On the 31st of May, there was an election for the rectory of Bedale,
in Yorkshire, (the patronage being vested in a Roman Catholic) the
candidates were Richard Kirshaw M.A. fellow of Trinity College, who
polled 81 votes, and Thomas Kipling M.A.. fellow of St. John's Col-
lege, who polled 74 votes.(i) Viscount Downe also claimed the pa-
tronage of this benefice, then worth £1,000. per annum, and pre-
sented the Rev. Mr. Dawney thereto.(2)

Grundon, the porter of Queens' College and others were indicted
at the Town Sessions, for an assault on Charles Crawford Esq. late
a fellow-commoner of Queens' College.(3) The indictment was re-
moved by certiorari into the King's Bench, and tried at the Lent
Assizes before Mr. Justice Willes, when the defendants were convicted,
subject to the opinion of the Court of King's Bench on a special
case, which was argued on the 21st of June this year. It appeared
that Mr. Crawford was expelled the College by an order of the 27th
of September, 1773, made by the Master and two fellows, signed only
by the Master, but confirmed by a College order made the 13th of
January, 1774, under the hands of the Master and ten fellows. He
afterwards came into the college garden with an intent to take pos-
session of his rooms, whereupon the defendants took hold of him and
conducted him out of college. This was the assault complained of, for
Mr. Crawford contended that his expulsion was illegal and unstatuta-
ble and consequently that the assault was not justifiable. The Court,
on the 26th of June, gave judgment in favour of the defendants, in-
timating that Mr. Crawford as a fellow-commoner was a mere boarder
and had no corporate rights, but that if he had his only mode of re-
dress was by an appeal to the Visitor, consequently that the order
of expulsion must be taken to be a right sentence till avoided or set
aside by the Visitor, and the defendants acting under it were thereby
justified in the assault.(^)

On the 16th of October, the Prince of Hesse and the Danish Am-
bassador arrived in Cambridge, and after viewing the public build-
ings proceeded to Newmarket races.(5)

On the 8th of November, a meetino; of the inhabitants was con-

(1) Cambridge Chronicle, 2 June, 1775.

(2) Ibid. 10 June, 1775.

(3) At the To-\vn Sessions held Oct. 6, 1774, Grundon exhibited articles of the peace
against Mr. Crawford. At the sessions held 12th Jan. 1775, these articles were withdrawn
on Mr Crawford's undertaking not to go into Queens' College till the disputes between
him and that society were legally determined. — Town Sessions Book.

(4) Cowper's Reports, 315 ; Howell's State Trials, xx. 402.

(5) Cambridge Chronicle, 21 Oct. 1775.

1775] GEORGE THE THIRD. 379

vened at the Rose Tavern, the Mayor presided, and the following
petition to the King was carried by a great majority :—
To THE King's most Excellent Majesty.
Most gracious Sovereign.

We, the Mayor, Bailiffs, Burgesses, and principal Inhabitants of the To^vn
of Cambridge, do humbly beg leave to approach the throne, with the most re-
spectful assurances of our attachment and affection to your Majesty's royal
person and family, and of our zeal for the support and dignity of your govern-
ment, the glory of your reign, and the peace and prosperity of your empire.

With the utmost affliction, and the most anxious apprehensions, we behold
a most ruinous civil war begun in America, which, we fear, if pursued, must
totally alienate the affections of our fellow subjects in the colonies, and in the
prosecution of which we can foresee no good effects that may arise to these
kingdoms; even were your Majesty's arms victorious, desolated provinces and
an exasperated people must be the only consequence of a continuance of this
war.

We beg leave most humbly to assure your Majesty, that no part of your
Majesty's subjects wish more earnestly to preserve the constitution of this
country than the To^vn of Cambridge ; but we humbly conceive that healing
concessions are more likely to restore the confidence and affections of the
colonies, than the exertion of force, which can only tend to their destruction
and desolation.

We find ourselves under the indispensable necessity of making, with the
utmost respect, this dutiful representation of our sentiments to your Majesty,
lest our silence might make it supposed we consented to the wishes of coer-
cive measures expressed in some of the late addresses : we assure your Majesty we
are men of peaceable dispositions, and detest the thought of recommending force
and rigour against any part of your Majesty's people : we wish for the retui-n
of that peace and tranquility which marked the happy period of your Majesty's
reign before these distressful disputes were agitated with the colonies : we have
every assurance to believe that they wish nothing more earnestly than to re-
turn to that allegiance and affection, so essentially necessary to the commei-
cial interests and happiness of this country : and we trust in your Majesty's
wisdom to reconcile the differences that unhappily subsist, and to restore those
days of peace and mutual confidence, to which we look back mth gratitude
and satisfaction.

By this dutiful representation of our sentiments we have endeavoured to dis-
charge our consciences to the Almighty Governor of all things, to our Sove-
reign, and to our country, and to clear ourselves from having any share in
producing the calamities that may fall upon this nation, praying God to avert
them, and that he may please to make your Majesty's reign glorious and happy.

This petition was signed by the Mayor, one alderman, the four
bailiffs, eleven of the common council, John Jebb M.A., and 143
other inhabitants, and was presented to the King at St. James's, on
the 29th of November.(i)

The following address to the King was signed by Charles Nalson
Cole Esq. Deputy Recorder, Mr. Cadogan, and Mr. Jenyns members

(1) Cambridge Chronicle, 11 Nov. 2 Dec, 9 Dec. 1775.

380 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1775

of parliament for the town, ten aldermen, James Day Town Clerk,
William Howell Ewin LL.D., Samuel Ogden D.D. minister of St.
Sepulchre's, John Jenner vicar of All Saints, R. Hodgson vicar of
St. Giles's and St. Peter's, Charles Pigott Pritchett M.A., Thomas
Finch B.A., Thomas Loombe, James Essex, and seventy-four other
inhabitants of the town. It was presented to the King by Mr.
Cadogan and Mr. Jenyns : —

To THE King's most Excellent Majesty.
Most Gracious Sovereign,

We, your Majesty's dutiful Subjects, Aldermen, Common-Councilmen, Free-
men, & Inhabitants of the Antient & loyal Town of Cambridge, beg leave, with
all duty & humility, to approach the Throne, at this important crisis, on which
we do not impertinently presume to obtrude on your Majesty our opinions or
advice, though for it we have numerous and great examples to plead, but de-
sire only, together with many other of your Majesty's loyal Subjects, to express
at this time our sincere Attachment to your Majesty's person & Government,
our consciousness of your Majesty's many Royal Virtues, our utter Detesta-
tion of all Rebellion, Treason, & Faction, & our steady resolution to support
your Majesty, to the utmost of our' power, against all your enemies, Avhether
open or concealed, both at home and abroad ; & to assure your Majesty, that
we place such intire Confidence in your Majesty's known wisdom and goodness,
that we cannot entertain the least doubt that such measures, either of Vigour
or lenity, of coercion or indulgence, will be pursued, as are best adapted to
reduce your deluded subjects in America, now in a state of Rebellion & anar-
chy, to a due obedience to your Majesty, and submission to the Legislature
of Great Britain,

Cambridge, November 15, 1775.(0

The following address from the University was carried on the 24th
of November, by 46 placets to 21 non-placets in the Non-Regent
House, and 38 placets to 25 non-placets in the Regent-House. It
was soon afterwards presented at St. James's by Dr. Farmer Vice-
chancellor : —

To THE King's most Excellent Majesty.
The humble Address of the Chancellor, Masters, and Scholars, of the

University of Cambridge.
Most Gracious Sovereign,
We your Majesty's most loyal & faithful Subjects, the Chancellor, Masters,
& Scholars of the University of Cambridge, in full Senate Assembled, think it
our duty at this alarming crisis to approach your Throne with the deepest
and most grateful Sense of the many blessings, which, through the dispensa-
tion of the Di\ine Providence, we have participated with our fellow-Subjects
imder your Majesty's auspicious Reign.

Anxious for the Continuance of those blessings in every part of your Ma-
jesty's Dominions, and animated with the warmest Loyalty & Affection for
your Royal Person & Government, we cannot remain silent Spectators of the
unnatural RebelUon, into which many of our brethren in your Majesty's

(J) London Gazette, 35 to 28 Nov, 1775.

1775] GEORGE THE THIRD. 381

American Colonies have been unhappily seduced : Wc see their delusion with
equal indignation and concern : We disclaim the Opinions on which they pro-
ceed, as destructive of the happiest Constitution, that hath ever existed in the
History of Mankind, & subversive of all Order & good Government : Yet we
pity their infatuation, & lament the miseries which it is necessarily bringing
upon them.

Relying with full confidence on your Majesty's wisdom & paternal tender-
ness, & convinced that you will pursue every Method, consistent with the Dig-
nity of Government & the preservation of the Constitution to prevent, as much
as possible, the effusion of blood, & to restore due obedience & peace ; we fer-
vently implore Heaven to bless your Majesty's Counsels with Success ; so that
the Crown & Dominions of this Realm may be transmitted with undiminished
lustre to your Majesty's remotest posterity.(l)

About this time died Israel Lyons, a native of Cambridge, born
in 1739, being son of Israel Lyons a Polish Jew, who was a silver-
smith and a teacher of the Hebrew langiiage.(2) in early life he
displayed great inclination to learning, particularly the mathematics.
Dr. Robert Smith Master of Trinity College, offered to put him to
school at his own expence, but he went only for a day or two,
saying he could learn more by himself in an hour than with his
master in a day. In 1755 he began to study botany, in which he
became well versed. He had large materials for a Flora Cantabri-
giensis. In 1758 he published in 8vo. a Treatise on Fluxions, dedi-
cated to his kind friend Dr. Smith. In 1763 appeared in Svo. his
" Fasciculus Plantarum circa Cantabrigiam nascentium quae post Rai-
" um observatse fuere." In July 1764, he read a course of lectures
on botany at Oxford, at the instance of Mr. (afterwards Sir Joseph)
Banks, whom he first instructed in that science. In 1773 he was
appointed by the Board of Longitude to proceed with Captain Phipps
(afterwards Lord Mulgrave) to the North Pole. He had £100. per
annum for calculating the Nautical Almanac, and frequently received
presents from the Board of Longitude for his inventions. He was
married at St. Martin's-in-the -fields in March 1774, to Phoebe daugh-
ter of Newman Pearson of Over. Mr. Lyons could read Latin and
French well, but wrote the former indifferently. He had studied
English history, and was particularly well read in the Monkish

(1) Cambridge Chronicle, 2 Dec, 1775; London Gazette, 28 Nov. to 2 Dec 1775 ; MS. Cole,
xl. 364, 365, xli. 381, 385. See Anecdotes of the Life of Richard Watson Bishop of Landaff,
2nd edit. i. 88. Bp. Watson states the majority in the Regent-House to have been eight only.

(2) Author of the Scholar's Instructor or Hebrew Grammar, 2nd edit. Cambridge, Svo- 1757,
and " Observations and Enquiries relating to various parts of Scripture History." 1768. He
died 19 Aug. 1770, and Avas buried at Great Saint Mary's, the burial service being read by his
daughter Judith, who was " a sensible & ingenious woman but took to the mean practice of
*' fortune telling, and died a pauper in All Saints' Parish, where she was buried 21 April,
*• 1795."— MS. Bowtell, vi. 2233.

38^ GEORGE THE THIRD. [1776

historians. He was a wonderful young man both for parts and
memory. His " Calculations in Spherical Trigonometry abridged "
are in the Philosophical Transactions, (U and after his death, his
name appeared on the title page of " A Geographical Dictionary,"
the astronomical portion of which was taken from his papers.(2)

1776.

Mr. Jebb again and for the last time brought forward his project
for an annual examination of the undergraduates. Two graces, one
relating to noblemen and fellow-commoners, the other to pensioners
and sizars, passed the Caput on the 26th of February, but on the
following day were rejected in the Non-Regent House, the votes
being for the noblemen and fellow-commoners' grace non-placets 36 ;
placets 23: for the pensioners and sizars' grace non -placets 39;
placets 25.(3)

The University voted £100. towards relieving the distresses of the
clergy of the Church of England in North America. Trinity and
St. John's Colleges gave £21. each, and Emmanuel and Christ's
Colleges £10. each for the same purpose.(4)

On the 10th of April, the Duke of Wirtemberg with a numerous
train of attendants arrived at the Cardinal's Cap Inn. He spent the
afternoon in viewing the University Library, King's College Chapel,
Trinity College and other public buildings, and the next morning
set off for Newmarket races.(5)

On the 10th of June, the Court of King's Bench discharged
with costs, a rule which had been obtained by Charles Martin-
dale one of the common council, for disfranchising nearly fifty
honorary freemen.(6)

On the 7th of November, there was an election of a representa-
tive for the town in the room of Mr. Cadogan, who had suc-
ceeded his father in the barony of Cadogan of Oakley .(7) The can-
didates were Benjamin Keene Esq.,(8) and Thomas Plumer Byde

(1) Vol. Ixi. art. 46.

(2) Nichols, Anecdotes of the Literature of the Eighteenth Century, ii. 327, 419, ill. 661,
viii. 208 ; Cambridge Chronicle, 28 July, 1764, 19 March, 1774.

(3) Disney, Memoirs of Jebb, 110 ; Jebb's "Works, ii. 371, iii. 261— 2S2 ; Cambridge Chroni-
cle, 24 Feb. 1776.

(4) Cambridge Chronicle, 6 April, 1776.

(5) Ibid. 13 April, 1776.

(6) Ibid. 15 June, 22 June, 1776.

(7) Lord Cadogan was created Viscount Chelsea and Earl Cadogan 27 Dec. 1800. He died
in 1807.

(8) Son of Dr. Edmund Keenc Bishop of Ely.

1777] GEORGE THE THIRD. 383

Esq. The votes were Keene 101 ; Byde 34.0 " The populace
" were very numerous, and towards evening pretty noisy in seve-
" ral parts of the town. Some barrels of beer on a dray cart
" were brought on the Market Hill, which they understood to come
** from Byde, but being informed otherwise, they staved the greatest
" part of them, then destroyed the casks and burnt the dray cart
*' on a large bonfire, which was replenished for a considerable time,
** and a great quantity of fire works let off. "(2) On the 25th of
November, petitions from Mr. Byde and several freemen complain-
ing that Mr. Keene's return was procured by bribery and corrupt
practices, were presented to the House of Commons, but, by leave
of the House, these petitions were withdrawn on the 29th of Janu-
ary, 1777.(3)

1777.

On the 5th of January, died John Norris Esq., of Witton, in
Norfolk, B.A. of Caius College,(4) who by his will, dated 26th of

(1) "St. James's, December 17, 1776.

" Whereas it has been humbly represented to the King-, that on the first day of No-
*' vember last past, an annonymous threatening letter, directed ' For Mr. Hide Merchant in
•" Cambridge,' having the post mark on it, was delivered from the Post Office in Cam-
" bridge to Mr. Thomas Hide one of the Aldermen of the Borough of Cambridge, wherein
*• the lives of the said Mr. Hide and several other persons were threatened, and a con-
" spiracy said to be formed by a gang of nineteen persons for the wicked purpose of
" murdering the persons mentioned in the said letter, and likewise setting one of their
*' houses on fire, on account of a supposed intention in them to give their votes for Mr.
" Keene, then a candidate to represent the said Borough in Parliament. His Majesty, for
" the better discovering and bringing to Justice the person or persons concerned in Avriting
" the said letter, and also the persons concerned in the above-mentioned conspiracy, is
" hereby pleased to offer His most gracious pardon to any one of them, who shall discover
" his accomplice or accomplices in the said crimes, so that he, she or they may be appre-
" hended and convicted thereof.

" Weymouth.

" And as a farther encouragement, the said Mr. Thomas Hide doth hereby promise a
" reward of Fifty Pounds to any person making such discovery as aforesaid, to be paid
" upon the conviction of any one or more of the offenders.

" Tho; Hide.

" And as a still farther encouragement, John Newling, Esq., Mayor of Cambridge, doth
" likewise hereby promise a reward of Fifty Pounds to any person making such discovery
" as aforesaid, to be paid upon the conviction of any one or more of the offenders.

" John Newling, Mayor."
— Cambridge Chronicle, 21 December, 1776.

(2) Cambridge Chronicle, 9 Nov. 1776.

(3) Commons' Journals, xxxvi. 54, 84.

(4) Mr. Norris was Members' Prizeman, 1761. He married first, Elizabeth only daughter
of John Play ters, Esq., by whom he had no issue, and who died Dec. 1st 1769, secondly
{12th May, 1773,) Charlotte daughter of Hon. Edward Townshend D.D. Dean of Norwich,
by whom he had one daughter Charlotte Laura, who married the late Lord Wodehouse.
Mrs. Norris in 1779, married Thomas Fauquier Esq.

In Witton Church is the following singular inscription: —

" Elizabeth NoiTis Wife of John Norris Esq. and only daughter of John Playtcrs of Yel-
" verton Esq. left this world Dec. 1st 1769, in the 28th year of her age.
" And is your poor Husband reserved to this office ?
" Oh that Ti'uth now descended to save mc from it,

" So beautiful with such a character of meaning, so very innocent Avith so much ani-
" mation. She look'd like nature in the world's first spring, talents inventive, discerning,
" judicious, eloquent, rare combination ! She was always new, enchanting with magic all
" her own, by her heart I felt myself perpetually reminded of the Picture (13th 1st
" Corith.) which I once drew of charity, but there was one jiarticular more properly the

384 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1777

June, 1770, charged the Abbey Farm in the parish of Bacton, in
Norfolk, with an annuity of £120. per annum for the foundation
of a professorship of divinity in this University, as also for a
sermon at Great St. Mary's on every Good Friday, and an
annual prize value £12. for an English prose essay on a religious
subject. (1)

In January, the following address from the Corporation to Lord
Cadogan,(2) was presented to him by Charles Nalson Cole Esq. the
Deputy Recorder : —

My Lord,

Be pleased to accept of our sincere acknowledgments for the honour of your
representation of this borough in five parliaments ; a long, and which posterity
will deem a most important, and interesting period in the annals of Great
Britain, during the whole of which your conduct, on those great objects which
have undergone the consideration of parliament, demands our imanimous ap-
probation; for we must approve of a conduct which hath never lost sight of
a constitutional attention to the prerogative of the crown, the liberties of the
people, an extension of national commerce, and the maintenance of good order
and government throughout the realm. By the course of nature your family
honours have descended to you ; long my Lord may you enjoy them, ever re-
taining, as a peer of parliament, those constitutional principles which endeared
you to us, as one of the representatives of this borough in particular, and of
the people of England in general.

In return for that confidence we so long, though deservedly, placed in you,
we trust and hope you will, on all occasions, look with kind dispositions on
the interest and prosperity of this borough.

Lord Cadogan replied in these terms : —

Mr. Recorder,
I beg the favour of you to return my most humble respects to the Mayor,
Aldermen, Common Council, and Burgesses of the To\^ti of Cambridge, with
my unfeigned thanks for the favourable and kind manner in which they have
been pleased to accept my services during so long a period, of which they
have given me so flattering a proof in their obliging, though unmerited, ad-

" same than like, seelceth not her own, and as to her religious temper it was exactly
*' this —

" Resigned when ills betide,

" Patient Avhen favours are denied,

" And pleas'd with favours given.

" Truth."
" Now Truth if thou canst add this Prize of Heaven was bestowed upon a man who
" knew its value, be that his Epitaph.

" John Norris left this world 5th Jany. 1777, ^t. 43."

Mr. Norris endowed two schools, each for twelve children, the one at AYitton, the other
at Witchingham, Norfolk. He also left £10. per annum to the Vicar of Witton, to per-
form service during Lent on each Sunday instead of twice in three weeks as theretofore
accustomed. — Information from the Rev. Mr. Fauquier communicated through the Rev.
Professor Corrie.

There seems to have been some litigation respecting Mr. Norris's will, as Mr. Cole says
that on the 23rd Nov. 1778, the Vicechancellor informed him that he had received a let-
ter from the Soliciior General to tell him that Mr. Norris's legacy was fully established in
the Courts above.— MS. Cole, vi. 60.

(1) Gunning, Ceremonies of Univ. of Camb. 319, 398.

(2) This address was unanimously agreed to 2d Nov. 177G.

1777] GEORGE THE THIRD. 385

dress; and as that period has been particularly interesting to the public,
the approbation of my constituents must, on that account, be the more satis-
factory.

I am proud to acknowledge the numberless obligations I am under to the
corporation of Cambridge, and notAvithstanding my present situation has neces-
sarily dissolved the immediate connection I had formerly the honour to hold
with them, I shall still think it equally incumbent on me to take every oppor-
tunity of testifying my gratitude, by obeying their commands, and attending
to their interests on all future occasions.! l)

On the 4tli of February, the Corporation seal was affixed to the
subjoined petition : —
To THE Honourable the Commons of Great Britain in Parliament

ASSEMBLED.

The humble Petition of the Mayor, Bailiffs, and Burgesses of the
Borough of Cambridge, in the County of Cambridge.

Sheweth,

That your Petitioners are informed a Bill is brought into this Honourable
House intitled a Bill for draining the Middle and South Levels part of the
great Level of the Fens called Bedford Level and the several navigations
through the same and for imposing taxes on the lands within the said Levels
and laying tolls on the goods conveyed by the said navigations in order to
raise further necessary funds for these purposes.

That by a clause in the said bill a tonnage of one shilling a chaldron on
coals and a shilling a ton on other goods is proposed to be laid on these
commodities passing or being navigated upon or near Saint German's Bridge
and Denver Sluice in the said Bill mentioned which your Petitioners appre-
hend to be unreasonable partial and unjust.

That the navigation from Denver Sluice to Cambridge continues now in as
good a state as it has been at any time since the Commissioners of the Bed-
ford Level made obstructions or dams across the River Ouse and thereby de-
prived the Town of Cambridge of their navigation to the several Counties of
Huntingdon Bedford Buckingham and other Counties which trade is totally
destroyed.

That since the works of the Commissioners for draining the Fens the ToAvn
of Cambridge has been obliged to procure a separate Act of Parliament to
preserve their navigation from Clay Hithe which has laid an additional burthen
upon all goods coming to Cambridge.

That your Petitioners upon the best inquiry are informed and doubt not
but to prove that the same is a very good navigation and does not want any
amendment and is admitted so to be by the persons interested in the intended
tonnage.

That since the adventurers have erected dams and other obstructions across
the rivers the navigation has been carried on from Lynn to Cambridge at a
much greater expence than heretofore.

That for the reasons aforesaid your Petitioners humbly apprehend no im-
provement in the navigation from Cambridge to Lynn will enable the water-
men to bring the coals and other merchandizes cheaper than they now do on
the contrary it will load the same with a great additional cxpcncc and evcntu-

(1 Cniubrid^r' Claonicle, 8t!i Fel). ll
3c

SS6 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1777

ally fall on the consumer and consequently greatly distress the poor more
especially as coal is the most material article in the carriage from Lynn and
the freight of coals of late years having greatly increased by the payments
already made in respect thereof in manner as before set forth.

That if this intended Bill should pass into a law an annual sum of eight
thousand pounds will be raised and chiefly fall on the consumers of such mer-
chandizes as are navigated on the rivers (and in cases where taxes were never
paid) to enable the adventurers not only to pay the interest of an enormous
debt contracted by the promoters of this Bill for their own benefit and the
rather as the tolls arising from the said intended tonnage will raise a sum
amounting to twenty thousand pounds and upwards more than the sum pro-
posed to be raised by the Bill.

That your Petitioners humbly apprehend that the laying a tax on the
public for the improvement of the estates of individuals is unprecedented and
unjust.

That by the present Bill the toll intended to be laid on the present ton-
nage of goods coming from Lynn up the Rivers Ouse and Grant ismade per-
petual whereas the tax upon the fen lands is only for seven years which
will not only enable the adventurers to pay off their present enormous debt
but leave the burthen of maintaining their works upon this tax intended to
be laid upon the trade to Cambridge from Lynn.

Your Petitioners therefore humbly pray this Honourable House to
take the premises into consideration and permit your Petitioners to be
heard by themselves and Counsel against the said Bill passing into a law
or grant them such relief as upon examination shall appear to be just.
And your Petitioners shall ever pray.

Given under our Common Seal the fourth day of February One thousand
seven hundred and seventy seven.(i)

The persons nominated for Vicechancellor were Hugh Thomas D.D.
Dean of Ely and Master of Christ's College, and Robert Plumptre
D.D. President of Queen's College. The votes were, Dr. Thomas 40 ;
Dr. Plumptre 16. Immediately an Esquire Bedel went to Christ's
College, to inform Dr. Thomas of his election. He shortly returned
to the Senate House, and reported that Dr. Thomas had stated
"That he (Dr. T.) had laid the state of his health before the Uni-
versity, and that he could not (or should not) send any answer to
the information brought him." After much deliberation the Proc-
tors continued the congregation till the following afternoon, when
the Senior Proctor read the contents of a paper he had received
from Dr. Thomas, in which he resigned all claim, right, or title to
the office of Vicechancellor. After some consultation the Senior
Proctor continued the congregation to the afternoon of the 7th of
November, when the following grace was offered by Mr. Whisson
to the Caput, and afterwards read in both houses : —

€uM Yenerabilis Vir Hugo Thomas, S.T.P. a vobis iluper electus fuit in.

(1) Corporation Couclifv,

1777] GEORGE THE THIRD. 387

Munus Procancellarii, atque idem propter infirniam valetudincm, de jure suo
istius Muneris ex Electione vestra obeundi, solcnni forma decesserit,

Placeat Vobis, ut istius Magistratus gcrcndi inimunitatcm obtineat, et
alius in eundem consueto more eligatur ; ita tamcn ut dictus Dr. Thomas prius
Academia) persolvat centum Libras Cistaj Communi applicandas.

The congregation was then continued till the 8th of November,
when the preceding grace was read a second time in both houses.
Non-Regents: placets 17; non-placets 7: Regents: placets 20; non-
placets 21. Jt was consequently lost, and the Senior Proctor dis-
solved the congregation. On the 2d of December, a congregation
being assembled, the Senior Proctor communicated the contents of
a paper he had received from Dr. Thomas, in which he stated that
his age, and infirmities, had rendered him wholly unfit for the high
ofiice, to which he had been elected ; and quite incapable of discharg-
ing its important duties, either with advantage to the University, or
with satisfaction to himself. He concluded, by begging the Senate
to approve the reasons he had given for not accepting the office of
Vicechancellor. The Senior Proctor then requested the members of
the Senate to express their approbation or disapprobation of this
excuse. The two Senior Doctors stood in scrutiny with the Proc-
tors, and on counting the votes there appeared, placets 62 ; non-
placets 13. The Heads and Presidents immediately proceeded to
nominate two persons for the office, when Dr. Plumptre and Dr.
Goddard were returned to the Senate, and on the 3rd of December
Dr. Plumptre was elected.(i)

On the 15th of November, "the gentlemen of St. John's College,
" soon after dinner was eaded in the Hall, were suddenly alarmed
" by a great number of sportsmen riding full speed into the great
" court, in pursuit of a stag, which had taken refuge in one of the
" stair cases. — The uncommonness of the scene in such a spot, the
" ardor of the hunters, the court in an instant filled with horses,
" dogs, &c. produced at once a very pleasing surprize, more easily
" to be conceived than described, and the whole was truly pictu-
" resque. — The stag was turned off" that morning at Chesterford by
" the old Walden hunt, and after a fine chase of several hours, came
" to the back of the Colleges, crossed the river into the town, and
" r^n thro' the streets with his pursuers close upon him, till he
" turned into the court. Notwithstanding some of the riders followed
" him thro' the small wicket of the College gate, yet luckily no
" accident happened. "(2)

(1) Gunning, Ceremonies of the Univ. oi' Cambridge, 54.

(2) Cambridge Chronicle, 22 Nov. 1777.

GEORGE THE THIRD. [1778

1778.

On the 4th of February,!^) there was an election of a registrary of
the University, in the room of Henry Hubbard B.D.(-) deceased.
The candidates were George Borlase M.A. fellow of Peterhouse, who
polled 113 votes, and John Barker M.A, fellow (afterwards Master)
of Christ's College, who polled 102 votes.C?)

On the 13th of February, the Town was illuminated on account
of Admiral Keppel's acquittal. A figure dressed for Sir Hugh Pal-
liser, suspended on a gallows, was carried through the streets, and
after being frequently shot at, was condemned to the flames of a
large bonfire. The mob broke the windows of Emmanuel and some
other Colleges which were not illuminated.(4)

An act passed this year granting duties on inhabited houses con-
tains a proviso that each distinct chamber or apartment in any Col-
lege or Hall in any of the Universities should be subject to the
duties granted by the act as if the same were an entire house.(5)

On the 7th of September, the Corporation made a bye law im-
posing a penalty of 20s. on persons guilty " of the mean and scan-
dalous practice of stealing the Corporation wine. "(6)

On the 21st of September, his Royal Highness William Henry
Duke of Gloucester (7) arrived at the White Bear from Ickworth.
After viewing the University, he proceeded to London.(8)

On the 14th of October, William Howell Ewin LL.D. of St. John's
College, appeared in the Vicechancellor's Court in the Law Schools,
to answer a charge of having lent money at usurious interest to
William Bird a scholar of Trinity College, during his minority,
without the consent of his tutor. Dr. Ewin had previously ad-
dressed a letter to Dr. Hinchliffe Bishop of Peterborough the Mas-
ter of Trinity College, fully acknowledging his misconduct, expressing
his contrition, promising not so to offend again, and offering to
beg pardon of his lordship, of Mr. Bird's tutor, and of the Vice-
chancellor; but he now protested against the citation, and then

(1) The Cambridge Chronicle, 7 Feb., 1778, states that this election took place on the
5th of February.

(2) Mr. Hubbard bequeathed £200. to the University for fitting up the Registrary's
office and regulating the books and papers therein.

(3) MS. Matthew, 130.

(4) Cambridge Chronicle, 20 Feb. 1778.

(5) Stat. IS Geo. III. c. 26, s. 26. There is the like proviso in stat. 24 Geo. III. sess. 2,
c. 38, s. 31.

(6) Corporation Common Day Book.

(7) Brother of King George III. and father of \Villiam Frederick Duke of Gloucester
Chancellor of this University, 1811— 1834.

(8) Cambridge Chronicle, 26 Sept. 1778.

1779] GEORGE THE THIRD. 339

pleaded not guilty under protestation. Evidence was gone into
from which it appeared that he had in 1775 and 1776 advanced
to Mr. Bird, then a minor in statu pupillari, partly through
the agency of a Portugese Jew named Silva, but who also went
by the name of A. Grove, the sum of £750. for which he took
notes to the amount of £1090. Dr. Ewin made but a sorry de-
fence. The Court was adjourned to the 21st of October, when
he again appeared, made some objections, and then slunk out
of Court. After being thrice solemnly called and not appearing,
the Vicechancellor and nine Heads sentenced him to be suspended
from all degrees taken or to be taken, and expelled the Uni-
versity. From this sentence Dr. Ewin appealed, and on the 31st of
October the Senate appointed as delegates in this case Richard
Watson D.D. Regius Professor of Divinity,(J) Samuel Hallifax LL.D.
Regius Professor of Civil Law,(2) and Lowther Yates B.D. fellow
of Catharine Hall.(3) The delegates met at the end of November,
and after hearing the appellant's objections, confirmed the suspen-
sion, but revoked so much of the sentence as related to his expul-
sion from the University.(4) Dr. Ewin was afterwards restored to
his degrees by a mandamus from the King's Bench .(5)

1779.

The Corporation ordered the trees on Erasmus's walk at the
north end of Queens' Green to be sold, but the University paid
£50. to preserve them.(6)

On the 11th of February, a grace passed constituting a syndi-
cate to inspect and examine the Proctor's books, to reduce the
statutes therein contained into order, and to cause the same to
be rewritten on parchment.!")

On the 20th of March, the Senate passed several graces respect-
ing the examination of candidates for the degree of B.A. By these
graces the number of examiners was increased from two to four,
the examination was extended from three to four days, and one
day was to be devoted to viva voce questions in natural religion,

(1) Afterwards Bishop of Llandaff.

(2) Afterwards Bishop of St Asaph.

(3) Afterwards Master of that Society.

(4) MS. Cole, vii. 7 b.; MS. Matthew, 137, 138; iNichols, Literary Anecdotes of the
Eighteenth Century, viii. 633, 634, 637.

f5) See under 1779.

(6) Corporation Common Day Book. Feb. 10, 1779, 26 Sept. 1780.

(7) Stat. Acad. Cantab, pp. 439, 441, 442.

390 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1779

moral philosophy, and Locke on the Understanding. These graces
were unsuccessfully opposed, the votes being in the Regent House,
placets 30 ; non-placets 9 : in the Non-Regent House, placets 23 ;
non-placets 9.W

On the 26th of March, a grace passed dispensing with subscrip-
tion to the three articles in the canon, on taking the degrees of
LL.B,, M.B., Mus. B., and Mus. D., and substituting a declaration
that the party is bona fide a member of the Church of England as
by law established.(2)

On the 16th of April, Lord North First Lord of the Treasury
and Chancellor of the University of Oxford, moved the House of
Commons for leave to introduce a bill to vest the sole right of
printing almanacks in England in the two Universities of Oxford
and Cambridge and the Company of Stationers of the city of
London respectively. This occasioned a debate, in which Mr. Tur-
ner (3) and Mr. Dempster opposed, and Mr. Thomas Townshend,(3)
Mr. Jackson,(4) Mr. Montagu, and Mr. Rous supported the motion,
which was carried. On the 28th of April, the bill was introduced
and read a first time, and a motion being made that it be read
a second time, Mr. Dempster moved as an amendment that it be
i-ead again that day three months. On this amendment the House
divided: ayes 42; noes 129. The bill was then ordered to be
read a second time, on the 3rd of May. On the 29th of April,
was presented a petition against the bill from Thomas Carnan,(5)

(1) Stat. Acad, Cantab, pp. 439, 440, 441 ; Cambridge Chronicle, 27 March, 1779.

(2) Stat. Acad. Cantab, p. 441.

(3) Mr. Turner "did not like the motion, because it tended to introduce a novelty,
♦' and to authorise a monopoly. He had not any Avish to deprive the universities of
" Oxford and Cambridge of an advantage ; on the contrary, he thought they deserved
" every encouragement which the legislature could give them, but he did not see that
•* the present motion tended to procure them any material benefit; £500. was too paltry
" a sum to warrant the creating a monopoly in a trade which ought to be open. He
" had much rather that the sum, if necessary for the sake of public learning, should be
*« paid specifically to each university for that purpose, out of the public money. Indeed,
" the universities might themselves save it out of their respective revenues annually, by
" only putting up a chimney-piece less every year, or checking the increase of their
" architectural ornaments. The universities were two of the richest corporate bodies in
" the kingdom, and therefore could not be affected by the loss of such a trifle as £500.
'• a year each. . .

" Mr. T. Townshend begged leave to set his hon. friend right; the two universities
" of Oxford and Cambridge were very far from being the richest corporate bodies in
«' the kingdom; on the contrary, they were not even rich. He commended the motion,
•• thought it extremely proper, and hoped it would meet with no opposition."

(4) Richard Jackson Esq. K.C., one of the Counsel of the University of Cambridge,
and Counsel to the Board of Trade. He died in May 1787. He was so conversant in
the detail of almost every art and science, that he was called Omniscient Jackson.

(5) Mr. Carnan, who was a bookseller, in St. Paul's church-yard, died in 1788. He was
well known in the Courts of Law. He bought a mare of Mrs. Stokes, at Eppmg-place,
which at a subsequent period was sent to grass at Ponder's-end, where she fell into a
ditch, dislocated her neck, and died. On being informed of the accident, he reconciled
himself to the loss ; but it happened that some time after, he very unexpectedly received
a letter from the ostler at Epping-place, informing him that his supposed dead mare was
then alive in his mistress's stables. Mr. Carnan in consequence went down to Eppmg-
place, saw the mare which the ostler wrote about, and fatally possessed himself with a

1779] GEORGE THE THIRD. 391

who had succeeded in overthrowing the monopoly in almanacks/ D
This petition was ordered to lie upon the table till the second
reading, with liberty for the petitioner then to be heard by his
counsel against the bill. On the 3rd of May, the second reading
was postponed till the 10th, when the bill was read a second time
accordingly. After which Mr. Davenport and Mr. Erskine(2) the
counsel of Mr. Carnan, were heard against the bill. The House
immediately divided on the question that the bill be committed.
This was decided in the negative : ayes 40 ; noes 60. The bill
was consequently lost.(3)

On the 10th of June, there was an election of a representative
in Parliament for the University, in the room of Charles Marquess
of Granby, who had succeeded to the Dukedom of Rutland. The

belief from -Mhich he never coiild be disanaded, that the mare then produced was his
own, and that he had been imposed on and cheated by the report of her falling into
the ditch, &c. Mr. Carnan afterwards getting- this mare into his possession, and refus-
ing to restore her when demanded, Mrs. Stokes brought an action against him for its
value, and obtained a vei'dict with fourteen guineas damages ; but Mr. Carnan being dis-
satisfied with the verdict, not only moved the Court of King's Bench for a new trial,
but likewise preferred bills of indictment against two of Mrs. Stokes's witnesses, for
wilful and corrupt perjury. In both cases he was unsuccessful ; his application for a
new trial was refused, and the persons indicted for perjury were acquitted. The men
80 tried and acquitted brought actions against INlr. Carnan for malicious prosecutions,
and obtained verdicts with considerable damages. To these decisions, however, Mr.
Carnan not being more inclined to submit than to the former, he brought writs of error,
and removed the proceedings into the House of Lords, where the matters in litigation
were heard, and finally determined against him. These proceedings cost him £3,000.,
and the vexation trouble and expense hastened the termination of his days. "What is
further remarkable, is that Mr. Carnan successfully prosecuted a man for stealing his-
(the first) mare some years before, at Winchester Assizes. It is said that Mr. Carnan,.
in the course of his life, did not expend less than £10,000. in law, — Cambridge Chronicle,
20 Sept, 1788.

(1) Vide ante, p. 374.

(2) The Hon. Thomas Erskine M.A. of Trinity College, afterwards Lord Erskine Lord
High Chancellor of Great Britain.

The peroration of Mr. Erskine's speech was as folloAvs : —

" And now, Mr. Speaker, I retire from your bar, I wish I could say with confidence
*' of having prevailed. If the wretched Company of Stationers had been my only oppo--
" nents, my confidence had been perfect ; indeed so perfect, that I should not have wasted
" ten minutes of your time on the subject, but should have left the Bill to dissolve in
" its own weakness : but, when I reflect that Oxford and Cambridge are suitors here, I
" own to you I am alarmed, and I feel myself called upon to say something, Avhich I
" know your indulgence Avill forgive. The House is filled with their most illustrious
" sons, who no doubt feel an involuntary zeal for the interest of their parent Universi-
" ties. Sir, it is an influence so natural, and so honourable, that I trust there is no in-
•' decency in my hinting the possibility of its operation. Yet I persuade myself that
" these learned bodies have effectually defeated their own interests, by the sentiments
" which their libei-al sciences have disseminated amongst you ; their wise and learned in-
" stitutions have erected in your minds the august image of an enlightened statesman,
" which, trampling doAvn all personal interests and affections, looks steadily forward to
" the great ends of public and private justice, unawed by authority, and unbiased by
" favour.

" It is from thence that my hopes for my client revive. If the Universities have lost
" an advantage, enjoyed contrary to law, and at the expence of sovmd policy and liberty,
"you will rejoice that the courts below have pronounced that wise and liberal judgment
'• against them, and will not set the evil example of reversing it here. But you need not
" therefore forget, that the Universities have lost an advantage, — and if it be a loss that
" can be felt by bodies so liberally endowed, it may be repaired to them by the bounty
" of the ci-own, or by your own. It were much better that the people of England should
" pay £10,000. a year "to each of them, than suffer them to enjoy one farthing at the
" expense of the ruin of a free citizen, or the monopoly of a free trade."

(3) Cobbett's Parliamentary Debates, xx. G02— 021 ; Commons' Journals, xxxvii. 329, 352,
355, 3.^)6, 306, 388. See under 1781.

GEORGE THE THIRD. [1779

candidates were, James MansfiekKD Esq. M.A. one of his Majesty's
Counsel at Law and fellow of King's College, the Hon. John Towns-
hend M.A.(2) of St. John's College, and Thomas Villiers Lord Hyde
M.A. of St. John's College. Mr. Mansfield was elected, the votes
being, Mansfield 157; Townshend 145; Lord Hyde 138.

Dr. Ewin having applied to the Court of King's Bench for a
mandamus to restore him to his degrees, (3) that Court after full
argument awarded the writ, on the ground that there being no
express statute of the University forbidding usury or the lending
money to minors, the Vicechancellor's Court had no jurisdiction
in the case. Lord M^insfield however censured Dr. Ewin's conduct
in the strongest terms, and suggested that a statute to meet such
cases in future should be passed, and that the Great Seal should
be petitioned that he might be struck out of the Commission of
the Peace. Cn the 30th of June, a grace was offered to petition
the Lord Chancellor to remove Dr. Ewin from the Commission.
It passed the Regent House unanimously, and in the Non-Regent
House there were, placets 15 ; non-placets 3. On the other hand,
the Corporation petitioned he might remain in the Commission
for the Town, and certain Justices of the County likewise peti-
tioned to retain him in the County Commission. (^) Dr. Ewin was
restored to his degree of LL.D. on the 20th of October. " He
" came into the Senate House in his Gown. The Vice Chancellor
" objected to it, and he pulled it off before he was reinstated."(5)
On the 29th of October, the following grace, framed with especial
reference to this case, and in conformity with Lord Mansfield's
suggestion, passed the Senate : —

Cum experientia compertum sit non defuisse apud nos qui pessimi istius
foeneratoris instar a quo senatus-consultum Macedonianum in jure civili Ro-
manorum nomen suuni traxisse existimatur pecuniam juventuti academicse cre-
diderit atque adeo materiam peccandi malis moribus prsestiterit

CuMQUE nulla scripta lex adhuc extet quaj immane hoc flagitium poena
irrogata coliibeat

Placeat vobis quo perniciossissimo huic male reraedium aliquod paretur ut
quicunque in posterum alicui in statu pupillari sine consensu tutoris et immo •

(!) Mr. Mansfield Avas Solicitor General from July, 1730, to 20 April, 1782, and again from
IS Nov. to 2G Dec. 1783. He lost his seat for the University at the general election in 1784.
In 1804, he Avas constituted Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, which office he resigned in
February, I8I4. He died in 1821, aged 88. In 1806, he declined the offer of the Great Seal.

(2) Mr. Townshend in 1780, was returned for the University. In March, 1782, he was
constituted a Lord of the Admiralty. He, about September in the same year, went as a
volunteer on board Lord, Howe's Fleet. In .4pril, 1783, he was again appointed a Lord of
the Admiralty. At the general election in 1784, lie lost his seat for the University.

(3) Vide ante, p. 389.

(4) He was put out of the County Commission in June. 1781.

(5) MS. Cole, vii. 7, Iviii. 82; Nichols, Literarv Anecdotes of the Eit'hteenth Conturv, viii.
C44, CA7. 648.

1780] GEORGE THE THIRD. 393

dici focncris excrcendi gratia pecunias mutuas dederit post probationem legitime
in judicio factam gradu omni suscepto et suscipiendo privetur penitusque ab
academia expcllatur atque ut hajc concessio vestra vim statuti habeat et infra
octo dies procancellarii ct procuratorum libris inscribatur.CO

1780.

At a Common Hall, convened by the Mayor, in pursuance of a
requisition signed by fifteen free burgesses, and held on the 9th of
March, the following petition to the House of Commons was unani-
mously agreed to : —
To THE Honourable the Commons of Great Britain in Parliament

ASSEMBLED.

The humble Petition of the Mayor Bailiffs and Bm-gesses of the

Town of Cambridge, in Common Hall assembled,
Sheweth,

That this nation has been engaged for several years in an expensive and
most imfortunate war ; the consequence of which hath been a considerable ad-
dition to the national debt, a decline of trade, a rapid and alarming decrease
in value of the landed property cf this kingdom, and an accumulation of taxes,
by which your petitioners find themselves much oppressed.

That the reduction of the public expense has, by all orders of the commu-
nity, been long thought a proper expedient, and your petitioners are now con-
vinced it is a necessary one ; and that a reformation in the public expendi-
ture, and an economical management of the revenues of the state, will greatly
promote real content among his Majesty*s subjects, and inspire them with that
unanimity so necessary to a vigorous exertion of the force of this empire
against its combined enemies France and Spain, and to the restoring its late
flourishing state.

Your petitioners, therefore, appealing to this Honourable House, and con-
sidering the members thereof as their constitutional guardians, do most earnestly
request they will take, and urge with perseverance, the most effectual means
to correct all abuses in the expenditure of public money ; to reduce all exorbi-
tant emoluments of office ; to rescind or abolish all sinecure places and un-
merited pensions, which tend to give an unconstitutional influence to the
Ministers of the Crown, and burthen the subject beyond what the absolute
necessities of the state require.

And your petitioners will ever pray, &c.

Given under our common seal the 9th day of March, 1780.(2)

On the 17th of March, Elizabeth Butchill was executed at the
Castle for the murder, in January preceding, of her illegitimate female
child, at the house of her uncle William Hall, brewer of Trinity
College, situate within that College.(3)

A requisition was presented to Thomas Rumbold Hall Esq. High
Sheriff, requesting him to convene a County meeting to consider of

(1) Stat. Acad. Cantab, p. 4-13.

(2) Cambridge Chronicle, 4 March, 11 March, 1780.

(3) Ibid. 8 Jan. 15 Jan. 2.5 Marcli, 1780.

VOL. IV. o U

394 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1780

a petition to Parliament for a constitutional redress of grievances.
This requisition was signed by John Purchas, John Audley, Edward
King Fordham, and ninety-seven other yeomen and freeholders. The
Sheriff" declined to comply with this requisition, whereupon the re-
quisitionists convened a meeting for the 25th of March, at the Shire
Hall. That place ])eing found too small for the purpose, the
meeting was adjourned to the Senate House yard, where Lord Dun-
cannon was voted to the chair. The resolutions of this meeting
are subjoined: —

Cambridge, 2otli March, 1780.
At a very numerous and respectable Meeting of the Nobility, Gentry,
Clergy, and Freeholders of this County, held here this day, the following Pe-
tition was read and unanimously approved, except by one dissentient voice.
To the Honourable the Commons or Great Britain in Parliament

assembled.

The Petitiion of the Gentlemen, Clergy, and Freeholders of the County
of Cambridge.

Sheweth,

That your petitioners do thus publicly declare their entire and zealous ap-
probation of the legislature of this country, as placed in the free and inde-
pendent concurrence of King, Lords, and Commons, in preference to every
other mode of civil government.

That they anxiously wish the blessing of this form of legislation to be con-
tinued to their latest posterity in its constitutional purity.

That they seriously apprehend this form of legislation will be essentially
vitiated, if not virtually changed, whenever the treasure and offices of the com-
munity shall be successfully employed to bring the representatives of the people
under the influence of the executive power.

That they conceive a strong tendency to this change is at present, and has
formerly been, too notorious to admit of a doubt, or to require proof.

That they consider every system of public administration, carried on by
means of parliamentary corruption, however sanctified by time, precedent, or
authority, to be absolutely unjustifiable on every principle of good sense and
sound policy — to be as dishonourable to the upright intentions of the Crown,
as it is burthensome to the property, and dangerous to the liberties of the
people.

Your petitioners do, therefore, most solemnly apply themselves to the honour,
the justice, the integrity, of this honourable House, praying that effectual mea-
sures may be taken by this House, to enquire into and correct any gross abuses
in the expenditure of public money, to reduce all exorbitant emoluments of
office, to rescind and abolish all sinecure places and unmerited pensions, and
to use all such other constitutional means, as may tend to establish the inde-
pendence of Parliament on the most lasting foundations.

And your petitioners are the more earnest in this their prayer, because they
are of opinion, that no other expedient can equally tend to heal our internal
divisions, to imite the whole nation in the warmest support of his Majesty's
person and government against the unprovoked hostilities of the House of
Bourbon, and to put a final period to that primary source of national distress,
the American war.

1780]

GEORGE THE THIRD.

395

After which the following resolutions were proposed, and agreed to by a very
great majority, viz.

1st, Resolved, That the Petition now read, and addressed to the Honour-
able House of Commons, is approved by this Meeting.

2dly, It was then moved and seconded, That the said Petition be presented
to the House of Commons by Sir John Hynde Cotton, and Sir Sampson Gideon,
Baronets, the Members for this County. This motion was three times put by
the Chairman, and pressed by the gentlemen who supported the Petition, but
was each time rejected by a very great majority.

3dly, It was afterwards moved and seconded, That Crisp Molineux Esq. of
Chippenham in this county. Member of Parliament for Lynn, be requested to
present the said Petition to the House of Commons,(l) which motion was ap-
proved by a very great majority.

4thly, A MOTION was afterwards made, That a Committee of Correspondence
and Association be appointed by this county, similar to that of Yorkshire and
other counties, which motion was resolved in the affirmative by a very great
majority.

5thly, Resolved, That a Committee of the following Gentlemen be appointed
to carry on the necessary correspondence for effectually promoting the object
of the Petition, and to prepare a plan of an association on legal and constitu-
tional grounds, to support that laudable reform, and such other measures as
may conduce to restore the freedom of Parliament, to be presented by the
Chairman of the Committee, at the county meeting to be held by adjournment
at Cambridge, on Monday the 10th day of April next, and that the following
Gentlemen do compose that Committee ;
The Duke of Rutland

The Duke of Manchester
Lord Besborough
Lord Duncannon
Lord Robert Manners
Sir Robert Bernard, Bart.
Sir Gilias Payne, Bart.
Crisp Molineux, Esq.
John Wilkes, Esq.
Christopher Jeffreson, Esq.
Thomas Panton, Esq.
John Goddard, Esq.
Hen. Pointer Stanley, Esq.
The Rev. Dr. Watson
Rogers Parker, Esq.
John Payne, Esq
Rich. Reynolds, Esq.
Edmund Rolfe, Esq.
Thomas Day, Esq.
Thomas Brand, Esq.
James Rust, Esq.
John R. Huske, Esq.
Scarlet Browne, Esq.
J. Martin, Esq.
Henry Lyel, Esq.
George Jennings, Esq.

Richard Hagar, Esq.
John Mortlock, Esq.
John Purchas, Esq.
Ebenezer Hollick, Esq.
Eben, Hollick, jun. Esq.
The Rev. Mr. Knight
The Rev. Mr. Maris
Samuel Knight, Esq.
John Forlow, Esq.
Robert Grimditch, Esq.
Pell Akehurst, Esq.
Mr. Richard Foster
Mr. William Hollick
Mr. John Audley
Mr. Edward K. Fordliani
Mr. Wm. Nash
Mr. Joshua Finch
Mr. John Anderson
]Mr. Hale Wortham
Mr. Nathaniel Wcdd
Mr. N. V. Stevens
Mr. Henry Morley
Mr. Edmund Taylor
Mr. Wm. Hay ward, and
Mr. William Hurrcll.

(1) Mr. Molincux's speech on prescntiu? this petition is given
nicle, 22 April, 1780.

the Cambridge Chro-

396 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1780

6thly, Resolved, That the said Committee have power to increase their
number, and that seven be a quorum to carry on the necessary business.

7thly, Resolved, That the thanks of this meeting be given to the yeomen
and freeholders of this county, who signed the requisition to the Sheriff, and
•who, on his refusal called the present meeting.

8thly, Resolved, That the thanks of this meeting be given to his Grace
the Duke of Rutland, his Grace the Duke of Manchester, Sir Robert Bernard,
Bart., Crisp Molineux, Esq., John Wilkes, Esq. and to such other gentlemen
as have attended this meeting in support of the petition.

9th, Resolved, That the thanks of this meeting be given to Lord Duncan-
non. Chairman, for his liberal and impartial conduct at this meeting.

10th, Resolved, That the Committee appointed at this meeting be immedir
ately adjourned to the Rose Tavern.

DuNCANNOX, Chairman of the Meeting.(l)

The address was written by Dr. Richard Watson Regius Professor
of Divinity. The principal speakers in support of the address and
resolutions were John Wilkes Esq. Thomas Day Esq. (2) Crispe
Molineux Esq. M.P. for Lynn Regis, and the Duke of Manchester.
Sir John Hynde Cotton and Sir Sampson Gideon the county mem-
bers also addressed the meeting.

At the meeting of the committee at the Rose tavern, the Duke of
Rutland was elected Chairman, and letters were read from William
Greaves Esq. of Fulbourn and Henry Lyell Esq. of Bourn, approv-
ing of the object of the meeting and explaining their non-attendance.
The committee adjourned for a week, when it met again.(3) On

(1) Cambridg-e Chronicle, 1 April, 17S0.

(2) Author of Sandford and Merton.

(3) " At a Meeting of the Committee of the county of Cambridge, held at the Rose
" tavern in Cambridg-e, on Saturday the first day of April, 1780, the following- resolutions
" were ag-reed to : —

" 1st. Resolved, That the form of association agreed to by the committee of the county
" of York, and adopted at the g-eneral meeting of the said county, held the 28th of March
" last, and communicated to the Chairman of this meeting by the clerk of the said commit-
" tee, to be taken into consideration at the adjourned meeting of this committee, on Friday
" next at twelve o'clock in the forenoon.

" 2d. Resolved, That it is the opinion of this committee that petitions to Parliament are
" the ancient and undoubted right of the people of England. That every method taken to
" represent the present peaceable and constitutional petitions of the people, as originating
" in disaffection to the constitution, or tending to promote dissention in the state, is a daring
" violation of that right and an unmerited calumny on the intentions of those who have sup-
" ported them.

"3d. Resolved, That the thanks of this committee be given to those Members of the
" House of Commons who voted in support of Sir George Savile's motion for the production
" of the pension list, and against the amendment made by Lord North "which tended to de-
" feat the same.

" 4th. Resolved, That the thanks of this committee be given to those Members of the
" House of Commons who voted in support of that clause of Mr. Burke's bill for the aboli-
" tion of the Board of Trade.

" 5th. Resolved, That the particular thanks of this committee be given to those Mem-
" bers of the House of Commons who supported that clause in Mr. Burke's Bill which
" tended to abolish the Treasurer of the Chamber, the Board of Green Cloth, &c. &c. as this
" committee doth upon the most mature deliberation, reprobate the idea that Parliament
" hath no constitutional authority to regulate, in any case whatever, the expenditure of the
" Civil List.

" 6th. Resolved, That the Chairman of this committee be requested to express to the
" Rt. Hon. the Earl of Shelburne, the great concern which this committee felt at the danger
" to Avhich a life so valuable as his Lordship's has lately been exposed, in consequence of
" his manly support of the rights of the people in Parliament, against the undue influence
" of the Crown, and the extravagant profusion of the public money.

" 7th. Besolved, That the thanks of this committee be given to Sir G. Savile, F.dm.
"Burke, Esq., the Right Hon. Isaac Barre, Esq., Sir P. J. Gierke, John Dunning, and

1780] GEORGE THE THIRD. 397

the 10th of April, another County meeting was held, at which the
following resolutions were passed : —

At a meeting of the Gentry, Clergy, and Freeholders of the county of
Cambridge, held by adjournment at the Shire Hall in Cambridge, on Monday
the 10th day of April 1780, the Chairman of the Committee delivered to the
Chairman of the Meeting the following paper, which was twice read,

" Whereas the Committee appointed at the last county meeting for effectually
promoting the object of the petition to Parliament then agreed to, and for
preparing a plan of association on legal and constitutional grounds, to support
that laudable reform, and such other measures as may conduce to restore the
freedom of Parliament, have received authentic information that the general
allegation of the said petition, and of many other petitions, from various counties,
and boroughs, respecting the influence of the executive power over the repre-
sentatives of the people, hath been taken into consideration, and admitted by
the honourable the Commons of Great Britain in Parliament assembled, as just
and well founded : And whereas the said Commons have resolved, that the
increased and increasing influence of the Crown (or in words to that effect)
Ought to be Diminished.

" And whereas this very important resolution of the said Commons, was
followed by other resolutions tending to a laudable reform in the expenditure
of pubHc money, and to establish the independence of parliament on the most
lasting foundations ; the Comifiittee taking these and other circumstances into
their most serious consideration, and being desirous of shewing all proper re-
spect to the deliberations, and of placing a due reliance on the discretion and
integrity of the representatives of the people, do for these reasons decline for
the present, proposing any plan of association, sincerely trusting that the House
of Commons having made so noble a beginning, will be animated with a zeal
to persevere, in deserving the highest confidence, and the warmest thanks of
their constituents and fellow subjects.

*' The Committee are thoroughly sensible that, from the vicissitudes incident
to all human establishments, the civil constitution of this country hath suffered
in the course of less than a century, some change, and that it doth at present
stand in need of some reform ; but whether that reform may be best accom-
plished by recurring to triennial parliaments, by disfranchising the lesser bo-
roughs, by increasing the numbers of the knights of the shires, by regulating
the expenditure of the public money, or by other means, they do not at pre-
sent think proper to declare their opinion, being persuaded that the Commons
of Great Britain in Parliament assembled, having signified their inclination to
make a reform, do not stand in need of being instructed in the way of doing it.

" The Committee being actuated by the most unfeigned regard for the con-
stitution of their country, feel a satisfaction which cannot be expressed in
hoping that the representatives of the people, ca'.led upon as they are by the
voice of the people, will unite in healing our internal divisions, by confirming
our confidence in their integrity ; will conspire us zealously in protecting the
prerogative of the Crown from all attempts to lessen it, as in protecting the

" John Crewe Esqrs. for the several motions made, and bills brought into Parliament by
" them this session.

*' 8th. Resolved, That the following gentlemen be added to this committee, viz. : —
" John lladcliffe, Esq. Mr. John Mnrkin.

" Nicholson Calvert, Esq. Mr. Samuel Wells.

" John Gifford, Esq.

" Rt'TLANP, Chairman."
—Cambridge Chronicle, 8 April, 1780.

398 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1780

representation of the people, from that corrupting influence which forebodes
the ruin of the constitution, and which they in their wisdom have already
solemnly resolved ought to be diminished."

A motion being then made, and the question put, that an association be for
the present deferred; it was unanimously resolved in the affirmative. After
which a motion being then made and the question put, it was

Resolved unanimously. That the sincerest thanks of this General Meet-
ing of the county of Cambridge be given to the 233 Members of the House
of Commons who composed the majority on the three following resolutions
of that House on the 6th instant.

1st. That it is necessary to declare, that the influence of the Crown has
encreased, is encreasing and ought to be diminished.

2. That it is competent to the House of Commons to examine into, and to
correct the abuses in the expenditure of the civil list revenue, whenever it
shall seem expedient to the wisdom of this House so to do.

3d. That it is the duty of the House of Commons to provide, as far as may
be, an immediate and effectual redress of the abuses complained of in the pe-
titions presented from the different counties, cities, and tOAvns of this kingdom.

Resolved unanimously. That it is the opinion of this meeting, that the
prosecution of an offensive war in America, is most evidently a measure which,
by employing our great and enormously expensive military operations against
the inhabitants of that country, prevents this from exerting its united vigorous
and firm efforts against the powers of France and Spain, and has no other
effect upon America than to continue, and thereby to increase the enmity
which has so long and so fatally subsisted betwixt the arms of both ; can be
productive of no good whatever ; but, by preventing conciliation, threatens the
accomplishment of the final ruin of the British empire.

Resolved unanimously, That the thanks of this Meeting be given to
those worthy members of both houses of Parliament, who, foreseeing and
forewarning their country of the consequences, have uniformly opposed the
coercion of America ; and that they be entreated to use their wisdom in ac-
complishing, and not yet even to despair of effecting a re-union with that
country, on beneficial, just, and honourable terms.

Resolved unanimously. That this Meeting be adjourned, sine die, subject
to the call of the Committee ; and that the Committee be adjourned, sine
die, subject to the call of the Chairman of the Committee.

Resolved unanimously, That the thanks of this Meeting be given to Lord
Duncannon, Chairman.

After which, the Meeting was adjourned by the Chairman sine die.

Duncannon, Chairman.(l)

On the 2nd of June, a grace passed exempting all persons 70
years of age from University offices.(2)

There was a general illumination, with a display of fireworks
and a bonfire on the Market Hill, on arrival of the news of the
surrender of Charlestown.(3)

(1) CambridgeChronicle, 15 April, 1780. See as to this and the preceding' county meeting,
Anecdotes of the Life of Richard Watson Bishop of Laudatt", 2nd edit. i. 125—136; Nichols,
Literary Anecdotes of the Eighteenth Century, viii. 666; Nichols, Illustrations of the
Literary History of the Eighteenth Century, vi. 290.

(2) Stat. Acad. Cantab, p. 442.

(8) Cambridge Chronicle, 24 June, 1780.

1780] GEORGE THE THIRD. 399

At the general election, the candidates for the Town were James
Whorwood Adeane Efeq.(i) Benjamin Keene Esq. and Christopher
Potter of New Barns Ely Esq. The election took place on the 6th
of September, when the votes were, Adeane 96; Keene 83; Potter 18.(2)
On the 16th of November, was presented to the House of Com-
mons a petition from Mr. Potter, complaining that Mr. Keene's re-
turn was procured by treating and other corrupt and illegal practices,
but this petition was not prosecuted to a hearing.(3)

The candidates for the representation of the University were
James Mansfield Esq. M.A. of King's College, the Hon. John Towns-
hend M.A. of St. John's College, Thomas Villiers Lord Hyde (4)
M.A. of St. John's College, Richard Croftes Esq. M.A. of St. John's
College, and the Hon. William Pitt(5) M.A. of Pembroke Hall.
The election took place on the 9th of September, when the votes
were Mansfield 277; Townshend 247; Hyde 206; Croftes 150;
Pitt 142. 542 members of the Senate voted on this occasion.(6)

The candidates for the County were Lord Robert MannerSjC^)
the Hon. Philip Yorke,(8) and Sir Sampson Gideon Bart.(«) The poll
was taken at the Castle on the 14th of September, it began at

(1) Mr. Adeane who was a Major General in the army, represented the town till I7S9,
when he vacated his seat by accepting- the office of Groom of the King's Bedchamber.
In the same year, he was elected for the county on the death of Sir Henry Peyton, Bart,
and continued M.P. for the county till his death in 1802.

(2) Cambridge Chronicle, 9 Sept. 1780; Corporation Common Day Book.

(3) Commons' Journals, xxxviii. 31, G3, 337.

In Oct. 1781 , Mr. Potter was elected for Colchester, on the death of Mr. Hebow, the votes
being Potter 634; Commodore Affleck 567. Mr. Potter contested Colchester again in July,
1784, and Avas unsuccessful, the votes being Sir Robert Smyth 655; Potter 382. He after-
wards set up a porcelain manufactory in Prance.

(4) Lord Hyde was returned for Helstone, but on a petition was declared not to be duly
elected.

(5) Mr. Pitt was returned for Appleby Jan. 1781.

(6) Cambridge Chronicle, 16 Sept. 1780.

(7) Youngest son of John Marquess of Granbyby the Lady Frances Seymour, daughter of
Charles Duke of Somerset Chancellor of this University. He was born on the 5th February,
1758, and educated at Eton College. He entered the navy at 14 years of age, and served in
eleven general actions. He was at the time of his election engaged in active service, and
never took his seat for the county. He commanded the Resolution of 74 guns, in the en-
gagement of the 12th of April, 1 782, with the French fleet, commanded by Count De Grasse.
In this engagement both his legs were shattered and his right arm was fractured at the
same instant. He died of his wounds on the 24th of April, 1784. Parliament voted a monu-
ment in Wesminster Abbey to the memory of this heroic and justly popular young nobleman.

(8) Afterwards the third Earl of Kardwicke.

(9) Only son of a wealthy Jew of the same name (of whom there are some particulars in
Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, vi. 85, ix. 642, Illustrations of the Literature of tlie Eighteentli
Century, vi. 277—284,) by Elizabeth daughter of Charles ErmcU Esq. This lady Mas a mem-
ber of the Church of England, and her son was educated in that religion. He was created a
baronet in 1759, being then only in his eleventh year. He was elected for the county of
Cambridge 22nd of November,'l770, and continued to represent it till the election above
mentioned. In November, 1780, he was returned for Midhurst. in the room of the Hon.
John St. John, Avho made his election to serve for another place. At the general election in
1784, Sir Sampson Gideon was returned for Coventry, jointly with his brother-in-law John
Eardley Wilmot Esq., the numbers being Gideon 588; W'ilmot 585; Lord Sheffield 558;
Henry "Seymour Conway Esq- (afterwards Marquess of Hertford) 533. In 1789. Sir Sampson
Gideon changed his name to Eardley by royal licence, and in November of the same year, he
was created an Irish peer by the title of Baron Eardley of Spalding, in the county of Lin-
coln. On his death without male issue in 1S24, tliis title became extinct.

400 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1781

nine in the morning and closed at seven in the evening, when
the numbers were declared to be, Manners 1741; Yorke 1452;
Gideon 1058.0 2635 freeholders polled at this election.

On the Gth of December, the Corporation ordered that the Mayor
might nominate his honorary freeman without first obtaining the
assent of six Aldermen.(2)

1781.

On the 25th of January two graces were passed, one requiring
the assent of the Senate to applications for royal mandates for de-
grees, the other designed to put a check on the employment of
private tutors. The latter was opposed in both Houses : Regents,
placets 41; non-placets 13 : xNon-Regents : placets 89; non-placets
3.(3) Both graces are subjoined : —

Placeat vobis Tit nullse litera; certificatorise ad gradum quemlibet in aca-
demia per literas regias obtinendum ad cancellarium a procancellario et prae-
fectis collegiorum transmittahtur nisi impetrato prius per gratiam senatus con-
sensu.

His autem rite peractis literisque regiis proinde receptis et a procancellario
in plena congregatione lectis gradus iste sine ulteriore gratia conferatur.

Cum mos nuper in academia invaluerit ut unusquisqiie fere sophistarum
aliquem sibi auxillii causa inter studia quae ad gradum baccalaureatus in arti-
bus spectant prosequenda sub privati tutoris nomine asciscat non sine aca-
demiae infamia et gravissimis eorum expensis qui summo labore suo et cura
studiosos alunt

Placeat vobis ut si quis in posterum scholaris intra biennium gradum
suscepturus inter dicta studia prosequenda cujuslibet usus fuerit auxilio intra
academiam directe vel indirecte stipendio aut mercede conducti sive privati
tutoris seu alio qi;ocunque sub nomine hujusmodi omnem sibi aditum ad se-
nioritatem baccalaureis reservatam preeclusum intelligat. Piioviso tamen ne
ii qui anno proximo sequente admittendi sunt ad respondendum qusestioni hoc
statute teneantur.(4)

On the 1st of March there was an election for the rectories of
Framlinghanl Earl, and Bixley in Norfolk, in the patronage of a
Roman Catholic; the candidates w^ere Robert Sole M.A. of Corpus
Christi College and Charles Sutton B.A. of St. John's College. The
votes were. Sole 72; Sutton 44.^5)

On the 26th of May, the Senate voted £100. towards repairing
churches in the West Indies damaged bv a hurricane.(G)

(1) See as to this election Horace Walpolc's Correspondence, ed. 1840, vi- 20 n.

(2) Corporation Common Day Book.
(.3) Cambridg-e Chronicle, 27 .Tan. 1781.

(4) Stat. Acad. Cahtah. p. 443.
{T)) London Newspaper.

(5) Camhridjre Chronicle, 2 .li>.n<*, 17S1.

1781] GEORGE THE THIRD. 401

An almanack duty act, which received the royal assent on the
5th of July, contains the following clause : —

And whereas the Power of granting a Liberty to print Almanacks, and
other Books, was heretofore supposed to be an inherent Right in the Crown;
And whereas the Crown, hath by different Charters under the Great Seal,
granted to the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, among other Things,
the Privilege of printing Almanacks: And whereas the Universities did de-
mise to the Company of Stationers of the City of London, their Privileges of
printing and vending Almanacks and Calendars, and have received an annual
Sum of one thousand pounds and upwards, as a Consideration for such Privi-
lege : And whereas the Money so received by them has been laid out and
expended in promoting different Branches of Literature and Science, to the
great Increase of Religion and Learning, and the general Benefit and Advant-
age of these Realms : And avhereas the Privilege or Right of printing Alma-
nacks has been by a late Decision at Law, found to have been a common
Right, over which the Crown had no Controul,(l) and consequently the Uni-
versities no Power to demise the same to any particular Person or Body of
Men, whereby the Payments so made to them by the Company of Stationers
have ceased and been discontinued ; be it therefore enacted by the Autho-
rity aforesaid. That, from and after the twenty-fourth day of June one thou-
sand seven hundred and eighty-one, there shall be issued paid and applied, in
every Year, out of the Monies which shall arise by the Duty herein-before
granted,(2) the Sums of Money following, to the two Universities of Oxford
and Cambridge; that is to say, the Sum of five hundred Pounds to the Uni-
versity of Oxford, and the Sum of five hundred Pounds to the University of
Cambridge; which said several and respective Sums of Money shall be, and
are hereby charged upon the Duty herein-before granted, and shall be paid
thereout yearly and every Year, at the two usual Feasts ; that is to say,
the Feast of the Nativity of Saint John the Baptist, and the Birth of our Lord
Christ; the first Payment to be made, on the Feast of the Birth of our Lord
Christ after passing this Act, by the Receiver General of his Majesty's Stamp-
duties, free and clear of all Fees, Dues, Duties, Taxes, and Deductions what-
soever, unto the Chancellors, Masters, and Scholars, of the said Universities of
Oxford and Cambridge, and to be received by the Hands of the Vice-chancellor
of each University respectively, or by some Person or Persons duly authorised
by each respective Vice-chancellor, under his Hand, to receive the same, to
and for the sole Use and Benefit of each of the said Universities ; and the
Receipt of the Vice-chancellor of each University, or of the Person or Persons
duly authorised as aforesaid, by him to receive the same, shall be a sufficient
Receipt to the said Receiver General of the Stamp-duties, and shall be allowed
by the Auditor and Auditors of the Imprest, and all other Persons concerned
in passing his Accounts, as a full and sufficient Discharge for the making such
Payments out of the aforesaid Duty.(3)

The annual sum payable under this act was by a grace passed
llth of June 1782, placed at the disposal of the Syndics of the press
for the publication of new works or editions of old works.(4)

(1) Vide ante, pp. 347, 390.

(2) The stamp duties on almanacks were repealed by stat. 4 & 5 Gul. IV. c. 57.

(3) Stat. 21 Geo. III. c. 56, s. 10.

(4) Stat. Acad. Cantab, p. 445.

VOL. IV. 3 E

40^ GEORGE THE THIRD. [1781

The paper duty act of this year contains a clause allowing a
drawback to the Universities in respect of paper used in printing
books in the Latin, Greek, Oriental or Northern languages.^)

There were four elections of Mayor this year before one of the
Aldermen could be induced to serve the office. Aldermen Mott, Hal-
stead, and Finch severally paid the fine of £40. for refusing to serve
the office.(2) These fines were afterwards mitigated to 13s. 4:d.{^)

On the 29th of October, died Peter Stephen Goddard D.D. He
was born in Cambridge, and was the son of a French refugee barber.
He was educated at Clare Hall, where he graduated B.A. 1724,
M.A. 1728. He was elected a fellow of his College and appointed
one of the tutors. In 1745 he was senior proctor of the University.
On the 3d of April 1747, he was instituted to the rectory of Forn-
ham All Saints in Suffolk, as he was, on the 18th of January 1748,
to the rectory of Westley in the same county, both benefices being
in the patronage of the College. In 1761 he took the degree of
D.D. and the next year was elected Master of Clare Hall and Vice-
chancellor of the University. Whilst his fellow-collegian Dr. Richard
Terrick filled the see of Peterborough, Dr. Goddard was collated
to a prebendal stall in that cathedral^ and in September 1770 the
same prelate, then Bishop of London, made him prebendary of
Harlston in the cathedral church of St. Paul. On the 19th of
October 1774, Dr. Goddard was instituted to the rectory of Whep-
sted in Suffolk, on the presentation of Edmund Horrex Esq. He
resigned Fornham All Saints and Westley in 1776. In April 1781
he published a volume of sermons with an absurd dedication to
the Duke of Newcastle, who had been his pupil. Upon his ele-
vation to the Mastership of Clare Hall, he became very arbitrary
and whimsical, and was at length to a certain extent disordered
in his intellects. He married, 4th of May, 1748, the daughter of
Mr. Mortlock draper of Cambridge, and on her death an Essex
lady named Cox, but had no issue by either marriage. By his
will he gave £3400. 3 per cent, consols to the clergymen's widows
in Storey's almshouses,(4) and endowed a scholarship at Clare Hall
for the descendant of a French protestant refugee; but it turned
out that he left more legacies than his estate would bear.(5)

(1) Stat. 21 Geo. III. c. 24, s. 40.

(2) Corporation Common Day Book, 17 Au^. 1781.

(3) Ibid. 30 Sept. 1782.

(4) Vide ante, p. 22 n.

(.5) Cole, Athenae Cantabrigienses ; MS. Cole, ii. 9, lix. 387—389; Gage, Hist, of Hundred
of Thingoe (Suffolk) 94, 257, 401.

1782] GEORGE THE THIRD. 403

The Committee of the Thames and Canal Navigation of the city
of London, having caused a survey to be made by Mr. Whitvv'orth
with a view to judge of the practicability of a junction of the
navigation of the Cam at Cambridge, and the Stort at Bishop's
Stortford, by way of Saffron Walden, a public meeting to consider
the subject was convened at the Crown at Great Qiesterford on
the 26th of October ; but some who were present objected to a
chairman being appointed till it was explained who called the
meeting, and this not being conceded, nothing was done.(i)

This year, St. Peter's church was rebuilt under a brief obtained
eight years previously. Including the steeple, it is but 41 feet
4 inches in length. It was rebuilt "not so much with a view to
restore the church, as to commemorate the site. "(2)

1782.

This year, the Corporation commenced rebuilding the Guildhall,
from the designs of James Essex F.S.A.(3) The Earl of Kinnoul
Recorder contributed £I00.(^) and the Hon. Philip Yorke M.P. for
the county £200. towards the expence. Money was also raised
by admitting a number of honorary freemen at 30 guineas each.

(1) Cambridge Chronicle, 20 Oct. 3 Nov. 10 Nov, 1781. See under 1788 and 1789.

(2) Transactions of Cambridge Camden Society, p. 7; MS. Bowtell, iii, 742.

(3) The following inscription was inserted in the foundation stone : —

" Faxit Deus ut haec nova Gilda Aula Communitatis Villce Cantabrigise in ipsissimo
" loco veteris jam periclitantis et minosae posita resurgat in honorem hujus venerandi
" Municipii et prosperitatem. Resedificata autem fuit haec Domus Communis sive Gilda
" Aula per Communitatem Villse, amicis faventibus, Joanne fllerrill tunc Majore Villse
" Cantabrigise, Anno Regni Regis Georgii tertii 22do, Annoque Domini 1782. Jacobo
" Essex Architecto." — Corporation Cross Book.

(4) The following letter was sent by the Earl of Kinnoul to the Mayor : —

" Dupplin, Deer. 1st, 1781.
" Sir,
" In pursuance of your letter of the I9th past, I enclose a draught for £100. upon
" Messrs. Drummond's Bankers, Charing Cross, which will be paid at sight, to your
•' order, When received you will be pleased to send me a discharge for that sum as my
" subscription toAvards building the New Town Hall.

" The Corporation, by their Varm acceptance, put too high a value upon this small
" token of the gratitude of an old servant who though removed to a distance is proud
" of the connection which he still retains with that respectable body. The inhabitants
" may be assured, that I shall ever retain a just sense of their regard, the continuance
•' of which after so long an absence cannot but be extremely flattering. My best days
" during almost the whole course of my public life were spent in their service. S'e-
" eluded from the Avorld in the more quiet hours of retirement, I often reflect with the
" greatest satisfaction upon the many kind marks of their friendship which I received
" while I had the honour of representing them in Parliament, and my memory can trace
" back without remorse the several steps of my own conduct.

" I entreat the favour of you to make my best compliments acceptable to all who re-
" main of my old acquaintance.

"I am with great regard,
" Sir,
" Your most humble and most obedient servant,
" Kinnoul.
" P.S. Accept my acknowledgements which are justly due to you for the handsome and
" polite manner in which you have executed the order of the Corporation." — Corporation
Common Day Book.

404 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1782

The total cost was £2500. and the new building was opened for
public business on the 25th of May, 1 784.(1)

On the 15th of May, a public meeting of the inhabitants was
held at the Shire Hall, to take into consideration the letter and
plan of the Earl of Shelburne for increasing the internal defence
of the kingdom. The following resolution was passed unanimously : —

Resolved, That in the present alarming and exposed state of the nation, the
inhabitants of this towTi are ready and willing to comply with his Majesty's
recommendation, and to second the endeavours of the present active Admi-
nistration, by adopting any constitutional plan, under the sanction of Govern-
ment, for the raising of a speedy and effective internal defence for this king-
dom, subject to such local regulations as their situation and circumstances
may require :(2) And at the same time in the humblest manner beg leave to
express to his Majesty the high sense of gratitude they feel at seeing those
men taken into his councils, in whom the nation have the firmest reliance ;
and desire this their disposition may be signified to his Majesty's principal
Secretary of State.

At another meeting held at the Black Bear on the 17th of May,
it was agreed to form a corps or military association of 100 men,
who were to find their own uniforms, the expence of arms and
accoutrements to be defrayed by voluntary subscription.13)

On the 20th of May, the town was brilliantly illuminated on
account of Admiral Rodney's victory in the West Indies over the
French fleet commanded by the Count De Grasse. Before the re-
joicings began, a dumb peel was rung at Great St. Mary's for the
loss of Lord Robert Manners M.P. for the county, who died from
the wounds he received in the engagement.(4)

At a county meeting convened by H. P. Standly Esq. High
Sheriff, and held on the 8th of June, the following address was
unanimously agreed to. It was drawn by Dr. Watson Regius Pro-
fessor of Divinity, submitted to the meeting by Alderman Purchas,
proposed by Sir Henry Peyton a candidate for the representation
of the county, and seconded by John Mortlock Esq. : —
To THE King's most Excellent Majesty.
Most gracious Sovereign,

We your Majesty's loyal subjects, freeholders and other inhabitants of the
county of Cambridge, beg leave to approach your throne ; and we approach it,
we presume, with a well-grounded confidence, that you will be graciously pleased
to accept the thanks, which we thus tender to your Majesty, for your paternal

(1) Corporation Common Day Book ; MS. Bowtell. ill. 490.

(2) What follows is an amendment proposed by John Mortlock Esq. and acceeded to by
the proposer.

(3) Cambridge Chronicle, 18 May, 25 May, 1 June, 1782.

(4) Cambridge Chronicle, 25 May, 1782.

1782] GEORGE THE THIRD. 405

goodness to your people, shewn in confiding your councils, and the adminis-
tration of public measures, to men of approved integrity, consummate ability,
intelligent activity, undoubted loyalty, and firm attachment to the genuine con-
stitution of their country.

Under the auspices of such an administration we trust that our enemies of
the House of Bourbon will yet be humbled; that our ancient allies will sec
cause to regret their new connections, and that our brethren in America will
not be averse from peace; and we sincerely congratulate your Majesty on the
late important success of your arms in the East and West Indies, as probable
means of effectuating these ends.

Persuaded that by such ministers our money will not be misapplied, we
will, with chearfulness, submit to every burden, which may enable your Ma-
jesty to convince the powers of Europe, that you have the singular felicity
of reigning over a Free and Magnanimous People, impatient of every the most
distant tendency to despotism, but beyond all others affectionate to their Prince,
and zealous for his honor.

Convinced that a system of parliamentary corruption is derogatory from the
Avisdom and equity of your Majesty's government, expensive to the state and
ruinous to the constitution, we beg leave to express our hearty approbation of
the measures, which your Majesty's ministers have taken in Parliament to de-
stroy it, and at the same time to testify our most cordial thanks to your Ma-
jesty for the greatness of mind displayed in your concurring with such salutary
councils. What more remains to be done, we doubt not will be done, with as
just a regard for the monarchical as for the democratical part of the constitu-
tion ; for we are not of those who wish to see the constitution altered, but
Restored to its original purity.

It was agreed that the address should be signed by the Chairman
and presented to the King by Mr. Yorke M.P. for the county. It
was also resolved unanimously, on the motion of Sir Henry Pey-
ton, seconded by Mr. Mortlock : —

That the thanks of this meeting be given, by the High Sheriff, to the Hon.
Wm. Pitt, for his constitutional motion made on the 7th of May, and to those
other gentlemen who supported it.

That it is the opinion of this meeting, that a more equal representation of
the people and shortening the duration of parliament is perfectly constitutional,
and the most likely means to insure the liberties of the people.! I)

The act for licensing lottery office keepers contains a clause
that no license should be granted for having any lottery office
within the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, or either of
them, that any such license should be void and the person or per-
sons acting thereunder liable to the same penalty as an unlicensed
person.(2)

On the 16th of August, Francis Tunwell Alderman was elected
Mayor for the ensuing year. The then Mayor, three aldermen, five
comraoncouncilmen, and three other burgesses protested against

(1) Cambridge Chronicle, 15 Jane, 1782; Anecdotes of the Life of Richard Watson Bishop
of Landaff, 2nd edit. i. 146.

(2) Stat. 82 Geo. III. c. 47, s. 5.

406 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1782

this election, on the ground that Alderman Tunwell had served
the office within six years. (i) On the 29th of September, Alderman
Tunwell was sworn as Mayor, and paid the Corporation a fine of
£200. for breach of the bye law of 1738, and Joseph Butcher one
of the electors paid a fine of £100. for breach of the same bye
law. On the 30th of September, orders were made for repaying
these penalties, and it was ordered that any Alderman might be
elected Mayor who had been out of that office for one year.(2)
Aldermen Tunwell's election as Mayor was held valid by the Court
of King's Bench. (3)

Richard Beadon D.D.(^) Master of Jesus College, was re-elected
Vicechancelior, after a contest with John Torkington B.D. Master
of Clare Hall : the votes being Beadon 55 ; Torkington 10.

On the 16th of December, died at Milton, where he had long
resided, the Rev. William Cole F.S.A., M.A. sometime of Clare
Hall and afterwards of King's College. For forty years he had
sedulously applied himself in the investigation of the History and
Antiquities of the County, University, and Town of Cambridge, and
the compilation of an Athense Cantabrigienses. His collections,
occupying more than 100 folio volumes, he bequeathed to the
British Museum,(5) ^ith directions that they should remain un-
opened for twenty years after his death. They contain also much
that relates to other counties, and a great body of miscellaneous
matter. As he had strong prejudices, " a gossips ear and a tatler's
pen," they are sullied with much personal and party acrimony;
and his hostility to the reformers of the Church is sometimes ex-
pressed in the most indecent terms. These volumes, however, cout
tain much that is curious, valuable, and interesting, and shew that
with all his prejudices and disagreeable propensities, he was a
learned, sagacious, and indefatigable antiquary. He was buried at
St. Clements in Cambridge, on the 22nd of December. He left a
sum of money, payable on the death of his last surviving sister,
for building a steeple to that church, and for augmenting the en-
dowment of Storey's almshouses, and gave £10. for a monument
in St. John's College chapel to the memory of the learned and
excellent Thomas Baker B.D.(6)

(1) Vide ante, pp. 42, 241.

(2) Corporation Common Day Book.

(3) See under 1783.

(i) Bishop of Gloucester 1789, of Bath and Wells 1S02.

(5) MS. Addit, 5799—5884, 5952— 595.'), 6960, 6397. Vol. xvii. of his Collections never
reached the Museum. It is conjectured to have contained a History of Queens' College.
(C) Vide ante, p. 242.

1783] GEORGE THE THIRD. 407

At this time there was a carp in the pond at Emmanuel Col-
lege that had been there thirty-six years. It had lost one eye,
but knew and would constantly approach its feeder.(i)

1783.

The following petition was agreed to at a public meeting of the
inhabitants, held at the Rose tavern on the 10th of January :(2) —

To THE HONOUEABLE THE COMMONS OF GrEAT BRITAIN IN PARLIAMENT
ASSEMBLED.

The HUMBLE Petition of tlie undersigned Inhabitants of the Town

of Cambridge,
Sheweth,
That the present disproportioned and unequal representation of the Com-
mons of this realm appears to be in no instance more remarkable, than in that
of the privileges of election, exercised in great towns by a small proportion of
the inhabitants, to the exclusion of the rest ; who cannot, without regret, feel
themselves destitute of the first of constitutional rights ; a share in the elec-
tion of those who are chosen to represent them.

Under these circumstances your petitioners desire to state to this Honour-
able House, that the two members of Parliament to represent this town are
elected by 180 free burgesses of the Corporation, of which not more than 100
are resident ; and that the number of inhabitants in the said town is by com-
putation 7000, of which about 1200 are assessed to the parish rates.

To the wisdom and justice of this Honourable House, your petitioners there-
fore respectfully apply, praying that their petition may be taken into conside-
ration, and such relief granted as is agreeable to the constitutional principles
of representation.

And your Petitioners shall ever pray, &c.(2)

On the 24th of January was read a third time in the House
of Commons, " a Bill to enable such Heads of Colleges and Halls,
^* within the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, as are now
*' prohibited by the Statutes of the said Colleges or Halls from
" marrying, to marry, and to enable married Men to be elected
*' Heads of such Colleges or Halls." The bill passed the Com-
mons, but probably some material amendment had been made in
it in committee, as when the title was fixed, the words " within
" the University of Oxford " were substituted for " within the Uni-
" versities of Oxford and Cambridge."(3)

The Court of King's Bench having granted rules calling on Francis
TuDwell Mayor of the Town to shew cause why a quo warranto
information should not be exhibited against him, and on the Cor-

el) Walton's Complete Angler, ed. Rennie, 145.
<2) Cambridge Chronicle, 18 Jan. 1783.
(3) Commons' Journals, xxxix. 109.

408 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1783

poration to shew cause why a mandamus should not issue com-
manding them to rescind the orders made by them on the 30th
of September 1782,(i) cause was shewn on the 31st of January this
year, when both rules were discharged, the Court holding that no
Corporation had the power to make a bye law narrowing the
number of persons eligible to office, consequently that Alderman
Tunwell's election as Mayor was good, and the bye laws of the
23d May 1699(2) and 29th June 1738(3) void.(4)

The following resolutions of the Cambridgeshire Committee(5) were
passed on the 17th of February, at a meeting convened by the
Duke of Rutland: —

Cambridgeshire Committee.

At a meeting of the committee held at the Rose tavern in Cambridge, the
17th day of February, 1783, in pursuance of a call by a public advertisement
irom the Duke of Rutland, chairman. After reading letters from the Duke of
Rutland and other members of the committee, expressive of their approbation
of the meeting, and concern at not being able to attend ; the letter of the Rev.
Mr. Wyvill being read, it was

Resolved unanimously. That a letter of thanks be wrote by the chairman
to the Rev. Mr. "Wyvill, for his letter to this committee, assuring him of their
concurrence with the respectable committee of the county of York in all con-
stitutional measures for a reform in the present unequal representation of the
people, and for shortening the duration of parliament ; and at the same time
to declare, that it is the sense of this committee, that the more extensive the
reform in the representation is made, the more likely it vpill be to answer the
benefit intended.

Resolved unanimously. That it is the opinion of this committee, that it
is not necessary at this time to call any meeting of the county, to consider of
a petition to parliament for a more equal representation of the people, and for
shortening the duration of parliament ; because at the last general meeting of
the county it was unanimously resolved, to thank Mr. Pitt for his constitu-
tional motion in parliament on the 7th of May last ; and that it was the opi-
nion of that meeting, that a more equal representation of the people and
shortening the duration of parliament, was perfectly constitutional, and the
most likely means to insure the liberties of the people.

Resolved unanimously. That the chairman do by letter, on behalf of this
committee, request the representatives for the county to support the promised
motion of the Right Hon. the Chancellor of the Exchequer,(6) for the above
purpose, whenever the same shall come before the House, or any other motion
that may be made to that effect.

Eben. Hollick, jun.

Chairman for the day. (7)

(1) Vide ante, p. 406.

(2) Vide ante, p. 42.

(3) Vide ante, p. 241.

(4) Cambridge Chronicle, 8 Feb. 1783 ; Corporation Cross Book.

(5) Vide ante, p. 395.

(6) Mr. Pitt, whose second motion for parliamentary reform was made 7th of May, IZS.T,
and was negatived by 293 to 149.

(7) Cambridge Chronicle, 15 Feb. 22 Feb. l78o.

1784] GEORGE THE THIRD. 409

On the 8th of October, the Mayor and Corporation, attended by
many of the principal inhabitants, rode in procession from the Town
Hall, with a band of music, flags, &:c., and proclaimed the peace at
the customary places. The Mayor gave a dinner at the Rose Tavern,
and several barrels of beer were distributed to the populace.(i)

On the 11th of November, John Davies M.A. fellow of Trinity
College was elected Librarian of the University, in the room of Ste-
phen Whisson B.D. deceased, by a majority of 72 votes over Robert
Tyrwhitt M.A. fellow of Jesus College, the votes being Davies 108 ;
Tyrwhitt 36.

A gentleman who desired his name might be concealed, this
year gave fifty guineas for the best English dissertation on the
pernicious effects of gaming. In 1784 he gave the same sum for
the like dissertation against duelling, and in 1785 fifty guineas for
the like dissertation against suicide. He appointed Dr. Hinchliffe
Bishop of Peterborough, Dr. Watson Bishop of Llandaff, Dr. Elliston
Master of Sidney College, Dr. Beadon Master of Jesus College and
Dr. Peckard Master of Magdalene College to determine the prizes,
all of which were adjudged to Richard Hey LL.D. fellow of Mag-
dalene college.(2)

About this time died the Rev. Richard Jackson M.A. of Tarriug-
ton in Herefordshire sometime fellow of Trinity College.(3) He founded
and endowed in this University the Professorship of Natural and Ex-
perimental Philosophy, commonly called the Jacksonian Professorship.

1784.

On the 9th of January, was established " The Society for promot-
ing Useful Knowledge," otherwise called the Book Club. The num-
ber of members was limited to fifty. It met weekly at the Bull Inn,
and had a good library containing above 2000 volumes. This
society was dissolved in or about 1841.

On the 11th of February, the Corporation voted the following
address to the King on the removal of the Coalition Ministry of
Lord North and Mr. Fox: —

To THE KlNG'fe MOST EXCELLENT MaJESTY.

The humble Address of the Mayor, Aldermen, Common Council-
men and Free Burgesses of the Borough of Cambridge in com-
mon hall assembled this 11th day of Feb. 1784.
We, your Majesty's most dutiful and loyal subjects, beg leave to approach
your throne with the strongest assurances of the most firm and inviolable attach-
ment to your royal person and family.

(1) Cambridge Chronicle, 11 Oct. 1783.

(2) Wall, Ceremonies of Univ. of Cainl). 271.
(.•}) B.A. 1727, M.A. 17.'51.

VOL. IV. ;> I.

410 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1784

We return our sincere thanks to your Majesty, for your paternal regard to
the welfare of your people, shown in removing from your Councils an Adminis-
tration partly consisting of men whose system of government has brought this
country to the brink of ruin, and of others who, by coalescing with them, have
lessened the confidence which the public till that unhappy period reposed in
them.

We assure your Majesty that it is our determined resolution (as we hope
and trust it is of every Briton) to support, to the utmost of our power, the due
and open exertion of every branch of the prerogative constitutionally vested in
you by the wisdom of our ancestors.

We have only to add our most sincere and hearty wishes, that your Ma-
jesty may long enjoy a prosperous and happy reign over a free and united
people. (1)

On the 18th of February was established here, "The Society for
the promotion of Philosophy and General Literature;" the original
members were Isaac Milner M.A. Jacksonian Professor afterwards
President of Queens' College, William Coxe M.A. of King's College,
Joseph Jowett LL.D. Regius Professor of Civil Law, Joseph Dacrs
Carlyle M.A. of Queen's College afterwards Professor of Arabic, Mr.
Atkinson, Mr. Coulthurst, and William Parish M.A. of Magdalene
College afterwards successively Professor of Chemistry and Jackso-
nian Professor. To these were afterwards added William Pearce
B.D. of St. John's College Public Orator afterwards Dean of Ely and
Master of Jesus College, Samuel Vince M.A. of Sidney College after-
wards Plumian Professor, Busick Harwood M.B. Professor of Ana-
tomy, Richard Relhan M.A. of Trinity College, Thomas Jones M.A.
of Trinity College, Richard Porson of Trinity College afterwards Greek
Professor, J. F. F. Emperius M.x\. of Queen's College, Thomas Mar-
tyn B.D. Professor of Botany, Miles Popple M.A. of Trinity College,
Mr. Brundish, Smithson Tennant M.B. of Emmanuel College afterwards
Professor of Chemistry, Francis John Hyde Wollaston afterwards
Jacksonian Professor, and Mr. Ainslie. For want of adequate sup-
port, this society was dissolved within two years after its formation.(-)

On the 22d of March, Mr. Astley (the riding master from West-
minster bridge) launched from Emmanuel College close two air bal-
loons, the one four feet, the other sixteen feet in circumference ; the
larger one was up thirty-five minutes, and fell near Cherryhinton ;

(1) Cambridge Chronicle, 14 Feb. 1784; London Gazette, 10 to 14 Feb. 1784.

" The address proposed by Mr. Mortlock, concluded in the following- -words : —
" We flatter ourselves that those men, who for many years were ])erfectly ag-reed in
" their parliamentary conduct, may still be induced to lay aside their differences, and,
" by firmly unitinsf at this awful period for the g-eneral Avelfare of the empire, may ap-
" prove themselves worthy of, and consequently obtain, the entire confidence both of your
" Majesty and your people.

" An objection being made to the above by some persons present, it Avas ajrreed to
" leave out that part, and to conclude the address as it now stands." — Can^bridire Chro-
nicle, 14 Feb. 1784.

(2) Milner, Life of Dean Milner. 19.

1784] GEORGE THE THIRD. 411

tbc smaller rose to a great height, and after floating for an hour and
ten minutes fell near Chesterton sluice.(i)

A Syndicate appointed to enquire into and propose regulations
respecting the proctors and taxors' offices agreed to the following
regulations which were ratified by a grace of the Senate on the 26th
of March : —

1. That the business of the court leet except at the two fairs be separated
from the proctors' office and annexed to that of the taxors.

2. That in order to indemnify the proctors for the loss of the emoluments
thence arising the king's rent of ten pounds be paid out of the university
chest : and that moreover they be freed from the burthensome and unnecessary
expenses of the usual dinner on the third day of November the suppers on
the two tripos days the usual entertainments in the senate house during the
examination of the questionists (excepting tea and coffee) and the customary
presents of cakes wine &c. to the university officers at the same season for
the future.

3. That besides holding the court leet the taxors shall moreover hold two
coui'ts in every year for the purpose of examining and sealing all weights and
measures receiving for their trouble and the expenses of such courts the sta-
tutable fees for sealing of weights and measures and moreover the sum of ten
guineas each out of the university chest.

4. That notice be published where and to whom persons suspecting that
they are defrauded in weight or measure may apply in order to weigh or mea-
sure by the standard and of the penalties to which they who shall sell by de-
fective weights or measures are liable on information to the vice-chancellor.

5. That twice at least in every year and as much oftener as they shall judge
expedient the taxors shall visit all dealers in any commodities sold by weight
or measure to examine their weights and measures shall seize and destroy all
defective ones and report the delinquents to the vice-chancellor that he may
fine them and shall each of them receive for the trouble of performing such
visitations the sum of ten guineas out of the imiversity chest.

6. That the taxors be frequent in visiting the market that they seize and
destroy all unwholesome provisions found there that they seize also all
that are found defective in the weights or measures they are pretended to
be sold for and sell them to the poor at an inferior price and that the
profits arising from such sale be equally divided between the taxors and
the university chest.

7. That all fines and penalties respecting weights and measures whether
levied on delinquents presented at the court leet or by the vice-chancellor
on information be collected by the yeoman bedel and equally divided be-
tween the taxors and the university chest.

8. That the proctors continue to exercise their usual jurisdiction at the
two fairs.(2)

At the general election, James Whorwood Adeanc and John Mort-

lock(3) Esquires, were chosen for the Town, on the 3rd of April,

(1) Cambridge Chronicle, 20 Mai-ch, 27 March, 1784.

(2) Stat. Acad. Cantab, pp. 446, 448.

(3) Mr. Mortlock who was an eminent banker and a gentleman of considerable landed
property, had been Receiver General for the County. He was afterwards for a short period
Recorder of the Town. He served the office of Mayor no less than thirteen times. In
1789, he was appointed a Counnissioner of the Salt Tax, and in 1791 Receiver General
of the Post Oflice. He died in May, 1816, having exercised a paramount influence in the
Corporation for upwards of thirty years.

412 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1784

without opposition. William Parker Hamond Esq. fellow-commoner
of St. John's College had been a candidate, but withdrew.(i)

On the 3rd of April came on the election of representatives in
parliament for the University, the candidates were the Right Hon.
William Pitt M.A. (Pembroke Hall) First Lord of the Treasury and
Chancellor of the Exchequer,(2) George Henry Fitz-Roy Earl of Eus-
ton M.A. of Trinity College, Hon. John Townshend M.A. of St. John's
College, and James Mansfield Esq. M.A. of King's College. The
votes were Pitt 351; Euston 299; Townshend 278; Mansfield 181.(3)

On the 26th of May, the Senate appointed a Syndicate to erect
a building for the lectures of the Botanical and Jacksonian Profes-
sors, on the ground belonging to the Trustees of the Botanic Gar-
den, at an expence not exceeding £1500.(4)

On the 14th of September, died aged 61, James Essex F.S.A. and
architect. He was born in Cambridge, being the son of a builder,
and received his education in the Grammar School attached to King's
CoUege.(5) Mr. Essex paid particular attention to the construction
of the buildings of the middle ages, and was certainly the best Gothic

(1) Cambridge Chronicle, 3 April, 10 April, 1784.

(2) " A report has been long in circulation, that Mr. Paley, being appointed to preach
" before the University of Cambridge, on the day when Mr. Pitt, after his elevation to
*' the premiership, in 1784, made his first appearance at St. Mary's, chose this singular
" but appropriate text, ' There is a lad here, who hath five barley loaves and two small
" fishes, but Avhat are they among so many ?' John vi. 9. A lady who had seen this story
*' in a newspaper, once asked the facetious divine if it was true. ' Why no, madam,' re-
" plied he, ' I certainly never preached such a sermon, I was not at Cambridge at the
*' time; but I remember that, one day, when I was riding out with a friend in the neigh-
" bourhood of Carlisle, and we were talking about the bustle and confusion which Mr.
" Pitt's appearance would then cause in the University, I said, that if I had been there.
" and asked to preach on the occasion, T would have taken that passage for my text.' "
— Meadley, Memoirs of Paley, 121.

(3) Analysis of the poll : —

Voters. P. E. T. M.

14 Peterhouse 7 5 8 7

24 Clare Hall 17 15 9 6

18 Pembroke Hall IS 17 0 0

26 Caius College 21 17 7 7

6 Trinity Hall 4 4 13

14 Corpus Christi College 12 7 4 4

44 King's College 14 7 31 36

26 Queens' College 18 11 9 11

16 Catharine Hall 8 6 II 6

18 Jesus College 12 4 13 7

35 Christ's College 16 19 21 1)

140 St. John's College 76 48 91 45

14 Magdalene College 11 13 1 2

137 Trinity College 85 107 51 21

36 Emmanuel College 25 19 12 15

12 Sidney College 10 5 8 1

8 Commorantes in Villa, 5 3 4 3

588 359 307 281 185

Objected Votes 8 8 3 4

351 299 278 181

(4) Stat. Acad. Cantab, p. 449.

(5) Cole says " kept in the new brick building at the S.E. end of the chapel, and now
[1776] totally neglected."

178i] GEORGE THE THIRD. 4|3

architect of his day, besides being well versed in what was then
specially distinguished as " regular architecture." He designed the
altar screen at King's College Chapel, was employed in the repair
and restoration of Ely Cathedral, Lincoln Cathedral, and the tower
of Winchester College Chapel, and made a survey of Canterbury
Cathedral. He completed Clare Hall Chapel'designed by Sir James
Burrough, and published designs for new buildings at Corpus Christi,
King's, and Emmanuel Colleges, Trinity Hall, and the Public Lib-
rary. He repaired Madingley the seat of Sir John Hynde Cotton
Bart, and built the Town Hall in Cambridge. In 1779, he propounded
a scheme for improving the navigation between Clayhithe and Little-
port, for which the Corporation of Cambridge voted him the freedom
of the Town, which however he declined to accept. He printed Pro-
posals for publishing the plans and sections of King's College Chapel
in fifteen plates, with remarks and comparisons; Observations on
Croyland Abbey and Bridge ',W Remarks on the Antiquity of diflFerent
modes of brick and stone buildings in England ;(2) Observations on
Lincoln Cathedral ;(3) On the origin and antiquity of round churches,
and of the Round Church at Cambridge in particular.C^) He married
the daughter of Mr. Thurlbourn bookseller, in Cambridge, by whom
he had an only daughter married to J. Hammond M.A., who drew
a miniature portrait of Mr. Essex.(5) Mr. Essex was buried at St.
Botolph's on the 20th of September. He was on intimate terms
with Sir James Burrough, Mr. Gough, Mr. Cole, Sir John CuUum,
Dr. Richardson, Dr. Farmer, Dr. Lort, Hon. Horace Walpole, Mr.
Bentham, Mr. Nasmith, Dr. Colman, Mr. Tyson, and other eminent
antiquaries, and appears to have been generally and deservedly re-
spected. His manuscripts and drawings came to the Rev. Thomas
Kerrich M.A. who bequeathed them to the British Museum.(6)

On the 29th of September, being the two hundredth anniversary
of the foundation of Emmanuel College, the Society met in the Col-
lege Chapel, where after a sermon and Te Deum, a Latin speech in
commemoration of the founders and benefactors was delivered and
an anthem sung. A splendid dinner was also given in the CoUege
Hall to about 150 gentlemen, including the Earl of Westmoreland,
the Right Hon. William Pitt First Lord of the Treasury, Hon. Mr.

(1) Bib.Topog. Brit. No. sxii.

(2) Archseologia, iv. 73.

(3) Ibid. iv. 149.
' (4) Ibid. vi. 163.

(5) MS. Bowtcll. V. 1013. I believe this portrait has not been engraved.

(6) Cole AthenzE Cantabrigienses ; Nichols, Literary Anecdotes of the Eig^hteenlh Cen-
tury, vi. 624; Illustrations of the Litejraturc of the Eighteenth Century, vi. 284—310.

414 GEORGE THE THIRD. [l78o

Cockayne, Sir Edmund Bacon, Sir John Cotton, Sir Edward Lyttle-
ton, Sir Richard Chase and Sir John Borlase Warren.(i)

Several freemen having been admitted contrary to the bye law of
the 15th of April, 1766,(2) quo warranto informations against them
had been applied for, but on the 29th of September this year, it was
agreed that all differences in the Corporation should be adjusted, that
the titles of all the freemen elected before the 1st of January should
be confirmed, that the rules should be discharged, that the expenses
on both sides should be paid by the Corporation, and that certain
freemen made on the 25th of May, should have their fines again if
they resigned.(3)

1785.

A society called the Cambridgeshire Constitutional Society was
formed in or before this year. Various resolutions declaratory of
the necessity of parliamentary reform, signed by Benjamin Wedd,
Ebenezer HoUick, Edward King Fordham, and William Nash of
Royston, as chairmen, were published from time to time.(^)

In February, the following petition was agreed to by the Univer-
sity and Corporation and signed by many of the inhabitants : —
Tp THE Honourable the Commons of Great Britain in Pabliament

ASSEMBLED.

The humble Petition of the Chancellor Masters and Scholars of
the University of Cambridge, who have thereunto set their
common seal, and the Mayor Bailiffs and Burgesses of the
Town of Cambridge, who have thereunto likewise set their
common seal, and of the principal inhabitants of the Town of
Cambridge, who have thereunto subscribed their names.
Sheweth,
That the streets, lanes, ways, passages, and places of the said town are
ill paved, cleansed, lighted, and watched, that they are greatly incumbered
Avith various encroachments and annoyed by spouts and gutters whereby they
are rendered incommodious and in many parts dangerous, not only to the
inhabitants of the said town but to all others resorting thereto.

That the poor of the said town are become very numerous and the
parish rates encreased to a degree so enormous as to become a burthen
almost intolerable. And that if proper jjowers were given to pave, cleanse,
light, watch and otherwise improve the said streets, lanes, w^ays, passages,
and places, and to remove all annoyances, obstructions, and incroachments,
and also to build a proper house for the reception, employment and better
maintenance of the poor and to regulate the rates made for their relief,
that it would tend greatly to the health, convenience, safety and emolument

(1) Cambridge Chronicle, 2 Oct. 1784.

(2) Vide ante, p. 342.

(3) Corporation Common Day Book.

(4) Cambridge Chronicle, 29 Jan. 11 June, 1785, 16 May, 1789. ,

1783] GEORGE THE THIRD. 41 5

of the said Umversity and Town, and would also greatly rclicvf the inha-
bitants in the rates and be of public utility.

Your petitioners therefore humbly pray that leave may be given to
bring in a bill for the purposes aforesaid in such manner and with
such powers and provisions and under such regulations and restric-
tions as to this Honourable House shall seem meet.(l)

This petition was presented to the House of Commons on the 4th
of March, and referred to a committee consisting of Mr. Mortlock,
the Chancellor of the Exchequer, &c.(2)

On the 4th of March, was presented to the House of Commons a,
petition of the tradesmen and principal inhabitants of the town, pray-
ing for leave to bring in a bill for the more easy and speedy reco-
very of small debts within the town. This petition was referred to
Mr. Mortlock, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, &c.(2)

On the 28th of March, Mr. Palmer's plan for conveying the
mails was put into execution between London and Norwich. The
Cambridge bags were sent to and brought from Bournbridge.(3)

At a Common Day held on the 12th of April, the Corporation re-
pealed the bye law of the 15th of April, 1766, as to the election of
honorary freemen,(^) and ordered that the titles of all freemen (ex-
cept those who had resigned) elected since that time should be con-
firmed. They also made bye laws dispensing with the assent of six
aldermen to any corporate proceedings, repealing all bye laws fixing
the amount of fines for the freedom and declaring that the Cor-
poration might proceed to business without the presence of six
aldermen.(5)

On the 14th of April died William Whitehead poet laureate. He
was the son of a baker in Cambridge, where he was born in 1715.
At the age of 14 he was admitted on the foundation of Winchester
school. Losing his election for New College, Oxford, he was admit-
ted a sizar of Clare Hall in this University, and appointed to a
small scholarship there. He graduated B.A. 1739, M.A. 174.3, and
was elected a fellow of his College. He was soon afterwards ap-
pointed tutor to Lord Villiers son of the Earl of Jersey. He ac-
companied his pupil and Viscount Nuneham upon their travels in
France, Italy, and Germany, being absent from England for about
two years. During that period he was appointed Secretary and Re-
gistrar of the Order of the Bath. On the death of Colley Cibber in

(1) Corporation Couchcr.

(2) Commons' Journals, xl. rj.sr).

(3) Cambridg-c Chronicle. 2 April, !7«').
!4) Vide ante, p. :542.

(■')) Corporation Common L);iy IJnuk.

416 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1785

1757, he Bucceeded to the place of Poet Laureate, which he held till
his death. He was author of the Roman Father and Creusa, tragedies ;
School for Lovers, a comedy ; Trip to Scotland, a farce ; and several
miscellaneous and panegyrical verses. As a poet he does not rank
high, but his personal character seems to have been estimable.(i)

On the 13th of June, the Corporation made a bye law declaring
that an Alderman who was representative in parliament for the Town,
should have precedency of the other Aldermen ; that the Alderman
who had been Mayor often est should have precedence of those who
had not been Mayor so often ; that if the number of times any Al-
dermen had been Mayor should be equal, they should have prece-
dence according to priority of election ; and that if the Mayor should
die in his office, the most ancient Alderman Avho should be repre-
sentative in parliament for the Town, should have a casting voice
in all elections till the vacancy was filled up. On the same day a
bye law was made declaring that no bye law should be valid unless
proposed at one Common Day and confirmed the next. On the 21st
of June was passed a bye law that no honorary freemen should be
made unless proposed at one Common Day and confirmed the next.(2)

On the 14th of July, the Town Sessions made this order: —

This Court taking into consideration the want of Stocks in many of the
Parishes within the said Town, do think proper to order that the Officers of
every Parish (where Stocks are not already provided) do forthwith cause Stocks
to he erected in some convenient place within their respective Parishes for
setting or placing Drunken & Disorderly Persons therein for the better pre-
serving the Peace and good government of the Town. (3)

In October, it was expected that the King would come to Cam-
bridge, he having intimated his intention of paying a visit to Lord
Howard de Walden at Audley End;(^) but this visit did not take
place. Rumours that the King would visit Cambridge had been
current in April 1763 and July 1771.(5)

On the 21st of November, Mr. Poole, accompanied by a Mr.
John Armstrong, ascended in a balloon from Trinity Hall Close.
They were in the air an hour and five minutes, and descended at
Wickhambrook in Suflfolk.(6)

(1) Mason, Life of Whitehead; Campbell, Specimens of the British Poets, etl. 1841, p. 581;
Boswell, Life of Johnson, Croker's 12mo. edit. i. 213; ii. 177.

(2) Corporation Common Day Book.

(3) Town Sessions Book.

19 .\pril, 1787, the Court ordered that all parishes not providing- stocks should be prose-
cuted.

(4) London Newspapers.

(.')) Cambridge Chronicle, 2 April, 23 April 17C3, 20th .Tuly 1771.
fC) Cambridge Chronicle, 20 Nov. 1785, 17 Dec. 1791.

1786] GEORGE THE THIRD. 417

On the 19th of December, died at Spital House End, the widow
Hammond aged 102,(0

This year, was printed in 4to. at the University Press, " Statuta
Academiae Cantabrigienses." This collection which appeared under
the sanction of a grace of the Senate passed the 28th of June, 1783,
and the publication of which was superintended by the syndicate ap-
pointed to revise the proctors' books,(2) contains, I. Statuta Antiqua
in ordinem redacta ; II. Statuta Antiqua in ordinera non redacta; III.
Statuta regis Henrici octavi; IV. Statuta regis Edvardi sexti; V. Sta-
tuta reginje Elizabethan anno prime regni sui edita; VI. Decreta
edita auctoritate Gul. Cecillii, Sec, 27 Jun. 1562 ; VII. Statuta reginae
Elizabethae anno duodecimo regni sui edita; VIII. Literse regise ad
academiam dat33 ; IX. Interpretationes statutorum ; X. Senatus con-
sulta sive gratise; XI. Decreta praefectorum ; XII. Confirmatio com-
positionis inter universitatem et collegium Regale ; XIII. Juramenta ;
XIV. Formulae ; XV. Tabula feodorum ; XVI. Statuta Reginaldi Pole
1557 edita. The impression was limited to 25 copies, viz. one for
the Vicechancellor, one for each of the proctors, one for the regis-
trary, one for each esquire bedel, one for the Public Library, one
for the Senate House, and one for the library of each college.(-'5}

1786.

On the 1st of March, was presented to the House of Commons a
petition of the tradesmen and principal inhal)itants of the town and
in the hundreds of Armingford, Chesterton, Northstow, Cheveley,
Chilford, Whittlesford, Longstow, Papworth, Radfield, Staine, Fien-
dish, Staplowe, Thriplow, and Wetherley in the county of Cam-
bridge, praying for leave to bring in a bill for the more easy and
speedy recovery of small debts within the town and those hundreds.
The petition was referred to a committee on whose report such a bill
was ordered. It was introduced on the 28th of April, and read a
first time but was not farther proceeded with. (4)

On the 2nd of May, the Corporation made a bye law that the
election of the Mayor, bailiffs, and other annual officers should be
according to the mode prescribed by the ordinance of 1344. (^) This
bye law was carried by 57 against 19.(<^)

(1) Cambridge Chronicle, 24 Dec-. 1785.

(2) Vide ante, p. 389.

(3) Stat. Acad. Cantab, p. 446

(4) Commons' Journals, xl. 268, 6>3, 63r).

(5) Vide Vol. i. p. 9.").

.6) Corporation Common Day Hook. ,
VOL. IV.

418 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1786

On the 4th of May, complaint was made to the House of Com-
mons that the list of commissioners for executing the land tax in
the town of Cambridge had been altered in the Ingrossing OflSce, by-
several of the names being changed and falsely spelt in order that
the same might be misnomers, and the commissioners whose names
were intended to be inserted might be prevented from acting. The
House having appointed a committee to examine into the matter of
the complaint, they, on the 10th of May, presented a report from
which it appeared that General Adeane one of the members of the
town, had dehvered the list to the Ingrossing Office, and that it had
been subsequently altered. One of the ingrossing clerks had stated
that he apprehended the alterations had been made by Mr. Mortlock
the other member for the town, who had asked for the list and said that
many of the names were wrong spelt, that there was pen and ink before
Mr. Mortlock, who at that time added many other names to the list.
The House ordered the report to be further considered on the 17th,
and that Mr. Mortlock should then attend in his place. On the
17th, the matter was postponed till the following day, when Mr.
Mortlock attended in his place and having been heard withdrew. A
motion for the further consideration of the report that day three
months was made and withdrawn, and it was then moved to recom-
mit the report to the same committee. On this an amendment was
proposed to recommit it to a committee of the whole House. The
House divided on the previous question, ayes 79 ; noes 81 : and on
the question as amended, ayes 97 ; noes 76. The committee of the
whole House was ultimately appointed for the 31st of May, when
the order was discharged, and it was resolved that material altera-
tions had been made in the list without the privity and consent of
General Adeane, that any alteration in such a list whereby the per-
sons whose names were included therein might be prevented from act-
ing was highly criminal and a breach of the privileges of the House,
and regulations were adopted to prevent such alterations in future.(i)

On the 31st of May, the Vicechancellor and Heads determined by
an interpretation that the following persons are entitled to honorary
degrees, viz. 1. Privy Councillors; 2. Bishops; 3. Noblemen (dukes,
marquesses, earls, viscounts, and barons) ; 4. Sons of noblemen ; 5.
Persons related to the King's Majesty by consanguinity or affinity,
provided they be also honourable ; 6. The eldest sons of such per-
sons ; 7 and 8. Baronets and Knights (to degree of M.A. only).(2)

(1) Commons' Journals, xl. 744, 749. 787, 823, 826, 864, 869.

(2) Gunning-, Ceremonies of the Univ. of Canibndg:e, 211.

1786] GEORGE THE THIRD. 419

On the 9th of June, the Corporation " ordered that the Market
Cross be removed to some more convenient place," and appointed
a committee to consider of a more proper place "if they shall think
a Cross necessary. "(i)

At the Suffolk summer assizes was tried before Mr. Justice Ashurst,
an action of replevin, wherein Thomas Dennis of Bottisham, was the
plaintiff, and one Pretlove the defendant. The defendant justified
the taking as a distress for tolls due to the Corporation of Cam-
bridge, on loaded carts and waggons, but a verdict was returned for
the plaintiff on the ground that the seizure of the Corporation liber-
ties in the reign of Richard the Second,(2) destroyed the prescriptive
title of the Corporation set out upon the record. This verdict was
set aside by the Court of King's Bench on the 8th of May, 1787,
and a new trial was ordered. An application that the Corporation
should be substituted as defendants instead of Pretlove, who was a
man of no substance, was refused.(3) The cause was never tried
again.

On the 16th of August, the freedom of the town was granted to
the Right Hon. Charles James Fox, Lord Beauchamp, Sir Richard
Hill Bart., Sir Francis Bassett Bart, (afterwards Lord De Dunstan-
ville) and Richard Brinsley Sheridan Esq.(i)

On the 16th of August, the Corporation made a bye law that in all
elections the Mayor should have a casting vote.(0

The following address was presented to the King at St. James's,
on the 18th of August, by Dr. Joseph Turner Vicechancellor, " at-
" tended by the Earl of Euston and the Right Honourable William
" Pitt, representatives in Parliament for the University, the Honour-
" able Edward James Eliot, and the Reverend George Prettyman,
" Doctor in Divinity :" —

To THE King's most Excellent Majesty.
The humble Address of the Chancellor, Masters, and Scholars of

the University of Cambridge.
Most Gracious Sovereign,

We, your Majesty's most dutiful and loyal subjects, the Chancellor, Masters,
and Scholars of the University of Cambridge, in Senate Assembled, fully sen-
sible of your Majesty's warm attention to the interests of sound learning and
religion, of the high importance of your Majesty's personal example in pro-
moting probity of manners through all classes of the people, and of the great
equity and mildness of your Majesty's Government, humbly beg leave to lay
at the foot of your Throne our most sincere Congratulations on the late pro-

(1) Corporation Common Day Book.

(2) Vide Vol. i. pp. 123, 124.

^3) Cambridge Chronicle. 19 May, 1787.

4,20 GEORGE THE THIIID. [1786

vidential preservation of your Majesty's life.(l) "We pray to God, that it may
long be continued with uninterrupted felicity to your Majesty, being persuaded
that it will always continue to be a blessing to your people.

Given under our Common Seal, tliis 11th day of August, 1786.(2)

The two following addresses were presented to the King by Major
General Adeane, and John Mortlock Esq., Mayor, representatives in
parliament for the town, at St. James's, on the 23rd of August.
The first of these addresses was unanimously agreed to at a public
meeting of the inhabitants held at the Rose Inn, on the 21st of
August : —

To THE King's most Excellent Majesty.
Most Gracious Sovereign,

We, the Inhabitants of the Town of Cambridge, your Majesty's most duti-
ful and loyal subjects, beg leave to offer our sincere Congratulations to your
Majesty on your happy escape from the late daring attempt upon your life.

Fully sensible how much the general interests of this Country depend
upon the preservation & security of your Majesty's Person, we humbly pray
to Almighty God, that it may please him to protect you from all danger, and
to grant that you may long live a blessing to your People.
[Signed by 124 persons,]

To THE King's most Excellent Majesty.
The loyal & dutiful Address of the Mayor, Bailiffs & Burgesses
of the Ancient Corporation of Cambridge, in Common Hall as-
sembled.
Most Gracious Sovereign,
We, your Majesty's dutiful & loyal Subjects, the Mayor, Bailiffs & Bur-
gesses of the very Ancient Corporation of Cambridge, humbly approach your
Throne with Sincere Congratulations on the failure of that alarming attempt
lately made upon your royal person, which we are fully satisfied could proceed
only from Insanity.

Permit us, Sire, to assure you of our Constant and fervent prayers that
your reign may be prosperous and happy over a free & united people.

Given under our Common Seal, at Cambridge aforesaid, the Nineteenth day
of August, 1786.(3)

At a county meeting held on the 19th of September, an address
to the King, congratulating him on his providential escape from the
attempt made on his life by Margaret Nicholson, was unanimously
agreed to.(4)

On the 29th of September, Richard Foster a freeman, was disfran-
chised for having contributed to a fund raised for contesting the claim
of the Corporation to tolls on loaded waggons and carts coming to

(1) This refers to the attack on the King- by a maniac named Marg-aret Nicholson, 2
August, 1786.

(2) London Gazette, 15 to 19 Aug. 1786; Cambridge Chronicle, 26 Aug. 1786.

(3) London Gazette, 22 to 26 Aug. 1786; Cambridge Chronicle, 26 Aug. 1786.

(4) Cambridge Chronicle, 23 Sept. 1786.

1787] GEORGE THE THIRD. 4^1

the town. He was restored on the 10th of January, 1787, in obedi-
ence to a mandamus from the Court of King's Bench. (i)

On the 4th of November, Sir James Marriott Judge of the Court
of Admiralty and Master of Trinity Hall, was elected Vicechan-
cellor, but as he was absent from the University, the senior proctor
continued the congregation to the 9th of November, when he read a
letter from Sir James Marriott in Avhich he claimed exemption from
serving any office, he being one of his Majesty's judges. Mr. Whit-
more then read to the Senate the following proposition, at the de-
sire of the senior proctor: —

Cum Vir Dignissimus Jacobus Marriott, LL.D. Procancellarii Munus ad obe-
xmdam nuper electus sit Regiis negotiis detentus, Placeat Vobis, ut ob banc
causam liceat eidem Procancellariatus Munus recusare.

The members of the Senate were about to signify their appro-
bation or disapprobation of the reason alleged, but it was ulti-
mately decided that the opinion of the University counsel should
be taken, whether the claim of privilege on the part of Sir James
Marriott, was legal, and the congregation was continued to the 16th
of November. At a congregation held on the 13th of November,
the senior proctor read to the Senate the opinion of the University
counsel (Mr. Cust and Mr. Jackson), to the eflfect that no process
in a court of law could oblige Sir James Marriott to serve the
office of Vicechancellor, while he continued Judge of the Court of
Admiralty. On the 16th of November, the former proposition w^as
again submitted to the Senate and carried, placets 31 ; non-placets
19.(2)

1787.
On the 9th of January, there was an election of a common-
councilman in the room of William Weales deceased, thirteen of
the common council voted for Patrick Beales, and nine for William
Coe. It was objected that Mr. Beales was ineligible, he not having
taken the sacrament within twelve months. As Mr. Beales was
about to take the oath, the Mayor adjourned the meeting till the
next day, when he swore in Mr. Coe, against whom a quo warranto
information was filed. It was tried at the summer assizes this year,
and a verdict given for the Crown, on which judgment of ouster was
entered. A new election took place on the 8th of January, 1788,
when twelve voted for Mr. Beales, and nine for John Hazard. It

(1) Corporation Common Day Book, 24 Aug. 4 Sept. 19 Sept. 22 Sept. 29 Sept. 1786, 10 Jan.
1787; Cambridge Chronicle, U Jan. 1787.

(2) Cfunninsr, Ceremonies of Univ. of Camb. 57.

42% GEORGE THE THIRD. [1787

was then objected that Mr. Beales was, under the bye law of the
24th of August, 1787,(1) ineligible, he not having actually served the
oflfices of Treasurer and Bailiff. The Mayor declared Mr. Hazard
duly elected, but he was not sworn in. Mr. Beales obtained a man-
damus, to which a special return was made, which was quashed in
part by the Court of King's Bench. On the 24th of August, 1789,
Mr. Hazard having resigned, Robert Painter was elected to fill the
vacancy by thirty-one votes to three, under a bye law then in force
empowering the body at large to elect the Common Council,(2)

On the 23rd of February was presented to the House of Commons
a petition from the principal inhabitants and tradesmen in the Town
of Cambridge, and in the various hundreds in the County (exclusive
of the Isle of Ely) praying for leave to bring in a bill for the more
easy and speedy recovery of small debts in the said Town and
hundreds. This petition was referred to a committee, on whose re-
port on the 27th of February the bill was ordered to be brought in,
as it accordingly was on the 6th of March, when it was read a first
time, and by twenty-five votes against sixteen ordered to be read
a second time on the 22d of that month. On the 6th of March was
presented a petition from the Corporation of Cambridge, setting forth
that the bill contained divers powers and regulations which were not
only a direct infringement of their charter-rights, but would be highly-
prejudicial to the trade and commerce of the borough and other
places mentioned in the bill, and oppressive on the lower class of
people residing within the same, and praying to be heard against the
bill by counsel. On the 23rd of March, a petition of certain justices
of the peace for the County and Town against the bill was presented,
alleging their conviction that the bill would prove highly injurious
to every rank and order of society in the County and Town. On
the same day it was ordered by forty-six against twenty-seven, that
the bill should be read a second time on the 19th of April, when
it was so read and committed.(3) On the 20th of April, the County
justices in sessions assembled resolved that the bill was improper,
and of dangerous tendency to the landed interest of the County,(4)
and the bill was soon afterwards abandoned.

On the 24th of April was the election of an alderman in the room
of John Purchas sen. deceased. Samuel Francis was nominated by

(1) Vide post. p. 423.

(2) Corporation Common Day Book; Cambridge Chronicle, I3 Jan. 28 July, 1787, 12 Jan.
1788 ; Durnford and East's Reports, ii. 456.

(3) Commons' Journals, xlii. 404, 409, 429, 435, 529, 570, 650.

(4) Cambridge Chronicle, 28 April, 1787.

1787] GEORGE THE THIED. 4g3

the Mayor : five aldermen voted for him, and six against him ; the
Mayor claimed a right to vote as alderman, which brought the num-
bers to an equality, and then as Mayor gave his casting vote to
Mr. Francis. The six aldermen who had voted against Mr. Francis
then voted for William Fisher, and required the Mayor to swear
him in, which he refused to do. A quo warranto information was
afterwards filed against Mr. Francis. It was tried at the Lent
Assizes, 1788, when a verdict was given for the defendant. On the
2d of May, 1788, the Court granted a new trial on the ground that
there had been no evidence of usage as to the Mayor's casting vote,
which no bye law could give. The case was again tried at the
Summer Assizes, 1788, and a verdict again returned for the defend-
ant, the jury it seems being of opinion that the Mayor had a right
to a casting vote by custom.(i)

On the 24th of August the Corporation passed a bye law that no
person should be eligible as Common Councilman but such as had
served the offices of treasurer and bailiff, and that no person having
been dispensed from serving such offices should be eligible until he
had actually served them. (2)

The following advertisement appeared this year: —

30th August, 1787.

We poor farmers who hire lands in the parish of Grantchester and fields of
Coton, having some of our corn still standing, and some lying on the ground ;
do most humbly beg the favour of the Cambridge Gunners Coursers and Poachers
(whether Gentlemen, Barbers, or Gips of Colleges) to let us get home our
crops, even after the First of September, without riding or hunting their dogs
over our property. That we may be able to pay the great expence of harvest ;
and servants wages, rates, and rents at Michaelmas. For we hope such Gen-
try will remember, what the Frogs in the Fable said to the idle boys who
threw stones at them, " Though 'tis sport to you it is death to us."

P.S. If we might breed on our own premises a Bird or Hare for ourselves;
and have a day's sporting for our landlords or our own friends; we should
acknowledge it a great indulgence and Politeness. But rude Trespassers, on
our Corn, Turnips, Lands, and Closes, may expect to see their names in this
weekly paper. (3)

On the 29th of September, the Corporation passed a bye law that
the Common Council should be elected by those who chose the
Mayor and Bailiffs. (4)

On the 17tli of October, the Prince of Wales passed through Cam-
bridge on his way from Newmarket to the seat of the Duke of York,

(1) Cambridg-e Chronicle, 28 April, 1787, 15 March, 18 April, 10 May, 12 July, 1788;
Durnford & East's Reports, ii. 484.

(2) Corporation Common Day Book. See Durnford & East's Reports, ii, 459,

(3) Cambridge Chronicle, 1 Sept. 1787.

(4) Corporation Common Day Book.

4^4, GEORGE THE THIRD. [1787

at AUerton. He arrived about seven in the evening, and at the end
of Jesus Lane the populace took the horses from his carriage and
drew it round by St. Mary's, to the Rose Inn, vrhere a relay of
horses was in readiness, he immediately proceeded on his journey
after ordering five guineas to be given to the ringers and distributed
in beer to the populace.(i)

On the 3rd of November, was heard in Lincoln's Inn Hall, before
Lord Thurlow Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain, acting on be-
half of the King the visitor, an appeal by John Baynes,(2) and Miles
Popple two of the junior fellows of Trinity College, from a sentence
of admonition against them and eight other of the junior fellows, (3)
by the Master and seniors of that society. Some instances having
occurred of seniors taking a part in the election of fellows without
examining the candidates, ten of the junior fellows presented a me-
morial to the seniority, remonstrating against a practice which was
in opposition to the college statutes and tended to destroy the ob-
jects of the foundation. The Master and seniors after an ineffectual
attempt to induce some of the memorialists to withdraw their names,
pronounced an admonition cautioning them to behave with more
deference to their superiors. The Lord Chancellor said " that the
" practice of the Electors of Fellows, not examining the candidates
"previous to Election, which was complained of in the Memorial,
" for presenting which, the sentence now appealed from was pro-
" nounced, was a practice highly improper ; and that the Electors,
" even if they were not positively required by the statutes of the
*' College to examine the candidates, would be bound to do it. At
*' the same time, he said, that he did not approve of the manner in
" which the Junior Fellows had endeavoured to reform this practice,
" by presenting a Memorial, like a remonstrance, to the Seniors.
" That they ought to have exhibited a charge before the Master and
" Seniors, against that Senior Fellow who had elected, without having
" examined, and should have proceeded criminally against him. That
" the Master and Senior Fellows had no means of reforming the
" abuse, but by such a criminal proceeding ; for no recommendation
" or resolution of theirs would add to the positive injunctions con-
" tained in the statutes : That respect to the Seniors ought to be
" preserved m the College : That it was much to be wished, that
" the matter should be settled without his making any decision :

(1) Cambridge Chronicle, 19 Oct. 1/87.

(2) Mr. Baynes had died on the 4th of August in this year.

(3) Geornre Waddington, Thomas Cautley, Thomas Jones, Henry Porter, Kingsman
Baskott, John Hailstone, .Mattho^v MuvlUt'. .\nd Matthew Wilson.

1788] GEORGE THE THIRD. 425

" That it was the interest of the whole College, that the sentence
" should not stand on record in the College against the Gentlemen
" who had signed the Memorial, and who were rising to the highest
" situations in the College. His Lordship added, that he thought
" the Junior Fellows ought to acknowledge, that they were sensible
" that the manner in which they had expressed their intention had
" gone farther than they designed, and that the Master and Senior
*' Fellows should expunge the censure from the Conclusion Book ;
" and he recommended it to the parties, to let the appeal stand
" over, in order to see whether in the mean time some accomoda-
" tion of this kind could not be come to between them. This being
" agreed to, the farther consideration of the appeal was adjourned. "(i)

On the 16th of November, his Royal Highness "William Henry
Duke of Gloucester with his sou Prince William Frederick, arrived
at the Lodge of Trinity College, of which society the Prince had
been admitted a member. On the following day the Duke held
a levee, at which the Vicechancellor, Heads of Houses, Noblemen,
Doctors, Officers of the University, and many members of the Senate
attended ; and then he proceeded to the Senate House, where he
was created LL.D. The Duke also went to the Guildhall, where
the Corporation were assembled, and accepted the freedom of the
Town. He dined that day in Trinity College hall. On Sunday the
18th of November, the Duke and the Prince attended Great St.
Mary's,- and dined with Dr. Farmer Vicechancellor, at Emmanuel
College, after which the Duke set off for London.(2)

On the 11th of December, Thomas Edwards LL.D. of Jesus Col-
lege, proposed a grace for admitting persons to the degree of B.A.
without their signing a declaration that they were members of the
Church of England. It was rejected by the Caput.(3)

1788.

On the 8th of January, the Corporation proceeded to elect a
Recorder in the room of the Earl of Kinuoul deceased. The can-
didates were John Mortlock Esq. Alderman and M.P. for the Town,
Henry Skrine Esq. Barrister at Law, the Hon. Charles Yorke Barrister

(1) Cambridg-e Chronicle, (0 Nov. 1787; Gentleman's Magazine, hi. 1138; Nichols, Lite-
rary Anecdotes of the Kisfhtcenth Century, viii. 113; Monk, Lite of Bentlev, 2nd edit. ii.
423 ; Life of Sir Samuel Romilly, 3rd edit. i. 253.

(2) Cambridge Chronicle, 24 Nov. 17S7.

(3) Cambridgre Chronicle, 1.5 Dec. 1787, 4 July. 1788; Dyer, Life of Robinson, 312.
vol.. IV. :i II

426 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1788

at Law, and Edward Bearcroft Esq.(') King's Counsel. The votes
were Mortlock .39; Skrine 15; Yorke 10; Bearcroft 4.(^)

On the 26th of January, the Senate voted a petition to the House
of Commons, which was presented to that House on the 8th of
February. It set forth " That the Petitioners, understanding that
*' Application will soon be made to the House, for the Suppression
" of the Slave Trade, desire to express their hearty Approbation of
" so benevolent a Design, and trust, that, in reprobating with a just
" Indignation a Traffick carried on in Violation of every Principle of
" Humanity and Justice, as well as of the precepts of the Christian
" Religion, they act in perfect Consistency with their Duty as Mem-
" bers of an Establishment dedicated to the Support of Learning
" and Religion ; and that the Petitioners hope, that the Legislature
" will take this Subject into its most serious Consideration, and
" adopt such Measures as shall appear most effectual for abolishing
" a Commerce supported only by Violence and Rapine, and which,
" by encouraging Treachery, by exciting War, as well as by forcing
" into Slavery Multitudes of the Inhabitants, desolates a most ex-
" tensive and fertile Country: Commercial Interest can never justify
" a Crime, nor atone for the Guilt incurred by an Action which
" Reason and Revelation forbid : But the Petitioners are far from
" apprehending, that the Abolition of this Traffick will be attended
" with Consequences detrimental to the state, inasmuch as a firm
" Belief in the Providence of a Benevolent Creator assures them, that
" no System, founded on the Oppression of one Part of Mankind, can
" be beneficial to another : As our excellent Constitution carefully
" provides for the Happiness, by securing the Freedom, of the meanest
" Subject, the Petitioners are persuaded, that the Legislature will
" cease to support a Traffic replete with Misery and Oppression,
" and that it will readily extend its Protection to the Africans,
" the most injured and defenceless of our Fellow Creatures : Thus
" shall this continued Outrage against Humanity be no longer the
•' Disgrace of our National character, and the Reproach of our
" Christian Profession — thus shall Peace be restored to that afflicted
" and desolated Country, and a friendly Commercial Intercourse
" enable us to introduce into it the Comforts of social Life, and the
" advantages of true Religion. "('^)

(1) Chief Justice of Cliester, July, 1788.

(2) Corporation Common Day Book.

(3) Cambrifl^e Chronicle, 2 Feb. 1788; Commons' Journals, xliii. 212.

1788] GEORGE THE THIRD. 4^7

On tbe 21st of January, the Corporation voted the following pe-
tition against the slave trade: —
To THE Honourable the Commons of Great Britain in Parliament

ASSEMBLED.

The HUMBLE Petition of the Mayor, Bailiffs, and Burgesses of the

Corporation of Cambridge.
Sheweth,

That your petitioners having understood, that some members of this Honour-
able House intend to propose a plan for the abolition of the Slave Trade — it
is the humble opinion of your petitioners, that a traffic, which converts the
human species into personal property, is disgraceful to humanity, because im-
practicable without the commission of crimes which dissolve all social ties : a
trade unjust in its principle, barbarous in its means, and in its end productive
of nothing but vice and misery.

It is the opinion of your petitioners, that justice is the only natural and
durable base of commercial prosperity and civil felicity, and that more advan-
tages would accrue to commerce by the abolition of this traffic, than by con-
tinuance of it. Your petitioners humbly represent, that, in their opinion, there
would appear an honourable and exemplary consistency between an act for the
total abolition of the Slave Trade, and that just character of the first asserter
of the cause of universal liberty, which is deservedly ascribed to this nation.

Your petitioners therefore humbly pray this Honourable House, to take the
Slave Trade into consideration, and to adopt such measures as in their great
wisdom they shall think fit. And your petitioners, as in duty bound, shall
ever pray.(l)

This petition was presented on the 14th of February.(2)

At a County meeting held on the 1st of March, a petition to
the House of Commons for the abolition of the slave trade was
unanimously agreed to.(3) It was presented on the 12th of March.(4)

At the Lent Assizes came on to be tried an information in the
nature of a quo warranto against John Mortlock Esq. M.P. and
Recorder of the Town, to shew cause by what authority he claimed
to be Mayor. There being a variance between the pleadings and
the evidence, a verdict w^as returned for the crown, on which judg-
ment of ouster was entered up.(5)

On the 4th of April the Senate unanimously voted £50. for
relief of the sufferers by a fire at Foxton on the 1st of that
month.(6)

On the 8th of April, Henry Somerset Duke of Beaufort was
elected Recorder in the room of John Mortlock Esq. who had re-

(1) Corporation Common Day Book; Cambridge Chronicle, 16 Feb. 1788.

(2) Commons' Journals, xliii. 230.

(3) Cambridg-e Chronicle, 8 March, 1788; Dyer, Memoirs of Robinson, 195.

(4) Commons' Journals, xliii. 311.

(5) Cambridge Chronicle, 1.5 March, 1788.

(6) Ibid. 5 April, 12 April, 1788.

428 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1788

signed that ofifice ; fifty-two freemen voted for the Duke of Beau-
fort, and seventeen against him. The minority protested against the
election, on the ground that the Hon. Charles Yorhe had been duly
elected to the office on the 8th of January. A deputation to ad-
minister the oath of office to the Duke of Beaufort, passed the
Corporation seal on the 3rd of June.(i)

On the 14th of April, the Court of King's Bench awarded a
mandamus to Dr. Yorke Bishop of Ely requiring him to appoint as
Master of Peterhouse, one of two persons who had been nomi-
nated and presented to him by the fellows of that society. The
Mastership being vacant by the death of Dr. Edmund Law Bishop
of Carlisle, the fellows met on the 31st of August, 1787, and
nominated and presented George Borlase B.D. one of the fellows,
and Francis Barnes B.D. Vice Provost of King's College, to the Bishop
of Ely the Visitor, who by the statutes was to appoint the Master
from one of two persons nominated to him by the fellows, who
in such nomination were required to prefer fellow-s if qualified.
The Bishop conceiving that this nomination was not in conformity
to the statutes, declared it null and void, and on the 9th of Oc-
tober following by an instrument under his hand and episcopal
seal, appointed to the Mastership Daniel Longmire B.D. w'ho had
formerly been a fellow of the College, and who was a candidate at
the nomination. The Court intimated, 1st. That this was not a
case within the Bishop's visitatorial power. 2ndly. That supposing
it were he had not acted in the character of Visitor as he had not
convened the parties interested. 3rdly. That Mr. Longmire not being
a fellow at the time of the nomination was not under the statutes
entitled to any preference over Mr. Barnes. It had been arranged
that the Bishop and the prosecutor should acquiesce in the opi-
nion of the Court on the argument of the rule, and on the 26th
of April the Bishop appointed Mr. Barnes to the Mastership against
his wish and notwithstanding nine of the fellows expressed a pre-
ference for Mr. Borlase.(2)

On the 3rd of May, came on to be argued in the Court of
King's Bench, a rule calling on John Forlow senr. to shew by
what title he held the office of Mayor from Michaelmas 1786, to
Michaelmas 1787. It appearing that Mr. Forlow was elected both
under the old and new orders, the rule was discharged. (3)

(1) Corporation Common Day Book ; Cambridge Chronicle, 12 April, 1788.

(2) Durnford & East's Reports, ii. 290 ; Account of the late dispute between the Bishop
of Ely and the fellows of Peterhouse concerning the election of the Master of that college,

(3) Cambridge Chronicl*. 10 May, 1788.

1788] GEORGE THE THIRD. 4^9

On the 8th of May, the royal assent was given to " An Act for
*' better paving, cleansing, and lighting the Town of Cambridge, for
" removing and preventing obstructions and annoyances, and for
" widening the streets, lanes, and other passages within the said
" Town."(i) The following were appointed commissioners for putting
this act in execution : — The Chancellor, High Steward, and Repre-
sentatives in Parliament of the University, the Vicechancellor or his
deputy, all the Heads or Governors of Colleges or Halls, or in their
absence their respective deputies or locum tenentes, the Commissary
or in his absence his deputy,(2) the High Steward of the Town, the
Recorder or his deputy, the Representatives in Parliament for the
Town, the Mayor or his deputy, and the Aldermen for the time
being,(') seventeen county gentlemen by name, and one person to be
elected annually by the parishioners of each and every parish within
the town.(4) The expences of carrying the act into execution were
directed to be defrayed two-fifths (exclusive of interest on money
borrowed) by the University, and the residue by rates on the inha-
bitants and certain tolls, together with £10. payable by the Corpora-
tion. The old Paving Act of the 35 Hen. Vni.(5) was repealed.(6)

On the 29th of May, came on the election of a member of
parliament for the town in the room of John Mortlock Esq., who

(1) This act was obtained on the joint petition of the Chancellor masters and scho-
lars of the University, and Mayor bailiffs and burgesses of the town presented to the
House of Commons on the 1st of February. On the 26th of February, the two Corpora-
tions and certain gentlemen, clerg-y, and inhabitants of the town petitioned the House,
that provision might be made in the bill for supplying the inhabitants of the University
and Town with Avater from the public conduit, called Hobson's Conduit. On the 17th
of April, certain inhabitants petitioned the House of Commons against clauses which
they alleged Avere oppressive to them and other inhabitants. — Commons' Journals, xliii.
158, 258, 298, 363, 382, 395, 420, 426, 452, 458.

(2) By the amended paving act, 34 Geo. III. two other persons for Trinity College,
two other persons for St. John's College, and one other person for each of the remaining
Colleges and Halls in the University are also appointed commissioners.

(3) Under the provisions of the Municipal Corporation Act fifteen members of the council
are now elected annually by that body to supply the places of the High Steward, Re-
corder, Mayor, and Aldermen.

(4) By the amended paving act, 3S Geo. III. the number of parochial commissioners
is increased to two for each parish. The following were the first parochial commission-
ers elected 2nd of June, 1788, All Saints, John Ilaggerston ; St. Andrew the Great,
Charles Day; St. Andrew the Less, James Burleigh; St. Benedict, Thomas Paris;
St. Botoli'H, Patrick Beales; St. Clement, Thomas Clarke; St. Edward, Edward Gil-
lam ; St. Giles, Jacob Smith ; St. Mary the Great, John Burrell; St. Mary the Less,
Richard Comings; St. Michael, James Day; St. Peter, James Nutter; Holy Sepul-
chre, William Howell Ewin LL.D. ; Holy Trinity, William KoUick.

(5) Vide Vol. i. p. 409.

(6) On the 9th of June, 1788, the commissioners proceeded to elect the clerk and trea-
surer. The votes for clerk were, Edward Randall 35 ; Robert White 24 : for treasurer,
Alderman Thomas Bond 33; Aldei-man Samuel Francis 25.

The lamps Avere first lighted 18th September, 1788. The first street paved Avas the ^r
Petty Cury, Avhich Avas completed on the King's birt.^i dav. 25th October, 1788. It Avas
opened in the evening of that day by the surveyor and Avorkmen, Avho with lighted torches
and a band of music paraded the street after which the workmen supped together at the
Wrestlers Inn.

The paving of the town was finished in 1793, when the commissioners had expended
£23,814. 9s. 2\d,

430 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1788

had accepted the Stewardship of the Chiltern Hundreds. The can-
didates were Francis Dickins Esq. who had forty-one votes and
Thomas Adams Esq. of Swift's Place, Kent, who had seven votes.(i)

On the 28th of June was an election of Woodwardian Professor,
in the room of Thomas Green M.A. deceased. The candidates
were John Hailstone Esq. M.A. fellow of Trinity College, who
had 127 votes, and the Rev. Thomas Newton M.A. fellow ot Jesus
College, for whom 43 votes were given.(2)

At the Summer Assizes two members of the University surren-
dered to take their trial for the murder of a drayman in a Town
and Gown row in March. The indictment against them was ignored,
and the coroner's inquisition quashed for informality. (3)

An Act to enable justices of the peace to license occasional
theatrical representations, restrained them from granting such licences
within fourteen miles of either of the Universities of Oxford and
Cambridge.(4)

From the enactment of the bye law of the 2d of May 1786,(5)
as to the election of Mayor Bailiffs Councillors and Coroners, those
officers had been chosen by eighteen electors appointed agreeably
to that order, and also by eighteen electors chosen under the
bye law previously in force. The same persons had been chosen
by each set of electors until this year, w^hen the electors under
the bye law of 1786 elected Samuel Francis Mayor; John Water-
field, Edward Yorke, Jacob Edwards, and William Nicholls Bailiffs ;
Alderman Ind, Alderman Gurford, Richard Wallis, and Samuel
Frost Councillors; Robert White and John Favell Coroners; and
the other set of electors chose John Newling Mayor; Richard
Markham, Samuel Pounceby Cutchey, John Hide, and Thomas Wag-
staff Bailiffs; Alderman Bond, Alderman Purchas, Charles Finch,
and John Smith Councillors; Thomas Bullen and Charles Marshall
Coroners. The Mayor Bailiffs and Coroners elected under the
bye law of 1786 were sworn in on Michaelmas day. John New-
ling the Mayor chosen by the other electors having applied to
the Court of King's Bench, certain issues to determine the mode
of election were tried by a special jury before Lord Kenyon
Chief Justice at Guildhall, London, on the 19th of December this

(1) Corporation Common Day Book; Cambridge Chronicle, 31 May, 7 June, 1788. Mr.
Adams in his address to the freemen refers to Cambridge as his natiye town.

(2) Cambridge Chronicle, 5 July, 1788.

(3) Cambridge Chronicle, 12 July, 1788.

(4) Stat. 28 Geo. Ill, c. 30.

(5) Vide ante, p. 417.

1788] GEORGE THE THIRD. 43 X

year, when a special verdict was returned setting forth, That
Cambridge wag a borough and corporation by prescription, and
that there had not been any one uniform and certain mode of
election of the Mayor Bailiffs and Councillors used from time im-
memorial, but the same had been from time to time ordered and di-
rected by bye laws for that purpose made by the body at large. The
verdict then stated the bye law of 1344,(n which was followed till
1569, when a bye law prescribing a different mode of election was
made,(2) and that this mode was pursued till the Charter of Charles
II/3) It then stated the surrender of the 11th of November 86th
Charles 11.(4) and the Charter of Charles 11.(3) and that the mode
of election accustomed for twenty years next before such charter
prevailed till the proclamation of James II. I7th of October 1688,(5)
which was set out at length, and it also set forth the proceed-
ings of the 22d of October, 1688,(5) and the bye law of the 2d
of May, 1786.(6) This special verdict was argued on the 2d of
May, 1789, when the Court gave judgment that Mr. Francis's elec-
tion as Mayor was valid, the provisions of the charter of Charles
the Second being rendered inoperative by the proclamation of James
the Second, and the proceedings of the Corporation with reference
thereto.(7)

On the 22nd of August, was the election of a Lady Margaret
Professor of Divinity, in the room of Zachary Brooke D.D., de-
ceased. John Mainwaring B.D. of St. John's College, had thirty-
three votes, and Thomas Kipling D.D. of the same College (Deputy
to the Regius Professor of Divinity) twenty votes, (8)

On the 24th of August, the Corporation, by seventy-one against
sixteen, elected fifty non-resident freemen on payment of the fine
of a guinea each, and on the 29th of September, by eighty-four
against forty-four, twenty-three more non-resident freemen were
elected on payment of the like fine.(9) They were all in the in-
terest of the family of Manners, which had recently acquired,
through the instrumentality of John Mortlock Esq., a command-
ing influence in the borough.

(1) VideVol. i. p. 96.

(2) Vide Vol. ii. pp. 233, 239.

(3) A'ide Vol. iii. p. 604.

(4) Vide Vol. iii. p. 602.

(5) VideVol. iii. p. 641.

(6) Vide ante, p. 417.

(7) Corporation Common Day Book; Dm'nford & East's tlppori«i, iii. 189; Cambridee
Chronicle, 27 Dec. 1788.

(8) Cambridge Chronicle, .30 An?. 178S.

(9) Corporation Common Dav Rook.

4S2 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1788

On the 5th of September, a meeting of the nobility, gentry, and
freeholders of Hertfordshire, Essex, Cambridgeshire, Huntingdon-
shire, and the Isle of Ely was held at the Crown at Great Ches-
terford,(i) Richard Clark Esq. Alderman of London in the chair.
Resolutions were passed by a great majority in favour of a canal
from the Stort at Bishop's Stortford by way of Saffron Walden to
the Cam at Cambridge.(2) The Earl of Sandwich, Lords Howard
de Walden and Carysfort, the Hon. Philip Yorke, the Hon. Percy
Wyndham, and the Members of Parliament for the town of Cam-
bridge, were present. Mr. Charles Nalson Cole announced that the
Bedford Level Corporation would oppose the scheme, which was
promoted by the Navigation Committee of the city of London.CS)

On the 29th of September, there was an election of Town Clerk
in the room of James Day resigned. The candidates were Robert
White, who polled 100 votes, and Thomas Bullen, for whom 51 votes
were recorded. (^)

On the 1st of November, a grace passed for conferring on Ed-
ward Christian M.A. fellow of St. John's College, who for three
years had read lectures in the Laws of England in this University,
the title of Professor of the Laws of England until Downing College
should be founded. (5)

On the 27th of November, Thomas Adkin Esq.(6) who had been
prosecuted by the University for an assault on James Wood M.A.
fellow of St. John's College,^) at the Union Coffee House in Cam-
bridge, and who had suffered judgment by default, was brought

(1) A similar meeting- had been convened at the same place on the 25th of July this year,
but nothing appears to have been done.— Cambridge Chronicle, 26 July, 1788.

(2) Vide ante, p. 403.

(3) Cambridge Chronicle, 30 Aug-. 27 Sept. 11 Oct. 25 Oct. 15 Nov. 25 Nov. 1788. See
under 1789.

(4) Cambridge Chronicle. 4 Oct. 1788 ; Corporation Common Day Book.

(5) Gunning, Ceremonies of Univ. of Camb. 265-

" Francis Annesley Esq. M.P. and Master ot Downing College, has appointed Edward
" Christian, of Gray's Inn, Esq., and Fellow of St. John's College, Professor of Common
" Law; vice Jeremy Pemberton Esq. ; promoted to the Chief Justiceship of Nova Scotia."
—Cambridge Chronicle, 10 May, 1788.

(6) Mr. Adkin commonly called " Tom Adkin," was a native of Downham Market, in
Norfolk, and a fellow commoner of Corpus Christi College, B.A. 1782, " He was re-
" markable for his wit and social qTialities which recommended him to the intimacy of
" many eminent men — the late Lord Grey, Whitbread, Lambton, and others of that party.
" lie was the founder of a College at Cambridge, commonly called the White Bear Col-
" lege, situated opposite to the front gates of Trinity. It seems, indeed to have been iu-
" tended as a kind of rival to that magnificent College, and for some time, in respect to
" convivial attractions, had the precedence ; but it laboured under an incurable defect —
" scantiness of endowment ; so that, on the departure of its founder from the University,
" his College disappeared along with him. The site of it is now occupied by a trades-
•' man's shop. Sad vicissitude! that the scene of so many jests and excellent fancies,
'• and of ' flashes of merriment that were wont to set the table in a roar,' should be con-
" verted into a petty mart for the supply of man's most ordinary wants, — thus shewing
" to what base uses things may return." — Cambridge Chronicle, 2."? May, 1846.

(7) Afterwards .Mastor of that society.

1789] GEORGE THE THIRD. 43 f

up for judgment in the Court of King's Bench, and fined £lOO.
Mr. Adkin had offered to make an apology in the Senate House,
but refused to sign an apology for insertion in the public papers.(i)

On the 27th of November, the Court of King's Bench made ab-
solute a rule for an information in the nature of a quo warranto
against Thomas Bond alderman, to shew by what title he claimed
to be a freeman of the Town. He had been elected a freeman
in 1776, and was Mayor in 1779 and 1783.(2) He afterwards re-
signed all corporate offices, and on the 12th of January, 1790, was
re-elected freeman, commoncouncilman, and alderman. (3)

On the 23rd of December, the Corporation passed the following
resolution : —

Resolved that the thankfs of this Corporation be given to the Right Ho-
nourable William Pitt, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Francis Dickins,
Esquire, our worthy representative in Parliament, and to the two hundred and
sixty six worthy members of the House of Commons, for their constitutional
support of the important right of the Lords and Commons of this realm, to
provide the means of supplying the defect of the personal exercise of the Royal
Authority arising from His Majesty's indisposition.(4)

1789.

This year a fund was raised for the relief of the poor during
the winter. £235. 125. 6d. was contributed, including £40. from
the University chest, and contributions from several Colleges.(5)

On the 12th of March, there was a general illumination of the
Town and University, on account of the King's recovery from illness
and resuming the exercise of the royal authority .(<5)

On the 28th of March, the Corporation voted the following ad-
dresses to the King and Queen, to whom they were soon after-
wards presented by the Duke of Beaufort Recorder, and Francis
Dickins Esq. one of the Members for the Town :0)

To THE King's most Excellent Majesty.

The humble and Unanimous Address of the Mayor, Bailiffs &

Burgesses of the Town of Cambridge, in Common Hall assembled.

Most gracious Sovereign,

We, your Majesty's most dutiful and loyal Subjects, the Mayor, Bailiffs &

Burgesses of the Ancient & loyal Borough of Cambridge, beg leave, with all

(1) Cambridge Chronicle, 5 Dec. 178S.

(2) Durnford and East's Reports, ii. 767.

(3) Corporation Common Day Book.

(4) Cambridge Chronicle, 27 Dec. 1788.
(.'3) Ibid. 14 Feb. 21 Feb. 1789.

(6) Ibid. March 14, 1789.

(7) At the Common Hall at which these addresses vcrc voted, a proposition was made
that General Adeane the other M.P. for the town, should accompany the Duke of Beau-
fort and Mr. Dickins on the presentation, but this was rejected by sixty-four against eleven.
Some observations made by Mr. Mortlork on this occasion witli reference to the General

VOL. IV. 3 I

434 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1789

humility, to approach your Throne with our most sincere Congratulations upon
the happy & providential re-establishment of your Majesty's health.

Sensible of the many blessings we have enjoyed under your mild and Equi-
table Government, it was with the deepest concern we saw them in danger of
being interrupted by the alarming indisposition of our Sovereign.

Animated, Sire, not less by a sincere love of the Constitution than by the
heartfelt regard due to your Majesty's personal Character, we return our thanks
to Heaven for the restoration of that health, Avith which the happiness &
Prosperity of your people are so intimately connected.

That your Majesty may long reign over a grateful & loyal people shall be
our ardent prayer.

Given under our Common Seal, at Cambridge aforesaid, the 23d day of
March, in the year of our Lord, 1789.

To THE Queen's most Excellent Majesty.
Madam,

We, the Mayor, Bailiffs & Burgesses of the Borough of Cambridge in Com-
mon Hall assembled, beg leave to tender to your Majesty our most sincere
congratulations on the reestablishment of His Majesty's, health, the satisfac-
tion we feel from this happy event is encreased by reflecting xipon the happi-
ness which your Majesty experiences on our Gracious Sovereign being restored
to you, and to the wishes of His loyal & affectionate Subjects.

The Nation, Madam, have long revered your Majesty's many great & exalted
Virtues, & it will be their constant & earnest prayer, that His Majesty may
long continue, not only a blessing to you, but also to his people.

Given under our Common Seal at Cambridge aforesaid, the 23d day of March,
ia the year of our Lord, 1789.(1)

On the 2Stli of March, a County meeting was held, when con-
gratulatory addresses to the King and Queen on the King's re-
covery were unanimously agreed to.(2)

The following addresses were presented to their Majesties at
Windsor on the 7th of April, by the Duke of Grafton Chancellor
of the University, attended by Dr. Barnes Vicechancellor, the Right
Honourable William Pitt and the Earl of Euston representatives in
Parliament for the University, the Caput, the Esquire Bedels, His
Highness Prince William Frederick, and the Rev. Mr. Walesby his
preceptor, "being introduced to the King by the Honourable Major
« General Harcourt, one of the Grooms of his Majesty's Bedchamber,
" and to the Queen by the Earl of Ailesbury Lord Chamberlain
" of Her Majesty's Houshold :" —

The humble and unanimous Address of the Chancellor, Masters

and Scholars of the University of Cambridge.
Most Gracious Sovereign,

We, your Majesty's most dutiful & loyal subjects, the Chancellor, Masters,
& Scholars of the University of Cambridge, with hearts full of Gratitude to

gave him great offence, and a duel would have ensued between him and Mr. Mortlock,
had not the Vicechancellor issued peace warrants against them. Mr. Mortlock gave sureties
to keep the peace, but the General went to London to avoid the execution of the waiTant
against him.— Cambridge Chronicle, 28 March, 4 April, 11 April, 18 April, 1789.

(1) London Gazette, 28 to 31 March, 1789.

(2) Cambridge Chronicle, 4 April, 17S9,

1789] GEORGE THE THIRD. 435

the Supreme being, & affectionate Zeal for your Majesty's person & Govern-
ment, humbly beg leave to approach your Royal Presence with our warmest
Congratulations on the full accomplishment of the prayers of your faithful
people in the re-establishment of your Majesty's health. Amidst the general
joy of your Majesty's Subjects, on an event of so much importance to the
Common welfare, it would ill become us to be wanting in a publick expression
of our duty & Attachment, who derive the enjoyment of our most valuable
privileges & endowment from the bounty of the CroMH.

"With the sincerest professions of our own loyalty, and of our constant en-
deavours to infuse the principles of it into the minds of those committed to
our charge, we unite with the rest of your Majesty's Subjects in fervent prayers
to Almighty God, that your reign may be long and happy; that the peace
& tranquility of your Kingdoms may remain ixndisturbed by foreign wars or
dissentions at home ; that your Majesty's continual cares for the prosperity
and happiness of your people may be rewarded by a dutiful submission on their
parts ; and that your exemplary Virtues, both in publick & private life, may
descend with the Crown to your latest posterity.

Given under the Seal of our said University the 27th day of March, in the
year of our Lord, 1789.

"To wliich Address His Majesty was pleased to return the fol-
" Idwing most gracious Answer : —

This dutiful & Aflfectionate Address gives me much Satisfaction, as I hare
the fullest confidence in your professions of Loyalty, and in your constant en-
deavours to infuse the principles of it into the minds of those committed to
your charge. A continuance of your attention to the advancement of sound
learning, and to the encouragement of a reverence for our excellent religion,
& for our civil constitution, will ever ensure to the University of Cambridge
my favour & protection.

" They were all received very graciously, and had the honour to
" kiss his Majesty's Hand."

•To THE Queen's most Excellent Majesty.
Madam,

We,, the Chancellor, Masters and Scholars of the University of Cambridge,
truly sensible of that affection & tender regard which your Majesty has always
shewn for the welfare of our Gracious Sovereign, most humbly request your
Majesty's acceptance of our unfeigned Congratulations on the recovery of his
Majesty's health.

Thus happily restored by the Divine blessing to the prayers of his faithful
Subjects, may the same good Providence continue to watch over his person
and Kingdoms; and may your Majesty long enjoy the heartfelt satisfaction
of reigning with your royal Consort in the affections of a loyal and grateful
people.

Given under the Seal of our said University, the 27th day of March, in
the year of our Lord, 1789.

"To which Address Her Majesty was pleased to return the fol-
" lowing most gracious Answer : —

I return you my sincere thanks for sentiments so full of Duty to the King
and attention to me, on the present interesting occasion.

436 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1789

" They were all very graciously received, and had the Honour to
" kiss her Majesty's hand."(i)

On the 23rd of May, the Court of King's Bench discharged a
rule nisi for a quo warranto information against John Mortlock
Esq. for exercising the office of free burgess, to which he was
elected in 1778; and the applicant for the rule having been a
party to the compact of the 29th of September 1784,(2) the rule
was discharged with costs.(3)

In Easter Term, the Court of King's Bench granted a rule for
filing an information in the nature of a quo warranto against John
Newling to shew by what authority he claimed to be Mayor from
Michaelmas 1776 to Michaelmas 1777. Certain members of the Cor-
poration whose titles were derived under Mr. Newling, having ap-
plied to open the rule again, the Court on the 15th of June dis-
charged the rule, on the ground of the length of tinie which had
elapsed previous to the application to the Court, and the weak-
ness of the affidavit on which the rule had been granted.(4)

The Reverend Samuel Reeve M.A. fellow of Caius College, and
Senior Proctor of the University, hung himself in a lumber room(5)
in that College, of which he kept the key, on the 1st of July. His
body was not discovered till the 9th of November. The coroner's
jury returned a verdict of lunacy, and he was buried at St. Mi-
chael's on the llth.(6)

On the 17th of August, the Corporation, by forty-seven to nine,
passed bye laws for the election of Mayor, Bailiffs, Counsellors,
and Coroners by eighteen eHbtors, chosen in the mode prescribed
by the ordinance of 1344,('5') for electing the Aldermen(8) and Com-
moncouncilmen by the body at large, and for repealing all orders
obliging the Mayor to be chosen from the Aldermen only.(9)

On the 4th of September, a meeting of the nobility, gentry,
clergy, and other freeholders of Hertfordshire, Essex, Cambridge-
shire, the Isle of Ely, Huntingdonshire, and Suffolk was held at

(1) London Gazette, 4 to 7 April, 1789.

(2) Vide ante, p. 414.

(3) Durnford & East's Reports, iii. 300, where the office from which it was sought to oust
Mr. Mortlock, is erroneously stated to have been the Mayoralty.

(4) Durnford & East's Reports, iii. 310.

(5) It has been falsely stated to have been the Library,— Retrospective Review, New Series,
ii. 495.

(6) MS. Bowtell, vi. 2082 ; Cambridge Chronicle, 14 Nov. 1789.

(7) Vide Vol. i. p. 96.

(8) A bye law for electing the aldermen by the body at large had been passed 28th April,
1789.

(9) Corporation Common Day Book.

1790] GEORGE THE THIRD. 437

the Crown at Great Chesterford, Richard Clark Esq. Alderman of
London, in the chair. Resolutions were passed authorising an ap-
plication to Parliament for an act to make a canal from Bishop's
Stortford by Saffron Walden to the Brandon river by Wilton ferry,
with branches to the town of Cambridge and Burwell Lode.(i) The
scheme was opposed by Lord Howard de Walden, an influential
body of the landed gentry of Cambridgeshire, and the Conserva-
tors of the river Cam, and supported by the Navigation Committee
of the city of London.(2)

On the 29th of September, the Corporation made bye laws for
the election of the Aldermen and Commoncouncilmen by eighteen
electors specially chosen, in the mode prescribed by the ordinance
of 1344,(3) for each vacancy. (4)

On the 13th of October, there was an election of an Esquire
Bedel, in the room of Francis Dawes M.A. deceased. The candi-
dates were Henry Gunning B.A. of Christ's College, and William
Eamonson M.A. fellow of Catharine Hall. The votes were, Gunning
105 ; Eamonson 58.(^')

1790.

On the 27th of May, the Right Hon. William Pitt First Lord
of the Treasury, Chancellor of the Exchequer, and M.P. for the
University, was elected High Steward of the University, in the
room of Philip Earl of Hardwicke deceased.(6)

At the general election the candidates for the representation of
the University were, the Right Hon. William Pitt First Lord of
the Treasury, Chancellor of the Exchequer and High Steward of the
University ; George Henry Fitz Roy Earl of Euston ; and Laurence
DundasC*') Esq. M.A. of Trinity College. The election took place on
the 17th of June, when the votes were Pitt 510; Euston 483;
Dundas 207. 684 members of the Senate polled at this election.

In June, Philip Earl of Hardwicke was constituted Lord Lieu-
tenant and Custos Rotulorum of Cambridgeshire, in the room of
his uncle Philip Earl of Hardwicke deceased.

(1) Vide ante. pp. 403,432.

(2) Cambridge Chronicle, 12 Sept. 19 Sept. 10 Oct. 28 Nov. 19 Dec. 1789, 2 Jan. IG Jan.
6 March, 24 April, 1790.

(3) Vide Vol. i. p. 414.

(4) Corporation Common Day Book.

(5) Cambridge Chronicle, 17 Oct. 1789.

(6) Cambridge Chronicle, 29 May, 5 June 1790.

(7) Eldest son of Sir Thomas Dvindas Bart., who in 1794 was created Baron Dundas of
Aske, in the county of York. Mr. Dundas succeeded to his father's barony in 18:.'0, and on
the 2nd July, 1838, was created Earl of Zetland. He died 19 i'cb. 1839.

GEORGE THE THIRD. [1790

At the Commencement, the degree of M.A. was conferred on his
Royal Highness Prince William Frederick of Gloucester. His father
the Duke of Gloucester, Mr. Pitt, the Marquess of Huntley, the
Earl of Euston, the Earl of Hardwicke, Lord George Thynne, Dr.
Yorke Bishop of Ely, and the Master of the Rolls, were present
on the occasion.(i)

On the 24th of August, the Corporation voted the Mayor for
the time being an allowance of £120. per annum, and appointed
Thomas Chisholm of Cambridge, victualler, gamekeeper for the Cor-
poration.{2)

This year, the procession of the Corporation to proclaim Stur-
bridge fair was discontinued, and the fair was proclaimed by the
Mayor, Bailiffs, and Town Clerk only. The Corporation dinner at
the fair had been abolished the year previously.

On the 20th of October, there was an election of Assessor to
the Vicechancellor, the candidates being John Fisher LL.D. fellow
of Christ's College, and Edward Christian M.A. (3) fellow of St.
John's College. The votes were Fisher 129; Christian 121. Dr.
Fisher was soon afterwards appointed Commissary and Deputy
High Steward.(4)

On the 12th of December, died Stephen Apthorp D.D. He was
born at Cambridge in 1707, educated at Eton College, elected thence
to King's College in this University in 1728. B.A. 1732; M.A. 1736;
D.D. 1749. The College presented him to the rectory of Monkston
in Hampshire, and he was afterwards presented by a private patron
to the rectory of Steventon in the same county. On the 7th of
August, 1758, he was elected a fellow of Eton College, having
been Assistant Tutor there for many years, and of which he be-
came Vice Provost. On the 2nd of June, 1759, he was inducted
to the vicarage of Burnham in Buckinghamshire, in the gift of
Eton College, having previously resigned his benefices in Hamp-
shire. In June 1774, he resigned the vicarage of Barnham (in
which he was succeeded by his half-brother, William Cole the An-
tiquary,) and was presented by Eton College to the rectory of
Worplesdon in Surrey.(5)

On the 14th of December, died aged 82, the Reverend John

(1) Annual Register for 1790, p. 209.]

(2) Corporation Common Day Book.

(3) Afterwards Chief Justice of the Islo>f Ely.

(4) Cambridge Chronicle, 23 Oct. 24 Dec. 1790.

(5) Collect. Topog. & Gcneal. iv. 279; Harwood, Alumni EtoncnseS: 94; Nichol?, Literarj-
Anecdotes of the Eighteenth Century, viii. 128,

1790] GEORGE THE THIRD. 439

Hulse(i) B.A. of Elworth Ho 11, in the county of Chester, and some-
time of St. John's College. By his will and codicils thereto(2) he
gave to the University certain estates upon trust, to pay specified
portions of the rents and profits thereof annually for the follow-
ing purposes : 1st, " to such learned and ingenious person in the
" university, under the degree of Master of Arts, as shall com-
" pose for that year the best Dissertation, in the English language,
" on the evidence in general, or on the Prophecies or Miracles in
"particular, or any other particular argument, whether the same
" be direct or collateral proofs of the Christian religion, in order
" to evince its truth and excellence," such dissertation to be printed
by the author out of the sum payable to him. 2ndly, " For the
" maintenance and support of one such learned and ingenious
" person (for a term not exceeding five or six years) of the de-
" gree of Master of Arts, or of Bachelor or Doctor of Divinityi
" of the age of 30 years, and resident in the university ; who is
" to compose yearly, whilst in office, some proper and judicious
" answer or answers every year, to all such new and popular,
*' or other cavils and objections, against the Christian or re-
" vealed religion, or against the religion of nature, as may, in
" the opinion of the trustees, or any two of them, seem best or
*•' most proper to deserve or require an answer, whether the same
" be ancient or modern objections, but chiefly such as are most
" modern, and especially such as have appeared in the English
" language of late years against Christianity, and which may not
" seem to have received a full and sufficient answer, if any such
" there shall be, unto the year preceding his election ; as likewise
" to be ready to satisfy any real scruples or objections in a private
" way, that may be brought from time to time by any fair and
" candid enquirer against the same : such writer to be called the
" Christian Advocate, and such his written answers to be in Eng-
" lish, and only against notorious infidels, whether atheists or
" deists, not descending to any particular controversies or sects
" among Christians themselves, except some new or dangerous error,
" either of superstition or enthusiasm, as of Popery or Methodism,
** either in opinion or practice, shall prevail : in which case only
" it may be necessary for that time to write or to reason against
" the same ; and such treatise or treatises to be every year printed,
" the expence whereof shall be deducted out of the temporary

(1) Sec a Memoir of Mr. Hulsc prefixed to rarkinson's Hulsean Lectures for 1837.

(2) Will dated 21st July, 1777. The last codicil dated 2:3rd Nov. 1789.

440 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1790

" stipend or salary ; and the remainder of the said stipend or
" salary, or rents and profits, shall be paid or given every year
" to the several authors successively as a reward for the saraCi"
3rdly. " To such learned and ingenious clergyman in the Univer^
" sity of the degree of Master of Arts, and under the age of 40
" years," as shall be annually chosen in order to preach in Great
St. Mary's Church 20(0 sermons yearly, ten of which "shall be
" to shew the evidence for revealed religion, and to demonstrate
" in the most convincing and persuasive manner the truth and
" excellence of Christianity, so as to include not only the pro-
" phecies and miracles general and particular, but also any other
" proper or useful arguments. Whether the same shall be direct
" or collateral proofs Of the Christian religion, which he may think
" fittest to discourse upon, either in general or particular, especi-
" ally the collateral arguments, or else any particular argument or
" branch thereof, and chiefly against notorious Infidels, whether
" Atheists or Deists, not descending to any particular sects or
" controversies (so much to be lamented) among Christians them-
" selves, except some new or dangerous error either of supersti-
" tion or enthusiasm, as of Popery or Methodism, or the like,
" either in opinion or practice, should prevail, in which cause only
" it may be necessary for that time to preach against the same."
In the other ten sermons, " the Lecturer or Preacher shall take
" for his subject some of the more difficult texts or obscure parts
" of the Holy Scriptures, such as might appear to be more gene-
" rally useful and necessary to be explained, and which might
" best admit of such a comment and explanation without presum-
" ing to pry too far into the profound secrets or mysteries of the
" Almighty." The preacher to print his sermons and to be elected
annually, but the same person not to be continued for more than
six years together. Mr. Hulse constituted the Vicechancellor and
the Masters of Trinity and St. John's Colleges for the time being,
trustees of his benefactions to the University.

This year, the town gaol was removed from the old building
adjoining the Town Hall, called the Tolbooth, to a newly erected
edifice at the back of the Spinning House. The new gaol cost the
town £911. 10s.(2)

(1) Reduced to eiglit, by order of the Court of Cliancciy, 21 Dec. 1830.

(2) Town Sessions Book. On the 30th of April, 1789, John Dogg-ett the gaoler pre-
sented a petition to the justices, in which lie stated that the profits from the gaoler's
former privilege of selling ale, were considered a reasonable allowance for keeping the
gaol. The Court ordered him a salarj' of £10. per annum.

1791] GEORGE THE THIRD. 441

1791.

On the 3rd of February, " the wool-combers of this place rode
" through the principal streets in grand procession, attended with
" flags and martial music, in commemoration of Bishop Blaze."(0

On the 26th of May, a grace passed requiring that if aiiy one
in statu pupillari laid claim to any degree in right of consangui-
nity or affinity with Majesty, he must in the term preceding his
admission, explain the ground of his claim by a writing subscribed
by his tutor, and sent to each of the Masters or Presidents of
Colleges, to be communicated by them to their respective societies.(2)

In Easter Term, the Court of King's Bench, on an application
for a mandamus to the Master and fellows of Catharine Hall,
commanding them to declare vacant the fellowship of the Rev.
Joshua Wood, determined that in the case of a private eleemosy-
nary lay foundation (such as the College in question) if no special
visitor be appointed by the founder, the right of visitation, in de-
fault of his heirs, devolves upon the King, to be exercised, not in
the King's Bench, but by the Lord Chancellor.(3)

An act for relieving Papists from certain penalties and disabilities,
contains a proviso that no person professing the Roman Catholic
religion shall obtain or hold the Mastership of any College or School
of royal foundation, or of any other endowed College or School for
the education of youth, or shall keep a school in either of the Uni-
versities of Oxford and Cambridge.(4)

On the 4th of October, several stacks of corn and hay of the value
of £300. on the premises of Mr. John Bullen of Barnwell were
destroyed by an incendiary, who appears to have avoided detection.(5)

On the 23rd of November, a duel, originating in a trifling dispute,
was fought near Newmarket, between Mr. Applewhaite and Mr.
Rycroft students of Pembroke Hall. Mr. Rycroft was so severely
wounded that he died on the 25th. Mr. Applewhaite and Mr. Hoi-
lond of Trinity College, the second of the deceased, were expelled the
University, and the following notice was about the same time pub-
lished by the Vicechancellor : —

Whereas it has been represented to the Vicc-Chancellor, that some students
in the University have been observed shooting at marks with pistols, an exer-
cise which obviously tends to introduce and promote the dangerous and impious

(1) Cambridge Chronicle, 5 Feb. 1791.

(2) Gunning, Ceremonies of the Univ. of Cambridge, 211.

(3) Durnford & East's Reports, iv. 233,

(4) Stat. 31 Geo. III. c. 32, s. 14.

(.')) Cambridge Chronicle, 8 Oct. 1791 .

VOL. IV. 3 K

44% GEORGE THE THIRD. [1792

crime of Duelling ; it is hereby publicly declared, That if any person in statu
pupillari, shall be discovered in the exercise of so unwarrantable and dangerous
a practice, he will be proceeded against as guilty of a very high offence, and
be liable to the severest penalties mentioned in the forty-second statute.

On Sunday tlie 11th of December, the Rev. Thomas Jones M.A. fellow
of Trinity College, preached before the University at Great St. Mary's
a sermon against duelling from Exod. xx. 13. At the Bury Lent
Assizes, 1792, Mr. Applewhaite surrendered to take his trial for the
murder of Mr. Rycroft, the bill was ignored by the grand jury, and
no evidence being offered on the coroner's inquisition, he was ac-
quitted. It is said that on this occasion "the flower of the Uni-
versity voluntarily came forward to give testimony of his generally
amiable character. "(^)

On the 13th of December, a grace was proposed for erecting, op-
posite the Senate House, a building comprising a museum, lecture
room, and music room, from designs by John Soane Esq. This grace
was rejected by a majority of two votes in the Non-Regent House.(2)
Mr. Soane's designs and plans, seven in number, had been previously
exhibited in the Public Library, where they are still to be seen.

On the 20th of December, the Heads of Colleges agreed that the
contribution of the Colleges to the poor of the town should be in-
creased (3) to £207. 165. per annum, which sum was apportioned to
the several parishes as follows : — St. Andrew the Great, £34. 17s. ;
St. Giles and St. Peter, £32. 175.; St. Botolph and St. Edward,
£20. 17s. each; St. Benedict, £18. 175. ; St. Mary the Great, St. Mary
the Less, and the Holy Trinity, £12. 175. each ; All Saints, £10. 175. ;
St. Clement and the Holy Sepulchre, £10. 35. each; St. Michael,
£9. 175.(4)

1792.

The first mail coach direct to Cambridge was the mail from Lon-
don to Wisbech, which commenced running on the 6th of February
this year. It performed the journey between London and Cambridge
in seven hours and a quarter.C-'')

On the 10th of February, a petition to the House of Commons
for the abolition of the slave trade, was unanimously agreed to at
a public meeting of the inhabitants, at which the Mayor presided.

(1) Cambridge Chronicle, 26 Nov. 3 Dec. 10 Dec. 17 Dec. 1791, 31 March, 1792.

(2) Ibid. 3 Dec. 17 Dec. 1791.

(3) Vide Vol. ill. p. 613.

(4) MS. Bowtell, vii. 2577.

(.5) Cambridg-e Chronicle, 19 Jan- 12 May, 1792,

1792] GEORGE THE THIRD. 443

Votes of thanks were also passed to Mr. Wilberforee, Mr. Pitt, Mr.
Fox, Granville Sharp and Thomas Clarkson, for their exertions in
the cause of abolition.(i)

On the 14th of February, a grace passed for lending £1500. from
the University chest to the Paving Commissioners, repayable by in-
stalments of £300. a year, without interest.(2)

On the 9th of March, the Senate voted a petition to the House
of Commons for abolition of the slave trade.(3)

On the 12th of March, came on the election of a Jacksonian Pro-
fessor, on the resignation of Isaac Milner B.D. President of Queen's
College. The candidates were Francis John Hyde WoUaston M.A.
fellow of Trinity Hall, and William Parish M.A. fellow of Magdalene
College.(4) The votes were Wollaston 35; Parish 30.(3)

An act to repeal the duties on inhabited houses containing less
than seven windows, contains a proviso that it should not exempt
any chamber or apartment in any College or Hall in any of the
Universities of Great Britain, by reason of such chamber or apart-
ment separately containing less than seven windows or lights.(5)

An act relative to alehouse-keepers', victuallers', and vintners'
licences, which passed this year, contains a clause that such act should
not extend to any person who shall be licensed by the Chancellors
or Vicechancellors of the two Universities in England or either of
them.(C)

At a special Common Day held on the 17th of May, it was ordered
that all forestallers and engrossers of provision intended for the
markets should be prosecuted, that no shopkeeper, higler, badger,
huckster, carrier or other person should buy any butter, eggs, geese,
ducks, fowls, or pigeons in the markets to sell again before 12 o'clock,
and that no gardener or other person should buy to sell again vege-
tables of any kind in the market, until 12 o'clock. These orders
were advertised and also proclaimed in the market by the crier, and
were made in consequence of complaints of the inhabitants of the
enhancement of the price of provisions, occasioned by forestalling,
engrossing, and regrating.(~)

The following address from the University was presented to the
King on the 22d of June, by the Right Hon. William Pitt and the

(1) Cambridge Chronicle, 11 Feb. 18 Feb. 1793.

(2) Ibid. 18 Feb. 1792.

(3) Ibid. 17 March, 1792.

(4) Mr. Farish was elected Jacksonian Professor in 1813.

(5) Stat. 32 Geo. III.c. 2, s. 2.
(G) Stat. 33 Geo. III. c, 59, s. 11.

(7) Corporation Common Day Book ; Cambridge Chronicle, 19 Mar, 1793.

444 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1792

Earl of Euston, Members for the University, Dr. Postlethwaite Vice-
chancellor, and a delegacy from the different faculties : —

To THE King's most Excellent Majesty.
The humble Address of the Chancellor, Masters, & Scholars of the

University of Cambridge.
Most Gracious Sovereign,

We, your Majesty's most dutiful & loyal subjects, the Chancellor, Masters,
& Scholars of your University of Cambridge, in Senate assembled, humbly beg
leave to express our extreme satisfaction at the salutary measure now adopted
by your Majesty, which we are persuaded is wisely calculated to discourage
& disappoint the Avicked attempts of the enemies of our happy Constitution.
We have long, with grief, observed the promoters of Anarchy labouring with
incessant industry to establish & spread principles incompatible with all civil
Government. But we trust that your Majesty's exertions, seconded by your
two houses of Parliament, whose approbation of your Majesty's Proclamation
breathes the true spirit of Constitutional liberty, will give confidence & firm-
ness to your faithful & loyal Subjects, & secure the obedience of those who
might be in danger of being misled by the fallacious reasonings of designing
men, or tempted to risque new revolutions, iinder the vain & delusive hope
of improving upon the most perfect of all known political constitutions.

Sensible of the happiness we derive from your Majesty's just and mild
Government, & convinced that the peace & prosperity of these Kingdoms de-
pend, under Divine Providence, upon obedience to the Laws & due subordina-
tion amongst the various orders of the community, we will not fail to instil
into the minds of those committed to our care the true principles of religion
& Loyalty, & to offer up to Almighty God our earnest prayers that he will
long continue your Majesty a blessing to an united, loyal, & free people.

Given imder our Common Seal this 18th day of June, 1792.

The King's " most gracious answer " was in these terms : —

I receive with great satisfaction this dutiful & loyal Address.

The principles which the University of Cambridge have always manifested,
& their attachment to my person & Government^ leave me no doubt that they
will continue diligently to inculcate that love of Order and of well regulated
liberty, which must naturally prevail in every enlightened Society, and which
lead to a just sense of the many distinguished blessings enjoyed by my Sub-
jects under our free & happy Constitution.(l)

The following address from the Corporation was voted at a special
Common Day held on the 30th of June, and was transmitted to the
King through the medium of the Secretary of State : —

To THE King's most Excellent Majesty.
The Humble Address of the Mayor, Bailiff's & Burgesses of the

Town of Cambridge, in Common Hall assembled.
Most gracious Sovereign,
We your Majesty's most dutiful & loyal subjects, the Mayor, Bailiffs &
Burgesses of the Town of Cambridge, beg leave to approach your Throne, with
our warmest acknowledgements for your Majesty's paternal attention to the
happiness and tranquillity of your subjects.

(1) London Gazette, 21 to 23 June, 1792; Ctimbiirlgc Chronicle, 30 June, 1792.

1792] GEORGE THE THIRD. 44^

We have observed with great concern the pernicious attempts that have
been made to unsettle the minds of your people, by specious arguments &
wild theories, tending to shake their attachment to that Constitution which has
for ages been the admiration of the world, and whose benefits are now so fully
manifested by the alacrity with which all descriptions of persons come forward
in its support.

In times so peculiarly circumstanced as the present, we feel ourselves bound
to use our most vigilant endeavours to preserve the public peace and tran-
quillity, to defeat the machinations of seditious evil minded persons, who may
endeavour to introduce systems productive only of anarchy & confusion, &
thereby prevent our handing down to our posterity the blessings we so truly
enjoy under your Majesty's mild & prosperous Government,

It will be. Sire, our earnest prayer, that your Majesty may long reign over
a free, happy & united people.

Given under our Common Seal, at a Special Called Common Day, held this
30th day of June, 1792.(1)

On the 6th of July, a County meeting was held at which an ad-
dress to the King, approving of the late proclamation, was agreed to.
The address was proposed by the Earl of Hardwicke, seconded by
Mr. Vachell, and supported by Mr. Yorke. " A few words in op-
" position were said by Mr. Musgrave(2) a reputable taylor and draper
" in the town, but the meeting did not seem much to acquiesce in
" his opinion. Mr. Hollick also, with great temper and propriety,
" stated his reasons for not thinking the address necessary. "(3) Dr.
Farmer created great merriment by illiberal allusions to Mr. Mus-
grave's trade, and concluded by a coarse jest having reference to an
obsolete fashion in male attire.(4)

In November, the Senate voted £200. to the fund for relieving
the French refugee clergy, and 100 guineas to the fund for relief of
the French refugee laity.(5)

In the evening of the 13th of December, a mob amongst whom
were some gownsmen, and whose cry was '' God save the King,"
made an ineffectual attempt to force open the house of Mr. Peete
Musgrave,(2) on the Market Hill. They then proceeded to the house
of Mr. Cook baker, in the Petty Cury, whose windows they broke.
The Mayor and Town Clerk prevailed on them to disperse. On the
following evening they made an attack on the house of Mr. Gaz-
zam grocer, near Trinity Church. They broke the windows of the
Meeting House near Saint Thomas's Leys, and were proceeding

(1) London Gazette, 30 June to 3 July, 1792.

(2) Father of Dr. Thomas Musgravc Bishop of Hereford, and Dr. Charles Musgrave
Archdeacon of Craven and Vicar of Halifax.

(3) Cambridge Chronicle, 14 July, 1792.

(4) Letter from Iklr. I'cetc Musgrave to the Printer of the World, dated July 3!), 1792.

(5) Cambridge Chronicle, 1 Dec. 17S2.

446 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1792

to commit further outrages, but by the exertions of the magistrates
and others they were dispersed, after the riot act had been read.
Josiah Papworth and Thomas Farrell were afterwards convicted at
the Town Sessions for riot and attacking the Meeting House, and
were sentenced to fourteen days' imprisonment.(i) On the 15th of
December, a numerous meeting of the inhabitants was held at the
Town Hall, pursuant to notice from the Mayor. At this meeting
was formed "an Association for preserving liberty and property
against Republicans and Levellers," and the following declaration
was unanimously entered into: —

We the undersigned, perceiving with the deepest concern, that attempts are
made to circulate opinions contrary to the dearest interests of Britons, and
subversive of those principles, which have produced, and preserved our most
invaluable privileges, do declare, that we feel it a duty we owe to our country,
ourselves, and our posterity, to imite all our fellow subjects to join with us,
in the expression of a sincere and firm attachment to the Constitution of these
Kingdoms, formed in remote, and improved in succeeding ages, and under
which the glorious revolution in 1688 was effected. A Constitution wisely
framed for the diffusion of Happiness and True Liberty, and which pos-
sesses the distinguished merit, that it has on former occasions Been, and we
trust will in future, Be, found competent to correct its errors, and reform its
abuses.

We do therefore resolve,

That in the present situation of public affairs, it is the duty of every good
citizen to maintain to the utmost of his power, the due exercise of the laws,
to preserve the public peace, to protect the liberty and property of the inha-
bitants, and to discourage every attempt which may be made by wicked and
designing men to inflame their minds.

That we, whose names are hereunto subscribed, will support and defend
our most gracious Sovereign and the Constitution, as by law established,
to the utmost of our power ; and that we will be ready at all times to ac-
company and assist the Magistrates of the Town in preserving the public
peace, and suppressing all tumults and riotous assemblies, to use our
utmost efforts to bring to punishment all such who shall distribute or ex-
pose to the public eye any pamphlets or papers containing opinions or sen-
timents tending to promote disaffection, and encourage sedition.

The thanks of the inhabitants were voted to the magistrates and
others for suppressing the late riotous proceedings.(2)

On the 20th of December, the publicans of the town at a meet-
ing held in consequence of a summons from the magistrates, agreed
to the following declaration: —

We whose names are undersigned being Publicans residing in this Town,
do promise and declare, that if, vnth our knowledge, any person or persons
either by public conversation, or by public reading, or circulation of any

(1) Town Sessions Book.

(2) Cambridge Chronicle, 22 Dec. 1702: Loudon Newspaper.

179S] GlfiORGE THE THIRD. 447

books, pamphlets, or papers of a treasonable or seditious tendency, do en-
deavour to inflame or unsettle the minds of his Majesty's subjects, thereby
promoting and encouraging riots and tumults, we will immediately give
notice thereof to the Magistrates, and do our utmost to bring to justice all
those, who by the above or any other means, may endeavour to disturb the
public peace.

This declaration was signed by 112 publicans.(i)

In the evening of the last day of the year, Thomas Paine was

burnt in effigy by the populace on the Market Hill.(2)

1793.

On the 5th of January, a meeting of farmers and others re-
siding in the neighbourhood of Cambridge, was held at the Town
Hall, John Mortlock Esq. in the chair. A declaration was signed
pledging the subscribers to use their utmost endeavours to disclose
and suppress seditious meetings, to prevent the circulation of in-
flammatory and libellous publications, and to support the magis-
trates and civil powers in the due execution of the laws.(3)

In the evening of the 25th of January, a dumb peal was rung at
Great St. Mary's for Louis XVI. King of Ffance.(4)

In March, the University voted £200. more to the French re-
fugee clergy .(5) Sidney College gave a second subscription of £10.
for the same purpose. Individual members of that society contri-
buted 16 guineas and £33. 17^. 6d. was subscribed after a sermon
preached at Trinity church on the 7th of April by the Rev. Charles
Simeon M.A. fellow of King's College.(6)

The Rev. William Frend M.A. fellow of Jesus College, this year
published a pamphlet entitled "Peace and Union recommended to
the Associated Bodies of Republicans and Anti-Republicans." It was
printed at St. Ives, but circulated in Cambridge by Mr. Frend. It
attracted considerable attention, and soon after its appearance vari-
ous members of the Senate waited upon the Vicechancellor to ex-
press their disapprobation of it, and their wish that it might be
censured by the University. On the 4th of March, certain members
of the Senate met on the Vicechancellor's invitation at his lodge
in Queen's College. They resolved that Mr. Frend should be prose-
cuted in the Vicechancellor's Court, and appointed Thomas Kipling

(1) Cambridge Chronicle, 29 Dec. 1792.

(2) Ibid. 5 Jan. 1793. He was burnt in effigy here a second time 18 Jan. 1793. (Camb.
Chron.26 Jan. 1793.)

(3) Cambridge Chronicle, 5 Jan. 12 Jan. 1793.

(4) Ibid. 2 Feb. 1793.

(5) Vide ante, p. 445.

(6) Cambridge Chronicle, 23 March, 30 March, 13 April, 1793.

448 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1793

D.D.(i) Deputy Regius Professor of Divinity, Joseph Jowett LL.D.
fellow and tutor of Trinity Hall and Regius Professor of Civil Law,
John Mainwaring B.D. Lady Margaret Professor of Divinity, Wil-
liam Lort Mansel(2) M.A. Public Orator, and Richard Belward M.A.
fellow and tutor of Caius College, a committee to manage the pro-
secution. On the 23rd of April, Isaac Milner D.D. the Vicechancel-
lor issued a summons requiring Mr. Frend's appearance in the Law
Schools, on the 3rd of May, to answer a charge preferred by Dr.
Kipling (promoting the office of judge) of having violated the laws
and statutes of the University by publishing the pamphlet above
mentioned, in which religion as established by public authority
within this realm and also all ecclesiastical ranks and dignities
were impugned. On the day appointed, Mr. Frend appeared before
the Vicechancellor, nine Heads of Colleges, and the Commissary,
and the Court being adjourned to the Senate House, he renounced
its jurisdiction. This renunciation being overruled, articles against
him were exhibited wherein it was alleged that in the pamphlet
in question he had defamed the public liturgy of the Church by
affirming that " it is very far from that standard of purity in doc-
trine, which is required in such compositions;" affirmed that the
public worship of the great body of Christians is idolatrous, includ-
ing in this charge the members of the Church of England ; asserted
that *< ecclesiastical courts, ecclesiastical ranks and titles, are all
repugnant to the spirit of Christianity;" and profanely reviled and
ridiculed the most sacred office of religion, as enjoined by the
Church of England, and performed by its ministers. The Court,
after some discussion, adjourned to the 10th of May to give Mr.
Frend time for his defence. On that day, Mr. Frend again appear-
ed and denied the articles "asserting them to be false, wicked,
and malicious." Evidence was then called on the part of the pro-
moter. The evidence occupied the time of the Court on that day,
and on the 11th and 13th of May. On the 17th of May, Dr. Kip-
ling the promoter summed up the evidence, and on the 24th of
May Mr. Frend made a long and able defence, to which Dr. Kipling
replied. On the 27th of May, the Vicechancellor and Heads met
and agreed upon their decision, which was delivered at a Court
held on the 28th, to the effect that Mr. Frend was proved to be
the author and publisher of the pamphlet, and that by writing the
same and publishing it within the University he had offended against

(1) Dean of Peterboioug-h, 1798.

(2) Afterwards Master of Trinity College and Eishop of Bristol.

1793] GEORGE THE THIRD. 449

the statute " De Concionibus." The Vicechancellor with the assent
of the major part of the Heads of Colleges therefore required him
to retract and publicly confess his error and temerity, in a form
prescribed. Mr. Frend desired time to consider whether he could
subscribe or not and the Court was adjourned to the 30th of May^
when Mrt Frend, after in vain requiring that there should be pointed
out some specific error which he was to recant, declared, " I would
sooner cut off this hand than sign the paper," Mr. Frend then
offered a plea in bar of sentence, to the effect that at the close
of the preceding term his offence had been pardoned by the general
absolution then pronounced by the Deputy Vicechancellor. The
Vicechancellor refused to receive this plea, and having made a long
speech to the University, pronounced the following decree:—

I Isaac MilNer, D.D., and Vice-chancellor of the univel-sity of Cambridge,
do decree, declare, and pronounce, that William Frend, M.A. and Fellow of
Jesus College, having offended against the statute, " De Concionibus," by
writing a pamphlet, intituled " Peace and Union, recommended to the as-
sociated Bodies of Republicans and Anti-Republicans,'' and by publishing
the same within the university of Cambridge, and having refusfed to retract
his error and temerity in the manner prescribed to him by me, the Vice-
chancellor, with the assent of the major part of the Heads of Colleges, has
incurred the penalty of the statute, and that he is therefore banished from
this university.

I. MiLNER, Vice-chancellor, J. Barker,

J. Smith, J. Turner,

R. Farmer, Fra. Barnes,

■\^. ColmaN, W. Craven,

L. Yates, T, Postlethwaite.

From this sentence Mr. Frend appealed, and on the 14th of June
Sir William Wynne knt. LL.D. of Trinity Hall, John iTey D.D. of
Sidney College, John Barlow Scale D.D. of Christ's College, John
Lane M.A. of Queens' College, and Edward Christian M.A. of St.
John's College, were appointed delegates. They on the 29th of June,
unanimously affirmed the Vicechancellor's sentence.(0 In the follow-
ing year, Mr. Frend made an ineffectual application to the Court of
King's Bench for a mandamus to restore him to his fVanchIses.(2)

On the 3rd of April in this year, the Master and fellows of Jesus
College, decided that Mr. Frend by writing the pamphlet in question,
was guilty of an offence against the laws of the college, and that he
should not be allowed to reside in college till he should produce
satisfactory proofs of good behaviour. Mr. Frend appealed to the
Bishop of Ely the Visitor, who after considering the written state-
CD Howell's State Trials, xxii. 523.
(2) See under 1794.

VOL. IV, 3 t.

450 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1794

ments of the parties, on the 13th of July, dismissed the appeal.(i)
Mr. Frend afterwards applied to the Court of King's Bench for a
mandamus requiring the Bishop to hear and determine the appeal,
contending that he was bound to hear the parties personally. The
Court refused a rule.(2)

At the Town Sessions held on the 18th of July, John Cook of
the Petty Cury, baker, was tried for uttering the following seditious
words at the Red Lion and Black Bull in this town, "I will
" always have a calf's head for dinner on the 80th of January,
" so long as I have money to buy one : King George's head would
" look weU so served up in a dish ; there would be cut and come
" again ; and what a wonderful discovery there would be when
''you came to the brains! D— n the monarchy; I want none:
" I wish to see all the churches down, and the roads mended
" with them, and King's Chapel made a stable of." He was con-
victed and sentenced to three months' imprisonment, to pay a fine
of 40s. and to find sureties of the peace for six years.(3)

On Saturday the 20th of July, appeared the first number of a
weekly newspaper entitled "The Cambridge Intelligencer," price 3^<Z.
It was printed and edited by Benjamin Flower, a person of no
inconsiderable talent, and who strongly advocated liberal opinions.
This paper was continued for about ten years, when Mr. Flower
removed from Cambridge to Harlow in Essex.

On the 24th of October, a grace passed that all future elections
to the Professorship of Chemistry should be " secundum morem
in Electione Burgensium receptum."(4)

On the 14th of December, the Senate voted £100. from the
University chest towards supplying the British troops serving on
the Continent, with comfortable clothing and other necessaries during
the winter. (5)

1794.

At the Town Sessions held on the I7th of January, an indict-
ment for seditious words was preferred against Luke Pennington"
a printer. It appearing that he used the Avords when heated with
liquor and provoked, the grand jury threw out the bill.(6)

(1) Howell's State Trials, xxii. 733.

(2) Durnford & East's Reports, v. 475-

(3) Cambridg-e Chronicle; Cambridge Intelligencer, 20 Julj', 1793,

(4) Gunning, Ceremonies of Univ. of Canib. 268.

(5) Cambridge Chronicle, 21 Dec. 1793.
(fi) Cambridge Intelligencer, 18 Jan. 1794.

1794] ^ GEORGE THE THIRD. 451

On Wednesday, the 28th of February, being the day appointed for
a general fast, a sermon was preached before the University at Great
St. Mary's, by the Rev. William Lort Mansel Public Orator from
Jer. xxxiv. 17.(^)

On the 5th of March, the University proceeded to elect a per-
petual curate of Seaton Ross in the county of York. The candi-
dates were Thomas Brown M.A. of Christ's College, and Nicholas
Bourne M.A. fellow of St, John's College. The votes were. Brown
78 ; Bourne 46.(2)

At the Lent Assizes, the Earl of Hardwicke the Lord Lieute-
nant, proposed that the County should raise a troop of cavalry
of eighty men, and that the militia should be augmented by a
certain number of private volunteers. The Grand Jury approved
of this proposal, and resolved that a subscription for carrying the
same into effect should be commenced. The sum of £4235. 6s. 6d.
was accordingly raised by subscription, and a corps of volunteer
cavalry or fencibles was formed, of which Robert Jones Adeane
Esq. was constituted captain. Amongst the subscribers were the
University (£500.), the Earl of Hardwicke (£300.), James Warwood
Adeane Esq. M.P. for the County (£100.), Hon. Charles Yorke
M.P. for the County (£100.), Hon. Joseph Sidney Yorke(3) of the
Circe frigate (£50.), St. John's College (£100.), Dr. James Yorke
Bishop of Ely (£100.), King's College (£105.), Thomas Panton
Esq. (£50.), the Dean and Chapter of Ely (£50.), Joseph Tharp
Esq. (£100.), Richard Cropp Esq. (£50.), Henry Lyell Esq. (£100.),
Trinity College (£105.)(4)

A paper duty act which received the royal assent on the 4th
of April, contains enactments for drawbacks on paper used at the
presses of the Universities in printing books in the Latin, Greek,
Oriental or Northern languages, or Bibles, Testaments, Psalm-books,
and Books of Common Prayer. (5)

On the 12th of April, a grace to subscribe the above-mentioned
sum of £500. from the University chest for augmenting the militia,
was carried by majorities of 37 to 5, and 30 to 6.(6)

In April this year, (when the University was thin, and many
of the Town were engaged in the militia and other warlike ser-

(1) Cambridge Intelligencer, I March, 1794.

(2) Ibid. 8 March, 1794.

(3) Father of the present Earl of Hardwicke.

(4) Cambridge Chronicle, 15 March— 21 June, 17^4.

(5) Stat. 34 Geo, III. c 20, ss. 37, 39, 10, 41.

(6) Cambridge Intelligencer, 12 April, 1791.

45g GEORGE THE THIRD, {l^M

vices) the collector of the paving tax took an account of the popu-
lation. The following was the result : —

AH Saints 685

St. Andrew the Great 1149

St. Andrew the Less , 320

St. Benedict 547

St. Botolph 564

St. Clement ,...., 659

St. Edward , 662

St. Giles 805

St. Mary the Great 765

St, Mary the Less 557

St. Michael ...,.,....,.,... 303

St. Peter . , 361

Holy Sepulchre 449

Holy Trinity ,....,...,,..,. 1116

8942
Servants resident in the Colleges 121

9063
Resident members of the University ....... 805

9868(1)

On the 23rd of May, the royal assent was given to an act
amending the paving act.(2)

On the 12th of June, the Town was illuminated on account of
Lord Howe's victory over the French fleet.(3)

On tlie 26th of November, the Court of King's Bench discharged
a rule which had been obtained by Mr. Frend calling upon the
University to show cause why a mandamus should not issue com-
manding them to restore him to the franchises of a resident Mas-
ter of Arts. (4) Cause was shown by Sir John Scott (5) Attorney-
General, the Hon. Thomas Erskine,(6) Mr. Law,(7) Mr. Graham,(8)
and Mr. Le Blanc,(9) and the rule was supported by Mr. Gibbs(iO)
and Mr. Raine.(ii)

(1) MS. Bowtell, iii. 356.

(2) Vide ante, p. 429.

(3) Cambridge Chronicle, 14 June, 173,1-

(4) Vide ante, p. 449.

(5) Afterwards Earl of Eldon and Lord High Chancellor.

(6) Afterwards Lord Erskino and Loid High Chancellor.

(7) Afterwards Lord EUenborough and Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench.

(8) Afterwards Sir Robert Graham Baron of the Exchequer.

(9) Afterwards Sir Simon Le Blanc Justice of the King's Bench.

(10) Afterwards Sir Vicary Gibbs Lord Chief Justice of the Common Plcaisl
(U) Durnford & East's Reports, vi. 89,

1795] GEORGE THE THIRD. 453

1795.

In January, there was a liberal subscription for the relief of
the poor of the town. The Duchess Dowager of Rutland sent £100.
There was also a subscription for the relief of the poor in the
adjacent villages. To this fund the University contributed £50.
and the Earl of Hardwicke the like sum.(i)

On the 10th of February, there was a great flood, the waters
being nearly a foot higher than in the flood of October 1762.(^)
" The water ran over the high walks at King's college, Clare hall,
" Trinity college, and St. John's, and the road at the back of the
<' colleges, was for some hours impassable. A person plied with a
" cart opposite Magdalen college, to carry passengers to the Great
" Bridge. "(3)

On Wednesday the 25th of February, which was observed as a
general fast, a sermon was preached before the University at Great
St. Mary's, by the Rev. James Fawcett B.D. the Lady Margaret's
Preacher, from 1 Pet. v. 6.(^)

By an act which received the royal assent on the 5th of March,
the County of Cambridge was required to levy 126 able-bodied men
to serve in the royal navy.(5) The quota of the Town and Uni-
versity was thirty-two. More than a third of this number were
provided by the University .(6) The Town gave each man a bounty
of twenty guineas and a jacket and trousers.C^')

On the 29th of April, an address from the University congratu-
lating the King on the marriage of the Prince of Wales with the
Princess Caroline of Brunswick, was presented at St. James's by
the Duke of Grafton Chancellor of the University, Dr. Yates Vice-
chancellor, the Right Hon. William Pitt and the Earl of Euston
representatives in Parliament for the University, the Duke of Rut-
land, the Bishops of London, Bangor, Gloucester, Ely, Norwich and
St. David's, and other members of the University.(8) On the 30th
of April, the Corporation voted a similar address, which was pre-
sented by Colonel Manners one of the members for the Town.(&)

(1) Cambridge Chronicle, 17 Jan.— 28 Feb. 1795.

(2) Vide ante, p. 323.

(3) Cambridge Chronicle, 14 Feb. 1795.

(4) Cambridg-e Intelligencer, 28 Feb. 1795.

(5) Stat. 35 Geo. III. c. 5, 3. 1.

(6) Cambridge Chronicle, 28 March, 17S5.

(7) Cambridge Intelligencer, 4 April, 1795.

(8) London Gazette, 28 April to 2 May, 1795; Cambridge lutclligoncer, 2 May, 17S^.

(9) London Gazette, 5 to 9 Mav, 1795.

454' GEORGE THE THIRD. [1795

By the Eau Brink Act whicli received the royal assent on the
19th of May, the Mayor and Aldermen of Cambridge for the time
being, the Vicechancellor of Cambridge for the time being, and the
Conservators of the river Cam for the time being, were (with others)
appointed commissioners for navigation.(i)

An act to enable woolcombers to exercise trades in any town
or place (which received the royal assent on the 26th of June,)
contains a proviso that the act should not in any wise be pre-
judicial to the privileges of the Universities of Cambridge and Ox-
ford, or either of them, or extend to give liberty to any person
to set up the trade of a vintner, or to sell any wine or other
liquors within the said Universities without license first had and
obtained from the Vicechancellor of the same respectively.(2)

In July, a subscription was entered into for providing the poor
with bread at the reduced price of sixpence the quartern.(')

On the 17th of July, "a mob assembled and seized a lighter
" laden with flour, which was going down the river to Ely and
" Littleport, and were preparing to divide the flour among them,
" when the Earl of Hardwicke and several other magistrates as-
" sembled at the county sessions, immediately went to the spot,
" in order to preserve the property of Mr. Howard, the owner of
" the flour, and on the suggestions of some gentlemen present, it
" was put in a waggon and carried to the Town Hall, where it
" was deposited. As soon as Mr. Mortlock, the deputy Mayor,
" heard of this proceeding, he sent for the mealman to whom the
" flour belonged, and paid him for it, assuring the populace it
" should be kept in the Town hall for the use of the inhabitants
" of this place, and that an ample supply was provided for them.
" A handbill was also published, signed by the Vice-chancellor and
" Deputy Mayor, addressed to the poor inhabitants, informing them
" that they shall have bread at sixpence the quartern loaf. This
" had some effect, and they dispersed for that night.

"On the next day, Saturday, they crowded . the market at an
" early hour, declaring they would not suffer any regrating or
*' forestalling ; about 10 o'clock they seized some meat which they
" supposed had been unlawfully kept back or taken out of the
" market, which the Mayor caused to be brought forth and pub-
" licly sold. The same was done by many other parcels, till at

(1) Stat. 35 Geo. III. c. 77, s. 3.

(2) Stat. 35 Geo. 111. c. 124, s. 3.

(3) Cambridge Chronicle, 1 July, 2.5 July, 1795.

1795] GEORGE THE THIRD. 455

" length the mob increased both in their number and demands,
" and insisted on having meat sold at four-pence per pound, which
*' many of the butchers complied with, under the direction of the
" magistrate, who promised that the loss should be made np to
" them. They assembled in very large numbers as night approach-
" ed, but by persuasion, and the publication of the following hand-
'' bill, they were at length prevailed on to disperse : —

To the Poor Inhabitants of the Town of Cambridge,
Suffer us to entreat you to depart to your respective homes, and be assured
we will take every legal measure to reduce the Price of Meat, by preventing
the Butchers buying and selling in the same Market, and all Forestalling, In-
grossing, and Regrating.

LowTHER Yates, Vice-Chancellor.
John Mortlock, Deputy Mayor.
R. Farmer.
Tho, Bond.

" Mr. Mortlock continued on horseback with the mob the greater
" part of the day ; and under the idea that they would not be
" guilty of any very violent excesses, if not provoked, he deter-
" mined to risk the appeasing them himself, without calling in
" the constables, or swearing in supernumerary ones, lest any one
" over zealous should irritate them, and thereby put it out of his
" power to preserve tolerable order."

On the 20th of July the Vicechancellor and Deputy Mayor pub-
lished the following notice: —

Borough of Cambridge.

July 20, 1795.
Information having been given us, that Butcher's Meat, Poultry, Butter,
Eggs, Vegetables, and other articles, are purchased in this towTi before they
are brought into the public market; and that such articles as are purchased
in the public market are there immediately sold again, at an advanced price,
to the great injury of the poor, and others resorting thereto:

Now NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN, that we havc directed all Officers, Constables,
and others M'hom it may concern, to be vigilant in detecting such offenders,
that prosecutions may be forthwith commenced against them.

We LIKEWISE GIVE NOTICE, that no person will be allowed to sell any
article in the market of the said Borough before 8 o'clock in the morning, at
which time the Crier Avill ring his bell. And we forbid all persons exposing
to sale any article whatever, or to keep open shop after 10 o'clock in the
morning on the Lord's Day ; as it is our determined resolution to punish
those to the utmost, who after this notice shall offend herein.

L. Yates, Vice-Chancellor.
John Mortlock, Deputy Mayor.
For the preservation of the peace, assistant constables were sworn
in on the 24th of July.d)

(1) Cambridge Chronicle; Cambridg-c Intelligencer, 25 July, 1795.

450 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1795

On Sunday the 27th of September, the Right Hon. Charles James
Fox and Lord Robert Spencer arrived at the Rose inn, and on
the following day took a view of the libraries, chapels, and other
public buildings of the University.(i)

On the 6th of November, there was a violent hurricane here.
Many of the trees in the College walks were blown down, espe-
cially a mulberry tree at Christ's College, vrhich according to tra-
dition was planted by Milton, and a poplar at St. John's, which
was forty-two feet in length and twenty-nine inches and a half in
girth, and which with its three arms contained 328 feet.(2)

On the 10th of November, the Corporation voted an address to
the King, congratulating him upon his escape from the attempt upon
his person on opening the Parliament on the 29th of October. This
address was presented by Lieut. Col. Manners and Lieut. Col. Finch
the Members for the Town. (3)

On the 14th of November, the Senate voted an address to the
King, expressive of the warmest sentiments of loyalty and affection,
and of extreme concern and indignation at the late outrageous at-
tempt against his life. This address was presented at St. James's
on the 2nd of December by Dr. Douglas Vicechancellor, accompa-
nied by the Right Hon. William Pitt High Steward of the Univer-
sity, the Duke of Rutland, and several others of the Nobility, the
Caput, Registrary, and the Senior Esquire Bedel.(4) The King on
this occasion conferred the honour of knighthood on Isaac Penning-
ton M.D. Regius Professor of Physic.(5)

On the 25th of November, a county meeting to address the
King on the late attack on his person was convened by the
Sheriff at the Shire Hall, and adjourned from thence to the Senate
House yard. The address was proposed by the Earl of Hardwicke,
and seconded by the Reverend Jeremy Pemberton of Trumpington.
Thomas Brand (6) Esq. proposed an amendment, requesting his Ma-
jesty to open an immediate negotiation for peace, and to refuse his
assent to the pending bills for the security and preservation of
his Majesty's person and government and for preventing seditious
meetings. Richard Reynolds Esq. of Paxton seconded this amend-
ment, which was supported by Richard Greaves Townley Esq., the

(1) Cambridge Intellig'encer, 3 Oct. 1795.

(2) Cambridge Chronicle, 14 Nov. 1795.

t3) London Gazette, 14 to 17 Nov. 1795; Cambridge Intelligencer, 14 Nov. 1795.

(4) London Gazette, 3 to 5 Dec. 1795.

(5) Cambridge Chronicle; Cambridge Intelligencer, 5 Dec, 1795.
{Ij) Now (1846) Ivord Dacre.

1796] GEORGE THE THIRD. 457

Rev. Walter Whiter fellow of Clare Hall, Henry Gunning Esq., James
Ho veil Esq., Mr. Edward Randall, and Counsellor Phillips ;(•) and op-
posed by the Earl of Hardwicke and the Hon. and Rev. Charles Dalrym-
ple Lindsay. (2) There was, it was alleged, a great majority in favour of
the amendment, but the Sheriff declared the address carried. Several
gentlemen then announced their intention to bring forward a peti-
tion to the House of Commons against the bills, but the Sheriff
quitted the meeting. An adjourned meeting was held the same
day at the Cardinal's Cap, Mr. Brand in the chair, when a peti-
tion to the House of Commons against the bills was voted, and
it was resolved to request Mr. Fox to present the same. Thanks
were also voted to the Duke of Bedford and the other Lords, and
to Mr. Fox and the other members of the House of Commons,
who had opposed the bills.(3) The address originally proposed was
signed by the Sheriff and presented to the King at St. James's,
on the 2nd of December, by the Earl of Hardwicke and General
Adeane.('i)

On the 18th of December, the royal assent was given to the
act for the more effectually preventing seditious meetings and as-
semblies. There is a proviso that nothing therein contained should
be construed to extend to any lectures or discourses delivered in.
any of the Universities of these kingdoms by any member thereof
or any person authorized by the Chancellor, Vicechancellor, or other
proper officers of such Universities respectively .(5)

1796.

This year was first published The Cambridge University Calendar,
which has been (with the exception of 1798,) continued annually.

On the 28th of January, the Senate voted a congratulatory ad-
dress to the King on the birth of the Princess Charlotte of Wales.(6)
It was presented on the 9th of February, at St. James's, by the
Right Hon. William Pitt High Steward of the University, accompa-
nied by the Vicechancellor, the Master of the Rolls, Earls Euston,
Spencer, and Westmoreland, Viscounts Falmouth and Sidney, the
Bishops of London, Gloucester, Llandaff, and Bangor, Lords Boston,
and Walsingham, Sir James Marriott and other members of the Uni-

(1) This g'entlemen who lived at New Barns, Ely, had been counsel for Mr. Fox, in the
famous Westminster Scrutiny, and was commonly called Scrutiny Phillips.

(2) Bishop of Killaloe & Kilfenora 1803, Kildare 1814.

(3) Cambridge Chronicle, 28 Nov. 1795; Cambridge Intelligencer, 21 Nov. 28 Nov. 1TP5.

(4) Cambridge Chronicle, 5 Dec. 1795.

(5) Stat. 36 Geo. Ill.c.8, s. 18.

(6) Cambridge Chroniclo. 30 Jan. 1795.

VOL. IV. 3 M

458 GEORGE THE THIRD- [1797

versity. On the same day, a similar address was presented from the
Mayor and Corporation.(n

On Wednesday the 9th of March, which was appointed as a
general fast, a sermon was preached before the University at Great
St. Mary's, by the Rev. Charles John Chapman M.A. fellow of Corpus
Christi College, from Isaiah xlv. 7. Mr. Justice Ashurst then here
on circuit as Judge of Assize, attended the sermon, but as soon
as it was over went to the Shire Hall and proceeded to business.(2)

On the 2nd of April, the Prince and Princess of Orange arrived
at the Rose Inn. They visited the University Library, the Physic
Garden, College walks, &c. On the following day (Sunday) they
attended the University sermons at Great St. Mary's, morning and
afternoon, and in the evening proceeded to the Earl of Exeter's, at
Burleigh.(3)

At the Town Sessions held on the 6th of October, an indict-
ment was preferred against Thomas Dingley Hatton Esq., for not
repairing the Great Bridge as by the tenure of certain lands he
ought to have done. This indictment was ignored.(4)

On the 11th of November, the royal assent was given to acts
by which the county of Cambridge was required to furnish 646
men to the supplementary militia,(5) and 163 men for the army. (6)
Another act passed at the same time for raising a provisional
force of cavalry, contains a clause that no resident member of
either of the Universities should be liable to provide men, mares
or geldings in pursuance of that act.C?) The town quota to the
supplementary militia was 48,(8)

1797.

On the 2nd of March, at a public meeting of the inhabitants con-
vened by the Mayor, it was agreed, in order to contribute to the
public credit at this important crisis, to receive the notes of the
Bank of England and of the Banks of the town in all payments.
The agreement was signed by all the principal tradesmen, and by
several tutors, bursars and fellows of colleges. On the 4th of March,

(1) Cambridg'e Intelligencer, 1^ Feb. 1796.

(2) Ibid. 12 March, 1796.

(3) Ibid. 9 April, 1796.

(4) Town Sessions Book.

(5) Stat. 37 Geo. III. c. 3, s. 3.

(6) Stat. 37 Geo. III. c. 4, s. 1.

(7) Stat. 37 Geo. III. c. 6, s. 14.
(b)Cambridare Chronicle, 17 Dec. 1793.

1797] GEORGE THE THIRD. 459

the Vicechancellor and ten Heads of Colleges, entered into a reso-
lution to the same effect, which was also signed by fifty-five other
members of the several Colleges. On the same day, a like reso-
lution was entered into by the gentlemen, farmers and others re-
sident in the county assembled at the Rose Tavern.O

On the 22nd of April, was held in the Castle Yard a county
meeting, convened by the Sheriff in compliance with a requisition
signed by thirty-three freeholders and inhabitants, to take into
consideration the propriety of addressing and petitioning the King
upon the alarming state of public affairs, and praying him to
dismiss the Ministry from his councils for ever, as the most likely
means of obtaining a speedy, honourable and permanent peace, and
effecting the restoration of public credit. The address and peti-
tion were moved by Thomas Brand, Esq., seconded by Richard
Greaves Townley, Esq., and supported by the Duke of Bedford,
Henry Gunning Esq., Mr. Hollick, Edward King Fordham Esq., and
the Rev. Walter Whiter. Another address was proposed by way
of amendment by Sir Edward Nightingale, seconded by the Hon.
Charles Yorke, one of the members for the county, and supported
by the Rev. William Lort Mansel Public Orator, and the Rev.
Thomas Sheepshanks rector of Wimpole. On a division, the
numbers appeared so equal that the Sheriff (William Waller Esq.
of Chesterton Hall, Huntingdonshire,) declared he could not deter-
mine the majority and dissolved the meeting. The address brought
forward by Sir E. Nightingale was afterwards signed by a great
number of freeholders and inhabitants, and presented to the King
by the Lord Lieutenant and members for the county ,(2) Immedi-
ately after the Sheriff dissolved the meeting, the supporters of the
original address and petition assembled at the Cardinal's Cap Inn,
the Duke cf Bedford took the chair, and it was resolved that a de-
cided majority had been in favour of the original address and peti-
tion, but that as the sentiments of the meeting in the Castle Yard
were sufficiently manifest, the circulation in the county of the ad-
dress and petition for signature seemed under the circumstances
unnecessary.(3)

In Easter term, the Court of King's Bench in the case of the King
V. the President and College of Physicians, decided in favour of the

(1) Cambridge Chronicle, 4 Marcb, 11 March, 1797.

(2) Ibid. 8 April, 29 April, 1797.

(3) London Newspaper.

460 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1T97

validity of the bye-laws of that college which restrain others than
doctors of physic of the Universities from being elected fellows. d)

On the 3 1st of May, an address congratulating the King on the
marriage of the Princess Royal with the Hereditary Prince of Wir-
teraberg, was presented to his Majesty at St. James's, by Dr. Bel-
ward Vicechancellor, the Caput, proctors, registrary, and senior
esquire bedel, accompanied by the Duke of Rutland, the Earl of
Westmoreland, Earl Spencer, Lord Boston, the Earl of Euston, the
Right Hon. William Pitt, the Bishops of Bangor, Gloucester, and
Norwich, Lord Sidney, Sir William Wynne, the Master of the Rolls,
and other members of the Senate.(2)

A stamp act to which the royal assent was given on the 22nd of
June, imposed a duty of 4.9. upon " Any Matriculation of a Person
in either of the two Universities in England," and of £2. upon " Any
Register, Entry, Testimonial, or Certificate of any Degree taken in
either of the two Universities in England. ''(3)

On the 20th of July, the royal assent was given to an act for
amending, altering, improving and keeping in repair the road leading
from the town of Cambridge into the old north road near Arrington
Bridge.(4)

On the 5th of September, was an election of an esquire bedel,
in the room of William Matthew LL.B. fellow of Jesus College,
deceased. The candidates were Charles Lsola B.A. of Emmanuel
College, and John Ellis M.A. fellow of King's College. The votes
were lsola 94; Ellis 42.(5)

On the 21st of September, was an election of principal Librarian
of the University in the room of Richard Farmer D.D. Master of
Emmanuel College deceased. The candidates were Thomas Kerrich
B.D. President of Magdalene College, and Philip Douglas D.D.
Master of Corpus Christi College. The votes were Kerrich 100 ;
Douglas 69.(6)

On the 16th of October, there was a general illumination for
Admiral Duncan's victory over the Dutch fleet. The Senate after-
wards voted £100. from the University chest for the relief of the

(1) Durnford & East's Reports, vii. 282.

(2) Cambridg-e Chronicle, 3 June, 10 June, 17S7.

(3) Stat. 37 Geo. III. c. 90, s. 1.

(4) Stat. 37 Geo. III. c. 179.

(5) Cambridge Chronicle, 9 Sept. 1797.

(6) Cambridge Chronicle, 23 Sept. 1797; Nichols, Illustrations of the Literature of the
Eighteenth G«ntury, viii. 715,

1798] GEORGE THE THIRD. 461

widows and children of the seamen killed and wounded in the en-
gagement, and a farther sum of £179. 0*. 6d. was contributed by
individual members of the University. (i)

On the 19th of December, being the day appointed for a general
thanksgiving for recent naval victories, a sermon was preached
before the University at Great St. Mary's, by the Rev. Richard
Hardy B.D. fellow and tutor of Emmanuel College.

1798.

This year, there was a general contribution for the defence of
the country. Upwards of £11,000. was subscribed in the University
and Town. The contributions of £100. and upwards in Cambridge
and the neighbourhood are subjoined : —

The University, by grace of the Senate 31st January,(2) £1,050.
Peterhouse, £100. Jesus College, £105.

Clare Hall, £200. Christ's College, £200.

Pembroke Hall, £200. St. John's College, £525.

Caius College, £210. Magdalene College, ^£100.

Trinity Hall, £105. Trinity College, £525.

Corpus Christi College, £100. Emmanuel College, £210.

King's College, £525. Sidney College, £100.

Catharine Hall, £100.

The Corporation, £105.
Philip Earl of Hardwicke Lord Lieutenant of the County, John Tharp Esq.
of Chippenham, and Henry Lyell Esq. of Bourn, each £1,000.

The Hon. and Rev. James Yorke D.D. Bishop of Ely, Joseph Turner D.D.
Master of Pembroke Hall and Dean of Norwich, William Pearce D.D. Master
of Jesus College and Dean of Ely, each £300.

John Barker D.D. Master of Christ's College, Thomas Kipling D.D. Dean
of Peterborough, John Mainwaring B.D. Lady Margaret's Professor of Di-
vinity, Benjamin Keene Esq. of Westoe, each £200.

General Hall, Edward Green Esq. of Hinxton, each £105.
Robert Towerson Cory D.D. Vicechancellor and Master of Emmanuel Col-
lege, John Mortlock Esq. Mayor, Humphrey Sumner D.D. Provost of King's
College, Robert Tyrwhitt M.A, fellow of Jesus College, Busick Harwood
M.D. Professor of Anatomy, Robert Glynn M.D. fellow of King's College,
Richard Bclward D.D. Master of Caius College, Philip Douglas D.D. Master
of Corpus Christi College, Thomas Postlethwaite D.D. Master of Trinity
College, Ambrose Penning Esq. of Thriplow, Edward Gillam Esq., Sir Isaac
Pennington Knt. M.D. Regius Professor of Physic, James Fawcett B.D.
Norrisian Professor of Divinity, William Craven D.D. Master of St. John's
College, William Elliston D.D. Master of Sidney College, each £100.(3)

(1) Cambridge Chronicle, 21 Oct. 18 Nov. 9 Dec. 1797.

(2) This grace passed unanimously and it being proposed to double the amount the num-
bers were equal and the proposal therefore fell to the ground.— Cambridge Chronicle, 3
Feb. 1798.

C-i) Cambridge Chronicle, 3 Feb.—? April, 1798.

46^ - GEORGE THE THIRD. [1798

On the 7th of March, being a public fast day, a sermon was
preached before the University at Great St. Mary's, by the Rev.
William Lort Mansel public orator, from 2 Tim. iii. 1 & 2.0)

On the 23rd of March, an unsuccessful attempt was made to
pass a grace for appointing a syndicate to decide on the best
means of abolishing the law by which fellows of colleges are
bound to a life of celibacy.

A general meeting of the lieutenancy and magistrates of the
county was held here on the 24th of April, the Earl of Hard-
wicke Lord Lieutenant in the chair. A series of resolutions were
passed, having for their object to put the county into a complete
state of defence in case of an invasion. Thanks were voted to
Mr. Burleigh and Mr. Shallow both of Cambridge, for their patriotic
offers, the one of sixty horses and eight waggons for the public
service, and the other of six lighters, four horses, two lads, and
two men as well as his own personal service if required.(2)

On the 24th of May, was an election of public orator on the
resignation of that office by William Lort Mansel D.D. Master of
Trinity College. The candidates were the Rev. Edmund Outram
M.A. fellow of St. John's College, and the Rev. John Henry
Michell M.A. Vice-Provost of King's College. The votes were
Outram 162; Michell 76.(3)

On the 30th of April, the Vicechancellor and nine Heads of Col-
leges issued a decree prohibiting scholars from driving carriages, par-
ticularly in the streets, to the great danger of themselves and annoy-
ance of others, and in violation of all good order and discipline.

At a meeting of housekeepers and inhabitants of the town held
at Emmanuel College on the 7th of May, it was agreed to form
an armed association to be called " The Patriotic Association of
Cambridge Volunteers," Busick Harwood M.D. Professor of Ana-
tomy was appointed captain, James Burleigh lieutenant, and Mat-
thew Burbage ensign. On the 8th of May, another meeting of
the inhabitants was held at the Town Hall, John Mortlock Esq.
Mayor in the chair. At this meeting a military association called
" The Cambridge Loyal Association" was formed to serve without
expence to Government, except for arms and ammunition, and a
subscription was entered into to defray the cost of clothing and
paying the poorer members.(4)

(1) Cambridge Chronicle, 10 March, 1798.

(2) Ibid. 28 April, 1798.

(3) Ibifl 20 May. 1798.

{1) Ibid. ]?. May, 15 Sept. ITQS.

1799] GEORGE THE THIRD. 463

The act for suppression of societies established for seditious and
treasonable practices, (to which the royal assent was given on the
12th of July,) contains provisoes that its enactments should not
extend to any lectures or discourses to be delivered in any of the
Universities of these kingdoms by any member thereof, or any
person authorised by the Chancellor or Vicechancellor or other
proper ofi&cers of such Universities respectively, or to the public
presses belonging to the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge re-
spectively.(i)

On the 3rd of October, the Town and University were gene-
rally illuminated on account of the battle of the Nile, the Volun-
teer Associations paraded the town preceded by their band, and
there was a public supper in the Town Hall. A subscription was
entered into for the widows and orphans of those who fell in the
battle, towards which the University voted £200.(2)

In November, the University and Corporation presented ad-
dresses to the King congratulating him on the victories lately ob-
tained over the power of France by his Majesty's fleets. (3)

On the 29th of November, being the day appointed for a gene-
ral thanksgiving for the success of our arms at sea, and particu-
larly for Lord Nelson's victory at the Nile, a sermon was preached
before the University at Great St. Mary's, by Henry Lloyd M.A.
Regius Professor of Hebrew, from Deut. xxxii. 29. The Cambridge
Loyal Association attended this sermon.(4)

1799.

On Saturday, the 2nd of February, Elizabeth Woodcock on her
way from Cambridge market to Impington, where she resided, was
overwhelmed by the snow and was found alive on the 10th, although
she had no food in the interval. She lingered until the 13th of
July, when she expired.(5)

On the 1st of May, the House of Lords resolved that the Cam-
bridge Intelligencer of the 20th of April, contained a gross and
scandalous libel upon Dr. Richard Watson Bishop of Llandaff, and
ordered the Serjeant at Arms to attach the body of Benjamin

(1) Stat. 39 Geo. III. c, 79, ss. 22, 24.

(2) Cambridge Chronicle, 6 Oct. 13 Oct. 1798,

(3) Cambridg-e Chronicle, 3 Nov. 17 Nov. 1798; Corporation Couch cr.

(4) Cambridge Chronicle, 1 Dec. 1798.

(5) Case of Elizabeth Woodcock by Thomas Verney Okes ; Hone's Every Day Book, ii.
175. A very similar case is mentioned in a letter from Thomas Hearne to Mr. Francis
Cherry, dated 3 April, 1709, (Letters from the Bodleian Library, i. 191.)

464 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1800

Flower the printer thereof, and bring him in safe custody to the
bar of the House. Mr. Flower was arrested at Cambridge the
next day, and brought to the Lords' bar on the 3rd of May,
when after being heard, it was resolved that he was guilty of a
breach of privilege, and he was fined £100. and committed to
Newgate for six months. Being afterwards brought before the
Court of King's Bench on Habeas Corpus, Mr. Clifford (i) his coun-
sel, moved that he should be discharged from custody or delivered
upon bail, but this was refused and he was remanded.(2)

On the 24th of August, John Henry Duke of Rutland (3) was
elected recorder on the resignation of that oflBce by the Duke of
Beaufort, who in a letter to the Corporation stated that the only
pretension he had to hope for the honour of being recorder of
Cambridge, was to hold it during the Duke of Rutland's minority .(4)

By the Militia Act, which received the royal assent on the 12th
of July, the number of men to be raised by the county of Cam-
bridge with volunteers was fixed at 901.(5)

In September, there was a general illumination on account of
the success of the expedition to Holland and the surrender of the
Dutch fleet.(6)

At the Town Sessions held on the 10th of October, the grand
jury presented the Great Bridge as ruinous and in decay.(7)

On the 23rd of December, the Corporation voted the freedom of
the town to H. R. H. Prince William Frederick of Gloucester.(8)

1800.

A subscription was set on foot for the relief of the poor of
Cambridge and the neighbouring villages, by the establishment of
a public soup shop. This subscription (which originated at a meet-
ing held at the Rose Tavern, on the 31st of December, 1799, Dr.
Mansel Vicechancellor in the chair,) amounted to above £900.
The Duke of Rutland gave £21., King's College £21., and the
Earl of Hardwicke, £20. The distribution of soup continued till

(1) Henry Cliiford Esq. He subsequently acquired the appellation of O. P. Clifford,
from the conspicuous part he took in the O. P. row at Covent Garden Theatre.

(2) Howell's State Trials, xxvii. 985.

(3) In EUer's Belvoir Castle, (120,) it is stated that Charles the fourth Duke of Rut-
laud was Recorder of Cambridge, but this is a mistake.

(4) Corporation Common Day Book.

(5) Stat. 39 Geo. III. c. 106, s. 2.

('J) Cambridge Chronicle, 8 Sept. 1799.

(7) Town Sessions Book.

On the 24th of April, 1800, the Court ordered £21. to be paid to Aldermr>.n Butcher
on accoAnt of his issuing a commission of pontage.

(8) Corporation Common Day Book.

1800] GEORGE THE THIRD. 455

the 26th of April, and rice and peas were given away or sold at
reduced prices up to the 12th of July.C)

On the Cth of February, died at King's College, in his 82nd
year, Robert Glynn Cloberry M.D. senior fellow of that society,
and many years a practising physician at Cambridge. He was
according to his express direction interred privately in King's Col-
lege Chapel, but on the 16th of February, being the Sunday next
after his funeral. Dr. Mansel the Vicechancellor, the Heads of
Houses, noblemen and other members of the Senate to the num-
ber of seventy, proceeded in mourning from Trinity College to Great
St. Mary's, where a funeral sermon was preached by John Henry
Michell M.A. fellow of King's College. Dr. Glynn (for so he was
commonly called to the day of his death) was universally respected
for his great talents and active and unwearied beuevolence.(2)

On the 12th of March, being a general fast day, a sermon was
preached before the University at Great St. Mary's, by Richard Rams-
den M.A. fellow of Trinity College.

On the 16th of May, the royal assent was given to an act for
explaining and amending the acts relating to college leases.(3)

On the 22nd of May, the Senate voted an address to the King
congratulating him on his escape from an attack made on his life
by James Hadfield. This address was presented at St James's on
the 28th, by Dr. Mansel the Vicechancellor and delegates appoint-
ed by the University, accompanied by the Right Hon. William
Pitt and the Earl of Euston members for the University, the
Duke of Rutland, the Earls of Westmoreland, Hardwicke, and
Leicester, Viscount Sydney, Lords Arden, and St. Helen's, the
Bishops of London, Ely, Norwich, Gloucester, St. David's, and
Chichester, Sir Richard Pepper Arden Master of the Rolls, the
Right Hon. Dudley Ryder, and about 200 other noblemen and
gentlemen who were educated at the University.(4)

On the 23rd of May, the Corporation voted an address con-
gratulating the King on the like occasion, which was presented by
the Duke of Rutland.l^)

On the 31st of May, a county meeting was held at the Shire
Hall, to address the King on his preservation from Hadfield's at-

(1) Cambridge Chronicle, 4 Jan.— 5 July, 1800, Jan I 7, 1801.

(2) Nichols, Literary Anecdotes of the Eighteenth Century, viii. 212; Cambridge Clironi-
cle, 8 Feb. 22 Feb. 1800.

(3) Stat. 39 & 40 Geo. III. c.41.

(4) Cambridge Chronicle, 24 May, 7 June, 1800 ; London Gazette, 27 to 31 May, 1800.

(5) London Gazette, 31 May to 3 June, 1800.
VOL. IV. 3 N

466 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1800

tempt on his life. The address was moved by the Rev. James
Nasmith D.D., seconded by the Hon. Charles Yorke one of the
members for the county, and carried unanimously. When presented
to the King, he conferred the honour of knighthood on the sheriff,
Richard Hetley Esq., of Alwalton, Huntingdonshire. (•)

On the 24th of August, John Henry Duke of Rutland was
elected High Steward of the Town in the room of Thomas Lord
Montfort deceased, and Lord Charles Somerset Manners Recorder(2)
on the resignation of his brother the Duke of Rutland. Twenty-
five honorary freemen were made on the same day. All were in
the Rutland interest, and one only resided in the town. (3)

On the 10th of September, " Ann Hyson, a poor woman of
" this town, complained to the Vice- Chancellor, that having taken
" her gleanings to be ground at one of the windmills in Chester-
" ton field, the miller instead of returning her her own flour, gave
" her nothing but that of the refuse of wheat, and even of that
" some pounds short of weight. The Vice-Chancellor caused the
" miller to be immediately apprehended ; found the case as stated,
" and insisted on his giving the poor woman a guinea before he
" left the Lodge, to the great and unlooked for reliei" of herself
" and her infant children. "(4)

There was a slight riot in the market on Saturday the 13th of
September, on account of the high price of corn. The magistrates
and constables prevented the mob from proceeding to any great
excess. The whole of the Cambridge Loyal Association with almost
all the principal inhabitants were sworn in as assistant constables. (5)

On the 18th of September, the Corporation determined to pro-
secute forestallers, regrators and engrossers at their expence, and
appointed a committee of three aldermen to undertake the necessary
proceedings. On the same day, the Vicechancellor published the fol-
lowing notice : —

Prosecution of Forestallers.

The illegal practices of Forestalling and Regrating Corn, Butter, &c., &c.,
having of late been carried to a shameful and alarming length in this place,
the Vice-Chancellor, determined, as far as in his power, to bring every such
offender to immediate and condign punishment, and well aware, at the same

(1) Cambridge Chronicle, 14 June, 21 June, 1800.

(2) His deputies were : —

1818. Kobert Henry Blossett (formerly Peckwell) Serjeant at Law, afterwards knighted and

made Chief Justice of Bengal.
1822. Henry Storks Esq., afterwards Serjeant at Law and Chief Justice of the Isle of Ely,
now (1848) Recorder of Cambridge.

(3) Corporation Common Day Book.

(4) Cambridge Chronicle, 13 Sept. 180O.

(5) Ibid. 20 Sept. ISOO.

1800] GEOliGE THE THIllD. 4g7

time, that few individuals are able to carry on a Prosecution for the same
at their own private cxpence ; thinks it right to give this Public Notice,
that he has this day summoned the membera of the University for Satur-
day next, in the Senate House, to consider of the expediency of prosecuting
all such oftenders at the sole cxpence of the University.

W. L. Mansel, Yice-Chancollor.
Trin. Coll. Sept. IS, 1800.

On the 20th of September, the Senate unanimously empowered
the Vicechancellor to draw from the common chest any sum not
exceeding £200. to be employed at his discretion in discovering
and prosecuting forestallers, regrators and monopolizers of corn,
meat, butter and cheese. (i)

On the 22ud of September, a royal charter for the incorporation
of Downing College passed the great seal. After reciting the will
of Sir George Downing (2) and certain proceedings in Chancery con-
nected therewith, (3) the King willed, ordained, constituted, establish-
ed, declared, and appointed —

1. That in and upon a piece of ground called Doll's Close, in the town of
Cambridge, purchased by the heirs at law of Sir George Downing, from the
Mayor, bailiffs, and burgesses of the town of Cambridge,!^) there should and
might be erected and established one perpetual College for students in law,
physic, and other useful arts and learning, which College should be called
by the name of Downing College, in the University of Cambridge, and
should consist of one Master, two professors ; (that is to say) a Professor
of the Laws of England, and a Professor of Medicine, and sixteen fellows
(two of whom should be in holy orders, and the rest laymen,) and of such
a number of scholars as should thereafter be agreed on and settled by the
statutes of the College.('0

(1) Cambridge Chronicle, 20 Sept. 27 Sept. 1800.

(2) Vide ante, p. 267.

(3) The trustees named in Sir Georg-e Downing's will died in his life time. Sii- Jacob
Garrard Downing Bart, died ■without issue 7 i'eb. 17()4. In that year, an information
was filed in the Court of Chancery, by the Attorney General at the "relation of the Chan-
cellor Masters and Scholars of the University, against Dame Margaret Downing, (who
in 1768, married George Bowyer Esq. Captain 11. N. afterwards Sir George Bowyer Bart-,)
the heirs at law of Sir George Downing and others. On the 3rd of July, 1769, the Lord
Chancellor deci'eed the will of Sir George and a codicil thereto to be well proved, and
that the same ought to be established and the trusts thereof performed and carried into
execution, particularly the trusts for the foundation of the College, in case the King
■would grant a charter of incorporation. He also declared that certain freehold estates
purchased by the testator after making his will did not pass by the codicil, and that
certain leaseholds and copyholds did not pass by the u ill. In consequence of the deaths
of some of the parties to tlic suit, several informations of revivor and supplement were
filed, and by a decretal order of the Court of Chancery made on the 16th of Feb. 17U5, the
decree of 1769 W'as ordered to be prosecuted agains't the several parties to the informa-
tions of revivor and supplement. On the 5th of March, 1800, the Lord Ch.ancellor pro-
nounced a final decree in favour of the foundation of the college, and on tbe (ith of June,
1800, the Privy Council recommended the King to grant the charter of incorporation.

(4) Doll's Close in the parish of the Holy Trinity, (bounded by Maids' <'auseway. Willow
Walk, Fair Street, and Short Street,) was conveyed to Sir George Cornewall Bart, and Dame
Catharine his wife, Mary Goate widow, Francis Annesley Esq., and William Henry Scourfield
Esq. (the four last being the heirs at law of Sir George'Downing) by indentures of lease and
release dated 14th and 15th of July, 1800. In 1801, an act for changing the scite of the col-
lege was obtained, and the above conveyance, which had been made conditionally, was
avoided.

'5) Statutcb nerc given in July, 1S05.

4(58 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1800

2. That tlie said Master, professors, fellows, and scholars, and their suc-
cessors for ever, should be one distinct and separate body politic and] cor-
porate in deed and name, by the name and style of the Master, Professors,
Fellows, and Scholars of Do^vning College, in the University of Cambridge,
and that by the same name they should have perpetual succession and a
common seal, and that by the same name they and their successors, from
time to time, and at all times thereafter, should be a body politic and
corporate in deed and in law, and be able and capable to have, take, re-
ceive, hold, possess, enjoy, and retain, to and for the use of the CoIt
lege, all and every the freehold, copyhold and leasehold manors, advowsons,
messuages, lands, rents, tenements, hereditaments, and possessions given and
devised by the will of the said Sir George Do'miing, together with the said
piece of ground called Doll's Close, and also to take, purchase, acquire,
have, hold, enjoy, receive, possess, and retain, notwithstanding any statute
or statutes of mortmain to the contrary, any other manors, rectories, ad-
vowsons, messuages, lands, tenements, rents, and hereditaments of what
kind, nature, or quality soever, for the use of the College, so that the
same did not exceed the yearly value of £1,500. above all charges and
reprizes.

3. That the College should be deemed and taken to be part and parcel of
the University of Cambridge, and should be united and annexed to and incor-
porated therewith, and enjoy all the privileges of the University.

4. That the Master, professors, fellows, and scholars of the College and
their successors, should and might individually have, hold, take, and enjoy
within the University of Cambridge and the liberties and precincts thereof,
all and singular such and the same privileges, franchises, and liberties, and
in as full and ample manner and form, and should be subject to all such
discipline, order, and government as any Master, professor, or any warden,
provost, principal, or doctor of any other College in the said University of
Cambridge, and their fellows and scholars, oflRcers and ministers, or any of
them within the said University, by reason of any charter, gift, or grant, or
charters, gifts, or grants by His Majesty, or any of his progenitors thereto-
fore made or granted to the same University, or by reason of any prescription,
custom, or other lawful title or ordinance whatsoever, had, taken, held, or
enjoyed, or been subject to, or ought to have had, taken, held, or enjoyed,
or been subject to.(])

5. That Francis Annesley(2) Doctor of Laws in the said University, should
be the first and modern Master of the College, and Edward Christian(3)
Esquire, Master of Arts in the said University and Barrister at Law the
first Professor of the Laws of England, and Busick Harwood Doctor in Physic
the first Professor of Medicine in the College.

6. That John Lens(3) Serjeant at Law, and William Meeke(3) Barrister at
Law, Masters of Arts in the said University, and William Frere Batchelor
of Arts in the said University, and such thirteen other persons, to be quali-
fied in manner thereinafter prescribed respecting the elections of the future
fellows of the College, as his Majesty should, after the necessary build-
ings for the College should have been erected, by writing under his sign

(1) A grace to admit Downing College to enjoy the same privileges as the rest of the
endowed colleges passed the Senate in 1786.— Cambridge Chronicle, 6 May, 1786.

(2) Dr. Annesley who was one of the heirs at law of Sir George Downing, was M.P. for
Reading from 1774 to 1806. He died W, April, 1812.

(3) These gentlemen were with others appointed in July, 1788, Syndics for management
of the proceedings in the Court of Chancery, relative to the foundation of Downing College.

1800] GEORGE THE THIRD. 4(59

manual nominate and appoint should be the first and modern fellows of the
College.

7. That out of the revenues of the College, there should be in the first place
set apart so much as should be necessary to be applied in erecting proper build-
ings for the College, together with any other funds applicable for that purpose,
under the direction of the Court of Chancery.

8. Plis Majesty reserved to himself, his heirs and successors, all visitatorial
power and authority over the College.(l)

On the 25th of October, the Vicechancellor issued the following
notice : —

The University being possessed of the whole and sole jurisdiction of the
Cambridge Market, I give this public notice, that the said Market (beginning
with this day) will not be open to Higlers and those who Buy to Sell again,
till Twelve in the morning : and that till that time it will be open to the
other inhabitants only.

W, L. Mansel, Vice-Chancellor.

Trin. Lodge, Saturday, Oct. 25, 1800.

Dr. Gretton Vicechancellor, twelve Heads of Colleges, and thirty-
nine other members of the University signed and published an
agreement that during the then scarcity they would abstain from
the use of pastry^ and check as far as in their power every waste-
ful expenditure of the necessary articles of subsistence. They also
agreed to limit themselves to as small a consumption of bread as
their respective healths would permit, and to promote the use of
such substitutes for bread-corn as might appear most beneficial
to the public at large and to the poorer classes in particular.
This agreement was in accordance with the exhortation of a royal
proclamation issued on the 3rd of December.(2)

In December, another subscription for the relief of the poor in
Cambridge and the neighbourhood was commenced. It originated
at a meeting of the University, convened by Dr. Gretton the
Vicechancellor, at Magdalene Lodge. Upwards of £1,200. was
ultimately subscribed. The University contributed £50. ; the Earl
of Hardwicke, £50. ; the Duke of Rutland, £31. 10s. ; the Hon.
and Rev. James Yorke D.D. Bishop of Ely, £30; and the Right
Hon. Charles Yorke, one of the members for the county, £21.
Soup shops were established and provisions were retailed to ihe
poor at reduced prices. (S)

(1) An application ^vas made to the Court of Chancery to set aside this charter, but after
a hearing of three days, its validity was established on the 2yth of June, 1802. — Cambridg«
Chronicle, 3 July, 1802.

(2) Cambridge Chronicle, 13 Dec. 20 Dec. 1800.

(3) Ibid. 13 Dec. 1800, 19 May 1801, 23 J,in. 1802.

470

GEORGE THE THIRD.

[1801

1801.

Ou the 7th of March, the price of the quartern loaf wheaten
■was no less than Is. 9d.(i)

The population of Cambridge as ascertained by the Parliamen-
tary census taken this year was as follows : —

Inhabited

Houses.

Families.

Males.

Females.

Total

127

All Saints ....

131

289

415

704

168

St. Andrew the Great

229

481

601

1082

St. Andrew in Barnwel

I 79

165

252

110

St. Benedict . . .

127

288

362

650

117

St. Botolph . . .

142

279

366

645

109

St. Clement . , .

149

298

353

651

131

St. Edward . . .

160

276

389

665

194

St. Giles ....

240

420

496

916

140

St. Mary the Great

165

324

437

761

St. Mary the Less .

116

246

309

555

St. Michael . . .

133

177

310

St. Peter ....

102

194

198

392

104

Holy Sepulchre . .

110

208

271

479

185

Holy Trinity . . .

274

560

654

1214

The University .

803

811

1691

2078

4964

5123

10087

There were 42 uninhabited houses, 92 families chiefly employed
in agriculture, and 1368 in trade, manuftictures or handicraft.(2)

In this and several preceding years, many burglaries were com-
mitted in Cambridge. Most of the Colleges were robbed of plate
to a considerable amount. It was at length discovered that the
parties concerned in these robberies were Richard Kidman, a white-
smith, residing in Bell Lane, William Grimshaw, a chimney sweep,
who dwelt in a lone house near Christ's College pieces, and
Henry Cohen, a Jew, who disposed of the plunder. All these
parties were apprehended and tried at the Lent Assizes this year,
before Sir Nash Grose. Kidman pleaded guilty to two indict-
ments and received sentence of death, which was ultimately com-
muted to transportation for life. Grimshaw was convicted of a
burglary in the house of Alderman Butcher, and was executed at
the Castle, on the 28th of March. Cohen was arraigned for beins:

(1) Carabrid-c Chronicle, 8 March, 1801.

(2) Abstract of Population Returns uf 1801.

1801] GEORGE THE THIRD. 471

an accessary before the fact to a burglary in Cains College, but
being acquitted, was remanded till the Summer Assizes, when he
was tried on another indictment and again acquitted.(i)

The subscription for the relief of the poor, commenced at the
close of the preceding year, was continued till the month of
May, on account of the high price of food. The Committee ap-
pointed distributed at reduced prices 15,000 bushels of potatoes^
39,401 red herrings, 28,100 sprinkled herrings, 20,500 lbs. of cod,
3,652 lbs. of Scotch barley, 109 bushels of peas, 7,000 lbs. of
rice, and 87^ chaldrons of coals. (2)

On the 2nd of July, the royal assent was given to an act for
changing the scite of Downing College,(3) and to an act for extin-
guishing the rights of common and other rights in and over certain
lands called Saint Thomas's Leys otherwise Pembroke Leys, in the
several parishes of Saint Botolph, Saint Andrew the Great, Saint
Benedict, and Saint Mary the Less.(4) Downing College was sub-
sequently erected on Saint Thomas's Leys.

The Cambridgeshire yeomanry cavalry finding upon a muster that
their numbers were reduced from sixty-four to twenty-two, sus-
pended any further muster till their number was sufficiently in-
creased to render them of some utility in case their services were
called for. They however on the 30th of July, met at the Car-
dinal's Cap, and declared their desire to resume their duty when-
ever from an increase of numbers or any other means they found
themselves in a situation of being in any degree useful. Christopher
Jeaffreson was Commandant, Christopher Pemberton Lieutenant,
Frederick Thackeray Cornet, and Samuel Pickering Beales Quarter
Master.(5)

On the 3rd of October, intelligence was received here that the
preliminaries of peace with France had been signed. The bells
of Great St. Mary's rang throughout the day. The Cambridge
Loyal Association commanded by Major William Fisher, paraded
the town, sang " Rule Britannia," and *' God Save the King,"
drank in ale, " the King and Constitution," and in brandy, " His
Majesty's Ministers, with thanks for their bringing about the de-
sirable object of peace." This toast was received with enthusi*

(1) Cambridge Chronicle, 7 Feb. 25 March, 4 April, 25 July, 1801.

(2) Ibid. 19 May, 25 July, 1801.

(3) Stat. 41 Geo. III. c. 140, (local and personal).

(4) Stat. 41 Geo. III. c. 145, Uocal and personal).

(5) Cambridge Chronicle, 1 August, 1801.

472 GEOIiGE THE THIRD. [1802

astic joy by the multitude, and accompanied with " thrice three"
huzzas. tn the evening there was a general illumination. On
the 12th of October, there was another illumination to celebrate
the ratification of the peace. (i)

On the 27th of November, His Royal Highness Prince Adolphus
Frederick the King's seventh and youngest surviving son, (born
February 24, 1774), was created Duke of Cambridge.

By an act which received the royal assent on the 11th of De-
cember, it was enacted that from and after the disembodying the
militia, the number of private militia men to serve for the county
of Cambridge should be 361.(2)

1802.

On the 3rd of April, William Wright a native of Foxton, and John
Bullock the son of a person of property in Bedfordshire, were exe-
cuted at the Castle, for knowingly uttering forged Bank of England
notes.(3)

The death of James Warwood Adeane Esq. of Babraham, occasioned
a vacancy in the representation of the county, to supply which Sir
Henry Peyton Bart., and Lord Charles Somerset Manners offered
themselves as candidates. The former was returned after five day's
polling. At the close of the poll on the 9th of May, the numbers
were Peyton, 1592; Manners, 1500. The poll was taken at the
Castle.

On the 17th of May, peace was proclaimed by the mayor, alder-
men, common councilmen, and other members of the corporation, who
attended by a considerable number of inhabitants, rode round the
town preceded by a band of music and flags. The Mayor gave a
dinner in the Town Hall to upwards of 200, and in the evening
there was a general illumination.(4)

The University on the 17th of May, voted an address congra-
tulating his Majesty on the restoration of peace. This address
was presented at St. James's, on the 27th of May, by Dr. Proc-
ter Vicechancellor and a deputation from the Senate, accompanied
by the Duke of Rutland, the Earls of Euston and Clonmell, Lord
Primrose, the Bishops of Bath and Wells and Norwich.(5)

(1) Cambridge Chronicle, 10 Oct. 1" Oct. 1801.
<2) Stat. 42 Geo. III. c. 12, s.l.

(3) Cambridge Chronicle, 10 April, 1802.

(4) Corporation Cross Book, 244 ; Cambridge Chronicle, 22 May, 1802.

[b) London Gazette, 25 to 29 May, 1802; Cambridge Chronicle, 22 May, ."3 June, 1802.

1802] GEORGE THE THIRD. 473

On the 5th of June, a grace passed the Senate with three dis-
sentient voices only, authorising the Vicechancellor, the Regius Pro-
fessor of Divinity, the Norrisian Professor of Divinity, and the
Proctors to appoint nine Select Preachers, one for each month
from October to June inclusive, and restraining those whose turn
it Was to preach on the Sunday afternoons at Great St. Mary's
during those months, from appointing any other substitute than
the Select Preacher for the month. A proviso was added, that the
Select Preachers might change turns one with another.(i)

On the 22nd of June, the royal assent was given to an act to
enable certain mariners and soldiers to exercise trades in any part
of the kingdom. The act contains a proviso that it should not
in anywise be prejudicial to the privileges of the Universities of Cam-
bridge and Oxford, or either of them, or extend to give liberty to
any person to set up the trade of a vintner, or to sell any wine
or other liquors within the said Universities, without license first had
and obtained from the Vicechancellor of the same respectively.(2)

On the 22nd of June, the royal assent was given to an act for
enclosing the open and common fields, common meadows and other
open and commonable lands and waste grounds within the parish
of St. Giles. It contains provisions for deciding by an issue at law
conflicting claims to the ownership of the soil of the waste lands
by the Corporation of Cambridge, Merton College Oxford, Jesus
College, St. John's College, and Sir Charles Cotton Bart, and re-
quires the Commissioners to make allotments for public watering
places for cattle, for gravel and stone pits, and in lieu of great
and small tithes. There is a proviso for preserving the right of
Trinity College to an ancient watercourse used for conveying
water from certain springs in the parish into the conduit within
that college.^)

On the 1st of July, the Vicechancellor and Heads decided that
a Bachelor in Divinity was not eligible to the office of Taxor.C^)

The candidates for the county at the general election were the
Right Honourable Charles Philip Yorke,(5) Sir Henry Peyton Bart.

(1) Cambridge Chronicle, 17 July, 1802; Gunning, Ceremonies of the Univ. of Camb. 425.
In 1803, the number of Select Preachers -vvas appointed to be eight. They were to preach

not only on the Sunday afternoon (from the 10th of October to the end of June,) but also on
the afternoons of Christmas Day and Good Friday.— Cambridge Chronicle, 14 May, 1803.

(2) Stat. 42 Geo. III. c. 69, s. 4,

(3) Stat. 42 Geo. III. c. 108 (private).

(4) Gunning, Ceremonies of Univ. of Cambridge, 20 n.

(5) Eldest son of the Right Hon. Charles Yorke Lord Chancellor of Great Britain, by his
second mfe Agneta daughter and coheiress of Henry Johnson Esq. of Great Berkhamp-
stead. born 12th of March, 1764, educated at St. John's College, and created M.A. by royal
mandate 1783. In July, 1789, he was appointed Chief Justice of the Isle of Ely. In 1790j

VOL. IV. 3 o

474 GEORGE THE THIRD. [180^

Lord Charles Somerset Manners, and the Honourable Thomas
Brand(i) (now Lord Dacre). Sir Henry Peyton withdrew before
the election, and at the close of the poll, which took place on
Parker's Piece on the 12th and 13th of July, the numbers were
Manners, 1942; Yorke, 1436; Brand, 559. The number of free-
holders polled at this election was only 2622.

During the performances at the Theatre at Sturbridge Fair
on the 27th of September, a cry of fire arose in different
parts of the house which was exceedingly crowded. Although the
manager and performers assured the audience that the alarm was
without foundation, and tried every persuasion to obtain order, a
general rush took place. Several persons scrambled down or threvt
themselves from the upper boxes and gallery into the pit. Some
fell down the gallery stairs, and in the rush to get out, three
girls and a boy(2) were thrown down in the crowd and trampled
to death. Many other persons were violently bruised. It was
supposed that the cry was got up by parties whose object was
plunder. J. C. Hindes the manager, offered a reward of one hun-
dred guineas for the discovery of the m_iscreants, who however
escaped detection.

On the 18th of October, the first stone of a new county gaol was
laid in the Castle Yard,(3) The architect was Mr. Byfield,

1803.

On the 20th of January, was tried in the Court of King's Bencb,
at Guildhall, London, before Mr. Justice Lawrence and a special
jury, a feigned issue to determine the right of soil in the com-
mon and waste lands in the parish of St. Giles. (4) The plaintiffs

he was elected for the county of Cambridge in the room of his half brother, who suc-
ceeded to the Earldom of Hardwicke. In February, 1801, he was appointed Secretary at
War, which office he held till August, 1803, when he was appointed Secretary of State
for the Home Department, and held that office till May, 1804. In March, 1810, he
was appointed one of the Tellers of the Exchequer, and thereby vacated his seat for
Cambridgeshire. In May, 1810, he was appointed First Lord of the Admiralty and elected
M.P. for St. Germans, 'in June, 1812, he resigned his seat at the Board of Admiralty.
and at the general election in that year was chosen for Liskeard, which he represented
till 1818. He was appointed Lieutenant Colonel of the Cambridgeshire Militia in 1799, and
was afterwards Colonel, which situation he resigned in 1811. In April, 1811, certain free-
holders of Cambridgeshire presented Mr. Yorke with three pieces of plate which cost
£1618. as a testimony of their esteem for his private virtues and public conduct. He
married 1st July, 1790, Harriet the daughter of Charles Manningham Esq., but had no
issue by this lady who survived him. Mr. Yorke died 13th March, 1834.

(1) Son of Thomas Brand Esq. (sometime of Els^orth in this county, afterwards of the
Hoo, in Hertfordshire,) by Gertrude Bai-oness Dacre. In February, 1805, Mr. Brand was
an unsuccessful candidate for Hertfordshire, he polled 1076 votes, whilst his opponent
William Baker Esq. had 155C. In 1807, he was returned for that county, and in October,
1819, succeeded to the Barony of Dacre on the death of his mother.

(2) Rose Mason, (of Waterbeach) aged 24, John Smith, aged 14, Mary Freeman, aged 13'
and Esther Cook, aged 12.

(3) Cambridge Chronicle, 23 Oct. 1802.

(4) Vide ante, p. 47.".

l3lQ3] GEORGE THE THIRD. 4Y5

were the Corporation of Cambridge : the defendants Merton Col-
lege Oxford; Jesus College, and St. John's College, Cambridge;
and Sir Charles Cotton Bart.; but the defence was entirely con-
fined to the claim of Merton College. The counsel for the Cor-
poration were Mr. Erskine,(i) Mr. Gibbs,(2) Mr. Wood,(^) Mr. Wil-
son,(4) and Mr. Serjeant Bayley.(5) Mr. Garrow,(6) Mr. Dauncey,
Mr. Warren, and Mr. Puller appeared for the defendants. After
a lengthened investigation the jury returned a verdict in favour
of the Corporation.^)

On the 5th of March, the University voted an address congra-
tulating the King upon the detection and defeat of Colonel Des-
pard's conspiracy. It was presented at St. James's on the 16th,
by Dr. Sumner Vicechancellor and delegates from the Senate, ac-
companied by Lord Percy, Lord Clonmel, Lord John Fitzroy, Lord
Burghersh, Lord Primrose, Viscount Royston, Viscount Pollington,
Lord Henry Moore, and Lord Headly residents in the University;
the Earl of Euston M.P. for the University, the Earl of West-
moreland, Earl Spencer, Earl Camden, Lord Ellenborough, Lord
Alvanley, Lord Brownlow, Lord Ossulston, Lord Leslie, Viscount
Hinchinbrook, Lord St. Helens, the Bishops of Ely, Bath and Wells,
Chichester, Chester, Rochester and Bristol, Sir William Wynne, Hon.
Spencer Perceval Attorney General, Sir Thomas Manners Sutton
Solicitor General, Right Hon. Charles Yorke Secretary at War, Hon.
Lawrence Dundas, and about 200 other noblemen and gentlemen. (8)

On the 7th of March, the Corporation voted a congratulatory
address on the same occasion,(9) and a similar address was voted
at a county meeting held on the 25 ih of March. When this ad-
dress was presented the King knighted the sheriff, James Duberly
Esq., of Gains Hall, Huntingdonshire.li^^)

On the renewal of the war with France, Messrs. Robert and
I. L. Marsh and Sons of this place, the London, Cambridge and
Norwich carriers, offered to furnish Government in case of inva-

(1) Afterwards Lord Erskine Lord High Chancellor.

(2) Afterwards Sir Vicary Gibbs Chief Justice of the Common Pleas,

(3) Afterwards Sir George Wood Baron of the Exchequer.

(4) George Wilson Esq. who died 11th of .Tune, 1816. There are some p^rticulai-s of him
in the Life of Sir Samuel Romilly, 8rd edit. i. 331 n.

(5) Afterwards Sir John Bayley Bart, successively Justice of the King's Bench and Baron
of the Exchequer.

(6) Afterwards Sir William Garrow Baron of the Excliequer.

(7) Cambridge Chronicle, 26 Jan. 1803.

(8) London Gazette, 15 to 19 March, 1803; Cambridge Chronicle, 12 March, 1!) March, 2fi
March, 1803.

(9) London Gazette, 19 to 22 March, ISOS.
ilO) Cambridge Chronicle, 2 April, 1803.

476 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1803

sion, with one hundred horses, twelve broad wheel waggons with
twenty-four men to drive and guard the same, twenty-four flat-
bottomed boats with men and horses usually employed therewith,
four blacksmiths with travelling forge, two wheelwrights, and two
coUarmakers with their necessary appendages. The above to be
employed whenever there might be occasion for their services at
an hour's notice. The offer was accepted. (i)

On the 27th of July, a county meeting was held at the Shire
Hall, when an address was unanimously voted to the King, ex-
pressive of a determination to support him in the war with France.
On the same day, a general meeting of the Lieutenancy and Ma-
gistrates of the county was held at the Red Lion. There were
present thirty-four deputy lieutenants and sixteen other magistrates.
Sir Edward Nightingale Bart, took the chair, and Lieutenant-General
Sir James Craig K.B. Commander-in-Chief of the Eastern District,
and L. B. Moore Esq. Deputy Commissary General in charge of
the same district attended. Resolutions were passed, having for their
object the establishment of a system of communication throughout
the county, and the rendering the body of the people instrumental
in the general defence in case of an invasion. The county was
formed into seven divisions, for each of which a lieutenant was
appointed. The lieutenants with their divisions were as follow : —

Richard Greaves Townley Esq. Town of Cambridge, Hundreds of Ches-
terton, Northstow, and Pap worth.

Hale Wortham, Esq Hundreds of Armingford, Longstowe,

Wetherley, and Thriplow.

John Hall, Esq Hundreds of Chilford, Whittlesford, Staine,

and Fiendish, and First Half Hundred
of Radfield.

Richard Eaton jun. Esq. . . Hundred of Cheveley, Staplowe, and

Second Half Hundred of Radfield.

Thomas Page Esq Hundred of Ely, and South part of Hun-
dred of Witchford.

Robert Hardwicke Esq. . . . Hundred of Wisbech,

'WilHam Dunn(2) Esq. . . . North part of Hundred of Witchford,

Whittlesey, and Thorney.

The lieutenants of divisions were authorized to appoint inspectors
for their respective hundreds who were to name superintendents of
parishes.(3)

On the 29th of July, the Corporation voted an address to the

(1) Cambridge Chronicle, 30 July, 1803.

(2) May 1, 1804, he had the royal license to take and use the additional surname of
Gardner.

(3) Cambridge Chronicle, 30 July, 1803.

1803] GEORGE THE THIRD. 477

King, expressing their loyalty and zeal at what they termed " this
important and awful crisis." This address was presented by Lord
Charles Somerset Manners one of the members for the county and
recorder of the town.(i)

On the 9th of August, the University voted an address to the
King, expressive of zeal and readiness to forward the means best
calculated for defeating the menaces of an ambitious and in-
veterate foe. This address was presented at St. James's, on the
17th of August, by Dr. Sumner Vicechancellor, attended by dele-
gates from the Senate, and accompanied by the Right Hon. William
Pitt High Steward of the University, the Bishops of Norwich and
Rochester, Lords EUenborough, St. Helens, Castlereagh, and Headley,
the Right Hon. Charles Yorke Secretary of State, and about fifty
other members of the University .(2)

By the property tax act passed this year, the scite of any col-
lege or hall in any of the Universities of Great Britain, and all
offices, gardens, walks and grounds for recreation repaired and
maintained by the funds of such college or hall were exempted
from the tax on lands, &c., thereby imposed,(3) and by an assessed
tax act it was enacted that the duties on servants should not be
payable by any college or hall within either of the Universities
of Oxford or Cambridge for any butler, manciple, cook, gardener
or porter.(4)

On the 10th of August, a meeting of the inhabitants was held
at the Town Hall, John Cheetham Mortlock Esq. Mayor in the
chair. It was unanimously resolved to form a corps of cavalry
and also of infantry. At an adjourned meeting held on the 15th,
a subscription was entered into for providing uniforms and ac-
coutrements for such members of the volunteer infantry as might
require to be furnished therewith and for the support of the
families of such volunteers called into service as might need
assistance. Upwards of £2100. was ultimately subscribed, the
principal contributions being as follow : —

The University, £200.

John Cheetham Mortlock Esq. Mayor, John Mortlock Esq., Edward
Gillam Esq., Charles Finch Esq., Richard Foster Esq., Edward Lunn Esq.,

(1) London Gazette, 6 to 9 Aug. 1803. In the Gazette Lord C. S. Manners is erroneously
called " one of the Representatives in Parliament for the said Borough."

(2) Cambridge Chronicle, 13 Aug. 20 Aug. 3 Sept. 1803.

(3) Stat. 43 Geo, IIL c. 122, sched. (A). No. iv.

(4) Stat. 43 Geo. IH. c, 161, sched. (C) Exemptions.
The like clause is in the Stat. 4S Geo. III. c. 55.

478

GEORGE THE THIRD.

[18D3

Edward Ind Esq., Joseph Merrill Esq., each £105,, Messrs. Hovell, Staples,
and Eaden, £105.

King's College, £100.

William Ottley Esq., Richard Wallis Esq., John Haggerston Esq., Thomas
Fisher Esq., Thomas Whittred Esq., Rev. Charles Simeon M.A. each £52. 10s.,
Messrs. Gillam and Marshall, £52. lOs.(l)

The design of forming a corps of cavalry appears to have been
abandoned, but a corps of infantry consisting with officers,(2) of 450
men was soon raised and its services accepted by Government.
It was placed under the command of John Cheetham Mortlock
Esq. The Chesterton Volunteers (3) were afterwards incorporated
•jvith this regiment, as in 1805 were the Bassingbourn Volun-
teers,

In September, the lay members of the University formed a vol-
unteer corps, who were drilled by Captain S. Bircham of the 30th

(1) Cambridge Chronicle, 20 Aug-. 1803—26 Oct. 1804.

(2) The following list of Officers, though perhaps incomplete, is the most perfect I have
jaeen able to procure : —

Lieutenant Colonel Commandant.
1804. John Cheetham Mortlock.
Lieut. Colonels.

1803. John Cheetham Mortlock.

1804. John Forlow, vice Mortlock pro-

moted.
1S06. Thomas Mott, vice Forlovv deceased.
Majors,

1803. John Forlow.

i 804. RobertWhite.vice Forlow promoted.

1805. Thomas Mott, vice White resigned.

1806. King John Haggerston, vice Mott

promoted.
1808. Pearse White.

Captains.

1803. John Wright.
Richard Comings.
Robert While.
Thomas Mott.
King John Haggerston.
Pearse White.

1804. Thomas Case, vice Comings resigned.
iSOS. Thomas Tomson.vice Mott promoted.

Richard Brewin Coe.
1806. William Hiron, vice Haggerston pro-
moted.
J 808. John Deighton.
John Nicholson.

Lieutenants.
J 803. King John Haggerston.
Pearse White.
Elliot Smith.
Thomas Case.
Richard Foster jun.'
Richard Brewin Coe.
(3) The Officers of the Chesterton Volunteers appointed November, 1803, were :
Captain.— John Brigham Wiles.
Lieutenant. — Tiiomas Hancock Johnson,
Ensign. — John F^w.

1803. Thomas Tomson.
Chai'les Johnston.

Henry Balls, vice Haggerston pro-
moted.

William Hiron,vice White promoted.

1804. John Murray.
John Nicholson, vice Case promoted.
David Bradwell, vice Balls resigned.
John James, vice Charles Johnston.
Thomas Tomson.
Richard Beavan Turner, vice Coe

promoted.
C. Scott, vice Tomson promoted.
Matthew Burbage, vice Bradwell.
William Freeman Coe.
John Nicholson jun.

Ensigns.
William Hiron.
Charles Johnston.
John Deighton.
John NicTiolsba.
Henry Balls.

Field Dunn Barker, vice Balls pro-
moted.
John James, vice Hiron promoted.
John Murray.

Matthew Burbage, vice Nicholson.
William Freeman Coe, vice Barker

resigned.
John Nicholson jun., vice James,
John Claydon.
John Deighton jun.
Adjutants.
]8i)3. David Bradwell jun.
1804. Lieut. John Murray.

Quarter Master.
1803. John Claydon.

1805.

1803.

1804.

1808,

1903] GEOllGE THE THIRD. 47tj

foot.(i) The Heads and Tutors allowed one hour each day for
this purpose and permitted a suitable dress to be worn when oii
duty.(2)

On the 24th of September, a general meeting of the lieutenancy
and magistrates of the county was held at the Rose Inn, Benja-
min keene Esq. was in the chair, and thirty-one other deputy
lieutenants and magistrates were present. It appearing that in
order to suspend in this county the operation of the several acts
passed for the defence of the realm, the county must furnish 2886

(1) The number in each College who were drilled by Captain Bircham up to Christmas,
1803, was as under; —

St. John's 46

Trinity 44

Jesus 21

Caius , 1 y

Queens' 10

Clare Hall 8

Christ's 8

Sidney 6

Peterhouse 4

Emmanuel 4

Corpus 4

King-s 2

Pembroke 2

Catharine Hall 1

Magdalene 1

180

The names of some of the parties and lists of the Committee and Officers are subjoined .—
Trinity College : —

James Parke B. A. (now Baron of the Exchequer), Thomas Coltman B A. (now Justice
of the Common Pleas\ Richard Greaves Townley (now M. P. for Cambridgeshire), Wil-
liam Albin Garratt (now Q.C.)
St. John's College: —

Lord Palmerston, Sir Isaac Penningtoii, Henry Martin B.A. fellow,
Jejus College :—

William Otter M.A. fellow and tutor (afterwards Bishop of Chichester), Edward
Daniel Clarke M.A. fellow, Henry Tancred (now Q.C. and M.P. for Banbury).
Caius College:—

William Wilkins (afterwards R.A.), John Ayrton Paris (now President of the College
of Physicians).
Sidney College:—

George Butler M.A. fellow and tutor (how Dean of Peterborough).
Christ's College : —

Basil Montagu M.A. (now Q.C), John Kaye (now Bisiiop of Lincoln).
Committee
"William Johnson M.A. King's College.
Edward Daniel Clarke M.A. Jesus College.
George Frederick Tavel M.A. Trinity College.
Robert Wodehouse M.A. Caius College.
, John Browne M.A. Sidney College.

Officers.
Grenadier Company... { jXSiu"rc.?.'"''"' ^"^^^^ ^^"^^^

Second Division ) Edward Daniel Clarke M.A. Jesus College,

eecona division ...... | p^ederick Herbert Maberlcy, Trinity College'.

Tv,;,.,i ru,.j^i^., < Robert Wodehouse M.A. Caius College,

Third Division ^ j^^^p,^ p^^^„,^g 3^ Clare Hall. ^

■p,».,,tv, ^»!„^oJ,^« i Lord Palmerston, St. John's College,

Fourth Division j j^j^^ Bishopp. p;terhouse.

—Cambridge Chronicle, 25 Feb. 3 March, 1S04

(2) See Otter's Life of Clarke, ii. 210.

480 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1804

volunteers, and that the number of volunteers in the county whose
services had been accepted was 1564, it was resolved to raise the
required number of 1322 additional volunteers, and a committee
was appointed to settle and carry into execution a plan for raising
them. A subscription in aid was entered into and ultimately up-
wards of £4200. was collected. The principal contributions are
subjoined ; —

The University, £800.

The Earl of Hardwicke Lord Lieutenant of the County, £300.

King's College, £100., Right Hon. Charles Yorke M.P., Lord Charles
Somerset Manners M.P., Benjamin Keene Esq., Thomas Hall Esq., each
£100.

Thomas Panton Esq., of Newmarket, £63., Richard Greaves Townley Esq.,
£60.

Sir Charles Cotton Bart., John Peter Allix Esq., Rev. George Jenyns,
Marmaduke Dayrell Esq., Richard Eaton Esq., John Trotter Esq., Samuel
Knight Esq., George Nicholls Esq., John Westwood Esq., Charles Mad-
dryll Esq., Edward Weatherby Esq., Francis Pemberton Esq., Thomas Quin-
tin Esq., John Gardner Esq., Lord Francis Godolphin Osborne, Rev. James
Hicks of Wilbraham, Edward Green Esq. of Hinxton, Joseph Leeds Esq.
of Croxton, George Leeds Esq. of Croxton, Hon. Percy Wyndham of Ickle-
ton, each £50.(1)

On the 14th of October, a grace passed allowing the term to those
students of the University who were absent on military service»(2)

1804.

On the 27th of January, a grace passed allowing the term to such
students as were absent from the University on military service.(3)

On the 4th of March, the House of Lords dismissed an appeal by
William Richardson, John Richardson, and James Richardson, against
the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, complaining of an injunc-
tion awarded by the Court of Chancery restraining the appellants
from printing and publishing the Holy Bible, New Testament and
Book of Common Prayer, contrary to the rights and privileges of
the Universities. (*' The Richardsons had sold in London Bibles,
Testaments, and Common Prayer Books printed by the King's
Printers in Scotland. The King's Printers in England were made
defendants to the suit in Chancery.(5)

By the act for establishing and maintaining a permanent additional
force for the defence of the realm (which received the royal assent on

(1) Cambridge Chronicle, 1 Oct. 1803—4 Aug. 1804.

(2) Ibid. 22 Oct. 1803.

(3) Ibid. 4 Feb. 1804.

(4) Lords' Journals, xliv. IS, 47, 123,468,491,495,507,513,518,528.

(5) Veseyjun., Reports, vi. 689

1S04] GEOPvOE THE THIRD. 4gl

the 29th of JuneJ the quota of the County of Cambridge was fixed
at 641.(1)

The following duties were imposed by a stamp act, to which the
royal assent was given on the 28th of July : —

£. s. (f.

Matriculation in either of the two Universities in England . 0 10 0

Register of any Entry of any Degree taken in either of the two
Universities in England other than the Degree of Batchelor of
Arts G 0 0

Certificaie or Testimonial of any Degree taken in either of
the two Universities in England other than the Degree of Baichelor
of Arts 10 0 0

Certificate or Testimonial of the Degree of Batchelor of Arts
taken in either of the two Universities in pjngland .... 3 0 0

Amongst the special exemptions from the stamp duty on licenses
for retailing ale, beer or other exciseable liquors is the following : —
" For Licences granted to Persons duly licensed by the Chancellor
" or Vice-Chancellor of the two Universities in England, or by either
" of them for selling Wine. "(2)

In October, the King accepted Mr. Charles Humfrey's offer to
raise a volunteer corps, which was called The First Company of
Cambridge and Cambridgeshire Riflemen. (3)

The Reverend Claudius Buchanan Vice-President of the College of
Fort William, at Bengal, and formerly of Queens' College, this year
gave to the University £210. for the undermentioned prizes, of
which the first and second were open to the competition of
masters of arts, and the third and fourth to bachelors of arts and
undergraduates. 1st. £100. for the best English dissertation " On
the best means of civilizing the subjects of the British Empire in
India ; and of diffusing the light of the Christian religion through-
out the Eastern World."(4) 2nd. £60. for the best English poem
" On the restoration of Learning in the East. "(■'') 3rd. £25. for the
best Greek ode on the following subject, '* VeveffOu) tpojg," "Let there

(1) Stat. 41 Goo. III. c.5(i. s. !.

(2) Stat. 44 Geo. III. c. 98, sched. (A).

The above duties were repealed by 4b Geo. III. c. 1 19, which s\ibstituted other diitiri.

(3) Officers.
1804. Captain. — Chail<3s Mumfrey.

, 1S04. Lieutenants.— .lohu Merrington.
Henry Thurnall.

Arthur Deck, vice Thurnall resig'ned.
180,'j. Ivichiird Banks Harraden, vice Mcrrington resig'ned.

1806. Robert Headly.

(4) Awarded to William Cockburn M.A. fellow of St. .Tohn's College now Dean of York.

(5) Awarded to Charles Grant M.A, fellow of Maqdalene College now Lord Glenelg-,

VOL. JV. 3 P

4Sg GEORGE THE THIRD. [1805

be liglit."(i) 4th. £25. for the best Latin poem on the following
subject, " Collegium Bengalense."(2) Jn 1806, Mr. Buchanan offered
a prize of £500. to bachelors of law or physic, inceptcrs or masters
of arts or persons of superior degrees, for the best work in English
prose, embracing the following subjects, I. *' The probable Design of
" the Divine Providence in subjecting so large a portion of Asia to the
" British dominion. II. The Duty, the Means, and the Consequences
" of translating the Scriptures into the Oriental tongues ; and of pro-
" moting Christian Knowledge in Asia. III. A brief Historic View
" of the Progress of the Gospel in different Nations, since its first
" Promulgation; illustrated by Maps of its luminous Track throughout
" the World, with Chronological Notices of its Duration in particu-
" lar Places." In 1807, Mr. Buchanan gave sixty guineas for two
sermons before the University, on the subject of translating the
Scriptures into the Oriental languages, (3) and in 1809, he presented
to the University Library about eighty volumes of valuable Oriental
MSS. In the same year, he was created D.D. of this University.

1805.

In January, a Mohawk Chief, " Teyoninhokerawen" who travelled
under the assumed name of Norton, paid a visit to the University.(4)

On the 20th of February, being a general fast day, a sermon was
preached before the University at Great St. Mary's, by Henry Was-
tell M.A. fellow of Clare Hall and senior proctor, from Isaiah Iviii.
3.('^)

On the 10th of July, the royal assent was given to an act which
repealed so much of the 9 Geo. II. c. 36, s. 5,(G) as restrained col-
leges from purchasing or holding advowsons.(7) The repealing act

(1) Awarded to George Pryme B.A. of Trinity College now Professor of Political Economy
and late M.P. for the town of Cambridge.

(2) No prize awarded.

(3) The first sermon was preached at Great St. Clary's, on Sunday, 10 May, 1807, by
Francis Wrangham M.A. of Trinity College afterwards Archdeacon of Cleveland, from Acts
ii. 7, 8. The other in the same church on Sunday, 2H June, 1807, by John Dudley M.A.
formerly tutor of Clare Hall, from Acts xvii. 22, 23.

(4) Cambridge Chronicle, 2 Feb. 1805.

(6) Ibid. 23 Feb. 1805.
(f)) Vide ante, p. 223.

(7) On the third reading of this Bill in the House of Lords, 15 May, 1805, the following
Clause by way of rider was proposed to be added,

*• Provided nevertheless, That no College or House of Learning in either of the said
" Univei-sities, which doth now hold or enjoy the Advowson or Advowsons of any Eccle-
" siastical Benefice or Benefices, not being of the clear yearly value of two hundred
" and fifty pounds, shall be capable of purchasing any Advowson or Advowsons for
"valuable' consideration, to be paid or satisfied out of the Heal or Personal Estate or
" Property of any such College or House, until all and every such Benefice nnd Benefices
" as aforesaid, being: under such clear yearly value as aforesaid, shall have been augmented
*' and made of the clear yearly value aforesaid, and for this Purpose it shall and may
" be lawful for the Parson, Vicar, and Incumbent of every such Benefice to take and

1805] GEORGE THE THIRD. 433

states that the restriction referred to had been found by experience
to operate to the prejudice of the colleges by rendering the succes-
sion too slow, and that the removal of such restriction would be for
the benefit of the colleges and the Universities, and would tend to
the promotion of learning, and to the providing a better supply of
fit and competent parochial ministers. (U

On the 13th of October, died in his 71st year, Joseph Merrill
bookseller of this town. He bequeathed above £3000. to charita-
ble uses, viz. :— To Storey's Charity, £1657. (3 per cent, consols).
To Addenbrooke's Hospital for general uses, £203.; for iron pali-
sades in front, £300. To the Charity Schools, £200. To Hobson's
Charity for general uses, £400. ; for fencing and securing the water-
course, £300. To the University Library, the annual interest to be
laid out in the purchase of books, £200. To the poor of Great St.
Mary's, £80. To the poor of St. Michael's, £10.(2)

On the 7th of November, there was a general illumination on ac-
count of the battle of Trafalgar. The bells of Great St. Mary's rang
a dumb peal for Lord Nelson, (3)

On the 5th of December, being a general thanksgiving for the vic-
tory off Trafalgar, a sermon was preached before the University at
Great St. Mary's, by Edward Maltby(4) D.D. Vicar of Holbeach, Lin-
colnshire, and Buckden, Huntingdonshire, from Psalm Ix. 12, After
the sermon £144. 5s. was collected for the widows and children of
those who fell in the battles of the 21st of October and the 4th of
November. There were also like collections in the other churches.
The amount of all the collections was £299. 13^. Iff/. On the 16th
of December, the University voted £200. for the same purpose.(5)

" purchase to him, and liis Successors, Lands, Tenements, Eents, Tythes, or other Here-
" ditanients, Mithout any Licence of Mortmain,"

" Which being- objected to ;

" After Debate,

•' An Amendment was proposed to be made to the said Rider, in Line 5, by inserting-
" after (•' being") the words ("in or within Five Miles of either of the said Universities
" respectively").

•' The same was agreed to, and ordered accordingly.

" Tlien tlie question was put, ' Whether the said Ridci, thus amended, shall be added
" to the Bill.

" The Earl of Suffolk and Berkshire, and the Earl of Westmorland, were appointed to tell
" the number of the \'otes; and upon Report thereof to the House, it appeared that the
" Votes were equal (videlicet)

" Nine for the Rider as amended,
and

" Nine against it,

" Whereupon, according to the ancient Rule in Law, Semper prcasumitur pro Negante,

" It was determined in the Negative,"
—Lords' Journals, xlv. 181 b.

(1) Stat. 45, Geo. III. c. 101.

(2) Cambridge Chronicle, 19 Sept. 1805.

(3) Ibid, y Nov. 1805.

(-1) Now Bishop of Dnrhain.

'5) Canibridirr rhronic'.r, 7 li..i-. 11 Dr<-. '.'1 Pci-. ISO.'",,

484 GEOKGE THE THIRD. [1806

1806.

On the 9tli of January, being the day of Lord Nelson's funeral
the great bell of Great St. Mary's was rung for one hour in the
afternoon, and in the evening there was a dumb peal.CD

On the 25th of January, an address from the University (voted on
the 6th of December, 1805,) congratulating the King on the naval
victories of Viscount Nelson and Sir Richard Strachan, and deploring
the death of Lord Nelson, was presented by Dr. Turner Vicechan-
cellor, attended by a deputation from the Senate, and accompanied
by the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Duke of Rutland, the Bishop
of Exeter, Earls Westmoreland, Spencer, and Euston, Viscount Pal-
merston, Lords Boston, Ossulston, Henry Petty, and John Thynne,
Sir William Wynne, Hon. Spencer Perceval Attorney General and
others. A similar address (voted on the 21st of December, 1805,)
was also presented by the Corporation through the Secretary of
State.(2)

On the 5lh of Februar}^ Philip Earl of Hardwicke K.G.(3) was
unanimously elected High Steward of the University, in the room
of the Right Hon. William Pitt deceased.(4)

On the 7th of February, came on the election of a member of
parliament for the University, in the room of Mr. Pitt. The can-
didates were Lord Henry Petty(5) Chancellor of the Exchequer M.A.
of Trinity College, John Charles Viscount Althorp(6) M.A. of Trinity

(1) Cambridge Chronicle, 11 Jan. 1803.

(2) Ibid. 7 Dec, 1805, 1 Feb. 180C.

(o) Only son of the Right Hon. Charles Yorke, Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain,
by his first wife, Catharine daughter of the llev. Ur. William Freeman, Avas born Si May,
1757; educated at Queen's College, M.A. 1776. L.L.D. 1811. lie was elected one of the
Knights of the Shire for the County of Cambridge at the General Election in 1780, and
continued to represent the County till 1790, when he succeeded his uncle in the Eatl-
doir of Hardvvicke. and the Lord Lieutenancy of Cambridgeshire. In May, 1801, he was
appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, and so continued till January, 1806. In i803 he
-^^'as elected a Kni<;ht of the Garter. He married 24 July, 1782, the Lady Elizabeth Lind-
say, eldest daiighter of James Earl of Balcarras, by whom he had four sons and four
daughters ; two of his sons died in infancy. Of his other sons, Philip Viscount lloyston
was wrecked in the Baltic, 7th Ajiril, 1808, being in his 24th year; and Charles James
Viscount Royston died at Cambridge. 13th April, 1810, in his 13th year. The Earl of
Hardwicke died 18th November, 1835.

(4) Cambridge Chronicle, 8 Feb. 1806.

(5) Second son of William Marquess of Lansdownc (better known as Karl of Shelburne).
Lord Henry Petty was Chancellor of the Exchequer from February, 1806, to March, 1807,
in 180'J he succeeded to the title of Marquess of Lansdowne, on the death of his elder
brother. In August. 1827, he was appointed Secretary of .State for the Home Department,
which office he' held till January, 1828. He was Lord President of the Council from
November. 1830, to December, 1834, and from April, 1835, to September, 1841, and now
holds that office, having been re-appointed in July, 1846.

(6) Eldest son of George John second Earl Speneer, by Lavinia his Countess, born 30
May, 1782. In or about 1804 he was returned to Parliament for Okehampton. In 1806
he was madp a Lord of the Treasury, and Avas retuined for Northamptonshire, the num-
bers being Viscount Althorp, 2085; William Ralph Cartwright, Esq. 1990: Sir William
Langham,''Bart. 1381. In 1807 he was again elected for Okehampton. He afterwards
represented Northamptonshire, being returned at the General Election in 1830, aft^r a
severe contest of 15 days' duration (the numbers at the close of the poll being Viscount
Althorn, •,'1G2; Viscount Milton, 211:!; W. K. Cartwright, Esq. 1195; Sir Chas, KnJghtley,

1806] GEORGE THE THIRD. 485

College, and John Henry Viscount Palmerstoa M.A. of St. John's
College.(U The votes were Petty, 331; Althorp, 145; Palmerston
128.(2)

On the 21st of March, a grace was offered to the Senate for
appointing a syndicate to consider of some mark of respect to the
memory of the Right Hon. William Pitt. It was rejected by a
single dissentient voice in the Caput. On the 24th of March, a
meeting of the members of the Senate was held at Trinity Col-
lege Lodge, when it was resolved to erect a statue of Mr. Pitt
by subscription. Upwards of £7400. was accordingly subscribed,
the principal contributions being as follow : —

The Earl of Hardwicke (Queen's), High Steward of the University, £200.

The Earl of Aberdeen ( Joh.), £105.

Dr. Sutton Archbishop of Canterbury, Lord Harrowby (Joh.), Lord Rolle
(Eman.), Marquess Abercorn (Pemb.), each £100.

A. Upcher (Joh.), Earl of Altamont, Hon. Spencer Perceval (Trin,), Earl of
Euston (Trin.), William Wilberforce, Esq. M.P., Duke of Montrose (Trin.),
Earl Camden (Trin.), Dr. Toraline Bishop of Lincoln, Dr. Porteus Bishop of
London, Lord St. Asaph, Viscount Palmerston (Joh.), Earl of Clonmell(Trin.)

Bart. 1243). In November, IS'iO, lie was appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer, which
office he held till November, 1831, when he succeeded his father as Earl Spencer. After
th« passing of the Reform Act he sat in Parliament for the Southern Division of North-
amptonshire. He died 1 Oct. 18i5.

(1) Lord Palmerston was educated at St. John's College. M.A. 180G. In 1807 he was re-
turned to Parliament for Newport, in the Isle of W'ight, and was appointed a Lord of
the Admiralty. In 1811 he was returned for this University, which he represented
till the General Election in 1831. He then sat for JJletchingley, and in 1832 was re-
turned for South Hampshire. He lost his election for that county in 183.5, and was
then returned for Tiverton, which place he now represents. He was Secretary at
AVar from October, 1809, to May. 1828. On the 8th of April, 1818, one Lieut. Davis,
an insane person, shot at and slightly wounded Loid Palmerston. Lord Palmerston was
Secretary of State for the Foreign Department from November. 1830. till December. 1834,
and from April, 1835. to September, 1841, and now holds that office, having been re-
appointed in July, 18^6.

(2) Analysis of the Poll.

.VOTEKS. I*- A. r.

19 Peterhouse 15 3 1

17 Clare Hail 5 7 5

22 Pembroke Hall 12 r) 5

21 Caius College 12 4 5

11 TrinityHail 5 3 «

13 Corpus Christi College 5 4 4

S3 King's College 19 10 4

18 Queen's College 10 3 5

8 Catharine Hall 5 1 2

27 Jesus College I'J 6 2

27 Christ's College 19 8 0

137 St. John's College 48 17 72

17 Magdalene College 8 5 4

IHG Trinity College 113 49 4

48 Emmanuel College 25 IG 7

J8 Sidney College 10 4 4

7 Commorantes in Vill4 4 1 2

"fiog" 334 14(5 129

iiiiiii Objected Votes 3 I l

Allowed Votes 331 !45 128

486 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1807

Viscount Lowther (Trin.), Lord Castlereagh (Joh.), Marquess Huntley (Joh.)
Lord Berwick (Jes.), Hon. W. Hill (Jes), each £52. 10s. Od.

Lord Headley (Trin.), G. Allan (Trin. H.), Earl of Westmoreland (Eman.),
Earl of Northampton (Trin.). R. F. Wilson (Trin.), Viscount Royston (Joh.),
Lord De Dunstanville (King's), R. Halford (Joh.), Lord Arden (Trin.), Duke
of Rutland (Trin.), each £50.(1)

One half only of the subscriptions was required.(2) Four models
■were made, two by Bacon, one by Nollekens, and one by Garard.(3)
That of Nollekens was preferred. It was executed in marble and
placed in the Senate House in June, 1812. The sculptor received
3000 guineas for the statue.(4)

The property tax act which received the royal assent on the
13th of June, empowers the Commissioners to deduct from the
duties on lands, &c., the duties on the public buildings and offices
of any college or hall in any of the Universities, and for the re-
pairs of the public buildings and offices of such college or hall,
and the gardens, walks, and grounds for recreation, repaired and
maintained by the funds of such coliege or hall, and exempts from
the duty on funded property, stocks and dividends applicable to
the repair of any college.(5)

At a public meeting of the inhabitants held at the Town Hall,
on the 16th of June, it was resolved to oppose a bill then pend-
ing in the House of Commons for enclosing lands in the parish
of Saint Andrew the Less. (6) Petitions against this bill were also
presented by the Corporation, and on the 14th of July, the bill
was lost in committee, on a formal objection taken by the counsel
for the Corporation. (")

1807.

On the 21st of March, the University voted a petition to the
House of Commons against the bill for relief of the Roman Ca-
tholics. This petition was presented on the 23rd, by the Earl of
Euston M.P. for the University.(8)

On the 8th of April, the Senate voted an address thanking the
King for his firmness in supporting the Protestant religion. This
address was presented at the Queen's Palace, on the 15th of April,
by Dr. Pearce Vicechancellor, and a deputation from the Senate,

(1) Cambridge Chronicle, 22 March— 14 June, 1806.

(2) lbid.l9Dec. 1807, 21 April, 1812.

(3) Ibid. llJuly, 1807.

(4) Cunning-ham, Lives of British Painters, &c. iii. 170, 173, 174.

(5) Stat. 4G Geo. III. c. 65. There are similar clauses in the Stat. 5 & G Vict. c. 35.

(6) Cambridge Chronicle, 21 June, 1806.

(7) Corporation Common Day Book, 31 Way, I i June, 30 Juno, IT July, IG Atijust, 1)506.

(8) Cambridge Chronicle, 2S March, 1307.

1807] GEOllGE THE THIRD. 487

accompanied by His Higliness the Duke of Gloucester, the Earl
Euston, and Lord Henry Petty the representatives in Parliament of
the University, the Marquess of Huntley, Viscount Castlereagh, Lord
Manners, the Hon. Spencer Perceval, and others.(i)

A bill for enclosing certain lands in the parish of St. Andrew
the Less, was introduced into the House of Commons and carried
by forty-eight against thirty-one. It was opposed by the Univer-
sity, but several resident members of that body and many inhabi-
tants of the town presented a petition in favour of the bill, which
was however put an end to by the dissolution of Parliament.(2)

At the election of members of Parliament for the University,
which took place on the 8th of May, the candidates were George
Henry Earl of Euston M.A. of Trinity College, Sir Vicary Gibbs(3)
Knight Attorney General M.A. of King's College, John Henry
Viscount Palmerston M.A. of St. John's College, and Lord Henry
Petty M.A. of Trinity College. The votes were Euston, 324; Gibbs
312; Palmerston, 310; Petty, 265.(4)

On the 8th of May, the Corporation voted an address to the King
offering the humble tribute of their grateful admiration for his firm
dignified and conscientious adherence to the sacred obligations of his
coronation oath. This address was transmitted by the Mayor to
Lord Hawkesbury by whom it was presented.('J)

(1) London Gazette, 14 to IS April, 1807.

(2) Cambridge Chronicle, 2 May, 1807.

(3) Sir Vicary Gibbs, a native of Exeter, was fellow of King's College, B.A. 1775, M.A.
1778. He was called to the Bar, and greatly distinguished himself by his defence of the
persons accused of High Treason in 1794, in which year he was appointed King's
Counsel. In 1795 he Avas elected Recorder of Bristol, and appointed Solicitor General to
the Prince of Wales. In 1805 he was appointed Solicitor General, and in March, 1807,
Attorney General. In May, 1812, he was constituted a Justice of the Common Pleas;
in 1813, Chief Baron of tlie Exchequer; and in February, 1814, Chief Justice of the
Common Pleas, which office he resigned in November, 18)8. He died Sth Feb. 1820, in
his 65th year.

(4) Analysis of the PoLr,.

VOTERS. E- G. • PA. PE.

iO Peterhouse 15 4 4 12

21 Clare Hall U 8 13 9

23 Pembroke Hall 13 13 11 8

25 Caius College 14 10 11 12

12 Trinity Hall 1 II 10 I

13 Corpus Christi College 7 8 8 3

38 King's College 13 2!) 16 13

24 Queen's College 10 17 15 G

10 Catharine Hall « 5 4 4

23 Jesus College 12 12 10 11

29 Christ's College 1« 12 11 18

155 St. John's College <17 91 116 36

17 Magdalene College 9 8 8 9

l.)4 Trinity College 115 48 40 97

44 Emmanuel College 24 24 22 IC,

16 Sidney College 8 8 8 7

7 Commorantes in Villa 3 4 3 3

631 •■i24 312 310 265

(5) London Gaztttte, 2G to 30 May, ISO/.

488 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1807

On the ISth of May, the first stone of Downing College was
laid by Dr. Annesley the Master, attended by the University, who
went in procession from the Senate House, having previously at-
tended Great St. ISIary's, where a sermon was preached by Dr.
Outram the Public Orator. The Earl of Hardwicke High Steward
of the Unversity was present on the occasion, and afterwards dined
with the members of the College, who also entertained the Heads
of Houses, Noblemen, Professors, Doctors, and University Officers. (•)

On the 14th of August the royal assent was given to an Act for
inclosing Lands in the parish of St. Andrew the Less, otherwise
called Barnwell, and other Lands intermixed therewith, in the pa-
rishes of St. Andrew the Great, St. Mafy the Great, and St. Mary
the Less. The ownership of the soil of the waste lands, commons,
and common balks, was claimed by Thomas Panton Esq. and the Cor-
poration of Cambridge. 'J'he great tithes belonged to Mr. Panton,
Jesus College, Corpus Christi College, Peterhouse, the Rector of
St. Botolph and the Vicar of St. Andrew the Great. All the small
tithes belonged to Mr. Panton. There are enactments that Mr.
Panton should try his claim to the right of soil in a feigned issue
against the Corporation within a given time, or that his claim should
be barred. He did not try this issue, and an allotment in respect
of the right of soil Was consequently made to the Corporation.
The Act also requires allotments to be made for public stone,
gravel, and clay pits, in lieu of all the great and small tithes (ex-
cept those belonging to Jesus College, which were to remain), and
for a common pastufe for the owners or proprietors of messuages
or cottages within the several parishes of St. Mary the Great, St.
Mary the Less, St. Botolph, St. Andrew the Great, St. Benedict,
St. Edward, St. Michael, St. Sepulchre, St. Clement, All Saints, and
Trinity. There are also clauses foi* protecting the channel or water-
course running from the Nine Wells in Shelford to the town of
Cambridge, and preserving the rights of the Lord of the Manor of
Trumpington de la Pole in Trumpington, and of Emmanuel and
Christ's Colleges; as also the rights of Sturbridge and Midsummer
fairs. (2) The Commissioners' award bears date the 20th April, 1811,
and states the total quantity of land within the limits of the Act(S) to
be 1156a. 2r. 24p. The principal fields enclosed went by the names
of Bradmoor Field, Middle Field, Ford Field, and Sturbridge Field.

(1) Cambridge Chronicle, 23 May, 1807.

(2) Stat. 47 Geo. III. sos.s. 2, c. 6i) ^imprinted local and personal),

{'■i) Parker's Piece, Jesus Green, Midsummer Common, Butt Green, Sturbridge Fair
Green, Coldhani's Common, and other lands were expressly excepted from the Act.

1808] GEORGE THE THIRD. 489

In November, a young salmon was caught in the Cam, near Jesus
Green sluice. It is said to have been the first ever caught so high
up the river.(0

On the 23rd of November, the Court of King's Bench veas moved
to award a mandamus to the Bishop of Ely, as Visitor of St.
John's College, to hear and decide upon the claim of the Rev*
William Wood to the sinecure rectory of Aberdaron, in Caernar-
vonshire ; but it appearing that the Bishop had given his opinion
in favour of the Rev, Herbert Marsh,(2) the Court refused the ap-
plication's)

1808,

On the 18th of February, Mr. Lancaster gave a lecture on the
education of the poor at the Town Hall, and shortly afterwards a
school was established here on the plan of Dr, Bell with Mr, Lan-
caster's improvements. Amongst the original promoters were James
Henry Monk Esq, (now Bishop of Gloucester and Bristol;, Rev,
Henry Pepys M,A. (now Bishop of Worcester), and Jonathan Fre-
derick Pollock Esq. (now Chief Baron of the Exchequer.)(4)

About this time, as it seems, the County Magistrates sold part
of the materials of the Castle. (5)

The Stamp Act, which received the royal assent on the 2d of
July, imposed the following duties : —
Admission or Matriculation of any person in either of the Uni- £. s. d.

versities in England ^ 0 10 0

Admission of any person to the Degree of a Bachelor of Arts, in
cither of the Universities in England, for the register or entry
thereof —

If conferred in the ordinary course of the University ,.300
If conferred by special Grace, or Royal Mandate, or by
reason of Nobility, or otherwise out of the ordinary

course. • 5 00

Admission of any person to any other Degree in either of the
Universities in England, for the register or entry thereof —

If conferred in the ordinary course of the University ..600
If conferred by special Grace, or Royal Mandate, or by
reason of Nobility, or otherwise out of the ordinary
course, conferring any Right of Election in such
University • .10 0 0

<1) Cambridge Chronicle, If Nov. 1807.

(2) Afterwards Bishop of rettrborougli.

(3) Cambridge Chronicle, 28 Nov. 1807.

(4) fbid. 27 Feb, 12 March, ^ April, ISOR.

(5) Ibid. 18 June, 1808.

VOL. IV. 3 y

4^ GEORGE THE THIRD. [TS09

Testimonial or Certificate of the Admission of any person to the
Degree of a Bachelor of Arts, in either of the Universities in

England ...-.• • . S 00

Testimonial or Certificate of the Admission of any person to any
other Degree, in either of the said Universities 10 0 0(l>

This year, the Cambridge Volunteers and the Rifle Corps under the
command of Charles Humfrey Esq. tran&feri-ed their services to the
Local Militia.

On the 19th of September, a new Theatre, situate in that part
of Barnwell which is in the parish of St. Benedict, was opened.
The old Theatre, at Sturbridge fair, was pulled down, in 1806, in
consequence of the prevalence of an unfounded idea that it was
unsafe. (2)

On the 5th of October, the mortal remains of Richard Person
M.A. Regius Professor of Greek, were brought from London to
Trinity College. The body lay in state in the Hall for above two
hours, and was then carried round the Great Court to the Chapel,
attended by Dr. Mansel Bishop of Bristol Master of the College,
the Fellows, Bachelors of Arts, and Scholars of the College, other
members of the University and the Choir. Greek and English
verses were, according to ancient usage, placed upon the pall.
After appropriate anthems, the funeral service was read by the
Bishop of Bristol, in a most dignified and impressive manner, and
the body was deposited in the grave at the foot of the statue of Sir
Isaac Newton.O)

On the 15 th of December, a Grace passed conferring the title of
Professor of Mineralogy on the Rev. Edward Daniel Clarke LL.D.
of Jesus College.(0 It was carried unanimously in the Non-Regent
House, and by 38 against 7 in the Regent House.CS)

1809.
An Act, which passed on the 15th of June, empowered persons who
had been apprenticed to any branch of the woollen manufacture, to
set up and exercise any trade in any town or place; it was however
provided, that such act should not be prejudicial to the privileges of
the Universities of Cambridge and Oxford, or either of them, or extend
to give liberty to any person to set up the trade of a vintner, or to
sell any wine or other liquors within such Universities, without licence

(1) Stat. 48 Geo. III. c. 149, altered by Stat. 55 Geo. III. c. 184.

(2) Cambridge Chronicle, 13 Sept. 180C; 19 Sept. 1807; 10 Sept. 1808.

(3) Ibid, 8 Oct. 1808.

(4) Gunning, Ceremonies of Univ. of Camb. 263.

(5) Otter, Life of Clarke, ii. 235.

1809] GEORGE THE THIRD. 491

lirst had and obtained from the Vicechancellor of the same respec-
tively.<J)

The 25th of October, was observed as a jubilee to celebrate the King's
entering the 50th year of his reign. In the morning there was divine
service in all the Churches, that at Great St. Mary's being attended
by the North Lincoln Militia, who arrived in the town the day pre-
ceding. In the afternoon they fired three vollies in the great court of
Trinity College, the band playing " God save the King " between each
volley, and all joining in three cheers. The men were regaled with ale,
and the officers afterward-s dined with the members of the College.
The Earl of Hardwicke and the gentlemen of the county dined together
at the Rose Tavern. There were public dinners in all the college halls,
and the Corporation had a dinner at the Town Hall. The colleges also
gave entertainments to the poor of the several parishes, and to their
servants ; Emmanuel College entertained 200 inhabitants of Great St*
Andrew's parish in the college cloister, and 200 boys of the Lancas-
teriau School were regaled with beef and pudding n their school room.
In the evening the North Lincoln Militia band paraded the streets
playing loyal tunes— the populace singing " God save the King,"
" Rule JBritannia," &c., and testifying their joy by frequent cheers.(2)

An Address from the Corporation, cangratulating the King on his
commencing the 50th year of his reign, was transmitted by the Puke
of Rutland to the Earl of Liverpool, by whom it was presented.(3)

On the 1st of November, an Address from the University, con-
gratulating his Majesty on the fiftieth anniversary of his accession to
the throne, was presented at the Queen's Palace by Dr. Pearson
yicechancellor, and other delegates. " There was a numerous at-
" tendance of the Members of the University ; amongst whom were
" his Grace the Archbishop of Canterbury, Earl Camden, Earl of
" Dumfries, Earl of Harrowby, Bishops of Salisbury and of Bristol,
" Lord Vicount Palmerston, Right Hon. Spencer Perceval, Sir Vicary
" Gibbs, Knight ; Right Hon. Richard Ryder, Right Hon. Robert
" Dundas Saunders, Right Hon. Manners Sutton, Right Hon. Sir
" William Wynne Master of Trinity Hall. His Majesty received them
" in the most gracious manner, and the Delegates had the honour
" to kiss his Majesty's hand."(*)

On the 10th of November, came on the election of Public Orator,
in the room of Dr. Edmund Outram, who resigned that ofSce on hi^

(1) Stat. 49 Geo. III. c. 109, £. S.

(2) Cambridge Chronicle, 28 Oct. 1809.

(3) London Ga/.ette, 24 to 28 Oct. 1809.
<4) Ibid .-Jl Oct. to 4 Nov. 1809.

492 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1810

being appointed Canon Residentary of Lichfield ; the candidates were
Ralph Tatham M. A. fellow of St. John's College/') and Robert Walpole
M.A. of Trinity College. The votes were Tatham, 152 ; Walpole, 132.

On the 22nd of November, was the election of Registrary of the
University in the room of George Borlase B.D. deceased. The
candidates were William Augustus Pemberton B.D. fellow of Em-
manuel College, and Rev. Thomas Kerrich M.A. of Magdalene CoU
lege, Principal Librarian of the University. The votes were, Pem-
berton, 171 ; Kerrich, 55.

On the 4th of December, died Jonathan Davies D.D. Provost of
Eton. By his will he bequeathed £1,000 for founding a Classical
Scholarship in the University,(2) and £2,000 to King's College, in
augmentation of a fund for the purchase of advowsons.

1810.

An action for slander having been brought in the King's Bench
by Thomas Browne D.D. Master of Christ's College,(3) against George
Cecil Renouard M.A. fellow of Sidney College, Dr. Milner the
Vicechancellor, claimed conusance of the case, and his claim was
allowed on the 25th of January, although it was objected, 1st,
that the claim was stated on the roll to be made by the attorney
of the Vicechancellor, when the power which constituted the person
attorney, was executed by the Vicechancellor, as Vicechancellor and
deputy of the Chancellor, Masters, and Scholars, and therefore that
the claim ought to have been made by the attorney in their names :
2ndly, that the claim was preferred too early, upon the mere is-
suing of the writ of latitat, before declaration, so that it did not
appear that the cause of action arose within the town and sub-
urbs of Cambridge; and that it was not sufficient to supply that

(1) Now Master of that Society.

(2) Gunning, Ceremonies of University of Cambridg-e, 345.

(3) Dr. Browne greatly complained of not being' elected Vicechancellor in November,
1809, and the alleged slander had some connection with the election in question, which also
gave rise to the following publications : —

1. — An Examination of the Calumnies which have been assigned as reasons for the op-
position to Dr. Browne's election into the office of Vicechancellor, which took
place on the 4th of November, 1809, with some Observations upon other circum-
stances which have followed, and with which that opposition appears to have a
close connection. By the Master of Christ College —Cambridge. Svo. 1810.

2. — Very Concise Remarks on Dr. Browne's Pamphlet. By Isaac Milner D.D. — Cam-
bridge. Svo.

3.— A Plain Statement of Facts, addressed to the Members of the Senate, in reply to a
pamphlet by the Master of Christ College, entitled An Examination of Calumniea,
&c. By J. Proctor D.D. Master of Catharine Hall.— Cambridge. Svo. 1810.

4. — Remarks on two pamphlets lately published at Cambridge, the first entitled Au
Examination of Calumnies, &c. by the Master of Christ College; the second en-
titled A Plain Statement of Facts, "by the Master of Catharine Hall. In two parts.
By A Member of the Senate.— London. Svo. 1811. '

Dr. Browne was ejected from the Mastership of Christ's Cqllege, by the Visitors, 25th
August, 1814.

1810] GEORGE THE THIRD. 493

fact by affidavit : Srdly, that if the claim might be preferred upon
the latitat before declaration, then it ought to have been preferred
in the first instance after the return of the latitat, namely, upon
the day of appearance : 4thly, that it appeared by the roll on
which the power of attorney and claim were entered, that the claim
was made on the return-day of the writ, before the power of at-
torney was executed : 5thly, that taking the letter missive and
significatory of the Vicechancellor to be the original and proper
claim, it was defective in not alleging that the cause of action arose
within the jurisdiction; and that this could not be supplied by the
formal entry of the claim *n the roll made by the officer of the
court, in which that averment was supplied from the affidavit. The
Vicechancellor appointed the 14th of February for proceeding with
the cause, when Dr. Browne the plaintiff not appearing, the case
was dismissed.! U

The Right Hon. Charles Philip Yorke vacated his seat for the
county by the acceptance of the office of Teller of the Exchequer.
He offered himself for re-election, but was opposed(2) by Lord
Francis Godolphin Osborne.(3) The nomination of candidates took
place on the Market Hill, on the 13th of March, when the shew of
hands was decidedly in favour of Lord F. G. Osborne. The same
day Mr. Yorke declined, and on the 16th of March Lord F. G.
Osborne was elected .(4)

The Baker's Act passed on the 9th of June, contains a proviso
in favour of the rights and customs of the Universities of Oxford
and Cambridge. (5)

In or about July this year, William Bell D.D. Prebendary of West-
minster, and late Fellow of Magdalene College,(5) transferred to the

(1) East's Reports, xii. 12; Milner's Life of Dean Milner, 383—421.

(2) The Hon. Peter Robert Drummond Burrell (now Lord Willoughby d'Eresby) was a
candidate, but waived his pretensions in favour of Lord F. G. Osborne. '

(3) Son of Francis Godolphin, fifth Duke of Leeds. His Lordship, who was born iStli
Oct. 1777, was returned to the House of Commons for Helstoue, in Cornwall, 1798, and sat
for that place till the General Election in 1802, when he was elected for Lewes (the votes
being-— Osborne, 211 ; Henry Shelley Esq. 179 ; Thomas Kemp Esq. 173). At the dissolu-
tion in 1806 he retired from Parliament until his election for Cambridgeshire, which county
iie continued to represent till 1831, when he Avas created Lord Godolphin. In 1836 he was
elected High Steward of the Town.

(4) Cambridge Chronicle, 9 March, 16 March, 23 March, 1810; Cobbett's Political Re-
gister, xvii. 497.

(5) Stat. 50 Geo. III. c. 73, s. 4.

(6) William Bell was Eighth Wrangler, 1753; Member's Prizeman, 1755; M.A. 1756,'
D.D. by royal mandate, 1767. He became domestic chaiilain to the Princess Amelia (aunt
to George HI.), through whose interest he obtained a prebendal stall at M'estminster, in 1765.
He acquired several other preferments ; and made himself known to the public by various
publications. Tliat for which he was principally distinguished was " An attempt to
ascertain and illustrate the Authority, Nature, and Design of the Institution of Christ,
commonly called the Lord's Supper," 1780, 8vo. In this work he chiefly adopted the
opinions of Hoadley on this sacrament; and it produced a letter addressed to him by Dr.
Bagot. Dr. Bell followed up the subject by " An En<iuiry, wliether any doctrine relating
to the nature and effects of the Lord's Supper can be justly founded on the doctrine of our
Lord recorded in the 6th chapter of the Gospel of St. John," 1790. In 1787 he was the

494

GEORGE THE THIRD.

[1811

University £15,200 £3 per cent. Consols, for the foundation of eight
University scholarships for the sons of clergymen.(l)

On the 2ith of October, the Senate proceeded to elect a Rector
of Ovington, in Norfolk. The candidates were Edward Symonds
M.A. fellow of St. John's College; Charles James Blomfield, B.A.
fellow of Trinity College, (now Bishop of London) ; and Samuel
Lowe M.A. formerly fellow of Magdalene College. The votes were
Symonds, 172; Blomfield, 148; Lowe, 97.

On the 11th of November, John Smith was elected University
Printer, by 122 votes. The other candidate, Henry Bryer of Lon-
don, polled 25 votes only.

1811.

On the 31st of January, was an election by the Senate to the
vicarage of Kingerly, in the county of Lincoln, (in the patronage
of a Roman Catholic). The candidates were Joseph Stockdale
M.A. of Corpus Christi College, who polled 91 votes, and John
Hewett M.A. of Clare Hall, who had 42 votes.

The Parliamentary Census of this year shews the population of
Cambridge to have been as under; —
Inhabited

Houses.

Families.

Males.

Females.

Total.

132

All Saints ....

148

311

440

751

238

St. Andrew the Great

270

490

684

1174

St. Andrew the Less

102

194

217

411

142

St. Benedict . . .

142

316

405

721

128

St. Botolph . . .

152

274

399

673

130

St. Clement . . .

167

304

371

675

135

St. Edward . . .

155

268

398

666

233

St. Giles ....

237

515

621

1136

137

St. Mary the Great

. 179

353

471

824

121

St. Mary the Less .

141

283

388

671

St. Michael . . .

124

164

288

St. Peter ....

170

218

268

486

109

Holy Sepulchre . .

120

270

289

559

241

Holy Trinity . . .

. 277

554

705

1259

The University .

814

1991

2324

5288

5820

11108

Sixteen houses were building, 26 were uninhabited, 80 families were
chiefly employed in agriculture, and 1600 in trade, manufactures, and
handicraft.(2)

editor of a curious tract by Dr. Courayer, entitled " Declaration de mes derniers sentimens
sur les differens dogmes de la Religion." the manuscript of wtiicli had been given by the
writer himself to the Princess Amelia, who left it to Dr. Hell. A translation of this work
was published by Dr. Calder. Dr. Bell died 29 Sept,ember, iSlli, in the 8oth year of l)is
age. — Annual Register, for 3 816.

(1) Milner, Life of Dean Milner, 391.

(•i) Abstract of Population Returns of Ull.

1811] GEORGE THE THIRD. 495

On the 27tli of March, came ou the election of Chancellor of the
University, in the room of the Duke of Grafton deceased. The
candidates were William Frederick Duke of Gloucester K.G.,(') and
John Henry Duke of Rutland K.G. both of Trinity College.(2)
The poll commenced at ten in the morning, and closed at midnight,
when the numbers were, for the Duke of Gloucester, 468; for the
Duke of Rutland, 351.

On the 28th of March, was an election, to supply the vacancy in
the parliamentary representation of the University, occasioned by
the Earl of Euston's succeeding to the peerage as Duke of Grafton.
The candidates were, Vicount Palmerston M.A. of St. John's Col-
lege, and John Henry Smyth, Esq. M.A. of Trinity College. The
votes were, Palmerston, 451 ; Smyth, 345.(3)

A Bill for making a canal from Bishop's Stortford to Cambridge (-1)

(1) Third child and only son of William Henry Duke of Gloucester (brother of Geo. III.),
by Maria daughter of Sir Edward Walpole, and widow of James Earl of Waldeg-rave. He
was born at Rome, I5th January, 1776 ; was educated at Trinity College in this University,
Avhere he took the degree of m!A. 1790; then entered the Army, served in Flanders in I7y4
and 1795 ; was in 1796 created LLD. here ; succeeded to the title of Duke of Gloucester on
the death of his father in 1805; was made a General in 1808, and a Colonel of the Foot
Guards in iSOg. In 1816 he married his cousin, the Princess Mary, fourth daughter of
George III.; was appointed Field Marshal, and by special warrant had the title of Royal
Highness conferred on hira. He died 30th Nov. 1834. and was interred with royal honours
at Windsor, on the 11th of December following.

(2) This contest gave occasion to the following publications: —

1. — The Question examined whether the friends of the Duke of Gloucester in the
^ present contest, are enemies of the Church ; with an Appendix, containing an

extract from the Statutes, and Remarks on it, as applying to the present occasion.

By Herbert Marsh D.D. F.R.S. Margaret Profess^or of Divinity.— Canib. 8vo. 1 81 1 .
2. — Remarks submitted to the consideration of the readers of Dr. Marsh's Pamphlet.

— Camb. 8vo. 1811.
3.— Letter to the Rev. Dr. Marsh, occasioned by his Address to the Senate of the

University. — Camb. Svo. 1811.
4. — A Defence of the Question examined whether the friends of the Duke of Gloucester

are enemies of the Church, being a reply to an anonymous Pamphlet and an

anonymous Handbill.— Camb. Svo. 1811.

(3) Analysis of the Polls at the above Elections.

G. R. p. S.

19 6 Petcrhouse 9 16

9 14 Clare Hall 14 7

7 13 Pembroke Hall 12 f)

21 20 Caius College 27 13

4 7 TrinityHall 9 2

I4 3 Corpus Christi College 12 5

2.3 U King's College 19 19

23 8 Queen's College 2\ 8

3 7 Catharine Hall 7 .1

24 14 Jesus College 17 17

.^1 8 Christ College 13 2rt

r,7 126 St. John's College 161 3'i

17 6 Magdalene College 16 7

178 63 Trinity College 69 159

17 33 Emmanuel College .S5 14

f, U Sidney CoUlege II 5

2 1 Downing College 1 2

5 0 Commorantes in Villa 3 3

470 356 459 347

2 5 Objected votes 8 2

468 351 451 345

(4) Vide ante pp. 403, 432, 43G.

496 GEORGE THE THIRD. U^H

was introduced into the Hovise of Commons this year. It was op-
posed by the Corporation and many of the inhabitants. It was
read a second time on the 18th of March, by 90 against 34; but on
the 9th of April, it was thrown out in committee.

On the 3rd of May, the Senate voted from the University chest,
£300, for relief of distressed Portuguese, and £200 for relief of
British prisoners in France. (i>

On the 7th of May, died, in the 80th year of his age, Richard
Cumberland, Esq. He was born at Trinity College Lodge, 19th
February, 1731 -2; (2) being son of the Rev. Denison Cumberland
(afterwards Bishop successively of Clonfort and Kilmore), by Joanna,
daughter of Dr. Richard Bentley, Master of Trinity College. He
was educated at Bury and Westminster schools, admitted of Trinity
College in his 14th year, was tenth wrangler in 1750-1, and was
elected to a fellowship (3) soon after he had taken his first degree j
he became private secretary to Lord Halifax, and when that noble-
man went to Ireland as Lord Lieutenant, accompanied him as
under secretary. He afterwards obtained an office at the Board of
Trade, and ultimately became Secretary, which situation he held
till the abolition of that Board under Mr. Burke's bill. In 1780,
conceiving that there was an opening for a separate negotiation
with the Court of Spain, he went with his family to Lisbon, and
thence to Aranjuez. The negotiation was preposterously conducted
and entirely failed, and on his return, he was neglected and dis-
avowed by the ministry. He thenceforward retired into private
life, residing principally at Tunbridge Wells. Mr. Cumberland was
author of a great number of dramatic pieces, of these the comedies
of the " West Indian," the " Jew," and the " Wheel of Fortune,"
maybe considered as possessing considerable merit. His "Observer"
occupies a respectable place amongst the British essayists ; but his
poems, novels, theological tracts, and fugitive and miscellaneous
pieces, are now but little regarded. He published memoirs of his
own life, and continued to compose for publication to nearly his
last hour; for it is to be lamented, that his old age was ex-
posed to the discomfort attending narrow and reduced circum-
stances. He is said to have been of a peculiarly jealous and
irritable temper, and to have been the prototype of Sheridan's " Sir
Fretful Plagiary." Mr. Cumberland married in early life, and had

(1) Cambridge Chronicle, 10 May, 1811.

(2) Baptised at St. Michael's, 5tli March, 1731—2.

(3) M.A. 1754.

ISU] GEORGE THE THIRD. 497

several children. He was buried in the Poet's Corner, Westmin-
ster Abbey .(1)

This year, the Duke of Gloucester Chancellor of the University,
notified his intention to give a gold medal, value 15 guineas, to a
resident Undergraduate, for the best English poem. The first medal was
given in 1813, and succeeding Chancellors have continued the prize.

On the 15th ol' June, an Act passed for enclosing the lands called
Coe Fen Leys, in the parish of St. Mary the Less.(2)

In the evening of the 28th of June, the Duke of Gloucester Chan-
cellor elect of the University arrived at Trinity College Lodge,
where he was received by Dr. Mansell Bishop of Bristol Master
of the College. Shortly afterwards the Vicechancellor, Heads of
Houses, and Proctors, paid their respects to his Highness. On the
following day the Installation took place in the Senate House,
with the accustomed ceremonies, and amidst the acclamations of nearly
0,000 persons. The following Installation Ode, written by William
Smyth Esq. M.A. fellow of Peterhouse, Professor of Modern History,
and set to music by Charles Hague Mus. Doct. Professor of Music,
was performed in an exquisite manner by the most celebrated vocal
and in.strumental performers : —

KECITATIVE.

Thou, from thy realms of brighter day.

Thou, the Bard, whose matchless lay
Once gave to deathless fame thy Fitzroy's praise;

Now, when, again the festive pomp we lead,

Oh yet receive, for 'tis the Poet's meed,
The earthly homage, which the heart would raise ;
The fond warm sigh, that would to life restore
The Genius loved and mourned, that must return no more.

AIR.

0 thou, lost Master of the British Shell 1
Pleased in the calm of Academic bowers
To win the spoils of meditative hours,

And from thy studious cell
See thy loved Arts and Virtue's gentle train
Wide round the world securely reign.

Alas ! how is that world defiled,

How changed each scene that peaceful smiled.
Since in this crowded Dome thy skill divine
Did laurel wreaths round Granta's sceptre twine —

CHORUS.

— What countless forms, with frantic mien,
Have flitted o'er yon darkened scene —
They come— they rage— they disappear —
The Storm is Woe— the Pause is Feai- —

(1) Memoirs of Richard Cumberland, written by himself ; Annual Kogister, iSll.

(2) Stat. 50 Geo. III. c. 176 (local and personal).
VOL. IV. 3 K

498 ' GEORGE THE THIRD. [1811

RECITATIVE.

But who is He that treads the uncertain gloom,
That comes the last, nor shades the general doom?

AIR AND QUARTETT.

Vain now each mighty Name,
Thro' ages long descended:

Each Banner's storied fame,
Which conquest once attended:

RECITATnTE.

From height to height the Alpine Ea'gle flown ^
Screams, aa he finds no wild remain his own j

RECITATIVE.

With sullen march recede

The Russian's wasted train :
The high, indignant Swede

The oppressor braves in vain ;
In dim eclipse the Crescent's glories fade :
And the far Indian sees the approaching shade;

Where, mid the clouds of War,

Where, now the fortune of the Austrian stai'?
The high-born Maid, in Bridal Garlands shewn,
Leads up the last sad pomp, that speaks a World o'cvthvown.

CHORUS.

— The shout is heard on high-
Britannia ! hark— they fly— they fly-
Hark— fallen is the foe, and thine the victory.—

On Alexander's plains glad sounds arise:
Vimeira loud replies ;

The Conquerors of the World are conquered now —
Rise, bind the laurels on thy brow

Britannia ! rise ! — 'tis thine — 'tis thine.

To roll the thunders of the blazing line,

And bid the ruin wide the scattered foe pursue ;
And thine, to rush amain
Along the embattled plain.

Pour o'er the opposing ranks, and sweep thorn from the vie\T;

RECITATIVE AND AIR.

On Talavera's height,

And 'mid Barossa's fight,
High beat each English heart with triumph warm,
And England's Genius o'er the battle's storm
Rose proud, and shewed her Edward's laurelled form,
While near was seen the sable warrior son.
Crowned, as on Poictier's day, with wreaths from Cressy won.

AIR.

O Gloster! pleased to thee while Granta bends,
And gives her sceptre to thy faithful hand;

1811] GEORGE THE THIRD. 499

Oh think, while round the baleful storm extends,
Why yet thy native land,

Why yet the loved, the beauteous Isle

In peace can rest in Virtue smile ;

RECITATIVE.

'Mid States in flames and ruins hurled,
Why England yet survives the world ! —

AIR.

From hardy sports, from manly schools.
From Truth's pure lore in Learning's bower.

From equal Law, alike that rules
The people's will, the Monarch's power;

From Piety, whose soul sincere

Fears God, and knows no other fear ;

From Loyalty, whose high disdain

Turns from the fawning, faithless train ;

From deeds, the Historian's records shew,

Valour's renown and Freedom's glow,

'Tis hence, that springs the un conquered fire ;

That bids to Glory's heights aspire:

AIR,

O Gloster! hence the Sage's aim,
The Scholars' toil, the Statesman's fame,
The flaming sword, still ready found
To guard the Paradise around—
Here in their last retreat are seen

The peaceful Arts, the Classic Muse,-
And heavenly Wisdom here her light serene.

Her holy calm can still diffuse ;

AIR AND CHORUS.

No common cause, no vulgar sway.

Now, Gloster, claim thy generous zeal —
In England's bliss is Europe's stay,

And England's hope in Granta's weal —

AIR.

— Thee have the marshalled Hosts of France
Seen on their firmest ranks advance ;

Thine was the Soldier's fearless glow,

And thine the skill that watched around;
Saamed and repulsed the conscious foe
The laurel gave, though Fortune frowned;
And England heard with loud acclaim.
The promise of thy youthful fame ;

DUET.

The modest Virtues on thy steps attend —

To thee the sons of grief and pain

For pity turn, nor turn in vain;
The hapless African has called thee Friend—
Oh over thou the generous cause defend '

500 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1811

CHORUS,

Pursue thy course !— an honest fame is thine —

And Granta still shall bless the day,
Gbanta that ever lov'd a Brunswick's name,.
The honoured day, that saw her thus consign

To thee the Ensigns of her Sway,
The Guardian of her Laws, her Rights, her Fame,
Son of her matron Lore, Prince of her Monarch's line.

The University then accompanied the Chancellor in procession to
Trinity College, where his Highness gave a sumptuous dinner to
nearly 1000 persons in the cloisters of Neville's Court, a temporary
awning being erected on the eastern side. In the evening he
attended a concert in the Senate House, after which he gave
a collation in Trinity College cloisters, the company, which exceeded
3000, being entertained with a brilliant display of fireworks. On
Sunday, the 30th of June, the Chancellor attended service at Great
Saint Mary's, both morning and afternoon. On Monday, the 1st
of July, he held a levee at Trinity Lodge, and afterwards went in
state to the Senate House, and admitted twenty honorary Doctors
in Civil Law, and fifteen honorary Masters of Arts. He then re-
turned to Trinity Lodge, and thence proceeded to Sidney College
gardens, where a magnificent public breakftist was given by the
University ; after which he attended a grand dinner at Trinity Col-
lege, given by the Master and Fellows of that Society. On Tuesday,
the 2d of July, being Commencement day, his Highness presided
in the Senate House, and on that and the following day visited
the several colleges. On the 3rd of July, Mr. Sadler ascended in
an air balloon, from the great court of Trinity College, and the
Chancellor, after partaking of a public breakfast, given in Trinity
College cloisters, to 1500 ladies and gentlemen, set off on his return
to London. (I)

On the 15th of October, between three and four in the morning,
a fire broke out in Emmanuel College, which destroyed the interior
of one side of the principal court, called the Founder's or Lord
Westmoreland's building, containing eighteen sets of rooms. The
fire originated in the apartments of Mr. Thomas, a fellow commoner,
who generously presented the Society with £500. towards restoring
the building.C-)

On the 16th of November, the Senate voted £500. from the Uni-

(1) Cambridge Chronicle, 5 July, 1311; Cambridg-e University Calendar for 1812, 27d— 2S8.

(2) Cambridge Chronicle, IS Oct. 8 Nov. 1811.

1812] GEORGE THE THIRD . 501

versity Chest to the National Society for Promoting the Education
of the Poor in the Principles of the Established Church.CU

The Cambridge Auxiliary Bible Society was established at a crowded
and unanimous public meeting, held at the Town Hall, on the 12th
of December. The Earl of Hardwicke was in the chair. Amongst
the speakers were Lord Francis Godolphin Osborne M.P. for the
county, Rev. Dr. Edward Daniel Clarke Professor of Mineralogy,
Rev. William Parish M.A. Professor of Chemistry, William HoUick
Esq. Rev. Charles Simeon M.A. fellow of King's College, Dr. Isaac
Milner Dean of Carlisle and President of Queen's College, and Rev.
William Dealtry fellow of Trinity College. The proceedings appear
to have excited the most intense interest.(2)

1812.

A temporary Act for the more effectual preservation of the peace
by enforcing the duties of watching and warding, which received the
royal assent on the 20th of March, contains a proviso that it should
not prejudice or affect any jurisdiction, right or privilege, claim or
custom, of either of the two Universities of Oxford or Cambridge.(3)

On the 28th of March, was executed, at the Castle, William Night-
ingale (tried and convicted as William Bird), for forging and utter-
ing a note purporting to be a Windsor and Berkshire Bank Note
for £5.(4)

On the 16th of April, between eleven and twelve at night, Sidney
College was discovered to be on fire in two places. Immediate as-
sistance being rendered, the flames were extinguished before any
material damage was sustained. There being reason to believe that
the fire was the act of an incendiary, the Master and fellows offered
a reward of £200., and the University of £300., for discovery of the
offender. On the 3rd of May, about two o'clock in the morning,
another fire broke out in an uninhabited room in the upper part of
the south wing of the same college. Considerable damage was done,
but by great exertions the flames were prevented from communi-
cating to any other part of the building.(5)

On the 20th of April, the Senate voted petitions to both Houses
of Parliament, against the Catholic claims.(6)

(1) Cambridge Chronicle, 22 Nov. 1811.

(2) Ibid. 13, 20, 27 Dec, 1811; Milner, Life of Dean Milner, 403—482; Otter, Life of
Clarke, ii. 260.

(3) Stat. 62 Geo. IIL c. 17, s. 37.

(4) Cambridge Chronicle, 20 March, 3 April, 1812,

(5) Ibid. 21 April, 8 May, 1812.

(6) Ibid. 24 April, 1812.

502 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1812

On the 25th of May, Louis XVIII. King of France (who travelled
under the name of Comte de Lisle) arrived at the Rose Inn. On
appearing in the balcony he was received with a royal salute from
the Local Militia. The following morning he proceeded to view the
public buildings and colleges. He afterwards dined in Trinity Col-
lege Hall. He left Cambridge on the 27th.(i)

On the 29th of May, about nine in the evening, a fire broke out
in an apartment at Trinity College. The flames however were soon
extinguished. There had been no fire or light in the room for 24
hours previously.(2)

On the 9th of June, an Act passed(3) for making a navigable canal
from the Stort Navigation, at or near Bishop's Stortford, to the
River Cam, near Clayhithe Sluice, with a navigable branch or cut
from such canal at Sawston to Whaddon.C*) The act contains clauses
for protecting Hobson's Conduit, for repairing damage to the Hills
Road, for protecting the tolls of the Cam, saving the rights of the
Conservators of the Cam, for payments to the Corporation of Cam-
bridge by persons erecting cranes or weighing machines upon the
line of the canal between Shelford and Cherryhinton, and for com-
pensation to the Corporation of Cambridge in case of diminution of
their tolls.(5) This canal was not made.

On the 12th of June the following address, signed by 13 Heads of
Colleges and 91 other members of the Senate, was presented to the
Prince Regent, at Carlton House, by Dr. Mansel Bishop of Bristol
and Master of Trinity College, accompanied by other Members of
the Senate: —

TO HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCE REGENT.

The humble Address of the greater part of the Heads of Colleges, of
the Doctors, Professors, and Masters of Arts, resident in the University of
Cambridge.

May it please your Royal Highness,
We, his Majesty's most dutiful and loyal subjects, whose names are under-
written, being the greater part of the Heads of Colleges, of the Doctors, Pro-
fessors and Masters of Arts, resident members of the Senate of the University
of Cambridge, humbly beg leave to express to your Royal Highness our grief
and horror at the late melancholy and afflicting event which, by the most des-
perate and atrocious act of assassination, within the walls of the House of

(1) Cambridge Chronicle. 29 May, 1812.

(2) Annual Register for 1812, p. SO.

(8) The second readii>g in the Commons (25th Feb.) was carried by 84 against 34, and the
ihird reading there {22nd May) by 93 against 28.

(■1) Vide ante, pp. 40.'5, 432, 436, 495. Ralph Dodd was tlie projector of this canal. Mr.
William Walker was afterwards tlic engineer —Cambridge Chronicle, 28 Sept. 19 Oct. 26
Oct. 1810.

(,5) Stat. i)-2 Geo. III. c. HI (local and personal). An Act to amend this Act received the
rojal tiisent L'UJune. ISll.

1812] GEORGE THE THIRD. 593

Parliament, has deprived your ^loyal Highness and the country of the services
of the late Right Honourable Spencer Perceval.

In this expression of our feelings, we are aware how much they are in
unison with those of the empire at large : but to us, as members of an Uni-
versity, to whom the promise of so many public and private virtues was given ,
and whose expectations therein have been so fully gratified, we trust that a
more than ordinary concern may be allowed on this awful and melancholy oc-
casion ; and that those virtues which, while he lived, were peculiarly the ob-
jects of our exultation, may, now that he is no more, be those also of our
more affectionate remembrance.

But, independently of all immediate connection with the subject of our re-
gret, we still humbly hope, that in thus expressing our attachment to the
memory of an eminently virtuous man, we shall not be considered by your
Royal Highness as acting otherwise than in the best conformity to the duties
of our situation, connected as it is with the great and important purposes of
education, and founded upon the principles of religion and virtue,(l)

The Corporation also voted au Address of Condolence to the
Prince Regent on Mr. Perceval's assassination. It was presented by
the Duke of Rutland Pligh Steward, Lieut.-Gen. Finch, and Lieut.-
Gen. Manners, members for the town.(2)

On the 2nd of July, Garret Hostel bridge broke down. It had
been in a decayed state for a considerable time, and the passage over
it had been stopped for several days previously. It was frequently
called the mathematical bridge, and was erected in 1769,('^) from a
design by Mr. Essex.(4)

An Act for registering and securing Charitable Donations, -which
passed on the 9th of July, contains a clause that its provisions should
not extend to either of the Universities of Oxford or Cambridge, nor
to any college or hall thereto belonging, nor to any charitable be-
quest, devise, gift, or foundation whatsoever belonging thereto, or
under the controul, direction, superintendence, or management of
those Universities, or either of them, or any college or hall therein. (5)

On the 8th of August, Daniel Dawson was executed at the Castle,
for poisoning a horse at Newmarket, in 1809.(6)

In October, orders were made by Trinity and St. John's Colleges,
that students appearing in hall or chapel in pantaloons or trousers,
should be considered as absent.('i')

On the 18th of November, the Senate voted petitions to both
Houses of Parliament a":ainst the Catholic claims. The votes were.

(1) London Gazette, 13 to IG June, 1812 ; Cambridge Chronicle, 19, 26 June, 1812.

(2) Corporation Common Day Book ; London Gazette, 20 to 23 June, 1812,
(.1) Vide ante, p. 3G0.

(4) Cambridge Chronicle, 10 July, 1812.

(5) Stat. 52 Geo. 111. c. 102, s. 11.

(6) Cambridge Chronicle, 20 March, 21 July, 11 August, 1812.

(7) r.etrospective Review, xii. 35n.

504 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1813

Non-Regents : Placets, 53 ; Non-Placets, 42. Regents : Placets, 52 ;
Non- Placets, 34.(i)

On the 20th of November, the Court of King's Bench, in an
action by the University of Cambridge against Bryer, decided that
under the Copyright Act, 8 Anne,(2) the printer of a book, composed
after the passing of the act, and published for the first time after
its composition, with the consent of the proprietor of the copy-
right, was bound to deliver a copy upon the best paper to the
warehouse keeper of the Stationers' Company, for the use of the
library of the University, although the title of the book and the
proprietor's consent to the publication were not entered in the Com-
pany's register.(3)

1813.

On the 23rd of January, about eleven at night, Sidney College
was again(4) discovered to be on fire in two places, but the flames
were extinguished before any material damage was sustained. Fre-
derick Kendall B.A. of that college was committed on suspicion of
being the incendiary. (5)

On the 25th of January, the Corporation unanimously agreed to
petition both Houses of Parliament against the Catholic claims. (6)

On the 17th of February, the Senate voted £300. for relief of the
sufferers in Russia. King's college gave 100 guineas, Trinity Col-
lege 100 guineas, and Catharine Hall 25 guineas, for the same pur-
pose.(7)

On the 18th of February, a Commission of Sewers was granted
for certain limits in Cambridgeshire, extending from where the river
Granta first runs into the parish of Little Sheiford, and from Arring-
ton Bridge to the tails or outfalls of the King's Mill, in Cam-
bridge, including the whole of that branch of the river Cam over
which Newnham Mill stands.

At the Lent Assizes, Frederick Kendall B.A. of Sidney College
was tried before Mr. Serjeant Marshall for setting fire to that college
on the 23rd of January. Sir William Garrovv, Solicitor-General, who
was specially retained, defended the prisoner, who was acquitted.(8)

(1) Cambridjje Chronicle, 20 November, 1812.

(2) Vide ante p. 98.

(3) East's Reports, xvi. 317.

(4) Vide ante, p. 501.

(5) Cambridge Chronicle, 29 Jan. 1813.

(6) Ibid. 12 Feb. 1813.

(7) Ibid. 15 Jan. 22 Jan. 29 Jan. 19 Feb. 1813.

(8) Cambridge Chronicle, 8 March, 1813; Trial of Fredmck Kendall Esq B..\.for setting
fire to Sidney College. (Camb. 8vo. 18i3.)

1813] GEORGE THE THIRD. 505

At the County Sessions, on the 30th of April, the Corporation
were indicted for not repairing Garret Hostel Bridge. The indict-
ment was removed into the King's Bench, where judgment, by de-
fault was entered against the Corporation (i) About the same time
they were indicted and convicted for not repairing the Small Bridge,
which they afterwards put in repair at the cost of £299. lO*. Od.

In May, a person of the name of Thomas Bell was exhibited at
the Hog in the Pound, Oxford-street, London, as "The Cambridge
Giant." He was 36 years of age, 7 feet 2 inches high; his hands
11 inches, his middle fingers 6 inches in length. He considered him-
self as double jointed. He was a native of Cambridge, and apprenticed
to the trade of a blacksmith, which he relinquished in order to
travel the country for exhibition at fairs, &c.(2)

On the 28th of May, the Senate voted petitions to both Houses
of Parliament, praying that proper steps might be taken for the
diffusion of Christian Knowledge in the East Indies. (3)

On the 5th of July, there was a general illumination here on
account of the Battle of Vittoria.H)

The Assize of Bread Act, passed 10th July, contains a proviso
that its enactments should not prejudice the ancient right or custom
of the two Universities of Oxford or Cambridge.(5)

On the 21st of July, the royal assent was given to an Act for ex-
tending and amending the Cam Navigation Act. By this act ad-
ditional powers were given for recovery of the tolls and of penalties,
and the Conservators were empowered to let the tolls, &c., for a term
not exceeding three years.(6)

This year, a Classical University Scholarship, called the Pitt
Scholarship, was established. £1000. was contributed by the sub-
scribers to Mr. Pitt's statue,(7) and £500. by the Pitt Club in
London.(8)

On the 1st of December, died, in the 60th year of his age, John
Bowtell bookbinder, of this town. He compiled a History of the
Town, and by his will bequeathed to Trinity College £500. £3. per
cent. Consols, the annual dividends to be applied in repairing the

' { 1) Pleas of the King in B. R. Trin. 53 Geo. III. roll 6t.

(2) Kirby's Wonderful and Eccentric Museum, iv. 403, where is a portrait of Thomas
Bell, in an academic gown.

(3) Cambridge Chronicle, 4 June, 1813.

(4) Ibid. 9 July, 1813.

(5) Stat. 53 Geo. III. c. 116. s. 12.

(6) Stat. 53 Geo. III. c. 214, (local and personal).

(7) Vide ante, p. 485.

(8) Cambridge Chronicle, 30 July, 17 Dec. 1813.

VOL. JV. 3 .s

506 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1814

church and chancel of Saint Michael's, and £1000. £3. per cent. Con-
sols, the dividends to be pnid half-yearly to the churchwardens of the
parish of the Holy Trinity (wherein he was born), for repairing and
beautifying the Church and Steeple; to the Trustees of Hobson's
Workhouse £500. £3. per cent. Consols, the annual dividends to be
applied towards placing out poor boys, natives of Cambridge as
apprentices ; to the President and Governors of Addenbrooke's
Hospital £7000. £3. per. cent. Consols, for enlarging the Hospital;
to Downing College, his books and manuscripts (including his His-
tory of the Town), and a collection of fossils and curiosities. (')
There is a portrait of Mr. Bowtell in the court room at Adden-
brooke's Hospital, the Governors of which institution have lately
erected a tablet to his memory in Saint Michael's Church.

On the 9th of December, the Senate voted an addess to the Prince
Regent, congratulating him on the brilliant victories obtained by the
forces of his Majesty and of his allies. This address was presented
at Carlton House, on the 17th, by Dr. Chafy Vicechancellor, the
Caput, the Registrary, and the Esquire Bedels. There was also a
numerous attendance of noblemen and gentlemen educated at the
University, amongst whom were the Archbishop of Canterbury, the
Earl of Westmoreland, the Bishops of Salisbury and Chester, Vis-
count Lowthcr, Viscount Palmerston and J. H. Smyth Esq. Repre-
sentatives in Parliament for the University, the Right Hon. Charles
Manners Sutton Judge Advocate, Lord Massy, Hon. J. Shore, and
John Beckett Esq. Under Secretary of State.(2)

1S14.

On the 1st of February, the Senate voted £50. for the relief of
the poor of the town. (3)

The fall of Napoleon and the restoration of the Bourbons were
celebrated by a general illumination on the 14th of April. (4)

On the Gth of June, the Corporation voted an address to the
Prince Regent, congratulating him on the return of peace,(5) and an
address on the same occasion was voted by the Senate on the 8th
of June. It was presented at Carlton House, on the 12th of July,
by Dr. Chafy Vicechancellor, the Earl of Hardwicke High Steward

(1) Cambridge Chronicle, 3 Dec. 17 Dec. 24 Dec. 181.3.

(2) London Gazette, 21 Dec. 1813; Cambridge Chronicle, 24 Dec, 31 Dec. 1813.

(3) Cambridge Chronicle, 4 Feb. 1814.

(4) Ibid. 15 April, 1814,

(5) London Gazette, 6 Aug. I8U.

18Uj GEORGE THE THIRD. 507

of tlie University, Viscount Palmerston and J. H. Smyth Esq. Mem-
bers of Parliament for the University, the Archbishop of Canterbury,
the Marquess of Exeter, Earl Nelson, Earl Percy, the Bishops of
Salisbury and Exeter, Viscount Normanby, Rij^ht Hon. Charles Man-
ners Sutton, Src, &c.(i)

On the 27th of June, Peace vvas proclaimed here with the accustomed
solemnities, amidst the general acclamations of the people. In the
evening there vvas a general illuraination.(2)

The Duke of Gloucester the Chancellor visited the University at
the Commencement, as did also the celebrated Prussian Marshal
Von Bkicher, v^ho vvas drawn by the populace from the entrance of
the town to Trinity College, and received with the loudest acclama-
tions. The University conferred the degree of LL.D. on him, and
on Lord Charles Stewart and Lord Burghersh, who accompanied him ;
and he attended a grand banquet at Trinity College (4th July), at
which upwards of 500 were entertained. Lord Erskine was amongst
the noble and distinguished persons who visited Cambridge on this
occasion. (3)

In a congregation held on the 4th of July, in which the Duke of
Gloucester presided as Chancellor of the University, the Senate voted
petitions to both Houses of Parliament, praying for the adoption of
measures for the complete annihilation of the African slave trade.!"!)

On the 8th of July, at a public meeting of the inhabitants, con-
vened by the Mayor, it was unanimously agreed to petition both
Houses of Parliament expressive of disapproval of that article in the
Treaty of Peace which guaranteed to France the continuance of the
slave trade for five years, and praying that they would use such
measures as they thought most likely to procure its repeal at the
ensuing congress.!^)

On the 11th of July, a county meeting, convened by the Sheriff,
in pursuance of a requisition, was held at the Shire Hall. Resolu-
tions were unanimously carried expressive of regret and disappoint-
ment that, in the recent Treaty of Peace with France, no stipulation
bad been made for the immediate abolition of the African slave trade.
An address to the Prince Regent, and petitions to both Houses of
Parliament, grounded on the resolutions were agreed to. The reso-
lutions were moved and supported by George Milncr Esq., E. Hol-

(1) Londoa Gazette, 16 July, 1814.

(2) Cambridge Chronicle, 1 July 1814.

(3) Cambridge Chronicle, 8 July, 18H; Full and True Accouul of the late Eejoicings at
Cambridge. 8vo. J 814.

(4) Cambridge Chronicle, 8 Jul\ , ISU.

(5) Ibid. 8 July, \j July, 1811. '

508 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1814

lick Esq., Lord F. G. Osborne M.P. for tlie County, Edward King
Fordhara Esq., and Mr. Wedd.CO

In celebration of the return of Peace, there was a general public
dinner to the poorer classes on Parker's Piece, on the 12th of July.
Nearly 6000 persons partook of the entertainment, which consisted
of plain substantial English fare.(2) The tables were twenty-four in
number, diverging from an octagonal orchestra, in which was a nu-
merous and excellent band of vocal and instrumental performers.
Each table was 156 feet long, and was decorated with banners having
appropriate devices. At these tables the principal gentry of the
University and town presided. It was computed there were 15,000
spectators. After dinner the company adjourned to Midsummer
Green, where there were rural sports and pastimes. In the evening,
there Avas a bonfire on Parker's Piece. On the following day the
fragments of the feast were distributed amongst the aged and in-
firm, to each of whom half-a-crown was given. The prisoners
in the Gaol and the inmates of Addenbrooke's Hospital were
also furnished with provisions to celebrate the occasion. On the
13th and 14th of July, there were public tea parties and dancing
in various parts of the town. The expence was defrayed by a public
subscription, amounting to £998. 3s. 4d. ; but after paying all charges
there remained a surplus of £102. 8s. Id., out of which £90. was
voted to the widows and orphans of soldiers slain in the war.(3)

On the 29th July, the royal assent was given to a Copyright Act,
which contains a clause for the delivery to the warehouse-keeper of
the Stationers' Company, for the use of the public library at Cam-
bridge, of a copy of every printed book, and of every volume thereof,
upon the paper upon which the largest number of such book should
be printed for sale, together with all maps and prints belonging
thereto, under the penalty of £5, for each copy, and full costs of
suit, to be recovered by action of debt in any Court of Record. (*)

(1) Cambridge Chronicle, 8 July, 15 July, 1814.

(2) The following' provisions, &c,, were supplied —

Beef (including 700 lbs. of suet for puddings) 5,338 lbs.

Plum puddings, of 6 lbs. each, 700.

Bread, 5820 penny loaves.

Gloucester cheese, 485 lbs.

Sallads, 2C40.

Onions, 220 bunches.

Vinegar, 528 half-pint cruets.

Salt, 480 saucers.

Mustard, 480 pots.

Ale, 56 barrels.

Pipes, 1728.

Tobacco, 52 lbs.

(3) Cambridge Chronicle, 15 July, 22 July, 1814 ; Full and True Account of the late Ke-
joicings at Cambridge. 8vo. 1814.

(4) Stat. 54 Geo. III. c. 15G, s. 2, repealed by Stat. 5 & G Vict. c. 45.

1815] GEORGE THE THIRD. 5Q9

On the 19th of September, a new Theatre in the parish of St. An-
drew the Less was opened, the former theatre, situate in the parish of
St. Benedict, being thenceforth disused. (')

On the 19th of October, the Senate voted £300. from the Uni-
versity chest, for the distressed Professors of the University of Wit-
tenberg.(2)

This year. Trinity Hall contributed £100. from their Causeway
fund towards rebuilding Garret Hostel Bridge. (3)

On the 23rd of November, was the election to the Professorship
of Anatomy, vacated by the death of Sir Busick Harwood M.D.
The candidates were, John Haviland M.A. and Licentiate in Physic,
fellow of St. John's College ; William Clark M.A. fellow of Trinity
College ;(4) and John Thomas Woodhouse M.D. fellow of Cains Col-
lege. The votes were, Haviland, 150; Clark, 135; Woodhouse, 60.

1815.

At a County Meeting, held at the Shire Hall, on the 2nd of Janu-
ary, it was agreed to petition the House of Commons against the
renewal of the Property Tax. Jonathan Page Esq. High Sheriff was
in the chair, and the resolutions were supported by Ebenezer Hol-
lick Esq., Robert Jones Adeane Esq., Henry Gunning Esq., Rev.
George Adam Browne, and Lord Francis Godolphin Osborne M.P.
The Rev. Frederick Herbert Maberley of Chesterton opposed the
petition.(s)

The existence of fever in several colleges and in the town created
considerable alarm. At a meeting of the Viceehancellor and Heads
on the 11th of April, it was, on the report of the medical gentlemen
of the University and town, determined not to be expedient that the
undergraduates should return to their colleges before the 20th of
May. On the 3rd of May, a Grace to the following effect passed the
Senate, but not without opposition : —

Since an opinion exists in some parts of the country that the students of
the university cannot with safety return immediately to their colleges, on ac-
count of a fever being prevalent in this place : May it please you, that
(although there is great reason to hope such opinion is groundless, yet in order
to prevent the anxiety of parents and friends) their term be allowed to all un-
dergraduates who, having kept the last Lent Term, are absent during the pre-
sent Easter Term.

(1) Cambridge Chronicle, 16 Scpf. 1814.

(2) Ibid. 21 Oct. 1814.

(3) Corporation Common Day Book,

(4) Now Professor of Anatomy, elected to the oflicc in 1817.

(5) Cambridge Chronicle, C Jan. ISlft.

510 GEOilGE THE THIRD. [1815

Ou the 24th of May, the following declaration was made by the
Physicians of Addenbrooke's Hospital : —

Cambridge, May 24, 1815.
We, the undersigned, hereby declare, we do not know of any fever now
prevailing in Cambridge :

And as far as we have been able to observe, the feverish complaint which
has sometime back prevailed here, was not of a contagious nature.
I. Pennington, M.I). A

Regius Professor of Physic. \ Physicians to

T. Ingle, M.D. j Addenbrooke's Hospital.(l)

J. T. "VVOODHOUSE, M.D. J

By the Stamp Act, which received the royal assent on the 11th of
July, the duty on admission or matriculation in the Universities was
increased from 10^. to £1. The former duties upon admission to
degrees and testimonials, or certificates of admission thereto,(2) were
reimposed.(3)

The Apothecaries' Act, passed on the 12th of July, contains a
clause recognizing the right of the Universities of Oxford and Cam-
bridge to grant licenses for the practice of physic, and by another
clause it is enacted that the act shall not lessen, prejudice, or de-
feat the rights, authorities, privileges, and immunities theretofore
vested in, exercised, and enjoyed by either of those Universities.('i)

On the 14th of July, the Senate voted £300. in aid of the fund
for relief of the Widows and Orphans of those who fell at Waterloo,
and of the w^ounded sufferers of the British army in that engage-
ment.(5)

An address from the University to the Prince Regent, congratu-
lating him on the victory at Waterloo, was unanimously voted by
the Senate on the 14th of July; and on the 27th, it was presented
at Carlton House by Dr. Thackeray Vicechancellor and delegates
from the Senate, accompanied by the Earls of Westmoreland and
Harrowby, Earl Percy, the Bishop of Gloucester, Viscount Palmer-
ston M.P., and other members of the University.C^)

A proposal was this year made to enclose Coe Fen, Coldham's
Common, and Christ's College Pieces ; but the Corporation, on the
24th of August, refused their assent,C<') and the scheme was abandoned.

On the 13th of November, the Prince Regent and the Duke of

(1) Cambridg-e Chronicle, 31 March, 14 April, 5 May, 2 June, 1815; Otter, Life of Dr.
Clarke, ii. 33B. Mr. Thomas Verney Okes, surgeon, this year published a tract, entitled
•' Observations upon the Fever lately prevalent in Cambridge."

(2) Vide ante, p. 489.

(3) Stat. 65, Geo. III. c. 184.

(4) Stat. 55 Geo. III. c. 114, s. s. 5 & 29.

(5) Cambridge Chronicle, 14 July, 21 July, 1815.

(6) London Gazette, 20 July, 1815; Cambridge Chronicle, 21 July, 1 -\ug. U Aug. ISiJ,

(7) Corporuliua Conuaon Day Book.

1816] GEORGE THE THIRD. ^H

Clarence (afterwards King William IV,) passed tlirongli Cambridge,
on their way from Iluntingdonsliire to Newmarket. They did not
stop here, relays of horses being ready, by order, at Barnwell. (U

1816.

This year, was first instituted an examination of students in civil
law.

On the 5th of February, died Richard Viscount Fitzwilliam,(2) whose
■wilKS) contains the following bequest : —

I GIVE AND BEQUEATH uuto the Chancellor masters and scholars of the
University of Cambridge, all my capital stock in the New South Sea An-
nuities [£100,000], to be had and held by them the said Chancellor, masters,
and scholars, and their successors for ever, upon the trusts, and to and for
the intents and purposes hereinafter expressed and declared, touching and
concerning the same; and as to all my pictures, portraits, prints, drawings
and engravings, whether framed, glazed, or otherwise, and also the frames and
glass thereof respectively, all my books, printed, engraved, or manuscript, bound
or unbound, all my music, bound and unboimd, all my busts, statues, medals,
gems, precious stones, and bronzes whatsoever, which shall belong to me at
the time of my decease, I give and bequeath the same unto the said Chan-
cellor, masters, and scholars of the said University of Cambridge, and their
successors for ever, upon the trusts and for the intents and purposes herein-
after expressed, declared and contained, touching and concerning the same :
and I do hereby declare my will to be, and hereby direct, that they the said
Chancellor masters and scholars, do and shall with all convenient speed after
my decease, by and out of the dividends and annual proceeds of my said New-
South Sea Annuities so directed to be transferred to them as aforesaid, cause
to be erected and built a good substantial and convenient Museum, Repository,
or other building, within the precincts of the said University, for the reception
and preservation of the said pictures, books, and other articles, or to purchase
one or more erections or buildings for that purpose ; and in the meantime
and until such a Museum, Repository, or other building, shall be erected,
built, or purchased as aforesaid, to procure a proper building for their tem-
porary reception, and to pay rent and taxes for the same, and also to pay and
defray all the costs, charges, and expences attending the removing and depositing
the said respective articles : and I do hereby direct, that William Sheldon and
Edward Roberts, or the survivor of them, do cause a regular schedule or in-
ventory to be made of the said several articles, and shall cause two fair copies
of such schedule or inventory to be made, one of which copies I direct shall
be signed by them the said William Sheldon and Edward Roberts, or the sur-
vivor of them, and that the other copy shall be signed by the Vicechancellor
of the said University for the time being, and that the copy so to be signed
by the said William Sheldon and Edward Roberts, or the survivor of them,
shall be delivered to the said Vicechancellor, and deposited in the place where
the said several articles are kept, and that the copy to be signed by the said

(1) Cambridge Chronicle, 17 Nov. 1815.

(2) Sometime of Trinity Hall, Hon. M..\. 17G4.

(3) Dated I8th Atignst, 1815.

512 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1816

Vicechancellor shall be delivered to the said William Sheldon and Edward
Roberts, or one of them, to be kept by them, or one of them : and it is my
will, and I hereby direct, that none of my said pictures, books, or other articles
before mentioned, shall be taken or removed from the Museum or Repository
for the time being, by any person or persons whomsoever, or on any account, or
upon any pretence whatsoever, except only in case of fire happening, and
then only during the time the necessity continues : and I do hereby declare my
will to be, and hereby direct, that the expense of keeping such pictures, books,
and other articles before mentioned, and the salaries of officers and other per-
sons to be employed in or about the same, shall be discharged with and out
of the dividends and annual proceeds of th€ said New South Sea Annuities so
given and bequeathed as aforesaid : and I do hereby declare, that the bequests
so by me made to the said Chancellor masters and scholars of the said Uni-
versity, are so made to them for the purpose of promoting the increase of learn-
ing, and the other great objects of that noble foundation ; but the particular
arrangement, economy, and disposition of the property comprised in the said
legacies and bequests 1 have made and given, I commit (subject to the several
trusts hereinbefore expressed) to the direction and management of the said
Chancellor masters and scholars, in such manner as is provided by the laws
and usages of the said University.

On the 9th of February, the Senate voted an address to the Prince
Regent, congratulating him on the re-establishment of Peace. It
was presented at Carlton House on the 30th of April, by Dr, Kaye
Vicechancellor, and a deputation from the Senate, accompanied by
many noblemen and gentlemen educated at the Uuiversity.(l)

On the 24th of February, a County Meeting, convened by John
Whitby Quintin Esq. High Sheriff (in compliance with a requisi-
tion;, was held at the Shire Hall, to take into consideration the
depressed condition of the Agricultural Interest. Henry Gunning
Esq. proposed, and Jonathan Page Esq. seconded certain resolu-
tions, which (with an additional resolution proposed by Sir George
Leeds Bart, and seconded by the Rev. GeorgeAdam Browne) were carried
unanimously. Lord F. G. Osborne expressed himself favourable to
the objects of the meeting, and a letter was read from Lord C. S.
Manners, intimating that he could not support a renewal of the Pro-
perty Tax. The resolutions affirmed overwhelming taxation to be
the main cause of the distress then existing, and intimated that con-
siderable alleviation might be derived from protecting duties at higher
rates on the importation of foreign wool, seeds, and other agri-
cultural produce, and particularly by a recurrence to the system of
drawbacks on the exportation of corn and malt. The Malt Tax
and the Income Tax were condemneJ, and the proposed remedies
of the Chancellor of the Es.chequ8r declared utterly inefficient. It

(1) Cambridge Chrouicle, 16 Feb. S May, 10 May, 18IG; London Gazette, 4 May, 1816.
[The Gazette erroneously enumerates the Earl of Liverpool, Viscount Sidmouth, and
other Oxford men, amongst the noblemen and gentlemen educated at this University.]

181G] GEORGE THE THIRD. 513

was declared that no certain and adequate remedy was to be found
but in the ample reduction of the general expcnces of the country.O

The Mayor being requested to convene a meeting of the inhabitants
to petition against the renewal of the Property Tax declined to do
so, twenty-three inhabitants then convened a public meeting, which
was held at the Shire Hall, on the 26th of February. Mr. William Hoi-
lick took the chair, and Messrs. Thomas Hovell and Charles Humfrey
proposed resolutions, strongly condemning the renewal of the tax.
These were carried unanimously, as was a petition to the House of
Commons, framed upon the resolutions.(^)

On the 1st of April, a meeting of the owners and occupiers of
land in the County of Cambridge and Isle of Ely was held at the
Hose Tavern : Sir George Leeds Bart, in the chair. Resolutions
were passed, affirming the depressed state of agriculture ; that the
Poor Laws fell with undue weight on the occupiers of land, and
needed revision ; that the prevalent distress required much further
aid than the cessation of the war duty on malt ; that the provision
of the late Corn Bill allowing the bonding of foreign corn, was
highly detrimental, and that the importation of articles of foreign
production similar to those grown in our own country, unless ac-
companied with high protecting duties, could not fail of being most
injurious to the agricultural interest of the United Kingdom ; that the
late depreciation of money was one cause of the then distress ; that
Government ought to reduce taxes, and give a strict attention to
economy and retrenchment in every branch of public expenditure.
A committee(3) was appointed to communicate from time to time
with the members of Parliament for the county, and the agriculturists
were recommended to support the institution of benefit clubs and
savings' banks.('i)

On the 4th of May, the Corporation voted an address of congra-
tulation to the Prince Regent, on the marriage of his daughter the
Princess Charlotte of Wales with Prince Leopold of Saxe Coburg.
This address was presented at Carlton House on the 5th of Juh',
by John Cheetham Mortlock Esq. Mayor, who received the honour
of knighthood on the occasion. (•'')

(1) Cambridge Chronicle, 23 Feb. 1 March, ISlfi.

(2) Ibid.

(3) Sir George Leeds Bart. Sergeant Frere, Thomas Quintin Esq. llev. Townley Clarkson,
Henry Gunning Esq. Mr. J. Whilechnrch, John Ilcmiiigton Esq. VVcdd William Nash Esq.
Henry Thurnall Esq. Ebenczer Foster Esq. Josc)>h I'attcsou Wedd Esq. Samuel Pickering-
IJeales Esq.

(4) Cambridge Chronicle, f. Ai)ril, 1816.

(5) Corporation Common Day Look; Cambridge Clironirle, 12 July, 1816.
VOL. IV. ;} T

514 GEORGE THE THIRD. - [1816

On the 15th of May, the Senate voted an address to the Prince
Regent, congratulating him on the marriage of the Princess Char-
lotte of Wales. It was presented at Carlton House on the 21 st,
by the Duke of Gloucester Chancellor, Dr. Kaye Vicechancellor, and
a deputation from the Senate, accompanied by the Archbishop of
Cashel, the Bishops of Chester, Ely, Salisbury, Bristol, Exeter, Ban-
gor, St. Asaph, and Clogher, the Marquess of Lansdowne, Earl
Spencer, Earl Compton, Viscount Sidney, Earl Percy, Lord Calthorpe,
Viscount Bernard, Lord Weymouth, Sir Thomas Liddell, Hon. J.
Villiers, William Wilberforce Esq. and others.C)

In consequence of serious riots at Littleport and Ely, the magis-
trates of this town, as a measure of precaution, on the 25th of May
swore in a great number of special constables, and appointed sta-
tions for their assembling, in the event of any appearance of dis-
turbance here.

On the 22d of June, the Court of King's Bench gave judgment on
a presentment against the inhabitants of St. Giles for not repairing
that part of the Arrington road which is situate in their parish, to
which they had pleaded, that the road in question had been repaired
by the inhabitants of Great St. Mary from time beyond memory until
the passing of the Arrington Turnpii<:e Act,(2) whereby it was en-
acted, that that part of the road should be repaired by the Turnpike
Trustees, and that the inhabitants of Great St. Mary's should be
exempted from repairs on contributing £150. The prosecutor having
demurred to this plea, the Court held it bad, as not shewing a con-
sideration whereby to subject the inhabitants of Gi*eat St. Mary's to
the reparation of a highway in alien a parochia.(3)

The following grace passed the Senate on the 26th of June : —

Cum Senatus Consultum Jan, 24, 1766,(4) concessum, omnino taceat de iis qui
gradum suscipiant nullis terminis completis : cumque hand sequum videatur ut
majora privelegia iis concedantur quo neque in hac neque in alia quavis Academia
commorati sunt, quam nostris Alumnis qui omnibus exercitiis Academicis per-
functi nomina sua tabulis collegiorum subduxerint, aut quam iis qui ab Oxonio
vel Dublinio hue se contulerunt : Placeat vobis, ut in posterum nemo Gradum
quemque suscipicns ad jus suffragii admittatur, qui non, vcl ante vel post gra-
dum susceptum, tres saltern terminos compleverit, nisi qui in Offieium Acade-
mieum vel Lecturam Publicam, vel in Fundationem alicnjus Collegii electus
fuerit.(5)

(1) London Gazette, 23 May, 1816; Cambridge Chronicle, 10 May, 2+ May, 31 May, 181&,

(2) See Order of Sessions, 14 April, 1656 (in Vol. iii. p. 465) wherein this road is de-
nominated as beyond Newnhani Bedford way.

(3) Maule and Selwyn's Reports, v. 260.

(4) Vide ante, p. 341 (where date of this grace is erroneously given as 21st January).

(5) Gunning, Ceremonies of Univ. of Camb. 21G (where the above grace is erroneously
stated to have passed in 1830),

1816] GEOllGE THE THIiti). 515

At the Siiuiinci' Assizes was tried before Lord Chief Justice Gibbs,
au action wbcreiu William Anderson lessee of Jesus College was
plaintiff, and Thomas Broadbelt defendant. The question at issue
was the liability of the lands held by the defendant as tenant to
Rev. J. W. Geldart to the tithes called St. Rhadegund's tithes. The
plaintiff had a verdict.(0

On the 13th of August, the Vicechancellor and Public Orator pre-
sented to the 'Duke of Gloucester the Chancellor a congratulatory
letter on his marriage with the Princess Mai-y.(2)

On the 24th of October, came on the election of Registrary of the
University. The candidatesC*^) were William Hustler Esq. M.A. fel-
low of Jesus College, who had 159 votes, and Thomas Turton(^) M.A.
fellow of Catharine Hall, who had 104 votes. (5)

Doubts having arisen respecting the persons to whom the right
of nominating in the election of Lecturers and other officers belongs,
the yicechancellor and Heads having considered the words of the
statute and Lord Burghley's letter thereon, (6) declared the intention
and meaning thereof to be that no person can exercise the right of
nominating as representative of any Head of a House excepting the
Viceprovost, Vicemaster, President, or Locum-tenens regularly ap-
pointed, according to the statutes of the college to which he be-
longs.(7)

By a deed, dated the 27th of November, Charles Burney D.D. and
the Rev. John Cleaver Banks M.A., surviving trustees of a fund raised
by the friends of Professor Porson and appropriated to his use in
his lifetime, transferred to the University £400. Navy £5. per
cents, upon trust, that the interest should be annually employed in
the purchase of one or more Greek books, to be given to the resi-
dent undergraduate who should make the best translation into Greek
verse of a proposed passage in Shakspere, Ben Johnson, Massinger
or Beaumont and Fletcher.

The Cambridge and Cambridgeshire Savings' Bank was establislied
at a meeting held at the Rose, on the 13th of December, over
which the Earl of Hardwicke presided.'.s)

(1) Cambridge Chjronicle, 9 August, 1816.
('.») Ibid. 16 August, 18IC.

(3) There were no less than 11 candidates previously to the nomination,

(4) Now Bishop of Ely.

(5) Cambridge Chronicle, 18 Oct. 25 Oct. 1816.

(6) Vide Vol. ii. p. 309.

(7) Gunning, Ceremonies of Univ. of Camb. 28.

(8) Cambridge Chronicle, 20 Dec. J 816.

516 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1817

1817.

An attack having been made upon the Prince Regent, when re-
turning from opening the Parliament, an Address of congratulation
on his escape was voted by the University, w^hich was presented at
Carlton House on the 18th of February, by the Duke of Gloucester
Chancellor, the Earl of Hardwicke High Steward, Dr. Wood Vice-
chancellor, the Representatives of the University in Parliament, the
Marquess Camden, the Marquess of Huntley, Earl Spencer, Earl Percy'
Earl St. Germains, the Marquess Graham, the Earl of Brecknock,
Lords Townsend, Bridport, Boston, Sydney, St. Helen's, Bernard,
and Clive ; the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Bishops of Ely, Salis-
bury, Exeter, Cloyne, St. Asaph, Chester, and LlandafP, and about
250 other members of the University. (D On the 21st of February,
an Address of congratulation on the same occasion was voted by
the Corporatiou.(2)

The Union Society, comprising a large proportion of the Under-
graduates and younger members of the University, and established
(in or about February, 1815, by the union of several similar societies,
some of which had existed for many years,) for the discussion of
literary and political questions, was interrupted by Dr. Wood the
Vicechancellor and the Proctors, who, in March, this year, went to
one of the society's meetings at the Red Lion, and commanded the
members to discontinue their discussions as inconsistent witli academic
discipline. A petition, complaining of this interference, signed by
several Masters of Arts and noblemen, members of the society, was
presented to the Duke of Gloucester Chancellor of the University.
The members of the society also presented a remonstrance to the
Vicechancellor, in which they demonstrated that each member on an
average did not bestow more than ten hours per annum in attend-
ance on the society's meetings, and that none could bestow more
than forty hours. They denied that the society interfered witli the
studies of the members, and for proof stated that they had amongst
them three University Scholars, seven Chancellor's Medallists, twelve
Browne's Medallists, and several who had attained the highest mathe-
matical honours.(3) They alledged that the union tended to dimi-
nish attendance on other clubs and meetings, whose conduct was
likely to be less orderly as their objects were less intellectual. They

(1) Cambridge Chronicle, 21 Feb. 28 Feb. 1817.

(2) Loiulon Gazette, 27 Feb. 1817,

(3) At the time of the dissolution Mr. W'heuell (now Master of Trinity College) was Pre-
sident, Mr. Rose of Trin. Coll. Treasurer, and Mr. Thirhvall of Trin. Coll. (now Bishop of
St, David's) Secretary.

1817J GEORGE THE THIRD . 517

agreed (if the society coukl not be tolerated on other terms) to exclude
political as they had ever done theological subjects, and they prayed
that the society might not be put down at that particular period
when the suppression of societies bearing accidentally the same name
might induce those unacquainted with the University to suppose it
was suppressed from political motives, and that its members had
been guiity of seditious or treasQnable language. To this remon-
strance the Vicechancellor declined any answer as unnecessary. Ulti-
mately the society was allowed to resume its meetings on the under-
standing that there should be no discussion on political questions
except such as fell " within a floatiug period of twenty years anterior
to the time of discussion. ''(0

On the 25th of March, died, at Jesus College, aged 82, the Rev.
Robert Tyrwhitt M.A. formerly fellow of that Society. By his will
he gave to the University £4000. Navy £5 per cents, for the encourage-
ment of Hebrew Learning. (2)

On the 26th of April, the University voted a petition to the House
of Commons, against a bill for enabling ecclesiastical persons and
others having qualified interests to make leases of tithes so as to
bind their successors.^3)

On the 14th of May, the University voted a petition to the House
of Lords, against further concessions to the Roman Catholics. (^)

This year, £20,000 was presented to St. Peter's College, by a
gentleman, who concealed his name.(5) He afterwards turned out to
be the Rev. Francis Gisborne M.A. formerly fellow of the Society,
and his benefaction was applied in founding two fellowships and four
scholarships, and in erecting new buildings.

The Magna Congregatio was this year revived, after being dis-
continued for several years.(C)

(1) This restriction was abolished in or shortly after 1830.

(2) In 181S, the^nate decreed tlic louiulation of three Hebrew scholarsliips. In 1826,
the number was inceased to six. On the 29th of April, 18oG, new reg-ulations were made as
to the scholarships.

(3) Cambridge Chronicle, 2 May, 9 May, 18J7.

(4) Ibid. 16 May, 181?.

(5) Ibid. 30 May, 1817.

(6) The following letter from the Vicechancellor to the Mayor explains the object of the
revival:—

" Julv 1st, 1S17.
" Dear Sir,

" I beg to inform you that 1 intend to hold the Magna Con-
*• gregatio on Friday next at Tea o'clock, and request your attendance in the Chancel
" of St. Mary's ( hurch at that hour, with two Aldermen, four Burgesses, and two re-
" spectable householders from each parish, to enter into the engagements required by
" our Charters and the Ancient Customs of the University.

"1 am induced to call your i)articular attention to this business at the present nio-
" mcnt on account of the extraordinary inllux of Beggars and Vagiauts, who constantly

518 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1817

In consequence of tbe Shire Hall having been recently painted,
the smell was so offensive that the Judges refused to hold the Sum-
mer Assizes there, and the Nisi Prius Court was held at St. John's
College Hall before Lord Chief Justice Gibbs, and the Crown Court
in Jesus College Hall before Mr, Justice Abbott.O)

On the election of an Alderman on the 16th of August, the sixteen
electors chose James Burleigh and the Aldermen John Willimott,
but the Mayor declared Mr. Burleigh duly elected, and he was
afterwards sworn into office. (2)

On the 19th of November, being the day of the funeral of the
Princess Charlotte of Wales, there was service in all the churches
and meeting-houses. The University went in procession to Great
St. Mary's, where a sermon was preached by Dr. John Kaye Master
of Christ's College and Regius Professor of Divinity, from Psalm
cxix. 71. The Mayor, Aldermen, and Common Council went in pro-
cession to Great St. Andrew's, where a sermon was preached by
the Rev. Walter Gee fellow of Sidney Coll. from Ecclesiastes vii. 4. In
the evening, a dumb peal was rung at Great St. Mary's. On the
following Sunday, funeral anthems were sung at King's, Trinity,
and St. John's Chapels.(3)

On the 4th of December, the Corporation voted an Address of
Condolence to the Prince Regent on the death of the Princess Char-
lotte of Wales. They also sent a letter to the Baron Hardenbrock
Private Secretary to Prince Leopold, desiring him to assure the Prince
of their sympathy.<'i)

" infest the streets, walks, and colleges, and give serious cause of alarm lest some out-
" rage should be committed by them. I beg further to remind you, that the University
" has for many years distributed considerable sums of money to the several parishes in
" the town on tlie express stipulation that the streets and colleges shall be kept free
'• from beggars and vagrants, and I feel it my duty to declare expressly that until our
" Charter, which is calculated to give most effectual assistance to the police of the town,
" is complied with on the part of the parishes, i must withhold any further benefactions
" to them.

" The Charter to which I refer was granted to the University by Richard the Se-
'^ cond and confirmed by his Successors, a circumstance the simple mention of which
'♦ will I am sure induce you to assist in its enforcement in conformity with the Mayor's
" engagement when he enters upon his office.

" I am, my dear Six-,

" Your very faithful humble servant,

" J. Wood, Vicechancellor.

" To the Worshipful the Mayor of Cambridge."

Dr. Wood, in the foregoing letter, states that the Charter, establishing the Magna Congre-
gatio, was granted by Richard II., whereas it was granted by Henry III., and one does not
clearly perceive why its being granted by Richard II. or confirmed by his successors, was
a circumstance the simple mention of which should induce the Mayor to assist in its en-
lorccment.

(1) Cambridge Chronicle. I August, 1817-

(2) Corporation Common Day Book.

(3) Cambridge Chronicle, 21 Nov. 28 Nov. 1817. <»
<4) London Gazette, 30 Dec. 1817; Corporation Common Day Book.

1818] GEORGE THE THIRD. 519

1818.

On the nth of February, a petition from the Univcrsit}^ against
the Tithe Regulation Act was presented to the House of Com-
mons.(')

On the ovd of March, Sir Egerton Brydges obtained leave in the
House of Commons to introduce a bill to amend the Copyright Act
of the .54th Geo. 111.(2) This bill proposed that the libraries entitled
to demand copies of books should pay part of the retail price thereof
to the publisher. A petition against the bill was presented by this
University, and petitions in favour of the bill by the folio wing, Lon-
don publishers : Messrs. Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown,
Messrs. Cadell and Davies, Messrs. Rodwell and Martin, and Mr.
Valpy ; Mr. Cooke and Mr. Daniell engravers ; and the Rev. Rogers
Ruding author of Annals of the Coinage. There were also petitions
in its favour from the booksellers and publishers of London and
Westminster, and from certain artists and engravers. The bill was
supported by Sir Egerton Brydges, Mr. Hudson Gurney, Lord Al-
thorp, Mr. Lamb ton, Sir Samuel Romilly, and Sir James Mackintosh ;
and opposed by Mr. Smyth, Mr. Plunkett, Mr. Peel, Lord Palmerston,
Sir William Scott, Mr. John Peter Grant, Mr. Forbes, Lord Archibald
Hamilton, and Mr. Croker. On the 17!:h of April, the bill was read
a second time, on the understanding that it would be referred to a
select committee, which was accordingly appointed ; and on the 5th
of June (five days before the dissolution of Parliament) this Com-
mittee presented a report, in which they recommended, 1st. the re-
peal of so much of the Act of 54 Geo. IIL as required the gratuitous
delivery of eleven copies except in so far as related to the British
Museum, and that a fixed allowance should be granted in lieu thereof
to such of the other public libraries as might be thought expedient.
2dly. That if it should not be thought expedient to comply with the
first recommendation, the number of libraries entitled to claim de-
livery should be restricted to the British Museum, and the libraries
of Oxford, Cambridge, Edinburgh, and Dublin Universities. 3dly.
That books of prints, wherein the letter-press should not exceed a
certain very small proportion to each plate, should be exempted
from delivery, except to the Museum, with the exception of all books

(1) Cambridge Clironiclc, 13 Feb. ISIS.

(2) Vide ante, p. 508.

5^0 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1818

of mathematics. 4thly. Tliat all books in respect of which claim to
copyright should be expressly and effectually abandoned should be
also exempted.(0

On the 27th of March, the Vicechancellor promulgated certain re-
gulations for the better conduct of lodging houses for students, and
all persons letting lodgings to students were required to subscribe to
these regulations, and to take out a licence from the Vicechancellor
and Proctors. The number of such licences granted this year was
215.(2)

At the Town Sessions held on the 2nd of April, immediately after
Serjeant Blossett the Deputy Recorder had charged the Grand Jury,
Dr. Webb Vicechancellor came into court, attended by Mr. Pemberton
his solicitor, preceded by the Esquire Bedels, and followed by the
Proctors, and approaching John Purchas Esq. the Mayor on the bench,
demanded the seat he then occupied as Chairman of the Sessions.
The Mayor stated that he conceived the Mayor had a right to the
chair by long usage, that it would be an abandonment of his duty
if he quitted it, and he should therefore refuse to resign it. The
Vicechancellor then asked the Mayor if he were to understand that
he positively refused him the chair. The Mayor replied, " most
positively, most unequivocally." The Vicechancellor, after saying
that he did not com3 to have words, retired from the court. At
a Common Day, held on the 7th of April, the thanks of the Cor-
poration were unanimously voted to the Mayor " for his firm and
independent conduct in supporting the rights of his office as Mayor."
It was also agreed to defray all expcnces which might be incurred
by the Mayor by reason of any legal proceedings against him by
the Vicechancellor.(3)

In consequence of Mr. Martyn the Professor of Botany being un-
able, from advanced age, to deliver lectures, he empowered Sir James
Edward Smith M.D. President of the Linnaian Society to deliver
a course of Botanical Lectures in the University, and he having ob-
tained the assent of the Vicechancellor, announced his first lecture
for the Gth of April. In the meantime eighteen Tutors of Colleges
intimated to the Vicechancellor that they decidedly disapproved of

{\) Hansard's railiamenfary Debates, xxvii. 7.')r,, 1190. 1212, 1226, xxviii. 154, 1257;
Christian, Vindication of the right of the Universities of the United Kingdom to a copy of
<.'vcry new publication. Srd edit. 177

(2) List of persons licensed by the Vicechancellor and the Troctors to receive students as
dodgers, &c. Camb. 8vo. 1818.

(3) Corporation Common Day Hook, 7 April, ISIS; CainbridgT Chronich^ ,". April, 1818.

1818] GEORGE THE THIRD. 521

their pupils attending the public lectures of any person who was
neither a member of the University, nor a member of the Church
of England/!) and in consequence Sir James E. Smith, at the sug-
gestion of bis friends, abandoned his intention of lecturing here.(2)

On the 8th of April, the University voted £1000. to the Society
for building Churches. Trinity College also voted £500. to the So-
ciety about the same time.(3)

On the 29th of April, a grace passed for the annual appointment
of two Proproctors, to assist the Proctors in the enforcement of
discipline, on account of the great increase of the students, and the
necessity of their lodging in the town. Bachelors in Divinity, as
well as Masters of Arts, are eligible to this office. (4)

On the 21st of May, came on the election of Woodwardian Pro-
fessor. The candidates were, Adam Sedgwick M.A. fellow of Trinity
College, and George Cornelius Gorham M.A. fellow of Queen's Col-
lege. The votes were, Sedgwick, 186; Gorham, 59.

The Act for appointing Commissioners to inquire concerning

(1) " April 4th, 1818.

" We, the undersigned Tutors of Colleges, beg leave respectfully
'• to express to the Vioe-Chancellor, that we decidedly disapprove of our Pupils attending
" the Public Lectures of any Person, who is neither a Member of the University, nor a
" Member of the Church of England.

" Samuel Berney Vince, King's College.

" John Brown \

" James Henry Monk, > Trinity College.

"James Devereux Hustler,.. )

"Thomas Calvert, \

•' Tho. Waldron Hornbuckle, > St. John's College.

" Kalph Tatham )

" Samuel Tilbrook, Peterhouse.

•' William French Pembroke Hall-

" Benedict Chapman, Caius College.

"James William Geldart, Trinity Hall.

"Thomas Shelfoi'd, Bene't College.

" William Mandell, Queen's College.

" Thomas Turton, Catharine Hall.

"William Hustler Jesus College.

" Joseph Shaw, Christ College.

" William Young Emmanuel College.

"Walter Gee Sidney College.

(2) These circumstances occasioned the publication of the following Pamphlets : —

1. — Considerations respecting Cambridge, more particularly relating to its Botanical
Professorship. By Sir James Edward Smith M.D. F.R.S. &c. President of the
Linnffian Society. — Lond. Svo. 1818.

2. — A Vindication of the University of Cambridge from the reflections of Sir James Ed-
ward Smith President of the Linna?an Society, contained in a Pamphlet entitled
Considerations respecting Cambridge, &c. By the Rev. James Henry Monk B.D.
Fellow and Tutor of Trinity College and Regius Professor of Greek in the Univer-
sity of Cambridge.— Lond. Svo. 1818.

3.— A Defence of the Church and Universities of England against such injurious ad-
vocates as Professor Monk and the Quarterly Review for January, 1819. By Sir
James Edward Smith M.D. F.R.S. &c. President of the Linnaian Society. — Lond.
8vo. 1819. .

4.— Appendix to a Vindication of the University of Cambridge from the reflections of
Sir James Edward Smitli &c. &c. By James Henry Monk B.D. Fellow and Tutor of
Trinity College and Regius Professor of Greek in the University of Cambridge.
— Camb. Svo. 1819.

(3) Cambridge Chronicle, 10 April, 17 April, 1818.

(4) Gunning, Ceremonies of Univ. of Cambridge, 33.
VOL. IV. 3 v

Q22 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1818

Charities, contains a clause that its provisions should not extend to
either of the Universities of Oxford or Cambridge, nor to any Col-
lege or Hall within the same, nor to any schools or other endowments
of which the said Universities, Colleges, or Halls are Trustees.(0

At the General Election, there was a contest for the town, the
candidates being General Robert Manners, General the Hon. Ed-
ward Finch, and Henry John Adeane Esq. The election took place
on the 18th of June, when the votes were, Manners, 76; Finch, 76;
Adeane, 56.

William Whittred Esq. Barrister at Law claimed the freedom of
the town by birth. It appeared that he had an elder brother (born
after his father's admission) who died a minor, and it was therefore
contended that Mr. Whittred was not entitled to the freedom, in-
asmuch as he was not the " filius natu maximus." Being refused
admission, he obtained a mandamus from the King's Bench, and
having traversed the Mayor's return, the case was brought down
for trial at the Summer Assizes this year, but was made a remanet.(!^)
It was never tried, Mr. Whittred dying at Rome on the 13th of March,
1819.

On the 2nd of September, His Royal Highness the Duke of Sussex
arrived at Cambridge, and visited the various colleges, libraries, and
other public buildings. He took the degree of LL.D., and the Cor-
poration presented him with the freedom of the town. He was en-
tertained at Trinity College, Clare Hall, and Downing College, and
by the School of Plato Lodge of Freemasons. He left Cambridge
on the 5th of September.(3)

An attempt of the ruling party in the Corporation to make forty
additional non-resident freemen was warmly opposed. On the 18th
of September, the proposition was carried by 35 against 25. On
the 24th, a public meeting of the inhabitants was held, to petition
Parliament on the subject. Ultimately, in consequence of the op-
position in and out of the Corporation, the names of the non-residents
were withdrawn.('i)

At the Town election, one Charles Harvey tendered his vote as a
freeman, having been admitted by birth (29th September, 1816). His
vote was objected to, and it appeared he was not born in Cambridge

(1) Stat. 5g Geo. III. c 91, s. 12. There are similar clauses in the Statutes 59 Geo. III.
c. 81 ; 1 & 2 Gul. IV. c. 34 ; and 5 & 6 Gul. IV. c. 71.

(2) Mr. Whittred published here this year, in 8vo., " A Letter to the Freemen of the
Corporation of Cambridge."

(3) Cambridge Chronicle, 4 Sept. 11 Sept. 1818.

(4) Corporation Common Day Book; Cambridge Chronicle, 25 Sept, 2 Oct. 1818.

1819] GEORGE THE THIRD.

but at Bagshot. Serjeant Blossett the Mayor's Assessor allowed
the vote. Afterwards, however, a Quo Warranto Information was
filed against Harvey, who disclaiming, judgment of ouster was
given. (1)

The Church Missionary Association for the Town, County, and
University, was established at a meeting held in the Theatre at
Barnwell, on the 18th of November.(2)

An Address of Condolence, from the University on the death of
the Queen,(3) was presented at Carlton House, on the 4th of December,
by the Hon. and Rev. George Neville M.A. Vicechancellor ;(4) and
on the 9th ol' December, a similar Address was voted by the Cor-
poration.(5)

On the 31st of December, was published the first number of the
Cambridge and Hertford Independent Press, with which, in April,
1819, was incorporated the Huntingdon, Peterborough and Bedford
Weekly Gazette, which had been published in London, by Weston
Hatfield, the same proprietor. The Cambridge Independent Press
and Huntingdon, Bedford and Peterborough Gazette is still pub-
lished. It advocates liberal principles, and has a large circulation.

1819.

At a Town Meeting, held on the 4th of January, a Committee was
appointed to confer with the County Magistrates, as to the procuring
an Act for a Court of Requests, and a petition from the inhabitants
of the town, praying for the establishment of such a Court was pre-
sented to the House of Commons, by General Manners, on the 21st
of April.(6)

At a County Meeting, held at the Shire Hall, on the 9th of
January, Thomas George Apreece Esq. High Sheriff in the chair, an
Address of Condolence to the Prince Regent, on the death of the
Queen, was unanimously agreed to.W

(i) Tancred, Treatise on Quo Warranto, 263.

(2) Cambridge Chronicle, 20 Nov. 1818.

(3) On the Sunday following the Queen's funeral a sermon was preached before the
University at Great St. Mary's, by Dr. Marsh Bishop of Llandaff, from James iv. 9. Funeral
anthems were also introduced into the evening service at King's, Trinity, and St. John's
College chapels.

(4) London Gazette, b Dec. 1818.

(5) Ibid. 19 Dec. 1818.

(6) Cambridge Chronicle, 8 Jan. 33 April, 1819.

(7) Ibid. 15 Jan. 1819.

524 GEORGE THE THIRD. [1819

On the 23rcl of April, a grace passed the Senate, by a consider-
able majority, for presenting petitions to both Houses of Parliament
against further concessions of political power to Roman Catholics. (i)

At the election of Schoolkeeper of the University, on the 31st of
May, the votes were, John Taylor, 67 ; J. Tollvvorthy, 30. (2)

The Bread Act, which received the royal assent on the 14lh of
June, contains a similar proviso as to the rights of the Universities,
as the Stat. 3 Geo. III. c. 11.(3)

On the 3rd of July, the Duke of Gloucester Chancellor of the
University, accompanied by his Duchess and the Princess Sophia
Matilda of Gloucester, arrived at Trinity College Lodge. On Sunday,
the 4th of May, they attended divine service at Great St. Mary's,
were entertained at dinner at Magdalene College Lodge, by
the Hon. and Rev. George Neville Vicechancellor and Lady Charlotte
Neville, went from thence to the service at Trinity College
Chapel, and afterwards walked on Clare Hall Piece. On the 5th,
the Chancellor held a levee at Trinity College Lodge, and then pre-
sided at a Congregation in the Senate House. At this Congrega-
tion, Thomas Babington Macaulay of Trinity College recited his
poem on Pompeii, which had gained the Chancellor's gold medal.
After the Congregation, the Corporation presented, at Trinity Lodge,
an address congratulating the Duke on his arrival. The Duke,
Duchess and Princess attended the performance of Judas Maccabeus at
Great St. Mary's, dined in Trinity College Hall, and afterwards attended
a concert in the Senate House. On the 6th, being the Commence •
ment day, the Duke presided in the Senate House, and he, his
Duchess and the Princess visited the Public Library, the Fitzwilliam
Museum, and the Botanic Garden, attended a public breakfast in
Trinity College Cloisters (at which upwards of 1000 persons were
present), and were entertained at an evening party at Downing
Lodge. On the 7th, the royal party visited Clare Hall, and after
attending divine service at King's College Chapel, took their de-
parture for Audley Eud.(4)

On the 6th of August, Thomas Weems was executed at the Castle,
for the murder of his wife, Many Ann Weems, at Wendy. After
his body was cut down it was conveyed to the Lecture Room iij

(1) Cambridge Chronicle, 30 April, 1819-

(2) Ibid. 4 June, 1819.

(3) Stat. 59 Geo. III. c. 36, s. 25 ; Vide ante, p. 325,

(4) Cambridge Chronicle, 9 July, 16 July, 1819.

1819] GEORGE THE THIRD. 525

the Botanic Garden, where it was subjected to various galvanic
experiments. It was then dissected, and on the following day was
exhibited to the populace.O

On Sunday, the 29th of August, his Royal Highness the Duke of
Sussex arrived at the Sun Hotel in this town, from Holkham. Ho
dined at Trinity College with the Rev. George Adam Browne, one
of his chaplains, and passed the evening at Downing College. The
following day after breakfasting with Mr. Browne, and spending up-
wards of an hour in Trinity College Library, his Royal Highness
took his departure for Kensington Palace.(2)

The Cambridge Philosophical Society was established at a meet-
ing of the Graduates of the University, held at the Lecture Room,
under the Public Library, on the 2nd of November, Dr. John Ha-
viland Regius Professor of Physic in the chair. William Parish
M.A. Jacksonian Professor was elected the first President of the
Society.(3)

On the 11th of November, the Corporation voted a loyal Address
to the Prince Regent, expressing their detestation and horror at the
daring machinations of desperate and abandoned men, who, under
the maddening impulse of their infidel and revolutionary frenzy,
stopped not to undermine but openly avowed their flagititious de-
signs to overthrow, with the altars of religion, the venerable fabric
of the Constitution. (4)

On the 24th of November, the Senate voted an Address to the
Prince Regent, expressive of attachment to the Constitution, and
apprehension of the dangers by which the civil and ecclesiastical
establishments were assailed. This address was presented at Carlton
House, on the 7th of December, by the Duke of Gloucester Chan-
cellor, Mr. Serjeant Frere Vicechancellor, six other Heads of Houses,
the Public Orator, the Proctors, Registrary and Esquire Bedels, the
Duke of Northumberland, Earl of Harrowby, Viscount Palmerston,
the Bishops of Lincoln, Bangor, Exeter, Ely, Salisbury, Chester, and
Peterborough, Lord Hervey, Lord Calthorpe, Hon. Berkeley Noel,
Right Hon. John Beckett, and other noblemen and gentlemen educated
at the University.(5)

(1) Cambridge Chronicle, 6 Aug. 13 Aug-. 1819.

(2) Ibid. 3 Sept. 1819.

(3) Cambridge Chronicle, 5 Nov. lU Nov. 26 Nov. 1819 ; Otter, Life of Clarke, ii. 332, 477 ;
Cambridge Portfolio, 121.

(4) London Gazette, 20 Nov. 1819; Cambridge Chronicle, 12 Nov. 26 Nov. 1819.

(5) London Gazette, 11 Dec. 1819; Cambridge Chronicle, 10 Nov. 10 Dec. 1810.

526 ' GEORGE THE THIRD. [1820

In November, the Haymarket, which had been held near St. Cle-
ment's Church, was removed to a piece of ground near the National
School, in the parish of St. Peter.(i)

On the 3rd of December, came on the election of a member of
Parliament for the town, in the room of General Finch, who had
accepted the Chiltern Hundreds. The candidates proposed were Lieut.-
Col. Frederick William Trench and Henry John Adeane Esq. The
votes were, Trench, 56 ; Adeane, 2. In the evening a mob made a
riotous attack on the Hoop Inn, where Colonel Trench was dining
with a party of his friends.(2)

On the 15th of December, the Duke of Rutland High Steward of
the Town sent to the Mayor £50., to be expended in coals, for
distribution amongst the poor of the town. (3)

On the 16th of December, the Senate voted £250. to the National
Society for Education, and £250. to the Society for building and
enlarging Churches and Chapels. (*)

A temporary Act for more effectually preventing seditious meet-
ings and assemblies, which passed on the 24th December, contains
a clause that nothing therein contained should extend or be con-
strued to extend, to any lectures or discourses to be delivered in
any of the Universities of the United Kingdom by any member
thereof, or any person authorised by the Chancellor, Vicechancellor,
or other proper officers of such Universities respectively.(5)

1820.

At the Town Sessions held on the 14th of January, Mr. "Weston
Hatfield, printer and editor of the Cambridge Independent Press,
and seven other persons were indicted for a riot after the Town
Election, on the 3rd of December, 1819. Mr. Hatfield was acquitted.
The other parties were convicted and sentenced to imprisonment for
terms varying from five to ten months.(s)

(1) Cambridg-e Chronicle, 26 Nov. 1819; Corporation Common Day Book, 3 Nov. 15 Dec.
1819; see Corporation Common Day Book, 3 Dec. 1790, 10 May, G July, 1791.

(2) Cam.bridg-e Chronicle, 10 Dec. 17 Dec. 1819.

(3) Corporation Common Day Book, 15 Dec, 1819.

(4) Cambridge Chronicle, 17 Dec. 1819.

(5) Stat. 60 Geo. III. & 1 Geo. IV. c. 6, s. 31.

(6) Cambridge Chronicle, 21 Jan. 1820.

GEORGE THE FOURTH.

1820.

King George the Fourth was proclaimed by the University autho-
rities on the 3rd of February, by the Mayor and Corporation on the
4th, and by John Flail Esq. High Sheriff of the County on the 5Lh.(i)
' On the 15th of February, the University voted an Address to the
King, congratulating him on his accession. It was presented at
Carlton House, on the 28th of April, by his Royal Highness the
Duke of Gloucester Chancellor, the Earl of Hardvvicke High Steward,
Mr. Serjeant Frere Vicechancellor, eleven other Heads of Colleges,
and a deputation from the Senate, accompanied by his Royal High-
ness the Duke of Sussex, the Marquess of Lansdowne, the Marquess
Camden, the Marquess Huntley, the Earl of Westmoreland, Earl
Nelson, Viscount Palmerston M.F., Lords Brecknock, Bridport, Comp-
ton, Grey, and Hervey, the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Bishops
of Bangor, Chester, Ely, Exeter, and Salisbury, Hon. C. J. Shore,
Hon. and Rev. Gerard Noel, Sir J. R. Eustace, Hon, and Rev. G.
Wellesley, and about 500 other members of the University.(2)

On Wednesday, the 16th of February, being the day of the funeral
of King George the Third, all the shops were closed, and there was
divine service in all the churches and other places of worship. The
University went in procession to Great St. Mary's, where, after the
Litany had been read by the Junior Proctor, a sermon was preached
by Dr. John Kaye Regius Professor of Divinity, from Prov. xx. 8.
The Mayor and Corporation went in procession to Great St. An-
drew's, where a sermon was preached by the Rev. Walter Gee fel-
low of Sidney College, from Deut. xxxii. 29. In the evening a dumb
peal was rung at Great St. Mary's. (3)

On the 17th of February, the Corporation voted a congratulatory
Address to the King on his accession.!^)

(1) Cambridge Chronicle, 4 Feb. 11 Feb. 1820.

(2) London Gazette, 2 May, 1S20; Cambridge Chronicle, 18 Feb. 5 May, 1820.

(3) Cambridge Chronicle, 18 Feb. 1820.

(4) London Gazette, 25 April, 1820.

528 GEORGE THE FOURTH. [1820

At the Town Election, on the 9th of March, the candidates were
Lieut.-Col. Frederick William Trench, Charles Madryll Cheere Esq.
Henry John Adeane Esq. and George Pryme Esq. The admitted
votes were, Trench, 37 ; Cheere, 37 ; Adeane, 18; Pryme, 16. Thirty-
three inhabitant householders also tendered their votes for Adeane
and Pryme. Mr. Pryme, on the 11th of May, presented a petition
against Mr. Cheere's return, but this petition was not proceeded
v/ith.

A.n Address to the King on his accession, was voted at a County
Meeting, held on the 17th of March. It was moved by the Earl of
Hardwicke, and seconded by the Earl Dc La Warr.(i)

On the 10th of April, a numerous meeting of the inhabitants was
held at the Shire Hall, for the purpose of taking into consideration the
general state of the borough, and for the discussion of the question of
the right of voting. Samuel Pickering Beales Esq. took the chair, and
resolutions were passed expressive of sorrow and indignation at the
continuance of a corrupt system w^hich had for a long period usurped
the administration of the affairs of the town by the exclusion of the
greater number of the inhabitants, and declaring that, through the
secret and unconstitutional influence of a noble family, the inhabitants
were deprived of their just and natural rights, and more especially
of the power to vote in the election of representatives for the town,
a considerable number of the electors being aliens, under illegal and
improper influence. A committee was appointed to take steps for
procuring from the House of Commons a recovery of the ancient
rights and privileges of the inhabitant householders. The Mayor
having refused to convene this meeting, a vote censuring his con-
duct was agreed to. The resolutions were proposed and supported
by Ebenezer Foster Esq. Mr. Charles Claydon, John Finch Esq.
William Searle Esq. Mr. William Swann, George Pryme Esq. Mr.
R. Bevan Turner, Mr. William Barsham, Mr. Weston Hatfield, and
W. G. Ashton, Esq.(2)

On the 16th of July, the Duke of Sussex again visited Cambridge.(3)

In September, five fine ormolu chandeliers for lighting the Town
Hall, were given to the Corporation ; the larger one by the Duke of
Rutland High Steward of the Town ; of the smaller, one pair by
Lieut.-Col. Trench M.P., and the other pair by Charles Madryll
Cheere Esq. M.P.{4)

(1) Cambridge Chronicle, 24 March, 1820.

(2) Unci. ] t April, 1820.

(3) Ibid. 21 July, 1820.

(4.) Corporation Common Day Book, 18 Sept. 1820,

1821] GEORGE THE FOURTH. 529

On the 13th of November, the town was partially illuminated on
account of the abandonment of the Bill of Pains and Penalties against
the Queen. Two hundred and fifty special constables were sworn
in. There were several town and gown riots in the neighbourhood
of the Market Hill. None of the colleges were illuminated.(i)

On the 24th of November, the University voted a loyal Address
to the King, in which they avowed their utter detestation of the
principles and practices of infidelity and faction, and declared that
it was to the wisdom and energy of his Majesty's counsels that they
looked for rescue, under Providence, from impending dangers. This
address was presented at Carlton House, on the 7th of December,
by Dr. Wordsworth Vicechahcellor, eight other Heads of Colleges,
and a deputation from the Senate, accompanied by the Archbishop
of Canterbury, the Bishop of Ely, Viscount Palmerston M.P., the
Earl of Mountcharles, Lord Grey, Lord Gray, Lord Thomas Hay,
Right Hon. John Beckett, Hon. W. Cust, Hon. Mr. Temple, Sir
Henry Russell, Sir R. Anstruther, Sir William Congreve, and Sir John
Singleton Copley Solicitor General.(2)

On the 5th of December, the Corporation voted an Address to the
King, expressive of loyalty and attachment to his person and go-
vernment, and stating that in the aspect of the times they recognized
the workings of the same factious spirit of anarchy which, long since
engendered by infidel philosophy, deluged Europe with its poison,
and devoted the fairest kingdoms to the sanguinary desolation of
revolution. (3)

182L

On the 16th of January, a County Meeting convened by the Sheriff,
in compliance with a requisition from the Duke of Bedford, the
Marquess of Tavistock, Earl Fitzwilliam, Lord F. G. Osborne, Lord
Dacre, Sir George Leeds Bart, and twenty-seven other freeholders,
was held at the Shire Hall, but that building being unable to hold
the large numbers assembled, an adjournment took place to the
Market Hill, the speakers addressing the meeting from the balcony
of the Rose. Lord Dacre proposed and Earl Fitzwilliam seconded
an Address to the King, expressive of zealous attachment to his
royal person and family, the throne, and the constitution, but stating
that his ministers, on account of their unwillingness to adopt mea-

(1) Cambridg-e Chronicle, 17 Nov. 1820.

(2) London Gazette, 9 Dec. 1820; Cambvid^'c Chronicle, 1 Dec. 15 Dec. 1820.
Ci) London Gazette, <) Dec. 1820; Cambridge Chronicle, 8 Dec. 1820.

VOL. IV. ,3 w

530 GEORGE THE FOURTH. [1821

sures for relieving the national distress, and their sanctioning the
proceedings against the Queen, had lost the confidence of the people,
and could no longer be useful or effective advisers of the crown.
Mr. Fordham jun. proposed a resolution, affirming the necessity of
Parliamentary Reform, but the Undersheriff decided it could not be
put, the subject not being mentioned in the requisition. Mr. Merest
(formerly M.P. for Ilchester) supported the address. The Rev. F.
H. Maberley moved an amendment, expressive of the greatest re-
gret and abhorrence at the King's conduct. This amendment, being
received with violent disapprobation, was not pressed. Thomas Bridge
Littel Esq. opposed the address, which was however carried by a
large majority, and on the motion of Francis Pym jun. Esq. of
Kneesworth, it was agreed that it should be presented by the Lord
Lieutenant and the County Members. A counter address, signed by
a considerable number of the nobility, gentry, clergy, and free-
holders, was presented to the King, on the 23rd of February, by
the Duke of Rutland and Earl De La Warr.(i)

On the 22d of January, a meeting of the inhabitants was held at
the Auction Mart, in the Rose Yard. S. P. Beales Esq. in the
chair. Addresses were voted to the King and Queen, as also a
petition to the House of Commons, praying for the restoration of
the Queen's name to the Liturgy, and an inquiry into the conduct
of ministers with respect to the Milan Commission, The address to
the Queen was presented at Brandenburgh House, by Mr. Beales
and a deputation, on the 26th of February. (2)

On the 12th of March, the Senate, by considerable majorities,
voted petitions to both Houses of Parliament against the Roman
Catholic Relief Bills.(3)

A County Meeting, convened by the Sheriff, on the requisition of
fifty-three freeholders, was held on the Market Hill, on the 13th of
March. The Marquess of Tavistock proposed and George Pryme
Esq. seconded resolutions, which affirmed that the existing distress
was occasioned by excessive taxation; that the taxes, grevious as
they were, were rendered still more intolerable by the unconstitutional
and corrupt purposes to which they were applied ; that the then
House of Commons did not fully and fairly represent the people ;
that the real representatives of the people would not have become
the willing instruments of an overwhelming taxation; would not

(1) Cambridge Chronicle, 5 Jan. 19 Jan, 2 March, 1821.

(2) Ibid. 26 Jan. 9 Feb. 2 March, 1821.

(3) Ibid. 16 March, 1821.

1821] GEORGE THE FOURTH. 531

have maiutaincd a large standing army in time of peace; would not
have passed over the barbarous outrages committed at Manchester ;
would not have restricted the right of petition and the liberty of
the press; and would not have sanctioned the exclusion of the
Queen's name from the Liturgj'^, in direct opposition to the earnest
■wishes and religious feelings of the nation ; that a reduction of tax-
ation and the redress of other grievances could not be expected
without a complete and effectual reform of the representation of the
people; that the rights of the Queen ought to be fully acknow-
ledged, and particularly that her name ought to be inserted in the
Liturgy. Sir Charles Wale moved an amendment, that the resolu-
tions were useless, ill-timed, and inexpedient. This was seconded
by Dr. Chafy Master of Sidney College. The resolutions were sup-
ported by the Rev. F. H. Maberley, Mr. Fordham jun. Henry Gun-
ning Esq. Edward King Fordham Esq. and the Duke of Bedford.
The amendment was negatived, and the resolutions were carried by
a large majority. A petition to the House of Commons, founded
on the resolutions, was proposed by Samuel Wells Esq. seconded
by Ebenezer Hollick Esq. and carried.(') •

The population of Cambridge, according to the census of this year,
was as follows : —

Inhabited

Houses.

Families.

Males.

Females.

Total.

172

All Saints ....

175

389

549

938

272

St. Andrew the Great

321

563

704

1267

385

St. Andrew the Less

393

1062

1149

2211

156

St. Benedict . . .

174

462

505

967

132

St. Botolph . . .

136

290

426

716

148

St. Clement . . .

179

375

397

772

146

St. Edward . . .

156

391

419

810

314

St. Giles ....

393

772

863

1635

137

St. Mary the Great

148

414

466

880

110

St. Mary the Less .

132

298

350

648

St. Michael . . .

152

227

379

111

St. Peter ....

130

234

247

481

127

Holy Sepulchre . .

143

291

354

645

327

Holy Trinity . . .

416

815

978

1793

2594

2954

6508

7634

14142

There were 95 families chiefly employed in agriculture, 2123 families
chiefly employed in trade, manufactures, or handicraft ; 67 houses were
building, and 21 were uninhabited. (2)

(1) Cambridge Chronicle, 9 iMarch, 16 March, 1821.

(2) Abstract of Population Returns for 1821 .

^S2 GEORGE THE FOURTH. [182J

In March, Lord Eldon Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain,
acting on behalf of the King as Visitor, gave judgment on two peti-
tions complaining of the election of Henry Godfrey B.D. as President
of Queens' College. The principal points decided were, 1st. The
statutes directing that the President on his election should be ad-
mitted, and prescribing an oath to be taken by him and some other
ceremonies to be performed, held upon evidence of a particular
form of admission, besides the oath and ceremonies mentioned in
the statutes, having been used ; and upon the ground, that in
such offices the admission is generally a distinct act; that the ad-
mission did not consist in taking the oath and going through the
ceremonies mentioned in the statutes, but in the observance of. that
particular form. 2ndly. That consequently the President elect did
not forfeit his office by taking the oath and going through the
statutable ceremonies without having previously subscribed the de-
claration required by the act of uniformity. Srdly. That a practice
having long prevailed of electing two fellow^s of a county for which
the statutes allowed only one, a dispensation from the crown autho-
rizing that practice was to be presumed. The election of Mr. Godfrey
was declared valid, but the costs of all parties and of the Attorney
General were directed to be paid out of the funds of the College.(i)

On the 16th of May, the Court of King's Bench gave judgment
on a presentment against the parish of St, Benedict, for not re-
pairing the road now called the Tennis Court Road, which had
been set out as a private way under the local act for inclosing St.
Thomas's Leys, but had for many years been used by the public
generally without interruption. The Court held the parish not liable
to repair it.(2)

An Act relative to Attornies and Solicitors, which received the
royal assent on the 8th of June, after reciting the statutes 2 Ge(?. II.
c. 23, and 22 Geo. IL c. 46, and an Irish Act, 7 Geo. II. enacts.

That from and after the passing of this Act, in case any person who shall
have taken or who shall take the Degree of Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of
Law, either in the University of Oxford or in the University of Cambridge,
or in the University of Dublin, shall, at any time after he shall have taken or
shall take such Degree, be bound by contract in writing to serve as a Clerk,
for and during the space'' of three years, to an Attorney or to a Solicitor, or
to a Six Clerk duly and legally sworn and admitted under the provisions and
directions of the said recited Acts of the second year and seventh year of the

(1) Jacob's Reports, 1 ; The Case of the President of Queen's College, Cambridge : By
Charles Bowdler Esq.— London. 8vo. 1821.

(2) Barnewall and Aldersou's Reports, iv. 417 ; See Cambridge Chronicle, 19 March, 1819;
17 March, 1820.

1821] GEORGE THE FOURTH. 533

reign of King George the Second, or of this Act, or of any other Act or Acts
in force for the regulation of Attornies and Solicitors, in some or one of the
Courts of Law or Equity in the said recited Acts mentioned, and during the
said term of three years shall continue in such service, and during the whole
time of such three years' service, shall continue and be actually employed by
such Attorney or Solicitor, or Six Clerk, or his or their Agent or Agents, in
the proper Business, Practice or Employment of an Attorney or Solicitor, and
shall also cause an Affidavit, or being one of the people called Quakers, a
solenon Affirmation of himself, or of such Attorney, or Solicitor, or Six Clerk
to whom he was bound as aforesaid, to be duly made and filed, that he
hath actually and really so served and been employed during the said whole
term of three years, in like manner as is required by the said recited Acts
of the second year, and of the seventh year, and of the twenty-second
year of the reign of King George the Second, with respect to Persons by
the said Acts required to serve for the term of five years, shall and may
be qualified to be sworn, or to take his solemn Affirmation, and to be admitted
and enrolled as an Attorney or Solicitor respectively (according to the nature
of his service) in the several and respective Courts of Law or Equity, as fully
and effectually to all Intents and Purposes, as any Person ha\-ing been bound
and having served five years is qualified to be sworn or to take his solemn
Affirmation, and to be admitted or inrolled under or by virtue of the said re-
cited Acts, or any other Act or Acts for the Regulation of Attornies or So-
licitors in England; any thing in the said Acts, or any of them, to the con-
trary in any wise notwithstanding.

This Act also contains the subjoined clauses,

And whereas an Act was made in the Forty First year of the reign of
His late Majesty King George the Third, intituled An Act for the better
Regulation of Public Notaries in England; Be it enacted. That notliing in
the said Act contained shall extend, or be construed to extend, to the Re-
gistrars or Solicitors of the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, or to the
Steward or Solicitor of any College or Hall within the said Universities, or
to the Chapter Clerk of any Cathedral or Collegiate Church, acting only as
such Registrars, Solicitors, Stewards or Chapter Clerks.

Provided always, and be it enacted. That nothing in this Act contained
shall extend or be construed to extend, to any Person who shall have taken
or shall take such Degree of Bachelor of Arts, unless such Person shall have
taken or shall take such Degree within six years next after the day when such
Person shall have been or shall be first matriculated in the said Universities
respectively ; nor to any Person who shall take or shall have taken such
Degree of Bachelor of Law(i) within eight years after such Matriculation; nor
to any Person who shall be bound, by contract in writing, to serve as a Clerk
to any Attorney, Solicitor or Six Clerk, under the provisions of this Act un-
less such Person shall be so bound within four years next after the day when
such person shall have taken such Degree.(2)

(1) The word " unless sucli person shall take or shall have taken such Degree of Bachelor
of Law"' were here omitted by mistake. The error was rectified by Slat. 3 Geo. IV. c. 16.

(2) Stat. 1 & 2 Geo. IV. c. 48, ss. 1 , 3 & 4. This Act so far as relates to Attornies and
Solicitors in England is repealed by Stat. 6 & 7 Vict. c. 73, but its provisions arc re-enactod
by the 7th section of that Act, which extends the same privileges to Bachelors of Arts
and Baclielors of Law of the Universities of Durham and London.

534 GEORGE THE FOURTH. [1822

The Sale of Bread Act, which received the royal assent on the
8th of June, contains a proviso in favour of the privileges of the
University, to the like effect as the proviso in the statute 3 Geo.
III. c. 25.0)

On the 15th of July, his Royal Highness the Duke of Sussex
again visited Cambridge, which he left on the 17th.(2)

On the 19th July, being the day of the Coronation, the University
and Corporation attended service at Great St. Mary's, where a ser-
mon was preached by Dr. Wordsworth Vicechancellor, from Psalm
Ixxxiv. 9, after which Handel's Coronation Anthem was performed.
Upwards of one hundred of the inhabitants dined together at the
Town Hall. The poor of All Saints had a dinner in Jesus College
Cloisters, and there were dinners to the poor in several other
parishes. In the afternoon, there were rustic sports on Parker's
Piece, and in the evening the colleges and town were illuminated.
On the 20th, there was a Coronation Ball at the Town Hall.(3)

This year. Garret Hostel Bridge was once more rebuilt with timber,
at the expence of the Corporation.

On the 12th of December, was tried in the King's Bench, West-
minster, a traverse of a return to a mandamus commanding the
Mayor of Cambridge to admit Thomas Nash to the freedom of the
town. Mr. Nash rested his claim to admission on an immemorial
custom, that all the sons of a freeman born subsequently to their
father's admission were entitled to be admitted freemen on attaining
the age of 21 years, but it appearing that the right of admission
by birth had been from time to time regulated by bye laws, Lord
Chief Justice Abbott directed a verdict for the defendant.C*)

1822.

His Royal Highness the Duke of Sussex arrived at Trinity Col-
lege in the evening of the 2nd of January, and left Cambridge for
Holkham at an early hour on the following morning.(5)

On the 18th of February, the Vicechancellor and twelve other
Heads of Colleges decreed that George Busby White (the Town
Clerk) should be discommuned for a year, in consequence of its

(1) Stat. I & 2 Geo. IV. c. 50, s. 24. Vide ante, p. 325.

(2) Cambridge Chronicle, 20 July, 1821.

(3) Ibid. 20 July, 27 July, 1821.

(4) Ibid. U Dec. 1821, 4 Jan. 1822.

(5) Ibid. 4 Jan. 1822.

1822] GEORGE THE FOURTH. 535

appearing from certain proceedings in the Court of Common PleasC)
and from his own acknowledgment that he did, in 1818, procure for
two students of this University, being then minors, certain sums of
money upon securities entered into by themselves, or others acting
on their behalf. In publishing this decree, the Vicechancellor and
Heads intimated that they had not proceeded with more severity in
consequence of a considerable time having elapsed since the trans-
action occurred, and from their having reason to believe that during
that interval Mr. White had uniformly refused to take any part in
other transactions of a similar kind.

A County Meeting was held on the Market Hill on the 28th of
February, Robert Jones Adeane Esq. High Sheriff presided. The
meeting had been convened, in compliance with a requisition, to
take into consideration the disastrous state of the agricultural in-
terest, and the propriety of petitioning Parliament for relief. Cer-
tain resolutions having been proposed by George Pryme Esq. and
seconded by Jonathan Page Esq. the Rev. George Adam Browne
addressed the meeting on the necessity of Parliamentary Reform,
but was called to order by the Sheriff, who intimated that the sub-
ject was irrelevant, though he should be happy to convene another
meeting to consider the question of reform. After the Rev. F. H
Maberley had spoken upon the necessity of petitioning for reduction
of rent, Francis King Eagle Esq. proposed an amendment, expressive
of the inutility of petitioning the House of Commons, as then con-
stituted, for relief. This amendment, being seconded by Samuel
Wells Esq. supported by S. P. Beales Esq. and opposed by Mr.
Fordham, was carried by a considerable majority.(2)

On the 13th of March, a Grace passed establishing what is termed
a previous examination of candidates for the degrees of B.A. LL.B.
and M.B. The first of these examinations took place in Lent Term
1824, for undergraduates who had commenced their residence in
1822.

The election of Librarian of the University, in the room of the
Rev. Edward Daniel Clarke LL.D., deceased, took place on the 26th of
March. The candidates were, the Rev. John Lodge M.A. fellow of
Magdalene College, and the Rev. James Clarke Franks M.A. Chaplain
of Trinity College. The votes were. Lodge, 139; Franks, 113.

A County Meeting was held on the Market Hill on the 4th of
April. Robert Jones Adeane Esq. Hii^h Sheriff presided. J. D.

(1) See Mencc v. Hammond, Moore's Rcportp.vi. 4P1.

(2) Cambridg-o Chronicle, 1 March, 1822.

536 GEORGE THE FOURTH. [1822

Merest Esq. proposed and the Rev. George Adam Browne seconded
resolutions, affirming the necessity of Parliamentary Reform as the
only means of effectually relieving the existing distress, and pro-
curing a reduction of exorbitant taxation. The Duke of Bedford
supported the resolutions. The Rev. F. H. Maberley, George Pryme,
Thomas Hovell, F. K. Eagle, Samuel Wells S. P. Beales, George
John Fordham, Henry Gunning, and Ebenezer Foster Esquires, also
addressed the meeting, and the resolutions, with a petition to the
House of Commons, founded thereon, were unanimously agreed to.(i)
On the 15th of May, the Senate passed the following Grace:—
Cum per mortem Edvardi Danielis Clarke, nuper Professoris Mineralogici,
munus istud jam vacans existit; Placeat vgbis, ut alius ad idem munus
excquendum a vobis eligatur.

A few days afterwards it became known that the Heads of Col-
leges intended to insist on a right to nominate to this professor-
ship. On the 24th of May, seventy-four resident members of the
Senate(2) signed a memorial to the Vicechancellor and Heads, ob-
jecting to the right of nomination to this professorship, and expressing
a hope that the intention of asserting that right would be abandoned.
On the 27th, the Vicechancellor published a paper, stating that it
having been represented to him that many members of the Senate
consented to the grace of the 15th, under the impression that the
election would proceed without a previous nomination by the
Heads, a grace <o rescind that of the 15th would be offered at
the Congregation on the following day. Such grace was accord-
ingly proposed, but negatived by forty-three against seven. The
Heads then nominated John Stevens Henslow M.A. and Francis
Lunn M.A., both of St. John's College, and the election was fixed
for the 29th, when, after a written protest against the mode of
election by Professor Sedgwick and A. J. Carrighan B.D. of St.
John's College, a great majority of the members of the Senate ten-
dered thair votes for Thomas Jephson B.D. of St. John's College, but
Mr. Henslow, having more votes than Mr. Lunn, was declared duly
elected, and notwithstanding the protest of a great many members
of the Senate, was admitted by the Vicechancellor, who, of course,
refused Mr, Jephson's application for admission. On the 21st of
June, the Court of King's Bench granted a rule, calling on the
Vicechancellor to shew cause why a mandamus should not issue

(1) Cambridge Chronicle, 5 April, 12 April, 1822.

(2) Among-st them were Dr. Monk now Bishop of Gloucester and Bristol, Mr. Musgrave
now Archbishop of Yoik, Mr. Whewell now Master of Trinity Cnlloo-o, and Mr. Peacock
How Dean of Elv.

182-2] GEORGK TUK FOURTH. 537

to admit Mr, Jephson to the Professorship. The case was argued(i)
on the 25th and 28th of November, 1822, and on the 28th and 29th
of April, 1823. In May, 1823, circumslauces occurred which ren-
dered the further discussion of the case in a court of Jaw highly-
inexpedient, and on the 22nd of December, 1S25, the question with
respect to the mode of electing to the Professorships of Mineralogy, (2)
Botany, and Anatomy, was referred by the Senate to Sir John
Richardson, formerly one of the Justices of the Common Pleas.(3)

On the 16th of May, the Senate voted a petition to the House of
Lords, against the Roman Catholic Peers Bill.('*)

On the 22nd of May, the Senate voted £200. towards the relief
of the distress in Ireland. Upwards of £2000. was subscribed for
this purpose in the University, County, and Town. (5)

On the 22nd of May, the Senate voted £200. towards establishing
a clerical seminary at Lampeter, in the diocese of St. David's.(6)

On the 25th of May, the subjoined notice was circulated through-
out the town: —

Zachariah "Whitmore of Philadelphia, North America, begs to inform the
inhabitants of Cambridge that he intends starting from Lynn on his Water
Velocipede at 12 o'clock, and will arrive at Cambridge between 6 and 7 o'clock
in the evening on Whit Monday next.

On Whit Monday (27th May), about 2000 persons assembled on
the banks of the Cam, but after waiting several hours they dis-
covered they bad been hoaxed, and returned home without being
gratified with the sight of Mr. Whitmore or his Water Velocipede.C^)

(1) The Counsel engaged were, for the mandamus, Sir J. S. Copley Solicitor General (now
Lord Lyndhurst), Mr. Scarlett (afterwards Lord Abinger), Mr. Tindal (afterwards Chief
Justice of the Common Pleas). Mr. Starkie, and Mr. Amos; against the mandamus, Mr.
Serjeant Lens, Mr. Littledale (afterwards a Justice of the King's Bench), and Mr. Alderson
(now a Baron of the Exchequer).

(2) The dispute as to the mode of election to this Professorship gave rise to the follow-
ing Publications : —

1. — The Law of Elections in the University of Cambridge, especially in the case of
successors to the Professors. By Professor Christian. — Camb. 8vo. 1822.

2. — An Address to the Senate. By Dr. French Master of Jesus College. — Camb. 8yo.
1823.

3.— A Reply to an Address to the Senate (published by the Master of Jesus College).
By the Rev. Adam Sedgwick M. A. F.R.S. &c. Woodwardian Professor, and fellow
of Trinity College, in the University of Cambridge. — Camb. Svo. 182;^.

4,— Observations upon Professor Sedgwick's Reply to Dr. French's Address to the
Senate. By Dr. French.— Camb. Svo. 1824.

5. — Remarks on the Observations of Dr. French; with an Argument on the Law of
Election to Offices created by the Senate. By the Rev. Adam Sedgwick !M.A.
F.R.S. &c. Woodwardian Professor, fellow of Trinity College, in the University of
Cambridge.— Camb. 8vo. 18:^4.

6. — The King v. The Vice-Chancellor of Cambridge. A Report of the above cause in
the Court of King's Bench, with tlje Proceedings in the University, in opposition
to the right of nominating to the Professorship of Mineralogy, claimed by the
Heads of Colleges. By Henry Gunning Esq. M. A. —Camb. Svo. 1824.

(3) See under the year 1827.

(4) Cambridge Chronicle, 17 May, 1822.

(5) Ibid. 17 May, 7 June, 28 June, 5 July, 12 July, 19 July, 26 July, 1S22.

(6) Ibid. 24 May, 1822.

(7) Ibid. 31 May, 1822.

VOL. IV. 3 X

538 GEORGE THE FOURTH. [1822

On the 28tli of May, a grace passed the Senate, for establishing
an annual voluntary classical examination of those persons who ob-
tain mathematical honours at the examination for the degree of B.A.

On the 24th of June, the royal assent was given to an Act to
authorize the sale and conveyance of ground for the enlargement of
the Public Library and Lecture Rooms in this University, and for
the erection of an Astronomical Observatory in or near the Univer-
sity, and of a Museum for the preservation of the pictures, books,
and other articles, bequeathed to the University by Richard Viscount
Fitzwilliam.(i)

The Alehouse Licensing Act of this year contains a proviso that
it should not extend to alter or in any manner to affect any of the
rights or privileges of the Universities of Oxford or Cambridge, or
the powers of the Chancellors or Vicechancellors of the same as by
law possessed, under the respective charters of the said Univer-
sities.(2)

This year was commenced the erection of the Observatory on a
piece of land, containing upwards of seven acres, near the Madingley
road, in the parish of St. Giles, purchased of St. John's College.
The total cost of and incidental to the building appears to have
been upwards of £19,000,(3) of which £5,644. 155. 0^. was raised by
subscription. ("*) The architect was John C. Mead.

(1) Stat. 3 Geo. IV. c. 17, (private).

(2) Stat. 3 Geo. IV. c. 77, s. 25.

(3) Report of Observatory Syndicate, May 17, 1824. The Syndicate appear to have been
little satisfied with some of the charges brought under their consideration. The gate$
alone cost £G52. I4s.

(4) The University voted £5,000 for the Observatory in 1820, in which year the sub-
scription was commenced. Subjoined are the names of the principal contributors : —

His Royal Highness William Frederick Duke of Gloucester Chancellor of the Univer-
sity, Viscount Palmerston M.P. for the University, John Henry Smyth Esq. M.P. for the
University, Hugh Duke of Northumberland, and John Hutton Esq. M.A. of Christ's College,
£105. each.

Dr. Charles Manners Sutton Archbishop of Canterbury, George Henry Duke of Grafton,
John Henry Duke of Rutland, William Earl of Lonsdale, and Sir Henry Fitzherbert Bart.
£100. each.

Philip Earl of Hardwicke High Steward of the University, John Marquess of Bute,
Thomas Earl of Clarendon, Dr. Bowyer Edward Sparke Bishop of Ely, Hon. Charles Man-
ners Sutton Speaker of the House of Commons, John Lens Serjeant at Law, and Rev. Dr.
Pearson F.R.S. of East Sheen, £52. 10s. each.

Henry Fitzmaurice Marquess of Lansdowne, Frederick Earl of Carlisle, Dr. William
Stuart Archbishop of Armagh, Robert Saunders Viscount Melville, Dr. "William Lort
Mansel Bishop of Bristol, Dr; Herbert Marsh Bishop of Peterborough, George Gough Lord
Calthorp, Sir Richard Sutton Bart, of Trin. Coll. Thomas de Blanc LL.D. Master of Trinity
Hall, William Hyde Wollaston M.D. of Caius College, William Lax M.A. Lowndes's Pro-
fessor of Astronomy, Robert Woodhouse M.A. Lucasian Professor, Thomas Catton B.D.
President of St. John's Coll. John Barber Scott Esq. M.A. of Emmanuel Coll. William Portal
Esq M.A. of St. John's Coll. Thomas Penny White M.A. of Queen's Coll. and Henry
Horatio Hayes M.A. of Trin. Coll. £50. each.

From the Report of the Observatory Syndicate, 1 7 May, 1824, it appears the receipts were,

University £5000 0 0

Subscriptions 5664 15 0

Dividends and Profits upon sale of Stock 1 lOO 13 2

£11,765 8 2

1822] GEORGE THE FOURTH. 539

This year the University gave £1000, and lent £600. at £2. per
cent., for improving the drainage of the town.CH

On the 21st of October, his Royal Highness the Duke of Sussex
again visited Cambridge, where he continued till the 24th.(2)

On the 8th of November, was the election of an Under Library
Keeper. The votes were, Thomas Short, 91 : Richard Rowe, 63.(3)

The election of a Representative in Parliament for the University
to supply the vacancy occasioned by the death of J. H. Smyth
Esq-C-i) took place on the 26th and 27th of November. The candi-
dates(5) were, William John Bankes Esq., Lord Hervey,(6) and James
Scarlett Esq.,Ci') all of Trinity College. The votes were, Bankes, 419 ;
Hervey, 281; Scarlett, 219.(8)

(1) Cambridge Chronicle, 9 Aug. 1822.

(2) Ibid. 25 Oct. 1822.

(3) Ibid. 15 Nov. 1822.

(4) Mr. Smyth died at Hastings, 20 Oct. 1822.

(5) The following also offered themselves but withdrew before the election: Hon*
Charles John Shore, Spencer Perceval Esq. Right Hon. Charles Manners Sutton Speaker
of the House of Commons (afterwards Lord Canterbury), Sir John Singleton Copley Knt.
Solicitor General (now Lord Lyndhurst), and Robert Grant Esq.

(6) Eldest son of the Earl of Bristol. On his father being created Marquess of Bristol
Lord Hervey took the title of Earl Jeimyn. He is now M.P. for Bury St. Edmund's.

(7) Mr. Scarlett, who was a native of Jamaica, was, at the early age of 17, entered as a
fellow commoner of Trinity College, where he took the degree of B.A. 1790, and M.A.
1794. He was called to the Bar by the Society of the Inner Temple, 8th July, 1791.
At the General Election, in 1812, he was an unsuccessful candidate for Lewes, the votes
being, T. R. Kemp Esq. 313; George Shiffner Esq. 164; Scarlett, 154. In March, 1816,
he again contested Lewes, without success, the votes being, Sir John Shelley, 219;
Scarlett, 200. On the 10th Feb. 1819, he was elected for Peterborough, which city he
represented till 1830 (with the exception of a brief interval occasioned by his taking the
Chiltern Hundreds in order to become a candidate for this University). In 1816 he
was appointed a King's Counsel. In 1827 he was made Attorney-General, and received
the honour of knighthood on the 30th of April in that year. In January, 1828, he re-
tired from the office of Attorney-General, but again held the office from May, 1828, to
November, 1880. At the General Election, in 1830, he was returned for Malton ; in
1831, for Cockermouth; and in 1832, for Norwich. In December, 1834, he was made
Chief Baron of the Exchequer, and raised to the peerage by the title of Baron Abingcr.
He died on the circuit, at Bury St. Edmund's, 7th April, 1844, aged 75.

(8) ANALYSIS OF THE PoLL.

VOTERS. B. H. S.

26 St. Peter's College 12 3 li

43 Clare Hall 36 4 3

26 PembrokeHall 19 3 4

44 CaiusCoUege 17 15 12

10 Trinity Hall 8 0 2

22 Corpus Christi College 15 n 2

42 King's College 29 4 9

.^3 Queen's College 20 8 5

21 Catharine Hall 14 3 4

45 Jesus College 22 10 13

28 Christ's College 6 15 7

206 St. John's College 79 103 24

17 Magdalene College 8 5 4

262 Trinity College 79 73 110

5."t Emmanuel College 31 19 3

24 Sidney Sussex College 15 8 1_

7 Downing College -'' 1 1

10 Commorantes in Villa 4 2 4

Tio 419 281 219

540 GEORGE THE FOUETH. [182n

1823.
On the 14th of February, a County Meeting, convened(i) m pur-
suance of a requisition, signed by 1024 freeholders, was held on the
Market Hill. William Rayner Esq. High Sheriff presided. Charles
Beales Esq. proposed and Francis King Eagle Esq. seconded five
resolutions. Of these, four are subjoined, the fifth contained a
petition to the House of Commons, framed in literal accordance
with the other four.

1. That the Freeholders and Inhabitants of the County of Cambridge and
Isle of Ely, anxious to fulfil the purposes for which they have been convened,
in a manner worthy of the character of a free, liberal and enlightened people,
professing and acknowledging one common interest, declare to their fellow-
countrymen, that although in common with other agricultural counties, they
are labouring imder peculiar and extraordinary hardships, they desire no ad-
vantages inconsistent with the general welfare, and in particular they disclaim
the vain and delusive projects which are still in agitation for relieving the
landed interest at the expence of the industrious part of the community, and
that they are ready to co-operate with their fellow-countrymen at large in
rescuing the nation from the sordid tyranny of the borough faction, and re-
storing to the people the exercise of their undoubted right of being fully re-
presented in Parliament.

2. That excessive taxation is the great and paramount grievance of this
kingdom, and the immediate cause of the present unparalleled distress, and
that the taxes which previously to the late change of the currency consumed
so vast a proportion of the annual income of the nation, have been so
enormously increased in their real amount, by the operation of that incom-
plete and ill -digested measure, that they are now rapidly devouring the capital
and fee-simple of the estate of every one who does not in some degree live
upon the public revenue ; and that the Parliament, by restoring cash pay-
ments, without making suitable provisions, has established a legalized system
of confiscation of property throughout the kingdom.

3. That the Landed Interest, besides the general Parliamentary imposts, is
almost exclusively burthened with the maintenance of the poor, with numerous
prisons crowded beyond all precedent, and other grievous charges. That the
enormous revenues of the Clergy are almost wholly derived from the partial
tax, amounting to many millions, which, under the denomination of tithes,
consumes so large a portion of the fruits of the soil, and the agricultural in-
dustry of the country. That the ecclesiastical establishment of England and
Ireland is supported at an expence, which there is reason to believe exceeds
that of all the other Christian churches collectively throughout the world, and
absorbs far too great a portion of the public wealth.

4. That this meeting, rejecting all temporary expedients as inapplicable and
inadequate to the nature and extent of the present distress, and tending to
aggravate the existing evils, is of opinion, that it is absolutely necessary to
have recourse to the following, amongst other decisive remedies : — 1st. An
effectual reform in the Commons House of Parhament. 2nd, A repeal of part

U) Ily Chiibtoplier Puniberton aud William Woodcock Uavnard Esquires, who executed
ihe office of Sheriff' from the death of Kobert Jones Adeane Esq. (10th January, 1823) till
February in this year.

1823] GEORGE THE FOURTII. 541

of the Assessed Taxes, particularly the House and Window Taxes, and the
whole duties on Malt, Hops, Salt, Leather, Soap, and Candles. 3d. The abo-
lition of all sinecure places and offices, and unmerited pensions, and the re-
trenchment of every unnecessary branch of the Public Expenditure, including
a very considerable reduction of the standing army. 4th. A reduction of the
salaries, pensioQs, and emoluments of all necessary public functionaries, in pro-
portion to the increase in the value of money. 5th. The abolition of Tithes
in ecclesiastical hands, and appropriation of their produce to the liquidation
of the Debt, and an equitable commutation thereof in all other cases, with a
due regard to the provision of an adequate and ample remuneration for the
Clergy, and to the vested interests of the rights of private patrons in advowsons.
6th. A more equitable distribution amongst the efficient Clergy, of the re-
venues of those immense landed estates, which are the undoubted property of
the public, but are enjoyed by Ecclesiastical individuals and Corporations.
7th. A sale of the National Estates, called the Crown Lands, and an appropriation
of their produce to the liquidation of the Debt. 8th After all the above mea-
sures have been had recourse to, a reduction of the Interest of the National
Debt in proportion to the increased value of the currency, and an assessment
of Funded Property towards the maintenance of the Poor,(l)

The Rev. F. H. Maberlev proposed, as an amendment, 1st. A
petition to the King, to dismiss the Ministers : 2ndly, A petition to
the House of Commons for reform, redaction of taxes, reduction
of the army, abolition of sinecures, and the repeal of oppressive acts
against liberty: 3rdly, A petition to the House of Lords, to blot
from their Journals all proceedings against the Queen. George
Fordham Esq. supported the original resolutions. Mr. MaberJey's
amendment being negatived, George Pryme Esq. proposed, and
Henry Gunning Esq. seconded, that the 3rd and 4th resolutions
should be omitted. Samuel Wells Esq. supported the resolutions.
Mr. Pryme's amendment was negatived, and the original resolutions
carried by a large majority. The Sheriff declining to sign the
petition, it was resolved that five freeholders should do so on be-
half of the meeting. Lord F. G. Osborne agreed to present the
petition, but said his duty would be a painful one, as he regretted,^
for the honour of the county, that the meeting had thought proper
to pass resolutions sanctioning an interference with property, as
well secured by law as was his own or that of any gentleman
around him. (2)

On the 19th of February, the Senate, by a considerable majority,
voted a petition to the House of Commons, against admitting the
Roman Catholics to political power.('')

(1) These resolutions were in a great measure founded upon the petition carried on
the motion of William Cobbett at the Norfolk JUIeeting, 3d January, 1823.

(2) Cambridge Chronicle, 31 Jan. 21 Feb. 23 Feb. 7 March, 1823.

(3) Ibid. 21 Feb. 18 April, 18W.

542 GEORGE THE FOURTH. [1823

At the election of an Under Library Keeper on the 14th of March,
the votes were, Richard Rowe, 120; Richard Hutt, 17.(i)

On the 16th of April, the Senate unanimously voted petitions to
both Houses of Parliament, for the gradual extinction of slavery in
the West Indies.(2)

On the 24th of April, a Grace offered to the Senate for petitions
against the Irish Tithe Commutation and Composition Bills was
negatived by a large majority. (3)

On the 7th of May, a petition was presented to the House of
Commons, from the inhabitants of Cambridge, praying for the total
abolition of slavery in the British dominions. (4)

This year the Great Bridge was rebuilt by a subscription, which
exceeded £2400. Amongst the contributions were the Conservators of
the Cam, £400; the University, £200; Magdalene College, £200; the
Corporation, £150; Hobson's Feoffees, £75 ; the Duke of Rutland High
Steward of the Town, £75; Messrs. Richard, Ebenezer, and Richard
Foster bankers, £75; His Royal Highness the Duke of Gloucester
Chancellor of the University, the Earl of Hardwicke Lord Lieu-
tenant of the County and High Steward of the University, and
Lord Braybrooke, £50. each ; Trinity Hall, £50 ; Dr, Sparke Bishop
of Ely, £40; Lord C. S. Manners M.P., Lieut.-Col. Trench M.P.,
and C. M. Cheere Esq. M.P. £35. each ; Thomas Hovell Esq. £30 ;
Messrs. Charles Finch and Son, £30 ; King's College, £25 ; Clare
Hall, £21 ; Christ's College, £21 ; Corpus Christi College, £21 ;
Trinity College, £21 ; Catharine Hall, £21 ; Sidney College, £21 ;
Hon. and Rev. George Neville M.A. Master of Magdalene College,
John Finch Esq. and W. J. Bankes Esq. M.P. £21. each; Earl De
La Warr, Thomas Mortlock Esq. £20 each; Messrs. Hollick, Nash,
and Searle bankers, £20. The new bridge, which was of iron, was
designed by Arthur Brown, and erected under the superintendence
of the County Magistrates.

On the 2d of July, the first stone of the new buildings of Corpus
Christi College was laid by Philip Earl of Hardwicke High Steward
of the University, attended by the Vicechancellor, Heads of Houses,
Noblemen, Doctors, Professors, Proctors, and other officers and members
of the University, who walked in procession from the Senate House,
and the Master, Fellows, and other members of the Society. The

(!) Cambridge Chronicle, 21 March, 1823.

(2) Ibid. 18 April, 1823.

(3) Ibid. 25 April, 1823.

(4) Ibid. 25 April, 9 May, 1823,

1823] GEORGE THE FOURTH. 5^3

new buildings were designed by William Wilkins Esq. M.A. of
Caius College. They consisted of a Hall, Chapel, Library, Master's
Lodge, and numerous apartments for the fellows and scholars. In
short, the College was almost entirely rebuilt in this and the four
following years, at an expence of £71,000., principally arising from
the benefactions of Dr. Thomas Herring Archbishop of Canterbury,
Dr. Matthias Mawson Bishop ol" Ely, and Dr. John Green Bishop
of Lincoln, the interest on which had been allowed to accumulate
for many years.C)

On the 3rd of July, at a public meeting of the inhabitants, held
at the Shire Hall, resolutions were passed, expressive of sympathy
with the people of Spain in their efforts for constitutional freedom,
and a committee was appointed to collect subscriptions for the
Spanish cause.(^)

On the 12th of August, being the King's birth day, the first stone
of a new court at Trinity College was laid by the Right Honourable
Charles Manners Sutton Speaker of the House of Commons (de-
puted by his Majesty to represent him on the occasion), attended
by the Vicechancellor, High Steward, Noblemen, Heads of Houses,
Doctors, Professors, Proctors, and other officers and members of the
University, who came in procession from the Senate House, and the
Master, Fellows, Scholars, and others of the Society. This new
court, called the King's Court, was designed by William Wilkins
Esq. M.A. of Caius College. The King contributed £1000. in aid of
the funds for its erection. (3)

This year, the Town was lit with gas. Oil gas was at first used,
but a few years afterwards coal gas was substituted.

On the 7th of October, his Royal Highness the Duke of Sussex
again visited Cambridge, which he left the following morning for
Holkham.(4)

This year, two wings were added to Addenbrooke's Hospital, and
the colonnade in front was erected from a design of Charles Hum-
frey Esq.

At an election, on the 24th of November, by the parishioners of
the Holy Sepulchre, of a perpetual curate of that parish, the votes
were, Hastings Robinson M.A. fellow and tutor of St. John's Col-
lege, 3G; Richard Rowland Faulkner B.D. of St. John's College, 34;
Francis Russel Hall B.D. fellow of St. John's College, 14.(5) Mr.

(1) Masters, Hist, of Corp. Chr. Coll. ed Lamb, 261-2GC.

(2) Cambridge Chronicle, 4 July, 1823.

(3) Ibid. 15 Aug. 182,3.
(t) Ibid, 10 Oct. 182.{.
^5) Ibid. 2S Nov. 1823.

544 GEORGE THE FOURTH, [1824

Faulkner afterwards instituted proceedings in the Court of King's
Bench with reference to this election, and that Court held it to be
void in consequence of the votes having been taken by ballot. It
iras also decided that certain persons who had not paid church-
rates were not thereby disqualified from voting.(i) Ultimately Mr.
Faulkner was appointed curate,

1824.

This year, a petition from the inhabitants of the town was presented
to the House of Commons, praying for its prompt and powerful
influence in behalf of the slave population in the colonies.(2)

At a public meeting of the inhabitants, convened by the Mayor, and
held at the Shire Hall, on the 27th of February, it was unanimously
agreed to present two petitions to the House of Commons, one for
repeal of the duties on sea-borne coals, the other in favour of a bill
for extending the jurisdiction of County Courts. (3)

The Cambridgeshire Horticultural Society was established at a
meeting held at the Red Lion, on the lOth of March; the Earl of
Hardwicke K.G. in the Chair.(0

On the 26th of March, George Henry Storie LL.B. of Trinity Hall,
was adjudged by the Vicechancellor and Heads, to be suspended
from his degree for a year, for using gross and abusive language to
Richard Dufficld B.D. of St. John's Coriege.(5)

On the ord of April, John Lane was executed at the Castle, for
a rape at Cheveley.(5)

In or about May, this year, the new buildings at King's College,
designed by William Wilkins Esq. M.A. of Caius College, were com-
menced. They were completed in 1828.

On the 19th of May, a Grace passed, rescinding graces of 25
January, 1781,(') and 9 April, 1807, by which persons having private
tutors during the last year and a half preceding the time of taking
their degree of B.A. were precluded from taking Honors: and to
preclude those persons from taking Honors in future who should
have private tutors in the University during the last six month*
preceding their admission " ad respondendum qu3estioni,"(*>

(1) Barnewell & Cresswell's Reports, iv. 449,

(2) Cambridge Chronicle, 13 Feb. 1824.

(3) Ibid. 5 March, 1824.

(4) Ibid. 12 March, 1824.

(5) Ibid. 2 April, 1824.

(6) Ibid. 9 April, 1824.

(7) Vide ante. p. 400.

^8) Cambridg-c Chronicle, 21 May, 1324.

182;31 GEORGE THE FOURTH. 545

The Sale of Bread Aet, passed on the 3rd of June,(i) contains a
proviso for the privileges of the Universities, to the like effect as
that in the Act of the 3rd George Ill.(2)

The Beer Act, passed on the 5th of June, empowering brewers
and others to retail and sell beer on taking out a licence for that
purpose, contains a proviso that within the limits of the Universities
of Cambridge and Oxford^ all persons applying for such licences
should apply to the persons theretofore granting common ale li-
cences, who should or might grant the same, in the same manner
and according to the same rules and usages by which they had been
accustomed to grant the said last-mentioned licences ; any thing in
that or any other act or acts of Parliament to the contrary thereof
notwithstanding.(3)

In this and the following year, a steam packet plied be-
tween Cambridge and Lynn, making two voyages either way each
week.('l)

His Royal Highness the Duke of Sussex visited Cambridge on
the Sth of November, and remained here till the 10th.(5)

On the lOtli of December, about ten in the morning, a fire broke
out in the unfinished buildings of the King's Court, at Trinity Col-
lege. The flames were speedily subdued, but not until property
worth about £250. had been destroyed.(6)

A Grace to exempt persons of sixty years of age from being
compelled to serve the office of Vicechancellor, was, on the
15th of December, rejected in the Non-Regent House by 24
against 7.

1825.

On the 9th of February, the Court of King's Bench discharged a
rule obtained by the Rev. Dr. Geldart and others, calling on the
Churchwardens of St. Andrew the Less to shew cause why a writ
of mandamus should not issue, commanding them to repair the
church of that parish.C?)

(1) Stat. 5 Geo. IV. c. SO, s. 2.

(2) Vide ante, p. 325.

(3) Stat. 5 Geo. IV. c 54. s. 0.

(4) Cambridge Chronicle, ?.0 July, 1824 ; 17 June, 1825.

(5) Ibid. 12 Nov. 1824.

(6) Ibid, l7Dec.l82-l.

(/") Ibid. II Feb. 25 Feb. 1835.

VOL. IV. 3 Y

546 GEORGE THE FOURTH. [1825

A Grace, to confirm the report of a Syndicate in favour of the
purchase, by the University, of Mr. Dodwell's collection of Draw-
ings,(i) was, on the 23rd of February, rejected in the Non-Regent
House by 49 against 13.

On the 8th of March, the Senate voted petitions to both Houses of
Parliament against any further concessions to the Roman Catholics.
The votes were : Non-Regents, Placets, 47 ; Non-Placets, 23 : Re-
gents, Placets, 23; Non-Placets, 15.

On the 18th of March, the following Grace passed, requiring
noblemen to be examined before admission to any degree : —

QuuM in capite 2V^^ Statutorum Reginae Elizabethse anno 12mo editoruin
Nobilibus ct Nobilium Filiis concedatur ut eoruni admissio stet iis pro com-
pletis gradu et forma, adeo tamen ut penes Vos arbitrium sit adrnissionis con-
ditiones illis prajscribendi, ex Quum plurimum tarn ad Academice honorum,
quam ad Juvenum ipsorum apud Vos commorantium utilitatem intersit, ut
nemo ad gradum prius admittatur, quam de ejus progressu in studiis Acade-
micis Vobis constiterit : Placeat Vobis, ut neque Nobilibus, neque Nobilium
Filiis, neque iis qui pro Nobilibus habendi sint secundum Interpretationem die
Mali 31^*1 1786(2) datam, stet in posterum ipsorum admissio pro completis
gradu et forma, nisi prius eodem modo examinati fuerint atque approbati, quo
alii qui admittantur ad respondendum qua^stioni. Proviso tamen, ut illis
post novem terminos completes (primo et ultimo exceptis) examinationem su-
bire liceat. Proviso quoque, ne hac vestra Gratia vel ad examinationem
subeundam astringantur Juvenes isti quorum nomina in Album CoUegii alicu-
jus jam relata sunt, vel tollatur laudabilis ista, quse semper apud Vos invaluit,
consuetude A^iros maturioi-is eetatis, et quum natalibus turn meritis vel in rem-
publicam vel in bonas literas illustres, gradu Academico ornandi, nulla ter-
minorum atque exercitiorum ratione habita.

At a meeting of owners and occupiers of land, held at the Red
Lion, on the 9th of April, Mr. Robert Moyse in the chair, resolu-
tions condemnatory of suggested alterations in the Corn Laws were
proposed by Mr. William Thurnall, seconded by Mr. Nash, and
carried unanimously.(2)

In consequence of several members of the University having been
in the practice of horse racing in the neighbourhood of Cambridge,
Dr. Le Blanc Vicechancellor, on the IGth of May, published a
cautionary notice, that persons, in statu pupilari, found guilty of
riding any such race, or betting upon, or being present at any such
race, would be proceeded against and punished with the utmost severity.

(1) This collection was formed by Mr. Dodwell in Greece, in 1801, 1805, and 1806.
The drawings were 67 in number, 57 were coloured, the remainder executed by the pen.
30 had been engraved. They were mostly executed by an Italian artist named Pomardi,
who accompanied Mr. Dodwell; those which were designed by Mr. Dodwell were after-
wards filled up and finished either by Pomardi, or by an ai'tist at Rome named Giuntatardi,
The price required was £500, which the Syndicate were assured by artists and travellers
was much below their intrinsic value.

(2) Vide ante, p. 418.

(3) Cambridge Chronicle, 15 .\pril, 1835.

. ^, GEORv.^ in£ FOURTH. 547

On the 1st of June, a Grace passed, in pursuance of the recom-
mendation of a Syndicate, regulating the fees on matriculations,
which were (including the stamp duty) fixed as follows : Nobleman,
£10; Fellow Commoner, £5; Pensioner, £2. 10s.; Sizar, £1. 5s.

On the 3rd of June, the labourers employed in digging under the
site of an old house in Benet-street, taken down to make additions
to the Eagle Inn, discovered two earthen vessels, containing great
numbers of gold and silver coins, principally of the reign of James
the First and Charles the First. On the 4th of February, in the
following year, these coins were presented as treasure trove, by an
inquisition taken before Aaron Chevell one of the coroners for the
town. The Corporation laid claim to them, but did not prosecute
the claim in the Court of King's Bench, into which court the inqui-
sition was moved by certiorari. The Lords of the Treasury ulti-
mately presented them to Corpus Christi College, on condition of
their paying the law expences, and giving gratuities to the mason
and his labourers. The coins produced, clear of auction expences,
£192. lis. 2d. According to the inquisition there were 195 pieces of
gold coin, weighing, in all, 34 oz. 5 dwt. ; and 3510 pieces of silver
coin, weighing, in ail, 289 oz. 15 dwt.O

This year was established The University Life Assurance Society,
for effecting assurances on the lives of persons whose names are or
have been on the boards of any college at either of the Universities
of Oxford or Cambridge. The Society was incorporated by Royal
Charter in 1826.

On the 16th of June, died Gilbert Ives, of St. Benedict's, barber
and bookseller. By his will<2) he gave to the Churchwardens and
Overseers of St. Benedict's (after the decease of certain annuitants)
£800., for the erection and endowment of four almshouses for aged
and infirm persons of either sex, and £100., the interest of which,
together with the interest of the like sum, given by him in his life-
time, to be distributed about St. Thomas's Day, to the necessitous
and deserving poor of that parish, the sexton to have 10s. annually
for keeping up his grave. He had given to that parish, in 1806,
£30., as a stock for the use of the acting overseer; and in 1818 a
piece of freehold ground, at Barnwell, for the erection of a work-
house for the parish of St. Benedict. By his will he also gave to
the Master and fellows of Corpus Christi College £500., in trust,

(1) Cambridge Chronicle, 10 June, 1825; 10 Feb. 1820; Jervis, Office and Duties of Co
roners, 302; Masters. Hist, of Corp. Chr. Coll, ed. Lamb. 266.

(2) Dated 24th December, 1821; Codicil dated 9th of February, 1825.

548 GEORGE THE FOURTH. [1825

that they apply the interest thereof to such charitable purposes as,
in their opinions, will relieve the greatest sum of human wretched-
ness; to Addenbrooke's Hospital, £100.; to St. Edward's parish,
£200. ; to the Literary Society at the Black Bull, in aid of their
benevolent fund, £200. ; to the Benevolent Society of Cambridge, for
the relief of the sick and aged poor, at their own habitations, £100. ;
" to Mr. Thomas Case, of St. Audrevv's-street, taylor, towards sup-
porting his Asylum for destitute animals," £19. 19^.; to the Nor-
wich Hospital, £200. ; to the parish of St. Peter Mancroft, Norwich,
£200.(1)

The Excise Licence Act, passed 27th of June, contains a proviso
that nothing in that Act contained should in any wise prejudice the
privileges theretofore used and enjoyed by any University in the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, or the respective
Chancellors or Scholars of the same respectively, but that they
might use and enjoy such privileges as they had theretofore law-
fully used and enjoyed the same.l2)

On the 5th of July, the royal assent was given to " An Act for
the better Preservation of Peace and good Order in the Universities
of England," which (with the exception of the 3rd section, relating
exclusively to Oxford) is subjoined: —

"Whereas it is expedient to add to the means anciently provided for main-
taining Peace and good Order in the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge :
Bk it enacted by the King's Most Excellent Majesty, by and with the ad-
vice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons in this
present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, That it shall
be lawful for the Chancellor or Vice-Chancellor of the said Universities re-
spectively, to appoint such number of able men as he shall think fit to be
Constables in and for the said Universities respectively, who shall continue in
Office either during good behaviour or during pleasure, or for such period of
time, either defined or dependent on future circumstances, as such Chancellor
or Vice Chancellor shall direct ; and to every man so appointed such Chancel-
lor or Vice-Chanccllor shall administer an oath well and faithfully to execute
the Office of Constable, within the precincts of the University for which he
shall be appointed, during his continuance in Office, and shall deliver to every
such man a certificate of his having been so sworn, expressing the duration of
his continuance in Office, which certificate shall be evidence of his having been
duly appointed ; and every man so sworn shall have full power to act as a
Constable within the precincts of the University for which he shall be ap-
pointed, and four miles of the same University, for the time expressed in the
certificate, unless he shall be sooner dismissed therefrom by the Chancellor or
the Vice-Chancellor for the time being; and shall, within the precincts of the Uni-
versity, and four miles of the same, and during his continuance in Office, be

(1) Masters, Hist, of Corp. Clir. Coll. cd. Lamb, 433 ; Reports of Charity Commissioners,
xxxi. 46, 47. 50.

(2) Stat. 6 Geo. IV. c. SI, s. 30.

1825] GEOIIGE THE FOUrtTII. 549

subject to the like powers and authorities of His Majesty's Justices of the
Peace within the limits of their respective jurisdictions, as other Constables
are subject to, and have and enjoy all such powers and authorities, privileges,
immunities, and advantages as any Constable hath or shall have within his
constablewick : Phovided always, that every such Constable, for any act
done by him in the execution of his Office, shall be liable to be sued or in-
dicted in the Courts of Common Law, notwithstanding such Constable may be
a Member of the University, and notwithstanding any claim of cognizance or
privilege whatsoever.

II. And be it FUUXiiiiU enacted, That in the absence of the Chancellor
and Vice-Chancellor,* it shall be lawful for any Pro-Vice-Chancellor, or Deputy
Vice-Chancellor, to execute the powers given by this Act.

IV. And I5E IT FURTHER ENACTED, That this Act shall be deemed to be
a Public Act; and shall be judicially taken Notice of as such by all Judges,
Justices, and other Persons Avhomsoever, without being specially pleaded. (1)

On tlie 20th of August, his Royal Highness the Duke of Sussex,
visited Cambridge, where he continued till the 23rd, when he left for
Nevvstead Abbey. His Royal Highness, on the 7th of November,
passed through Cambridge on his way from Holkham to Kensington
ralace.(2)

On the 31st of August, the first stone of the Gisborne Court of
St. Peter's College was laid by William M'Intosh Brookes, the
architect.(3)

This year the Corporation voted an Address to his Royal High-
ness the Duke of York, thanking him for his firm, patriotic, and
constitutional resistance to Catholic Emancipation, evinced by his
speech upon that subject in the House of Lords. (*) They also voted
him the freedom of the town. The address was presented at Cheveley,
the seat of the Duke of Rutland High Steward of the town, on the
7th of October, the Mayor, Aldermen, Common Council, and a
number of the Burgesses proceeding to that place in twelve car-
riages, and partaking there of an elegant cold collation.(5)

On the 16th of September, died, in St. Edward's workhouse, aged
63, " the eccentric and well-known James Gordon, of this town. In
*' early life this extraordinary character had a fair prospect of excel-
" ling in his profession of an attorney ; ho was an excellent scho-
*« lar, and possessed considerable attainments ; a strong and ardent
" mind procured him the esteem of many friends, while his convivial
" talents, his wit and eloquence rendered him the delight of the
" social board — when severe disappointment crossed his path, and

(1) Stat. 6 Geo. IV. c-. 97.

(2) Cambridg-e Chronicle, 26 Aug. 11 Nov. 1S25.
(.3) Ibid. 9 Sept. 1825.

(4) 25 April, 18>'5

(5) Cambrid-e Chronicle, 14 Oct. lS2f..

^^^ GEORGE THE FOURTH. ^WSf

" destroyed the hopes of his youth — the bottle unfortunately became
" his fatal resource. Then how rapid was his fall to the lowest
" state of misery and desolation. Although the inmate of a work-
" house for the last few months, he owed not his sustenance to
" parochial relief; a small annuity bequeathed him by a relation
" having saved him from that degradation. "(i)

On the 10th of October, Dr. Le Blanc Vicechancellor published a
notice, desiring all persons in statu pupillari strictly to attend to
the existing regulation of the University, that they were at all times
^to appear in their proper academical dress.

On the 7th of December, a Grace passed for appointing Professor
Starkie, Mr. Tindal of Trinity College (afterwards Chief Justice of
the Common Pleas), and Mr. Alderson of Caius College (now Baron
of the Exchequer), Counsel to the University. There was a division
in the Non- Regent House, but the grace was carried there by 29
against 7.(2)

On the 7th of December, a Grace passed to increase the funds for
the purchase of books for the Library, by a contribution of Is. 6d.
from each member of the University, except Sizars. In the Non-
Regent House there were, Placets, 31 ; Non-Placets, 12.

1826.

On the 17th and l8th of January, was tried before Lord Tenten-
den and a Special Jury, in the King's Bench, Westminster, an action
by Joseph Brett Lessee of the Corporation of Cambridge against
Samuel Pickering Beales, Charles Beales, and Patrick Beales, to re-
cover tolls alledged to be due for loaded carts and waggons coming
into and going out of the town, ac the rate of twopence each cart
or waggon. The verdict was for the defendants. A new trial being
afterwards applied for, the rule was enlarged till after the trial of
another action brought by Brett against Messrs. Fisher.(3)

On the 22nd of February, the Senate voted petitions to both
Houses of Parliament for the gradual abolition of colonial sla-
very. In the Non-Regent House there were Placets, 20; Non-
Placets, 4.

(1) Cambridge Chronicle, 23 Sept. 1825. See also Cambridge Chronicle, 2 Feb. 13 April,
1793, Sir E. Lvtton's Pelham and Hone's Every Day Book, 697, 1294. [In the latter
■work, at p. 129*4, for "St. Leonard's" read "St. Edward's," and at p. \2'Jb, for " Mr.
Gordon" read " Mr. Goode."]

(2) Graces for appointing Mr. Tindal and Mr. Alderson had been thro^-n out in the
Caput on the 23rd of February and the 4th of May. On the latter day a grace in favour
of Professor Starkie was also thrown out in the Caput.

(3) See under the years 1827 and 18'^9.

1826] GEORGE THE FUUKTH. 551

On the 7th of March, a County Meeting, convened by Thomas
Skeels Fryer Esq. High Sheriff, and over -which he presided, was
held at the Shire Hall, to consider the propriety of petitioning both
Houses of Parliament to carry into effect the measures respecting
the mitigation and ultimate abolition of colonial slavery, which were
proposed by Mr. Canning, and unanimously adopted by Parliament
in May, 1823. In consequence of the pressure of the crowd into
the Shire Hall, it became necessary to adjourn to the Town Hall.
Resolutions in favour of' the mitigation and abolition of slavery
were proposed by Francis Pym Esq. seconded by the Reverend
James Seholefield M.A. Eegius Professor of Greek, and supported
by Major-General Sir Charles Wale and the Rev. F. H. Maberley.
Samuel Wells Esq. proposed, and Mr. John Headly, of Stapleford,
seconded an amendment, expressive of an opinion that the dis-
tressed and degraded state of the people of the United Empire had
prior claims on the sympathy and exertion of all classes of the
kingdom. The Sheriff declined to take the sense of the meeting
upon this amendment, as it introduced a topic not included in the
requisition. Mr. Wells then left the Hall, and the original resolu-
tions were carried unanimously. The Rev. William Parish M.A.
Jacksonian Professor proposed and Charles Mortlock Esq. seconded
petitions in accordance with the resolutions. These were carried.
Lord, F. G. Osborne M.P., Ebenezer Foster Esq., Rev. Samuel Thodey,
E. K. Fordham Esq., and R. Foster, jun. Esq. also addressed the
meeting.C)

On the 5th of May, the Senate voted £500. in aid of the dis-
tressed manufacturers. 'I'rinity College also voted £100. for the
same purpose, and about £450. was collected in the town.(2)

On the 17th of May, the Senate voted a sum not exceeding
£1350. for building a vicarage house at Burwell.

An Act of Parliament, passed on the 2Gth of May, enacted that
the proviso in the Attornies' Act of 1 and 2 Geo. IV. c. 48,(3)
should not apply to persons who had taken the degrees of B.A. or
LL.B. before the passing of the last-mentioned act.i'D

At the Election for the Town on the 9th of June, George Pryme
Esq. was proposed in opposition to the former members. Colonel
Trench and the Marquess Graham. The votes were, Graham, 24;
Trench, 23; Pryme, 4.

(1) Cambridge Chronicle, 10 March, 1826.

(2) Ibid. 12 May, 26 May, 2 June, 1826.
(S) Vide ante, p.r>3.'.

(4) Stat. 7 Geo. IV. c. 44, s. 5.

552 GEORGE THE FOURTH. 1826-j

At the election of Representatives in Parlianient for the University,
the former members, Viscount Palmerston and Wm. John Bankes
Esq. were opposed by Sir John Singleton CopleyC) Knt. Attorney-
General, and the Right Hon. Henry Goulburn,<2) both of Trinity
College. The poll was taken on the 13th, 14th, 15tb, and 16th of
June. The votes were, Copley, 772 ; Palmerson, 031 ; Bankes, 508 ;
Goulburn, 437.(^3

At the. Election for the County, the old members. Lord Charles
Somerset Manners and Lord Francis Godolphin Osborne, offered
themselves as candidates ; but on the day of election two freeholders
proposed PTenry John Adeane Esq. of Babraham, who positively
refused to become a candidate, and declared his resolution not to
serve if elected. The shoTv of hands was in favour of Mr. Adeane
and Lord F. G. Osborne, but at the close of the poll, taken on Par-
ker's Piece (on the 22nd, 23rd, 24th, 26th, 27th, 28th, and 29th of
June), the numbers were. Manners, 1394; Osborne, 897; Adeane, 627.

(1) Son of John Singleton Copley, a painter of celebrity, was second wrangler in 1794
was elected fellow of J'rinity Callege, and called to the bar. In 1813 he was made Ser-
jeant-at-Law. In 1818 he w"a9 elected member for Ashburion, being then, or soon after-
wards, Chief Justice of Chester. In 1819 he was appointed Solicitor-General and knighted.
In 1824 he succeeded to the office of Attorney- General. In 1826 he was made Waster
of the Rolls, and elected Recorder of Bristol. In April, 18-37, he became Lord Chancel-
lor, and was created Baron Lyndhurst. He resigiied the great seal in Michaelmas Term.
1830, and in Hilarj Term, 1831. he was constituted Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer,
which office he vacated in December, 1834, when he again received the great seal, which
he resigned in Easter Term, iHli^t. In September, iSil, he received the great seal a third
time, and held it till Juh, 184G He was elected High Steward of this University in
1840.

(2) Mr. Goulburn, who was born in 1784, was educated at Trinity College, B.A. 1805,
M.A. 1808. During Lord I/iverpool's and the two preceding administrations he was suc-
cessively Chief Secretary for Ireland and Under Secretary fcr the Colonies, being re-
turned "to Parliament for St. Germains, West Looe. and other lioroughs. He was made
a member of the Privy Council in 1821. In 182G he was returned to Parliament for Armagh,
which city he represented till 1«31, when he was elected for this University, which he
has ever since rejiresented. He was Chancellor of the Exchequer from January, 1828,
to November, 18*0, and Secretary of State for the Home Department from December,
1834, to April, 1835, On the 27ih of May, 1839, he was proposed as Speaker of the House
of Commons but was not successful, the votes being, Charles Shaw Lefevre, 317; Goul-
burn, 29!). He was Chancellor of the P:xchequer from September, 184!, to July, 1816,

(3) Analy-sis of the Poll.

VOTERS. V. p. B. G,

39 St. Peter's College 27 14 19 9

^n Clare Hall 31 9 .S9 U

37 Pembroke Hall 34 12 12 13

64 Caius College 49 24 30 17

22 Trinity Hail l(i 5 U 3

29 Corpus Christi College 20 9 12 14

47 King's College 28 17 29 1(»

48 Queen's College 2.0 14 27 25

25 Catharine Hall 18 9 9 10

.53 Jesus College 39 28 18 9

42 Christ's College 23 17 Ifi 20

.308 St. John's College IfiS 195 94 98

24 Magdalene College 9 15 S 9

38.'; Trinity College 203 224 110 156

7fi Emmanuel College .'59 19 44 22

31 Sidney Sussex College 20 12 29 7

8 Downing College 4 5 .'') 0

f) Commorantes in VillS 2 .1 2 1

1293 772 fi31 508 437

1827J GEORGE THE FOURTH. 553

On the 8th of July, was established the Philo-Union or Cam-
bridge Literary Society, for the discussion of all topics except those
of a theological nature. The members are, with few exceptions,
inhabitants of the town. The number of members has fluctuated
at different periods, but has greatly increased since a news room
has been opened in connection with the society.

At the Summer Assizes, John Simpson Redhead, Charles Willi-
mott, Samuel Bowman, James How, William Glover, Robert Bur-
rows, Charles Edwards, and James Raby, were tried before Lord
Chief Justice Best, for having, in company with others, on the 5th
of November preceding, assaulted the Proctors and other officers of
the University, in the execution of their duty. Charles Williraott
was acquitted; the others were convicted and sentenced to terms
of imprisonment, varying from one to twelve months.

On the 15th of November, the Senate voted £50. towards rebuild-
ing the English Church at Amsterdam. In the Non-Regent House
there were, Placets, 12; Non-Placets, 2.

On the 2ud of December, Dr. Wordsworth Vicechancellor published
a notice that no licence to receive unmarried lodgers would, in
future, be granted to occupiers of houses situate beyond the Ely and
the St. Neots roads, on the north side of the town ; on the east,
beyond the extremity of Rhadegund Buildings ; and on the south,
beyond the road leading from Trumpington-street to Regent-street.

1827.

Saturday the 20th of January, being the day appointed for the
funeral of His Royal Highness the Duke of York, the market was
closed at twelve o'clock, when many of the shops were closed, and
the minute bells of the several churches were tolled. In the evening
a dumb peal was rung at Great St. Mary's. On the 23rd, the Cor-
poration voted an Address of Condolence to the King on occasion
of the Duke's death.

Petitions were, this year, presented to both Houses of Parliament,
from owners and occupiers of land, in the county of Cambridge,
praying for protection to agriculture in case any alteration were
made in the Corn Laws.

A Grace, to extend the grace for Select Preachers at Great St.
Mary's to the morning as well as the afternoon sermons, was offered
to the Senate on the 7th of March, and rejected in the Non-Regent
House by 15 against 8.

VOL. IV. 3 z

554 GEORGE THE FOURTH. [1827

By the South Level Act, which received the royal assent ou the
28th of May, the Vicechancellor of the University of Cambridge for the
time being, or a depnty, to be appointed by writing under his hand,
and the Mayor of Cambridge for the time being are (with others)
appointed Navigation Commissioners.(0

A vacancy in the Parliamentary representation of the University
having been occasioned by the elevation of Sir John Singleton Copley to
the Peerage, as Baron Lyndhurst, Sir Nicholas Conyngham TindaK-J)
Solicitor General, the Right Hon. Henry Goulburn, and William John
Bankes Esq., all of Trinity College, offered themselves as candidates,
but Mr. Goulburn retired before the day of election. The poll was
taken on the 9th, lOth, and 11th of May, and at its close the numbers
were, Tindal, 479; Bankes, 378.(3)

On the 23rd of June, the royal assent was given to an Act for
building a new Gaol for the town of Cambridge. It contains a
clause exempting the buildings of the University and Colleges from
the rates thereby authorised to be levied if legally exempted from
liability to be rated towards the repair and maintenance of the ex-
isting gaol, and a general saving of the rights, liberties, immunities,
exemptions, franchises, and privileges of the University, or any of

(1) Stat 7 & S Geo. IV. cap. xlvii. (local and personal).

(2) Son of Robert Tindal, a solicitor of Chelmsford, at the Grammar School of which
town he received his early education. He was entered at Trinity College in 1795, was
eighth Wrangler and Senior Chancellor's Medallist in 1799, and Member's Prizeman in
1801, in which year he was elected fellow of Trinity College, Soon after taking his
M.A. degree (1802) he became a student of Lincoln's Inn, and entered upon practice as
a special pleader. In Trinity Term, 1809, he was called to the bar. He was one of the
Counsel for Queen Caroline, in the proceedings relative to the Bill of Pains and Penal-
ties against her. In 1824 he was returned to Parliament for the Wigtou burghs, and
at the General Election in 1826 was elected for Harwich. In September, 182'i, he was
appointed Solicitor General, on which occasion he received the honour of knighthood.
He continued Solicitor General till 1829. when he was appointed Chief Justice of the
Common Pleas. He died at Folkstane, Gth July, 1846, in his TOth year.

(3) Analysis of the Poll,

voters. t. b.

ae St. Peter's College 17 y

43 ClareHall 15 28

17 Pembroke Hall 8 9

43 Caius College 22 21

13 Trinity Hall 7 6

27 Corpus Christi College 12 15

•24 King's College 10 14

28 Queen's College 10 18

14 Catharine Hall 6 8

35 Jesus College 20 15

36 Christ's College 27 9

J 82 St. John's College 91 91

18 Magdalene College 9 9

269 Trinity College 191 78

53 Emmanuel College 20 S3

15 Sidney Sussex College .5 10

9 Downing College 7 2

6 Commorantes in Villa 2 3

"837 479 378

1B27] GEOllGE THE FOURTH. 555

tbe Colleges oi- Halls, and of the privileges of the Corporation.C) A
new gaol was soon afterwards erected on a piece of ground near
Parker's Piece, from the designs of William M'Intosh Brookes Esq.
The above Act was amended in 1839.(2) The total expence of erect-
ing the gaol, and of obtaining and executing the Acts, including in-
terest on loans, was little short of £25,000.(3)

This year, was commenced the erection of a new Court at St.
John's College, from the designs of Rickman and Hutchinson. It
is situate on the western side of the Cam, being connected with the
older portion of the college by a covered bridge.

On the 19th of October, Mr. C. Green ascended in his balloon
from a close at the back of the Manor House, opposite Jesus Col-
lege. He was accompanied by G. W. Scott Esq. of Trinity College.
The balloon descended in a meadow three miles west of Chatteris.

On the 1st of December, Sir John Richardson inade the subjoined
award .with respect to the mode of electing the Professors of Mineralogy,
Botany, and Anatomy»(4)

To THE ViCECHANCELLOR OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE.

Sir,

In pursuance of the Letter, addressed to me by the Chancellor, Masters,
and Scholars of the University of Cambridge in Senate assembled, sealed
with their common seal, and bearing date the 22d day of December, 1825,
(wherein, after reciting that a difference of opinion had arisen in their
body respecting the Election of Professors of Mineralogy, Botany, and
Anatomy, they requested me to determine, after having heard Counsel, the
manner in which these Professors should in future be elected,) I have ac-
cepted the reference thereby made to me, and have been attended by Mr^
Alderson and Mr. Amos, the Counsel of the several parties, and have heard
such arguments, and perused and examined such papers and evidences, as they
thought proper to lay before me respecting the matters in difference ; and now-
having maturely considered the same, I request you to make knowTi to the
Chancellor, Masters, and Scholars, this my opinion and determination on the
premises, that is to say :

First. I am of opinion, and so determine, that although the University
lias from time to time appointed several Professors of Anatomy, Botany, and
Mineralogy, and in several instances has in so doing apparently assumed that
such offices continued to exist after the death of the last Professor, yet in

(J) Stat. 7 & 8 Geo. IV, cap. cxi. (local and personal).

(2) Stat. 2 & 3 Vict. cap. ix. (local and personal).

(3) Although the first Gaol Act was watched in its progress through Parliament by a
committee of the inhabitants, it is observable that it contains no clause for the audit
or publication of the accounts. The provisions for raising money by a separate rate
entailed great additional charge on the Town without the slightest perceptible equiva-
lent, and the Act ought to have been so framed as to have thrown the burthen pretty
equally over a long series of years. However, from 1839, when the amended Act passed,
till 1847, when the debt was finally paid oft", the charge on the Town did not, on the
average, exceed £.^50. per annum.

(4) Vide ante, p. 537.

556 GEORGE THE FOURTH. [1827

fact, whatever has been hitherto done on each and all of these occasions has
amounted to no more than to temporary provisions, each made for the par-
ticular appointment at that time contemplated, and which had not the effect
of binding the University to continue the office, or to appoint another Pro-
fessor after the next vacancy; consequently, that the University has not yet
founded or established any permanent Professorship, either of Anatomy,
Botany, or Mineralogy ; and that no such permanent offices do at this time
exist.

Secondly. I am of opinion, and so determine, that either strangers, with the
previous or subsequent consent of the University, or the University itself by
Grace or By-Law, may, ad Eruditionis amplificationem, found and establish per-
manent Professorships in Anatomy, Botany, or Mineralogy, or in any other
branch of Science or liberal Learning, and may, by the terms of the foundation
prescribe any reasonable mode of Election, which they may deem most proper;
and that by so doing they would not infringe the Statutes of the University
made in the twelfth year of the reign of Queen Elizabeth.

Thirdly. I am of opinion, and so determine, that if the University, or any
Stranger, should found any new Professorship, and should not by the terms of
the foundation provide any particular mode of Election, the case would then
fall within the provisions of the fortieth Chapter of those Statutes, (that " De
nominatione et electione Lectorum et aliorum officiariorum,") and that the
Elections must be made in conformity therewith, according to the mode pre-
scribed by the thirty-fourth chapter of the same statutes (that " De electione
Pro-Cancellarii"),

Fourthly. I am of opinion, and so determine, that the words " a vobis
digatur," or other equivalent words, used in a Grace submitted to the Senate,
are not sufficient to prescribe any particular mode of Election ; such words
being in my judgment equally satisfied by an Election made with, or with-
out, previous nomination; which election is in neither case made by the Senate
assembled in houses, but by the members of the Senate voting individually ;
and therefore, that in cases where an election is made in pursuance of a Grace
so worded, and where no particular mode of Election is otherwise prescribed,
the mode of Election must be governed by the fortieth chapter of the Statutes
before cited.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand this fu'st day of Decem-
ber, 1827.

John Richardson.(I)
On the 12th and 14th of December, was tried, before Lord Ten-
terden and a special jury, in the King's Bench, at Westminster, an
action brought by Joseph Brett lessee of the Corporation of Cam-
bridge, against Thomas Fisher, Thomas Hall Fisher, and George
Fisher, for recovery of a toll of twopence on carts coming into and
going out of the town. The jury returned a verdict for the plaintiff.
A new trial being applied for, the application was ordered to await
the result of a second trial in Brett v. Beales.(2)

(1) Gumiing, Ceremonies of the Univ. of Cambridge, 50(J.
(2). See under the years 182G and 1829.

1828] GEORGE THE FOURTH. 557

1S2S.

His Royal Iligliness the Duke of Sussex arrived at Cambridge
on the 18th of January, and was present on the following day in
the Senate House, at the B.A. Commencement. He left Cambridge
on the 22nd of January.

On the 26th of March, the Senate voted petitions to both Houses
of Parliament against certain clauses in the Tithe Commutation Bill,

On the 3rd of May, the Viceehancellor and nine other Heads of
Colleges published a decree, prohibiting persons in statu pupillari
from associating or holding communication with Bryan-Edward Duppa
B.A., late of St. John's College, he having been convicted of being
concerned in a gambling transaction with a person in statu pupillari,
of having afterwards challenged such person to fight a duel, and
subsequently upon his refusal to accept the challenge, of publicly
and violently assaulting him,(i)

On the 10th of May, died, at his residence in Freeschool Lane,
aged 80, the Rev. ThoPxias Kerrich M.A., F.S.A., Principal Librarian
of the University. He was deeply versed in antiquities, was a skil-
ful draughtsman, and etched well. He contributed several papers to
the Archa^ologia, and was the author of a Catalogue of the Prints
engraved after Martin Heemskerck. He bequeathed a curious col-
lection of paintings in panel to the Society of Antiquaries, and his
extensive manuscript collections and sketches for a History of Gothic
Architecture and on Ancient Costume to the British Museum. These
are contained in forty-eight volumes, of various sizes.(2) Mr. Ker-
rich also drew the following portraits of persons connected with
Cambridge and its vicinity (all of which are engraved by Facius)
Dr. Glynn, Rev. James Bentham the Historian of Ely, Rev. Robert
Masters the Historian of Corpus Christi College, Rev. William Cole,
Rev. Dr. Milner President of Queen's College, and Mr. Wale.(3)

On the 14th of May, the Senate voted petitions to Parliament, to
take measures for the amelioration of the condition of the slaves in
our West Indian Colonies.

On the 21st of May, a Grace passed conferring the title of Pro-
fessor of Political Economy on George Pry me Esq. M.A. late fellow
of Trinity College, he having for many years previously read lectures

(1) Mr. Barnard the party assaulted, brought an action against Mr. Duppa. Judgment
passed by default, and at' the Cambridgeshire Lent Assizes, 1829, the damages were
assessed at £50. The assault took place at a horse race at Six-Mile Bottom.

(2) Additional MSS. 6728 to 6773 inclusive. The volumes 67G0 to G773 are architectural
MSS. of Mr. Essex.

(3) Nichols, Illustrations of the Litcrarv Ilistorv of the Eighteenth Centurv, vi,
80 7—829.

558 GEORGE THE FOURTH. L1828

on that science in the University. The votes in the Non-Regent
House were, Placets, 18; Non-Placets, 9.

At a public meeting of the inhabitants, held at the Town Hall,
on the 2nd of June, petitions were adopted to both Houses of Par-
liament, praying for the amelioration and ultimate abolition of Negro
slavery in the West Indies. The Mayor took the chair, and the re-
solutions were proposed and seconded by Charles Mortlock Esq.,
Dr. Lamb Master of Corpus Christi College, Rev. Professor Schole-
field, and the Rev. Temple Chevallier.

On the 22nd of June, Lord Lyndhurst Lord Chancellor gave judg-
ment on a petition from certain fellows of Queen's College to the
King as Visitor. The judgment was, that by the statutes of the
college the concurrent voice of the President is necessary in all
college elections.(i) The petitioners' case was argued by Mr. King,
then fellow and now President of the college.(2)

His Royal Highness the Duke of Gloucester Chancellor of the
University visited Cambridge at the Commencement. There was a
musical festival on the occasion.

By the Corn Importation Act, passed on the 15th of July, the
appointment and removal of the Inspector of Corn Returns for
the Town of Cambridge, is vested in the Chancellor, Masters, and
Scholars of the University, and their successors.(3)

The Alehouse Licensing Act passed on the 15th of July, contains
a proviso that nothing therein contained should extend to alter or
in any manner to affect any of the rights or privileges of the Uni-
versities of Oxford or Cambridge, or the powers of the Chancellors
or Vicechancellors of the same, as by law possessed under the re-
spective charters of the said Universities, or otherwise.(4)

On the 3rd of December, Graces were brought forward for con-
solidating the offices of Principal Librarian and Librarian, and to
admit Bachelors of Arts to the privilege of access to the Public Li-
brary. Both graces were rejected in the Caput. On the 16th a
grace passed constituting Mr. Lodge the Principal Librarian the

{-[) In 1788 the Duke of Grafton Chancellor of the University, with the advice of Peter
Calvert LL D. and William Wynne LL.D. his assessors, decided that by the statutes of
CLARE Hall, a valid election of a fellow might be made without the concurrent voice

° In^l6l7^''the Earl of Suffolk Chancellor of the University, decided that in Caius Col-
lege, an 'election of a fellow was valid although the Master refused to concur in it.
There was a similar decision by the Visitor in 17U. _

In 1802, Lord Eldon Lord Chancellor, decided that m Catharine Hall no election
was valid' in which the Master did not concur.

(2) Russell's Reports, v. 64.

(3) Stit. 9 Geo. IV. c. 60, 3. 21.

(4) Stat. 9 Geo. IV. c. 61, s. 36.

1829] GEORGE THE FOURTH. 559

sole Librarian, at the salary of £210., being the amount of the two
salaries formerly paid.

On the 6th of December, died, at Hatfield Wood Side, Hertford-
shire, aged 74, Mr. Joshua Kirby Baldrey, who resided for some years
in this town, and established his reputation as an artist by an ac-
curate engraving of the eastern window of King's College Chapel.
He published " A Dissertation on the Windows of King's College
Chapel, Cambridge, "(1) from which it appears he was engaged on an
engraving of one of the south windows. This ingenious man died in
indigence, leaving a widow and eleven children totally unprovided for.

1829.

His Royal Highness the Duke of Sussex came to Cambridge on
the 13th of January. On the 14th, he visited the Senate House
during the examination fur the degree of B.A., and on the 15th he
left for Kensington Palace.

On the 11th of February, a Grace for petitioning Parliament against
the admission of Roman Catholics to the legislature and the high
offices of state, was rejected in the Non-Regent House by 52
against 43.

On the 27th of February, a Grace passed that no person who has
degraded should after the 1 0th of October, 1830, be permitted to
become a candidate for University Scholarships or any other aca-
demical honors during his undergraduateship, or for honours in the
mathematical tripos, unless by special permission of a standing
Syndicate appointed to examine into all applications for such per-
mission. This grace was grounded on the recommendation of a
Syndicate appointed to inquire into the practice of degrading, but
was opposed, the votes being, Non-Regents, Placets, 19 ; Non-Pla-
cets, 12 : Regents, Placets, 10; Non-Placets, 5.

On the 27th of February, the Senate passed a Grace requiring
candidates for the degree of M.B. in addition to the examination of
the Regius Professor of Physick, to be examined by the Professors
of Anatomy, Chemistry, and Botany, and to attend the lectures of
those Professors, and of the Downing Professor of Medicine; also a
grace that no person should proceed to the degree of M.B. who,
having been admitted of any college after that date, should during
the time of his being in statu pupillari, have been engaged in the
practice of Pharmacy or Midwifery, or in any trade whatsoever.(2>

(1) Camb. 8vo. 1818.

(2) These graces mpvo brons'ht forward on the recommendation of a Syndicate appointed
3rd December, 182S. "

560 GEORGE THE FOURTH. [1829

This latter grace was opposed ia the Non-Regent House, Placets,
21 ; Non-Placets, 6.

On the 18th of March, a Grace passed on the recommendation of
the Library Syndicate, allowing resident Bachelors of Arts to take
books from the Public Library under certain restrictions.

About 600 Bachelors of Arts and Undergraduates signed petitions
to both Houses of Parliament against any further concessions to the
Roman Catholics. The petition to the Commons was presented by
Mr. George Bankes on the 23rd of March, and that to the Lords on
the following day by Dr. Law Bishop ol" Bath and Wells.

On the 27th of March, the Corporation voted a petition to the
House of Lords against the Roman Catholic Relief Bill.

On the 31st of March, a public meeting of the inhabitants, con-
vened by the Mayor, and over which he presided, was held at the
Town Hall. The Rev. Temple Chevallier proposed and R. M. Faw-
cett Esq. seconded a resolution, expressive of the expediency of
petitioning the King to prevent the Roman Catholic Relief Bill from
passing into a law. Henry Gunning Esq. opposed this resolution,
and Ebenezer Foster Esq. proposed and Francis John Gunning Esq.
seconded an amendment, that the meeting saw no necessity for in-
terfering with the measures pending in Parliament. This amend-
ment being negatived, and the original resolution carried by a large
majority, Mr. Thomas Stevenson proposed the petition, which was
seconded by Mr. Joseph Truslove, and carried. An addition pro-
posed by Samuel Pickering Beales Esq. against the disfranchisement
of the Irish forty shilling freeholders was negatived. On the motion
of George Joseph Twiss Esq. seconded by Mr. Alexander Watford,
it was agreed that the petition should be presented by his Royal
Highness the Duke of Cumberland.

In or about April this year, the University received a legacy of
£5000. bequeathed by the Rev. John Manistre M.A. fellow of King's
College, to purchase books for the Public Library.

The High Sheriff declined to comply with a requisition for a
County Meeting against the Roman Catholic Relief Bill. Before his
answer was given, the Rev. Frederick Herbert Maberley published
the subjoined letter: —

To THE Freeholders and Inhabitants of the County op Cambridge.
Gentlemen,

What may be the fate of your Requisition to our Sheriff I cannot say.
Upon that for the County of Huntingdon he has declined to call a Meet-
ing of the said County, on the ground, a Meeting for the purposes stated in
the Requisition is not desired by the County, or an object of general anxiety
in the same. A like reason may be assigned relative to your Requisition.

1829] GEORGE THE FOURTH. ^q{

In ordc/, therefore, to the satisfaction of the Sheriff should it be thus, I
shall appear (D.V.) on Saturda)-, the 11th inst., a little before one o'clock,
at the Castle, the place of the execution of the unfortunate Malefactor
now under sentence of death, and shall there put this simple ques-
tion : " Is it your wish that the High Sheriff should be requested to call
a Public Meeting of the County, to consider the best means of staying the
unconstitutional efforts now making to give Roman Catholics seats in our
Houses of Lords and Commons, and to place in their hands the highest
Offices of the State ?" which should your answer be Yes, I shall be glad you
would signify it by holding up your hats. I shall then put another : " In case
the High Sheriff should not accede to your expressed wish, to call a Public
Meeting for the above purpose, is it your desire a Petition be presented to
the House of Lords, that the Duke of Wellington be impeached, and one to
the House of Commons, that the Right Hon. Robert Peel be so likewise; and
another to his Most Gracious Majesty, that both be dismissed his councils,
and he dissolve the Commons House of Parliament, and that I sign them in
your name and get them presented accordingly?" and again if your answer be
Yes, that you would signify it the same as before. The Legislature has in
view in its public executions to deter others from the offences of the offenders,
and with this view I invite the County generally to attend the execution
alluded to, while I entreat your prayers be offered up for the unfortunate
Culprit, that repentance and faith and so forgiveness may be granted him. In
complying with the above, you will oblige,
Gentlemen,

Y^'our humble and unworthy Setvant,

F. H. Maberly.
Kingston, near Caxton, Cambridgeshire,
2d April, 1829.

This extraordinary letter attracted the attention of the magistracy,
who communicated with the reverend writer, and he subsequently
abandoned his intention, and published the following letter: —
To THE Freeholders and Inhabitants of the County of Cambridge.
Gentlemen,
In compliance with the wishes of the Magistrates of the County, I am in-
duced to inform you that it is not my intention to be present at the Execu-
tion at Cambridge on Saturday next, the llth of April instant, or in any way
to interfere with the proceedings on that occasion.
I am, Gentlemen,

Your humble and obedient Servant,

Frederick Herbert Maberly.
Cambridge, April 9, 1829.

On the 9th of April, a great number of Undergraduates, who had
taken offence at the Senior Proctor, assembled in front of the
Senate House, and on his coming out assailed him with groans,
hisses, and offensive missiles. They followed him to the gates of his
college, and continued assembled for several hours. Some of the
individuals concerned were convened before the Heads of Houses

VOL. IV. 4 a

562 GEORGE THE FOURTH. [1829

and punished. On the following day the Proctors and Pro-Proctors
addressed this letter to the Vicechancellor : —

Sir,
We beg leave respectfully to state that yesterday the Proctors in theexccti-
tion of their duty were resisted and most grossly insulted by a large body of
the Undergraduates of this University.

Certain individuals, actively concerned in that disturbance, were in conse-
quence convened before the Heads of Houses. And we cannot but think that
the punishment adjudged affords no adeq^uate security against the recurrence
of a similar outrage.

We therefore feel that the Proctors have not sufficiently the confidence or
support of the Heads of Houses to enable them to nxaintain that disciphne
which they have engaged to uphold.

Under these circumstances we beg leave respectfully to resign the several
offices which have been entrusted to us.

Alexander M. Wale, Sen. Proc.
Henry Melvill, Jun. Proc.
R. TwoPENY, Proprocur.
Frederic Smith, Proprocur.
April 10, 1829.
To the Rev. the Vice-Chaneellor.

On the 13th of April, the Vicechancellor and nine other Heads of
Colleges published the subjoined notice: —

Pembroke Lodge, April 13th, 1829.
Whereas on Thursday last the 9feh instant, a great number of Under-
graduates assembled together in a tumultuous manner, and, as it has been re-
presented to us, with a premeditated design of insulting certain of the Univer-
sity Officers :

We the Vice-Chancellor and Heads of Colleges hereby give notice, that if
any persons in statu pupillari shall hereafter meet together in such manner and
with such design, and, being so met, shall offer any insult to any University
Officer, or, being warned to disperse, shall not immediately comply, they shall?
on being duly convicted, be expelled from the University.

G. AiNSLiE, Vice-Chan. M. Davy.

J. Lincoln. W. Chafy.

Fras. Barnes. W. French.

R. T. Cory. H. Godfrey.

Chr. Wordsworth. W. Frere.

Other Proctors were elected on the 22nd of April.

On the 11th of April, William Osborne was executed at the Castle
for a highway robbery, in the parish of Elsworth.

The Roman Catholic Relief Bill passed on the 13th of April, con-
tains a proviso that nothing therein contained should be construed
to enable any persons, otherwise than as then by law enabled, to
hold, enjoy, or exercise any office, place, or dignity, of, in or be-
longing to any of the Universities of this realm, or any office or
place whatever, and by whatever name the same may be called, of

1829] GEORGE THE FOURTH. 563

in or belonging to any of the Colleges or Halls of the said Univer-
sities; or to repeal, abrogate, or in any manner to interfere with
any local statute, ordinance, or rule, which is or shall be established
by competent authority within any University, College, or Hall, by
which Roman Catholics shall be prevented from being admitted
thereto, or from residing or taking degrees therein.C)

The following Graces were passed on the 6th of May, the latter
being carried in the Regent House by 9 to 6: —

QuuM acqui rectique rationes minime postularc videantur, ut Advenoc pri-
vilcgiis et honoribus vestris ornentur sub levioribus conditionibus quam quibus
Alumni vestri teneantur adstricti: et quum nihil magis Academicae Juven-
tutis recta3 et sanaj institutioni inserviat, quam debita eorum intra ipsius
Academia) limites commoratio : Placeat vobis, ut nemo, qui ex Academia
sive Oxoniensi sive Dubliniensi in hane Academiam in posterum commigra-
verit, ad gradum Baccalaureatus sive in Artibus sive in Jure Civili sive in
Medicina admittatur, priusquam coram Capite vestro Literas Cerlificatorias
exhibuerit, se, terminis singulis, quorum in computo vestro rationem haberi
petat, per id temporis spatium apud suos commoratum esse, quod Statutis
vestris et consuetudinibus vel saltem Academise Oxoniensis, requiritur.

Placeat vobis, ut nemo post gradum quemlibet in Academia sive Oxoniensi
sive Dubliniensi susceptum in eundem ordinem apud vos cooptetur, priusquam
coram capite vestro literas certificatorias exhibuerit se idem temporis spatium
complevisse, quod a vobismet ipsis exigatur totidemque terminos vel apud
vos vel apud suos commoratum esse, quot sint vobismet ipsis ad gradum
istum assequendum necessarii, per cam scilicet uniuscuj usque termini partem,
quaj Statutis vestris et consuetudinibus vel saltem Academiee Oxoniensis re-
quiritur.

On the 19th of May, Mr. C. Green, accompanied by two members
of the University, ascended in a balloon from Warwicker's Yard,
Barnwell. The balloon descended in the parish of Grendon, near
Wellingborough.

Colonel Trench, one of the members for the Town, having vacated
his seat by accepting the office of Storekeeper of the Ordnance,
offered himself for re-election, but was opposed by Samuel Wells
Esq. who, at the election on the 9th of June, proposed himself, but
although he had the shew of hands declined to go to the poll, where-
upon the Colonel was declared duly elected.

The appointment of Sir Nicolas Couyngham Tindal to the office
of Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, having occasioned a
vacancy in the parliamentary representation of the University, the
following offered themselves as candidates : Edward Hall Alderson
Esq. M.A, of Cains College (now Baron of the Exchequer), George

(I) Stat. 10 Geo. IV. c. 7, s. 16.

^64 GEORGE THE FOURTH. [1830

Bankes Esq,(i) LL.B. of Trinity Hall, and William Cavendish Esq.(2)
M.A. of Trinity College. Mr. Alderson retired before the day of
election, and at the close of the poll (taken 16th, 17th, and 18th of
June), the numbers were, Cavendish, 609; Bankes, 462.(3)

The action for tolls, brought by Joseph Brett (lessee of the Corpora-
tion) against Messrs. Beales, was tried for the second time in the
King's Bench, at Westminster, before Lord 'J'enterden and a special
jury, on the 16th, 17th, and 18th of December, when a verdict was
again returned for the defendants. The Court afterwards refused a rule
for a new trial,(4) and set aside the verdict obtained by Brett against
Messrs. Fisher, thus finally deciding against the right of the Corpora-
tion.P) The cost to both parties of the three trials and the proceed-
ings connected therewith, may be estimated at £8000.

1830.

A County Meeting was held at the Town Hall, on the 22nd of Janu-
ary. Tt was convened by Richard Orton Esq. the High Sheriff, who
presided. Petitions to both Houses of Parliament, praying attention
to agricultural distress, and for the total repeal of the duties on malt

(1) Mr. Bankes who had been one of the Lords of the Treasury and Secretary to the Board
of Controul, represented Corfe Castle previous to the passing of the Reform Act, since
which he has been one of the Members for Dorsetshire.

(2) Great grandson of William fourth Duke of Devonshire, and grandson of Lord George
Augustus Henry Cavendish who, in IS31, Mas created Earl of Burlington. Mr. Cavendish
was second wrangler and first Smith's prizeman, 1829. He represented the University till
183i, when he lost his election. On the 9th of May, 1834, he succeeded his grandfather as
Earl of Burlington. He is Chancellor of the University of London. He only attained his
majority m the April preceding his election for this University.

(3) Analysis of the Poll.

VOTERS. c B

29 St. Peter's College 15 14

38 Clare Hall 12 26

28 Pembroke HaU 17 u

54 Caius College 21 33

15 Trinity Hall " 5 10

31 Corpus Christi College 17 14

33 King's College ,. 24 9

49 Queen's College 10 39

22 Catharine Hall 10 12

52 Jesus College , 23 29

39 Christ's College 24 15

209 St. John's College 108 101

30 Magdalene College 23 7

338 Trinity College 259 79

62 Emmanuel College 17 45

24 Sidney Sussex College 10 14

13 Downing College 10 3

5 Commorantes in Villa 4 1

1071 609 462

(4) Bamewall & Cresswell's Reports, x. 508.

(5) The counsel engaged in the three trials respecting the tolls Avere: for the plaintiff,
Mr. Marryatt, Mr. Taunton (afterwards Justice of the King's Bench), Mr. Storks, Mr.
Parke (now Baron of the Exchequer), Mr. Patteson (now Justice of the Queen's Bench),
and Mr. Barker: for the defendants, Mr. Scarlett (afterwards Lord Abinger), Mr. Tindal,
(attervvards Chief Justice of the Common Pleas), Mr. Campbell (now Lord Campbell), Mr.
Alderson (now Baron of the Exchequer), Mr. Eagle and Mr. Gunning.

1830] GEOllGE THE FOURTH. 5(55

and beer, and an alteration of the licensing system, were proposed
by Sir Saint Vincent Cotton Bart, seconded by Henry John Adeanc
Esq., and, with some alterations, adopted. Sir Charles Wale, Samuel
Wells Esq., George Pryme Esq., Rev. George Adam Browne, Rev.
F. H. Maberly, Francis Pym jun. Esq., Lord Milton, S. P. Beales
Esq., Christopher Pemberton Esq., Mr. Serjeant Frere, Lord Francis
Godolphin Osborne, John Fordham Esq., and John Peter AUix Esq.,
also addressed the meeting.

On the 10th of February, the Senate voted petitions to both
Houses of Parliament, praying for the repeal of the clauses in the
Church Building Act of the 7 & 8 Geo. IV., which empower the
Church Building Commissioners to vest the right of patronage of
newly-endowed Chapels in persons building and endowing the same.
The numbers were, Non-Regents : Placets, 32 ; Non-Placets, 26 : Re-
gents: Placets, 30; Non-Placets, 17.

On the 3rd of April, were executed at the Castle, David Howard
for arson at Badlingham, in the parish of Chippenham, and William
Reader and William Turner for the like offence at J^inton.

On the 16th of April, it was agreed at a public meeting of the
inhabitants held at the Town Hall, the Mayor in the chair, to pre-
sent petitions to both Houses of Parliament, against certain proposed
alterations in the laws relating to arrest and bankruptcy.

On the 8th of May, Mr. Green jun., accompanied by Robert
Hollond Esq. of Corpus Christi College, and Thomas William
Hulkes Esq. of St. John's College, ascended in a balloon from
Warwicker's Yard, Barnwell, They descended in the parish of
Standground, near Peterborough. On the 15 th of May, Mr.
Green accompanied by Dr. Woodhouse of Caius College, James
Ackers Esq., and F. W. Beaumont Esq. of Trinity College, again
ascended from Warwicker's Yard, and alighted near Branches Park,
in Suffolk.

The Lighting and Watching Act passed the 17th of June, con-
tains a proviso that nothing in that act should extend to alter or
in any manner to affect the rights or privileges of the Universi-
ties of Oxford or Cambridge, or any of the powers vested by
charter or otherwise in the Chancellor, Masters, and Scholars,
and their successors of the said Universities.(i)

( I ) Stat. 1 1 Geo. IV. & 1 Gul. I V. c. 27, 6. C I .

566

WILLIAM THE FOURTH.

830.

King William the Fourth was proclaimed with the accustomed
formalities by the University and by the Sheriff of the County
on the 30th of June, and by the Corporation on the following
day.

On the 15th of July, being the day of the funeral of King
George the Fourth, there was an entire cessation from business.
The University went in procession from the Senate House to Great
St. Mary's, where after the Litany and an Anthem, Dr. Chafy Vice-
chancellor, preached from 1st John ii. 17. The Corporation also
went in procession from the Town Hall to St. Sepulchre's, where a
sermon was preached by the Rev. R. R. Faulkner, from Mark xiii.
33. Minute bells were tolled during part of the day at all the
churches, and in the evening a dumb peal was rung at Great St.
Mary's. On the following Sunday, funeral anthems were sung at
the Chapels of King's and Trinity Colleges.

On the 19th of July, an address from the University to the King
congratulating him on his accession and condoling on the death of
his brother, was presented at St. James's, by his Royal Highness
the Duke of Gloucester Chancellor of the University, accompanied
by Dr. Chafy Vicechancellor, the Earl of Hardwicke High Steward
of the University, His Royal Highness the Duke of Sussex, the
Dukes of Gordon and St. Albans, the Marquess of Lansdowne
Marquess Camden, the Earls of Denbigh, Aberdeen, and West-
moreland, Earls Brownlow and Nelson, Viscounts Barnard and
Palmerston, Dr. Monk Bishop of Gloucester, Lord F. Beauclerc,
Right Hon. Henry Goulburu Chancellor of the Exchequer, Sir

1831] WILLIAM THE FOURTH. 567

Stratford Canning, most of the Heads of Houses and principal
officers of the University, and other noblemen and gentlemen, in all
above 400. On the same day, an address of congratulation from the
University was presented to the Queen. On the 28th of July,
similar addresses from the Corporation were presented to their Ma-
jesties.

The act to permit the general sale of beer and cyder by retail,
passed on the 23rd of July, contains a proviso that nothing in that
act contained should extend to alter, or in any manner to affect
any of the rights or privileges of the Universities of Oxford or
Cambridge, or any of the powers and authorities vested by charter
or otherwise in the Chancellors, Masters, and Scholars of the said
Universities, and their successors.C)

At the general election the candidates for the county were, Lord
Francis Godolphin Osborne (now Lord Godolphin), Henry John
Adeane Esq. of Babraham, and Lord Charles Somerset Manners.
At the close of the poll, which was taken on Parker's Piece, on
the 10th, 11th, 12th, and 13th of August, the numbers were, Osborne,
2339; Adeane, 2086; Manners, 1757. 3717 freeholders polled at this
election.

On the 18th of November, at a public meeting of the inhabitants
held at the Town Hall, the Mayor in the chair, petitions to both
Houses of Parliament, praying for the early and total extinction of
Colonial Slavery were unanimously adopted. The resolutions were
proposed and supported by George Pryme Esq., Rev. Professor
Scholcfield, Rev. Daniel Wilson (now Bishop of Calcutta), Ebenezer
Foster Esq. Rev. T. C. Edmunds, Rev. Professor Parish, and George
Stephen Esq.

On the 3rd of December, apprehensions being entertained that from
the excited state of the labouring classes in many of the adjacent
villages, there might be some disturbance in the town on the follow-
ing market day, 800 of the inhabitants voluntarily attended at the
Town Hall and were sworn as special constables. Not the slightest
disturbance occurred,

1831.

On the 17th of January, at a public meeting of the inhabitants
convened by the Mayor and over which he presided, it was agreed
to petition both Houses of Parliament, urging the necessity of an

(1) Stat. 11 Geo. IV. & 1 Gul. IV. c. 64, s. 29.

568 WILLIAM THE FOaRTH. [1831

alteration in tho representation of the people, and enumerating cer-
tain local grievances, especially that this populous town was de-
graded into a rotten borough, and that persons were returned as
its representatives to Parliament who had no sympathy or connec-
tion with the inhabitants.

On the 18th of February, a grace was oifered to the Senate for
the appointment of a syndicate, to consider whether any and what
steps should be taken by the University, in consequence of the
application of the University of London to the Crown for a charter
of incorporation. This grace was negatived in the Regent House,
by 17 to 8.

On the 9th of March, a grace passed the Senate, to petition
the King, that should he incorporate the University of London, a
clause might be inserted in the charter, declaring that nothing
therein should be construed as giving a right to confer any aca-
demical distinctions designated by the same titles or accompanied
with the same privileges as the degrees then conferred by the
Universities of Oxford and Cambridge.(i)

On the 16th of March, at a public meeting of the inhabitants held
at the Town Hall, Thomas Hovell Esq. in the chair, an address
was voted to the King, expressive of confidence in the administra-
tion. Petitions were also voted to both Houses of Parliament in
favour of the bill for reform of the representation, introduced into
the House of Commons by Lord John Russell.

At the Lent Assizes this year, two judges came the Norfolk Cir-
cuit. It had long previously been the practice for one judge only to
go the Norfolk Circuit in the spring, although two judges were
named in the commissions. This practice was henceforth discon-
tinued.

On the 18th of March, a county meeting convened by John Ben-
dyshe Esq. High Sheriff, and over which he presided, was held on
the Market Hill. An address to the King in favour of Parliamentary
Reform wo.s proposed by Richard Greaves Townley Esq., seconded
by Dr. John Lamb Master of Corpus Christi College, and carried.
Petitions to both Houses of Parliament, entreating that the Reform
Bill might pass into a law, were proposed by the Rev. Algernon
Peyton, seconded by Mr. Serjeant Pell, and carried. Henry Gunning
Esq., Francis Pym jun. Esq., the Rev. George Adam Browne, Charles

(1) The Charter of Incorporation of the University of London bears date 28th Novem-
ber, 1836. It expressly authorises the conferring of the degrees of Bachelor of Arts,
Master of Arts, Bachelor of Laws, Doctor of Laws, Bachelor of Medicine, and Doctor of
Medicine.

1831] WILLIAM THE FOURTH. 5(59

Beales Esq., Lord F. G. Osborne M.P., Henry John Adeane Esq.
M.P., Edward King Fordham Esq., Samuel Wells Esq., Ebenezer
Foster Esq., and Thomas Hovell Esq., also severally addressed the
meeting. The address to the King was soon afterwards presented by
the High Sheriff, accompanied by Lord F. G. Osborne, and H. J.
Adeane Esq. the members for the county.

On the 21st of March, the Senate voted a petition to the House of
Commons against certain provisions in the Reform Bill. The votes
were, Non Regents : placets, 48 ; non placets, 29 ; Regents : placets, 43 ;
non placets, 24. This petition was presented to the House on the
30th of March, when there was also presented a petition from cer-
tain resident Bachelors of Arts, expressing their approbation of the
bill.

At a meeting of the Corporation held on the 24th of March, it was
proposed to petition in favour of the Reform Bill. The motion was
negatived by 24 to 5, but the Corporation did not then or subse-
quently petition against the bill.

A petition against the Reform Bill, signed by the High Sheriff and
a considerable number of freeholders, was presented to the House of
Commons in March.

On the 30th of March, the royal assent was given to an Act to
effect an exchange between the Chancellor, Masters and Scholars of the
University, and the Master, Fellows and Scholars of Trinity Hall, and
for authorising the removal of the then Botanic Garden to a new and
more eligible site and for other purposes. Under this Act the Uni-
versity acquired a piece of arable land in the Parish of St. Andrew
the Less, containing 38a. 9r. 23p. of the annual value of £129. 19s. 6d.
subject to a lease (which expired at Michaelmas, 1844,) at the yearly
rent of £10. three quarters of wheat and six quarters of malt;
and Trinity Hall acquired a piece of arable land in the same parish,
containing 7a. 3r. 2p. of the annual value of £29. 6s. 5d. £2110. 8s.
was paid to Trinity Hall for equality of exchange. The first men-
tioned piece of land is vested in the University upon trust for the
Governors and Visitors of the Botanic Garden, the same or a com-
petent part thereof to be used for the purposes of a Botanic Garden,
subject to the regulations contained in Dr. Walker's deed of founda-
tion.(i) The University is also empowered to sell or lease the then
Botanic Garden, and the Master, Fellows and Scholars of Trinity
Hall are empowered to lease the land thereby vested in them on
building leases for 99 years.(2)

(1) Vide ante p. 312.

(2) Stat, (priv.) 1 Gul.IV. c. 5.

VOL. IV. 4 B

570 WILLIAM THE FOURTH. [1831

A notice having been issued convening a meeting of Bachelors of
Arts and Undergraduates at the Red Lion Inn, on the 28th of April,
for the purpose of petitioning the King against the Reform Bill, Dr.
Thackeray Vicechancellor, and eight other Heads, on the 27th of April,
issued a notice admonishing all persons in statu pupillari, that every
one w^ho attended that or any similar meeting would be proceeded
against as a violator of the discipline of the University. The pro-
posed meeting did not take place.

At the general election a contest took place for the representation of
the University in Parliament, the old members Viscount Palmerston
and William Cavendish Esq., being successfully opposed by the Right
Hon. Henry Goulburn and William Yates Peel Esq. The poll was
taken on the 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th of May, and at its close the votes
were, Goulburn, 805; Peel, 804; Cavendish, 630; Palmerston, 610.(0

On the 16th of May, Mr. Green junr. ascended in a balloon from
Warwicker's yard, Barnwell, and alighted in the parish of Swaffham
Bulbeck. On the 23rd he again ascended from Warwicker's yard,
accompanied by Robert Hollond Esq. of Corpus Christi College, and
Thomas Frewen Turner Esq. of St. John's College. On this occa-
sion the descent took place on the London and Huntingdon road,
near Papworth Hall.
(1) Analysis of the Poll.

VOTEaS. G. TE. C. PA.

51 St. Peter's College 27 27 23 24

54 GlareHall 34 35 18 19

33 Pembroke College 18 19 14 14

72 Caius CoUege 43 42 28 29

15 Trinity Hall 9 10 5 5

39 Corpus Christi College 25 24 14 14

46 King's College 22 21 25 21

59 Queen's College 42 40 18 17

34 Catharine HaU 24 24 10 10

61 Jesus College 36 35 25 24

iiO Christ's College 25 23 25 22

323 St. John's College 214 220 100 99*

33 Magdalene College 11 10 23 21

458 Trinity College 201 200 255 246

66 Emmanuel College 44 42 22 20

39 Sidney Sussex College 27 28 11 12

14 Downing College S 4 11 10

3 Commorantes in Villil 0 0 3 3

1450 805 804 630 610

Plumpers. g. pe. c. pa.

9 Goulburn 9 ,, „ „

13 Peel , 13

21 Cavendish , „ 21 ,,

8 Palmerston „ ,, ,, 8

Split Votes.

783 Goulburn and Peel 783 783 ,, „

10 Goulburn and Cavendish 10 ,, 10 ,,

3 Goulburn and Palmerston ..3 ,, ,, 3

4 Peel and Cavendish ,, 4 4 ,,

4 Peel and Palmerston ,, 4 , , 4

595 Cavendish and Palmerston . . „ „ 595 595

1450 805 804 630 610

1831]

WILLIAM THE FOURTH.

571

According to the Parliamentary Census

the popuL

ition of Ca

imbridge

on the 30th of May, in this

year, was

as follows

:—

Inhabited

Houses.

Families.

Males.

Females.

Total

200

All Saints ....

226

783

639

1422

327

St. Andrew the Great

338

674

970

1644

1419

St. Andrew the Less

1493

3235

3416

6651

146

St. Benedict . . .

172

448

516

964

106

St. Botolph . . .

111

394

365

759

161

St. Clement . . .

183

425

465

890

116

St. Edward . . .

128

369

356

725

510

St. Giles

543

897

1020

1917

146

St. Mary the Great

148

440

504

944

149

St. Mary the Less .

164

354

456

810

St. Michael . . . .

480

231

711

124

St. Peter ....

137

377

325

702

130

Holy Sepulchre . .

134

302

372

674

405

Holy Trinity . . .

473

965

1139

2104

4007

4322

10143

10774

20917

The males 20 years of age, were, 5,358. There were engaged in
agriculture, occupiers employing labourers, 29; occupiers not em-
ploying labourers, 43; labourers, 256. 2475 persons were employed
in retail trade or in handicraft, as masters or workmen. There
were 1041 capitalists, bankers, professional, and other educated men ;
868 persons employed in labour not agricultural; 148 male servants
20 years of age; 118 male servants under that age; and 1443 female
servants.(i)

On the 25th of July, Lord Brougham Lord Chancellor gave judg-
ment on a petition to the King as Visitor of Catharine Hall, from
the Rev. John Robert Inge B.A. of Trinity College, complaining of
his non-election to the fellowship founded in Catharine Hall, by
Samuel Frankland, the petitioner being the only candidate who ful-
filled all the conditions required in the endowment. The Lord
Chancellor held that this did not exempt the petitioner from the
necessity of undergoing the usual College examination to prove his
fitness for the fellowship ; but his Lordship intimated that the
standard of merit set up on the examination of such a candidate,
should not be relative, but positive; merely ascertaining that he is
duly qualified, and having no regard to the comparative qualifica-
tions of his competitors.<2)

(1) Abstract of Population Returns fur 1831.

(2) Russell & Mylnc's Reports, ii. O'JO.

5*f2 WILLIAM THE FOURTH. [1831

The 8th of September, being the day of their Majesties' Coronation,
was observed here as a general holiday. There was a public dinner
of the inhabitants, and the poor of many of the parishes were re-
galed with plentiful old English fare. In the evening there was a
general illumination, with bonfires, and a display of fireworks.

On the 28th of September, it was agreed, at a public meeting of
the inhabitants to petition the House of Lords to pass the Reform
Bill. The meeting was convened by the Mayor, who presided. A
petition to the House of Lords, against the Reform Bill, signed by
many of the inhabitants, was presented by Lord Grantham, on the
4th of October. The High Sheriff declined to call a County Meeting
to petition the House of Lords in favour of the Bill.

An Act, which received the royal assent on the 15th of October,
contains various provisions relative to the augmentation of Benefices
by Colleges in the Universities of Oxford and Carabridge.C)

On the 18th of October, the first stone of the Pitt Press(2) was
laid by the Marquess Camden, attended by the Earls of Clarendon
and Harrowby, Lord Farnborough, Henry Bankes Esq. M.P., the
Vicechancellor, Heads of Colleges, and Members of ihe Senate. The
building was completed in 1833.

Lord Francis Godolphin Osborne having vacated his seat in Par-
liament for the County, Richard Greaves Townley Esq. of Fulbourn,
and Captain Charles Philip Yorke R.N. (now Earl of Hardwicke)
offered themselves as candidates. The poll was taken on the 27th,
28th, 29th, and 31st of 'October, and at its close stood thus, Town-
ley, 1981; Yorke, 1445.

The Cholera being prevalent in many parts of England, and appre-
hensions being entertained that it might be introduced into Cambridge,
a Board of Health, consisting of the Vicechancellor and seven members
of the University, the Mayor and seven inhabitants of the town, six
physicians and fourteen surgeons, was established on the 14th of
November.

On the 1 7th of December, Thomas Starmer, of Bridge Street, was
discommuned by Dr. Graham Vicechancellor and ten other Heads,
for suffering persons in statu pupillari to resort to his house for
the purpose of playing at billiards.

(1) Stat. 1 & 2 Gul. IV. c. 45.

(2) The resolution to apply part of the funds subscribed for a statute of Mr, Pitt, to
the erection of a handsome and appropriate building at Cambridge connected with the
University Press, was proposed and carried at a meeting of the subscribers, over which
the Marquess Camden presided, held at the Thatched House Tavern, on the I8th of June,
1824. On the 1st of July, in the same year, the Senate appointed a syndicate to pur-
chase the houses in Trumpington Street, "between Silver Street and Mill Lane.

1832] WILLIAM THE FOURTH. 573

1832.

On the 24th of January, the Court of King's Bench gave judg-
ment in an action of trespass, brought by the Master, Professors,
Fellows, and Scholars of Downing College, against John Purchas Esq.
and John Tweed. The action had been tried at the Cambridgeshire
Summer Assizes, 1828, when a verdict was found for the Plaintiffs,
subject to a special case. The question for the decision of the Court
was, whether the College (which was established subsequently to the
Paving Acts being passed) was liable to the Paving Rate. The
Court held that the College was not so liable, but was to be charged
with the rest of the University, and not as a part of the town.d)

On the 15th of February, a petition, signed by upwards of 1400
landowners and occupiers in the county against certain provisions
in the Reform Bill, was presented to the House of Commons by
Captain Yorke R.N. On the 17th an address to the King, of a
similar character, was presented to His Majesty at Brighton by the
Earl De La Warr. There was also a like petition to the House of
Lords.

On the 23rd of March, a poll was taken for the office of Registrary
of the University, vacant by the death of William Hustler Esq. M.A.
of Jesus College, when the votes were, for the Rev. Joseph Romilly
M.A. fellow of Trinity College, 233 ; for the Rev. Temple Chevallier
B.D. sometime fellow of Catharine Hall, 193.

At a public meeting of the inhabitants, held at the Town Hall, on
the 7th of May, Thomas Hovell Esq. in the chair, it was agreed to
petition the House of Lords to pasfi the Reform Bill, without any
alteration affecting its principle or diminishing its efficiency.

On the 16th of May, Mr. Green junr. ascended in a balloon from
Warwicker's yard, Barnwell. He was accompanied by a relative and
James Hope Esq. of St. John's College. The balloon descended
near Foulmire. On the 19th, Mr. Green ascended again from War-
wicker's yard, accompanied by Mr. Heywood of Trinity College and
Mr. Clarke of St. John's College. The descent, on this latter occasion,
was at Graveley, in this county.

By the Parliamentary Reform Act, which received the royal assent
on the 7th of June, the number of Knights of the Shire to serve
for Cambridgeshire was increased from two to three ; and the con-
stituency of the Borough of Cambridge was greatly enlarged by the
admission to the suffrage of all £10. householders, whilst freemen
admitted after the 1st of March, 1831, otherwise than in respect of

(I) Barncwall & Aclolphus's Rciiorts^ iii. 162,

574 WILLIAM THE FOURTH. L1832

birth or servitude, and all freemen not residing within the borough,
or seven miles thereof, were excluded from the right of voting. The
Act contains a proviso that nothing therein contained shall extend
to or in any wise affect the election of Members to serve in Parliament
for the Universities of Oxford or Cambridge, or shall entitle any
person to vote in the election of Members of Parliament for the city
of Oxford or town of Cambridge, in respect of the occupation of any
chambers or premises in any of the Colleges or Halls of the Uni-
versities of Oxford or Cambridge/^

On the 30th June, the Senate voted an address to the King, con-
gratulating him on his escape from an attack made on him at Ascot
Races, by a maniac named Dennis Collins. This address was pre-
sented at St. James's on the 11th of July.

The Act to settle and describe the Divisions of Counties and the Limits
of Cities and Boroughs (royal assent 11th July), appoints six polling
places for the county of Cambridge, viz.: Cambridge, Newmarket,
Royston, Ely, Wisbeach, and Whittlesey, and declares the Parliamen-
tary boundary of the Borough of Cambridge to be " The old Borough
of Cambridge. "(2)

Ou the 3rd of August, the royal assent was given to an Act to
authorize the identifying of lands and other possessions of certain
Ecclesiastical and Collegiate Corporations. It expressly extends to
the lands and possessions of the Colleges and Halls in the Universities
of Oxford and Cambridge.(3)

By Letters Patent, dated 6th of August, the King incorporated the
Cambridge Philosophical Society with power to hold in mortmain to
the extent of £2000. a year. The society shortly afterwards caused
a common seal to be engraved by Mr. Wyon, having thereon a figure
of Sir Isaac Newton, after the statue in Trinity College Chapel, with
this inscription, " Societas Philosophica Cantab. Incorp. mdcccxxxii."

The University this year accepted a legacy of £2000., free of duty,
given by the Reverend John Crosse, Vicar of Bradford, in Yorkshire,
for the purpose of founding three Theological Scholarships. The
necessary regulations were confirmed by a grace of the Senate, passed
on the 4th of December,

At the election of Members of Parliament for the Town, the can-
didates(4) were George Pryme Esq. Professor of Political Economy,

(1) Stat. 2 & 3 Gul. IV. c. 45, ss. 15, 27, 32, 78. Sched. (F 2.)

(2) Stat. 2 & 3 Gul. IV. c. C4, s. 29. Schcd. (N). Sched. (O).

(3) Stat. 2 & 3 Gul. IV. c. 80.

(4) Requisitions had been presented to the Hon. George Godolphin Osborne and
Christopher Tembcrton Esq., but they respectively declined to become candidates.

1832] WILLIAM THE FOURTH. 575

the Right Hon. Thomas Spring Rice(U one of the Secretaries of the
Treasur}-, and Sir Edward Burtenshaw Sugden(2) Knt. The poll was
taken on Parker's Piece on the 11th and 12th of December. 1247
electors voted, and the numbers were, Pryme, 979 ; Rice, 709 ;
Sugden, 540.(3)

The Right Hon. Henry Goulburn M.A. and t^je Right Hon. Charles
Manners Sutton(4) LL.D. both of Trinity College, were, on the 12th
of December, elected Members of Parliament for the University. John
William Lubbock Esq. M.A. of Trinity College, had been an opposing
candidate, but retired before the day of election.

The candidates for the representation of the County in Parliament
were, Captain Charles Philip Yorke R.N., Richard Greaves Townley
Esq., John Walbanke Childers Esq., and Henry John Adeane Esq.
The poll was taken in districts on the 18th and 19th of December.
The three first-named were elected, the votes being as follow • —

ELECTORS.

DISTRICTS

YORKE.

TOWNLEY,

CHILDERS.

ADEANE

1466

Cambridge

. 838

815

648

885

985

Ely. . .

604

606

517

478

1131

Newmarket

. 870

312

265

396

747

Royston .

404

343

357

373

753

Whittlesey

. 385

530

542

261

941

Wisbech .

. . 592

655

533

457

5923 3693 3261 2862 2850

At a public meeting of the inhabitants, convened by and presided
over by W. J. Purchas Esq. Mayor, and held at the Shire Hall, on

(1) Mr. Rice was educated at Trinity Colleg-e but took no degree till after he became
a member of the Privy Council. In or before 1820, he was elected to Parliament for the
city of Limerick. In 18:^7, he was appointed Under Secretary of State for the Home
Department, and in November. 1830, one of the Secretaries of the Treasury, being sworn
of the Privy Council. In June, 1834, he was constituted Secretary of State for the
Colonial Department, which office he held till December, in the same year. In April,
IBS.';, he was appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer, Avhich office he held till 18.39, when
he was raised to the peerage as Lord Monteagle of Brandon. He was shortly after-
Avards appointed Comptroller of the Exchequer.

(2) An eminent member of the Chancery bar. He Avas returued to Parliament for
Weymouth, in 182S, appointed Solicitor General in Hilary Vacation, 1829, (when he was
knighted) and held that office till Michaelmas Term, 1830. He was Lord Chancellor of
Ireland, from December, 1834, till April, 1835, and from September, 1841, to July, 1846.

(3) Plumpers. p. r. s.
27 Prjme 27 ,, ,,

5 Kice ,, 5 ,,

234 Sugden „ „ 234

Split Votes,

675 Pryme and Rice 675 675 ,.

277 Prvme and Sugden 277 „ 277

29 Rice and Sugden 29 29

1247 _979_ 709 540

(4) Speaker of the House of Commons, 1817-1834. Viscount Canterbury, 183&.

576 WILLIAM THE FOURTH. [1833

the 24th of December, it was agreed to petition the House of Com-
mons to abolish or reduce the Assessed Taxes, especially the duties
on houses and windows.

1833.

On the 6th of February, the Senate voted £200. from the University
Chest, in aid of the funds for the relief of the distressed Clergy in
Ireland. The Master and fellows of Trinity College also voted £100.
On the 30th of March, were executed at the Castle William West-
nott, aged 24, and Charles Carter, aged 22, for maliciously shooting
at William Kidd, a gamekeeper in the employ of the Earl of Hard-
wicke, at Kingston Wood, on the night of the 5th of January.
Charles Algood, aged 42, had been tried and convicted with them,
but his life was spared.

On the 28th of April, the Vicechancellor, Noblemen, Heads of
Colleges, and officers and members of the University, accompanied by
a deputation from the Pitt Committee (viz., Marquess Camden, Earls of
Clarendon and Harrowby, Lord Farnborough, Sir George Henry Rose,
Henry Banks Esq. and Samuel Thornton Esq.) went in procession from
the Senate House to the Pitt Press, where the Marquess Camden, after
an appropriate address, delivered the key of the building to Dr. Webb
the Vicechancellor, who returned thanks in the name of the University.
After each member of the deputation had printed off at the press a
copy of the inscription on the foundation stone, a cold collation was
given by the Press Syndicate to the Deputation, the Vicechancellor,
Heads of Houses, &c., &c.

On the 7th of May, the Senate voted a petition to the House of
Commons against the Irish Church Temporalities Bill. The votes
were, Non Regents: placets, 46; non-placets, 12 ; Regents : placets, 42 ;
non-placets, 9.

On the 11th of May, the Judges decided that the Colleges in this
University were not liable to pay duty in respect of their armorial
bearings.O

In or about May, certain inhabitants of the town petitioned the
House of Commons against the Irish Church Temporalities Bill.

On the 24th of May, the Senate voted petitions to both Houses
of Parliament against a bill for the relief of his Majesty's subjects
professing the Jewish religion. The votes were, Non Regents : placets,
27; non-placets, 4; Regents: placets, 27; non-plac<^|ji^ 14.

(1) Cases on Assessed Tax Acts, No. 814.

1833] WILLIAM THE TOURTH. 57*7

On the 21th of May, was presented to the House of Commons a
petition from Thomas Hovell, Henry Gunning, Ebenezer Foster,
William Freeman Coe, Henry Headly, Francis John Gunning,
William Garfit Ashton, William Herring Smith, and Charles Henry
Cooper, inhabitants of the town, detailing various abuses in the
Corporation, and praying that the House would adopt measures to
remove the grievances complained of, and for reforming the Corpora-
tion, and extending the privileges possessed by the freemen to all
persons qualified under the Reform Act, to elect representatives in
parliament for the town.O

On the 6th of June, the Senate voted a petition to the House of
Commons, against the Tithe Commutation Bill. The votes were,
Non Regents: placets, 28; non-placets, 10: Regents: placets, 27;
non-placets, 10.

The third anniversary meeting of the British Association for the
advancement of science took place at Cambridge, on the 24th, 25th,
26Lh, 27th and 28th of June. The general meetings w^ere held in the
Senate House. The President of the Association was the Rev. Adam
Sedgwick M.A. Woodvvardian Professor. There was a grand musical
festival on the 28th and 29th of June, and on the 1st of July.

On the 24tli of July, the royal assent was given to an act to
enable the election of officers of corporations and other public com-
panies then required to be held on the Lord's Day, to be held on
the Saturday next preceding or on the Monday next ensuing.(2)
Previously to the passing of this act, (which extends not only to
elections but to all business of a secular character,) the election of
Vicechaucellor and other officers of the University occasionally took
plac^ on Sunday.

On the 8th of August, 95 inhabitants of the town were proposed
as freemen, 41 were elected. With a single exception the latter were
all of one political party.

The Lighting and Watching Act, which received the royal assent
on the 28tli of August, contains a proviso that nothing therein con-
tained should extend to alter or in any manner to affect any of the
rights or privileges of the Universities of Oxford or Cambridge, or
any of the powers vested by charter or otherwise in the Chancellor,
Masters, and Scholars, and their successors of the said Universi-
ties.ca)

(1) Digested Report of Evidence before Corporation Commissioner:

(2) Stat. 3 & 4 Gul. IV. c. ;^1.

(3) Stat. 3 ic 4 Gul. IV. c. 00, s. 7G.

VOL. IV. 4 c

578 WILLIAM THE FOURTH. [I83S

George Long and John Backle Esquires, two of the Commissioners
for enquiring into the state of Municipal Corporations, held a public
Court of Enquiry at the Guildhall, in this town, on the 28th, 29th,
30th, and 31st of October, and the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 5th, 6th, and 7th of
November. They inspected the charters and books of the Corpora-
tion, and examined 32 witnesses, 19 of \vhom were connected with
the Corporate body. The Commissioners reported that the Corpora-
tion had neglected its municipal duty and abused its power in a
great variety of cases ; that corporate offices were exclusively con-
ferred upon persons of one political party ; that the police were
inefficient ; that the magistracy were not respected by the inhabitants j
that the funds of the corporate charities had been appropriated to
private purposes ; that corporate property had been improperly alien-
ated to corporators ; that in 14 years the Corporation had laid out
only £480. Os. lid. for public purposes, being less than one-fifteenth of
the sum expended by them in litigation ; that the bridges and com-
mons were greatly neglected ; that a portion of the town rates had
been misappropriated to the payment of sessions dinners for the
magistrates ; that out of a population exceeding 20,000 there were
only 118 resident freemen; and that the property held by the free-
men was rated at only £2110. 6s. 6d., the whole rateable value of
the property in the borough being £25,490.

In November, Mr. Robert Mackenzie Beverley, who had in 1821 gra-
duated as LL.B. at Trinity College, published " A Letter to his Royal
Highness the Duke of Gloucester, Chancellor, on the present corrupt
state of the University of Cambridge. "tU 1'his pamphlet, which ran
through several editions, was, with great justice, described by a con-
temporary journalist as containing " gross and revolting exaggeration
" in some instances, with positive invention in others, constituting
" altogether a heap of offensive calumny." The same journalist
further observed, " Mr. Beverley's is an invidious, envenomed, and
" offensive book, and can never serve as either guide or groundwork
" for any substantial amelioration of the establishment which he
" foully slanders. "(2)

(1) London, 8vo. 1833.

(2) Times, 2 Nov. 1833.

Mr, Beverley's Letter led to the publication of the following- pamphlets :—

1. Remarks upon Mr. Beverley's Letter to the Duke of Gloucester, coupled with a few
statements in contradiction of the charges therein contained, and illustrative of the present
state of the University of Cambridge, by a Member of Trinity College.— Camb. Svo. 1833.

2. A Letter to E.. M. Beverley Esq. from an Undergraduate of the University of Cam-
bridge.—Camb. Svo. 18.13.

3. A Letter to the Right Hon. Henry Goulburn M P., on the Morals and Religion of the
University of Cambridge, with reference to a recent Letter from R. M. Beverley Esq. to His
Royal Highness the Duke of Gloucester, by John Fuller Russell, of St. Peter's College.—
Camb. Svo, 1833.

18S4] WILLIAM THE FOURTH. 579

On the evening of the 2nd of December, a very violent attack was
made by an excited mob on the Anatomical Theatre. The riot act
was read, and by the exertions of the magistracy and constables
peace was restored, though not until considerable damage had been
done to the building and its contents. Tiiis outbreak was occasioned
by the body of an aged pauper, of Trinity parish, named Porter,
having been irregularly given up for dissection under a mistaken
construction of the Anatomy Act. The body was on the following
day restored to the parish officers for interment. Various persons
implicated in the outrage were held to bail, but none of them were
prosecuted.

On the 4th of December, Professor Pryme offered to the Senate
two graces for appointing syndicates to consider the propriety of
abolishing or modifying subscription on graduation. These graces
were rejected in the Caput.

On the 7th of December, John Stallan, aged 33, was executed at
the Castle, for arson at Great Shelford. He confessed himself the
author of ten fires, which had taken place at Shelford within the
five years preceding, and the only reason he gave for these repeated
acts of guilt was that he got six shillings at each fire for working
the engine.(i)

1834.

On the Gth of February, the Corporation resolved to unite with
the Corporation of Norwich and other Corporaiions in endeavouring,
by every lawful and constitutional means of resistance, to defeat any

4. A Letter to His Royal Highness Frederick Duke of Gloucester DC.L. Chancellor,
an vindication of the University of Cambridge from the calumnious attacks of R. M. Bever-
ley Esq.— Camb. 8vo. 1833.

5. The Beverleid an Epic, dedicated to the Members of the Cambridg-e University
Union, by Reginald Bell.— Camb. 8vo. 1833.

6. An Anglo-Sapphic Ode, dedicated (with French leave) to Robert Mackintosh Bever-
ley Esq. entitled The Friend of Veracity versus the Lie Grinder, being a Burlesque Imita-
tion of Mr. Canning's stanzas " The Friend of Humanity and the Knife Grinder." Not by a
Can-ning but a Can-tab. — Camb. Svo. 1833.

7. Fulmen Bcverleium longc late que exauditum. Carmen canino more asdificatum.—
Cantab. Svo 18.i3.

8. BE$EPAEI02 AnOKAAYHTOMENOS, Beverley unmaskt. a canino-greek poem
written for the instruction of R. M. Beverley, Liar, by Mr. Anti-Reform High-Church
Orthodox.— Camb. 8vo. 18.33.

9. Letter to R. M. Beverley Esq. in defence of his strictures on the University of Cam-
bridge, by an Undergraduate.— Camb. Svo 1834.

10. A Letter to R. M. Beverley Esq. coiitaining Strictures on his Letter to His Royal
Highness the Duke of Gloucester Chancellor of the University of Cambridge on the pre-
sent corrupt state of the University, bv Francis Russell Hall B.U. Rector of Fulbourn and
late Fellow of .St. John's College.- Canib. Svo. 1834.

11. Four Letters to the Editor of the Leeds Mercury in reply to R. M. Beverley Esq.
by the Rev. Adam Sedgwick M.A.. F.R.S., Woodwardian Professor and Fellow of Trinity
College, Cambridge.— Camb. Svo. 1836.

(1) See Funeral Sermon for John Stallan preached at Great Shelford, by Edwai'd Baincs
M.A. fellow of Christ's College. [Now Rector of Bluntisham cum Earith, Huntingdon-
shire.]—Camb. Svo. 1833.

580 WILLIAM THE FOURTH. [18;34

design that might be in contemplation for wresting from them their
ancient charters, liberties, and franchises.

On the 12th of February, Dr. Cornvvallis Hevvett Downing Pro-
fessor of Medicine offered to the Senate a grace for the appointment
of a syndicate to enquire as to the expediency of abrogating or
modifying subscription to the thirty-nine articles by medical gra-
duates. This grace was rejected in the Caput.

On the 5th of March, a grace passed requiring candidates for the
degree of M.B. to deliver to the Regius Professor of Physic certi-
ficates of having been diligently employed in attendance on Medical
Lectures and the practice of some w^ell-known hospital for two years,
or for as long a time as they have been absent from the University
during their undergraduateship ; also to allow Bachelors of Physic to
take out a licence to practice that faculty in the term after admission
to their degree on being examined and approved by the Regins Pro-
fessor of Physic and another Doctor in that faculty.

On the 12th of March, the Senate petitioned the King to be heard
by Counsel before the Privy Council in support of the prayer of the
petition from the Senate, dated March 9, 1831, respecting the Uni-
versity of London. (U Mr. Bickersteth (now Lord Langdale) was
accordingly heard on behalf of this University, at a meeting of the
Committee of the Lords of the Council on the 26th of April. The
University of Oxford and the College of Physicians also appeared
by Counsel to oppose the grant of a charter to the University of
London.

At the Lent Assizes was tried, before Lord Denman, an action of
false imprisonment, brought by Charles James Stewart, an under-
graduate of Jesus College, against William Chafy D.D. Master of Sid-
ney Sussex College. It appeared that in August preceding the plaintiff
was in the Court of Sidney College with Mr. Cannon, a solicitor^
who had gone there on business, when the defendant demanded their
names, and on their declining to give them ordered the college gates
to be shut and sent the porter for a constable, to whom he gave
them in charge, and by whom they were detained about three-
quarters of an hour. Dr. Chafy was afterwards required to make
an apology but refused to do so. A verdict was returned for the
plaintiff, with £25. damages ; and at the same assizes Mr. Cannon
recovered the same sum in a similar action brought by him against
Dr. Chafy.

(1) Vide ante, p. 608.

1834] WILLL\M THE FOURTH. 531

On the 2 1st of March, the following petition, signed by G2 resi-
dent members of the Senate(i) was presented to the House of Lords
by Earl Grey : —

To THE Right HoNOURAnLE the Lords Spiritual and Temporal in
Parliament assembled.
The humble Petition of the undersigned resident members of the

Senate of the University of Cambridge.
Sheweth,

That your Petitioners are honestly attached to the doctrines and discipline
of the Church of England as by law established, and are well persuaded
of the great benefits it has conferred and is conferring upon the kingdom
at large. They beg leave also to declare their sincere attachment to the
University of Cambridge grounded upon its connexion Avith the established
religion of the country and upon a conviction of the wholesome effect it
has produced on the learning piety and character of the nation. Strongly
impressed with this conviction they would humbly submit to your honourable
House their belief as Protestant Christians, that no civil or ecclesiastical
polity was ever so devised by the wisdom of man as not to require from
time to time some modification from the change of external circumstances or
the progress of opinion.

In conformity with these sentiments they would further suggest to your
honourable House, that no corporate body like the University of Cambridge
can exist in a free country in honour and safety unless its benefits be
communicated to all classes as v/idely as may be compatible with the
Christian principles of its foundation. Among the changes, which they
think, might at once be adopted with advantage and safety, they would
suggest to your honourable House the expediency of abrogating by legisla-
tive enactment every religious test exacted from members of the University be-
fore they proceed to degrees, whether of Bachelor, Master, or Doctor in Arts,
Law, or Physic. In praying for the abolition of these restrictions they
rejoice in being able to assure your honourable House that they are only
asking for a restitution of their ancient academic laws and laudable customs.
These restrictions were imposed on the University in the reign of King
James I., most of them in a manner informal and unprecedented, against the
wishes of many of the then members of the Senate, dui'ing times of bitter party
animosities and during the prevalence of dogmas both in Church and State
which are at variance with the present spirit of the English law and with the
true principles of Christian toleration.

Your Petitioners conscientiously believe that if the prayer of this Peti-
tion be granted, the great advantage of good Academic education might be
extended to many excellent men who are now for conscience sake debarred
from a full participation in them, though the true friends to the institutions
of the country. And your Petitioners are convinced that this is the best way
at once to promote the public good and to strengthen the foundations of the
civil and ecclesiastical establishments of this realm.

The University is a body recognized by the Law of England as a Lay
Corporation invested with important civil privileges, and on that account resi-

(1) Amongst the petitioners were Dr. Davy Master of Cains College, Dr. Lamb Master ol'
Corpus Christ! College, Professors Hewett. T.ee, Cuiiiming, Clark, BaLibage, Sedgwick. Airy,
Musgrave (now Archbishop of York), Henslow, and Willis, Mr. Bowstead (afterwards ISisliop
of Lichacld), Mr. Peacock (now Dean of Ely),and Mr. Thirlwall (now Bishop of St. David s).

58<J WILLIAM THE FOURTH. [1834

ing on no secure foundation which is not in harmony Avith the social sj-stem
of the state. Your Petitioners therefore humbly beg leave to suggest that as the
legislative bodies of the United Kingdom have repealed the Test Act and ad-
mitted Christians of all denominations to seats in Parliament and to places of
dignity and honour, they think it both impolitic and unjust that any rehgious
test should be exacted in the University previously to conferring the civil ad-
vantages implied in the degrees above enumerated.

Lastly, your Petitioners disclaim all intention of hereby interfering directly
or indirectly with the private statutes and regulations of individual Colleges,
founded as those Colleges are on specific benefactions and governed by peculiar
laws, of which the respective Heads and Fellows are the legal and natural
guardians.

To the several clauses of this Petition the consideration of your honourable
House is humbly but earnestly entreated.

The presentation of this petition produced a debate, in which the
Duke of Wellington, Lord Ellenborough, Lord Brougham Lord Chan-
ceHor, the Earl of Durham, and H. R. H the Duke of Cumberland took
part. A similar petition was presented to the House of Commons on
the 24th of March, by Mr. Spring Rice M.P. for the town of Cam-
bridge, and occasioned a debate on that and the two following days,
in which Mr. Goulburn, Mr. Pryme, Mr, Cobbett, Mr. Baines, Mr. Len-
nard, Mr. Wilks, Mr. Secretary Stanley, Colonel Williams, Sir Robert
Inglis, Mr. O'Connell, Mr. Shaw, Viscount Palmerston, and Sir Robert
Peel spoke.

On the 3rd of April, 110 resident members of the Senatev^) set forth
a protest against the foregoing petition.(2) This was soon afterwards

(1) Mr. King Vicechancellor, ten other Heads of CoUeg-es, Dr. Marsh Bishop of Peter-
borough, Professors Hollingworth, Turton [now Bishop of Ely], Scholefield, Parish, and
Miller, were amongst those who signed this protest.

(2) The following pamphlets were published with reference to the claim of Dissenters
to graduate in the Universities: —

1. On the Admission of Dissenters to reside and graduate in the University of Cam-
bridge, A Letter to the Right Hon. Viscount Althorp I\I.P.. by the Rev. Christopher
Wordsworth M.A. Fellow of Trinity College.— Camb. 8vo. 1834.— [To a second edition
was added a Second Letter on Mr. ^Vood's Bill.]

2. Thoughts on the Admission of persons without regard to their religious opinions
to certain degrees in the Universities of England, by Thomas Turton D.D. Regius Pro-
fessor of Divinity in the University of Cambridge and Dean of Peterborough. [Now Bishop
of Ely].— London, 8vo. 1834.

3. A Letter to the Rev. Thomas Turton D.D. Regius Professor of Divinity in the
University of Cambridge and Dean of Peterborough, on the admission of Dissenters to Aca-
demical D'egrees, by Connop Thirhvall M.A. Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. [Now
Bishop of St. David's].— Camb. Svo. 1834.

4. Some Remarks on the Dean of Peterborough's Tract entitled " Thoughts on the ad-
mission of Persons without regard to their religious opinions to certain degrees in the
Universities of England," by Samuel Lee D.D. Regius Professor of Hebrew in the Univer-
sity of Cambridge, Prebendary of Bristol, Vicar of Barwell, Somersetshire, &c.— Camb. 8vo.
1834.

5. Remarks on some parts of Mr. Thirlwall's Letter on the Admission of Dissenters to
Academical Degrees, by ^yilliara W' hewell M.A. Fellow and Tutor of Trinity College. —
Camb. Svo. 1834.

6. The Cambridge Petition Examined or Reasons against Admitting Dissenters to
Graduate in the Universities, with Remarks on Clerical Subscription, and the necessity of a
Church Estiblishment.— London, Svo. 1834.

7. A Second Letter to the Rev. Thomas Turton D.D. Regius Professor of Divinity in
the University of Cambridge and Dean of Peterborough, containing a Vindication of the
First on the Admission of Dissenters to Academical Degrees, by Connop Thirl'.vall M.A.
Fellow of Trinitv College, Cambridge.- Camb. Svo, 1834.

1834] WILLIAM THE FOURTH. 583

followed by the subjoined petition, signed by 258 members of the
Senate, the greater part being non-resident :—(')

To THE Right Honourable the Lords Spiritual and Temporal in
Parliament assembled.
The humble Petition of the undersigned members of the Senate of

the University of Cambridge.
Sheweth,

That your Petitioners have learned with the deepest concern, that "a Petition
from certain resident members of the Senate of this University has been re-
cently presented to your honourable House, praying for the abrogation " by
legislative enactment" of " every religious test exacted from members of the
University before they proceed to degrees, whether Bachelor, Master, or Doctor
in Arts, Law, or Physic."

That in the judgment of your Petitioners, a compliance with the prayer of
the aforesaid petition, must have the effect of admitting into the several Col-
leges persons whose religious opinions are avowedly adverse to the tenets of
the Established Church, and possibly opposed to the truth of Christianity
itself: and that under such circumstances, the maintenance of any uniform
system of wholesome discipline, or sound religious instruction, would, as your
Petitioners are firmly convinced, be utterly impracticable.

That notwithstanding the assertion of those Petitioners that they are only
asking for a " restitution of their ancient Academic Laws and laudable
customs," your Petitioners beg leave to assure your honourable House
that a conformity to the doctrine and discipline of the Established Church
has been required from all members of the University, according to their
several orders, both by its own laws and the statutes of the realm, ever
since the time of the Reformation, except during the calamitous period of
the overthrow of the Church and Monarchy in the middle of the seven-
teenth century.

That the tests now sought to be removed, appear to your Petitioners to
have been originally introduced, and after the restoration re-established, in a
manner similar to that in which various other statutes and ordinances have
been given by royal authority, for the government and good order of the Uni-
versity.

Your Petitioners therefore humbly and most earnestly pray that your
honourable House will not lend its countenance to the changes suggested in
the Petition above referred to, and thus in effect formally recognize and sanc-
tion dissent from the Established Church within the University itself ; but will
strenuously endeavour to preserve inviolate that constitution of the University
under which it has so long ministered to the public good, and has now for
many years been enjoying by the Divine favour uninterrupted internal peace
and continually increasing prosperity.

This petition was presented to the House of Lords on the 2l3t
of April, by H. R. H. the Duke of Gloucester Chancellor of the

8. Additional Remarks on some parts of Mr. Thirhvall's two Letters on the Admis-
sion of Dissenters to Academical Degrees, by W. Whewell M.A. Fellow and Tutor of
Trinity College.— Camb. 8vo. 1834.

i). The Admission of Dissenters to the Universities considered; a Sermon preached
in St. Mary's Church, Oxlord, on St. Barnabas Day, the Installation week, by John Hamil-
ton Gray ai.A. of Magdalen College, Vicar of Balsover and ScarclifF.— Oxford, 8vo. 1834.

(1) This Petition was rejected in the Caput. 1)71 additional signatures were subsequently
appended to a similar petition.

584 WILLIAM THE FOURTH. [1834

University, when a debate took place, in which Earl Grey, the Duke
of Wellington, Lord Brougham Lord Chancellor, Dr. Blomefield Bishop
of London, Dr. Monk Bishop of Gloucester, Dr. Philpotts Bishop of
Exeter, Lord Wynford, the Duke of Richmond, and Dr. Van Mildert
Bishop of Durham, delivered their sentiments. A like petition was
on the same day presented to the House of Commons, by Mr. Goul-
burn M.P. for the University.(^)

On the 17th of April, Colonel Williams moved the House of Com-
mons to address the King to abrogate subscription in the Univer-
sities with the exception of those proceeding to degrees in divinity.
Mr. George Wood thereupon proposed as an amendment that leave
be given to bring in a Bill to grant to his Majesty's subjects gene-
rally the right of admission to the English Universities, and of equal
eligibility to degrees therein, notwithstanding their diversities of
religious opinion, degrees in divinity alone excepted. This amend-
ment was supported by Dr. Lushington, Lord John Russell, Mr. Ord,
and Mr. Baines ; and opposed by Mr. Estcourt, Mr. Goulburn, and
Sir Robert Harry Inglis. On a division the amendment was carried
by 185 against 44, and leave was given to bring in the Bill, which
was read a second time on the 20th of June by 321 against 147, after
a debate in which it was supported by Mr. George Wood, Mr. Poulter,
Mr. Ewart, Mr. Edward Buller, Mr. Secretary Rice, Mr. Stanley,
Mr. Pryme, Viscount Althorp, and Mr. O'Connell ; and opposed
by Mr. Estcourt, Mr. Herbert, Mr. Wynn, Mr. Goulburn, Sir Robert
Harry Inglis, Sir Robert Peel, and Lord Sandon. The Bill was com-
mitted on the 2nd July, when Sir George Murray and Mr. Manners
Sutton the Speaker expressed their hostility to the measure, which
was supported by the Lord Advocate. The third reading was carried
on the 28th of July, by 1G4 against 75, after a debate in which the
Bill was supported by Mr. Vernon Smith, Mr. Baines, Viscount
Palmerston, and Mr. George Wood; and opposed by Mr. W. E.
Gladstone, Mr. Hughes Hughes, Mr. Sinclair, Mr. Goulburn, and Sir
Robert Harry Inglis.(2) The Bill having been forwarded to the House

(1) Dr. Lamb's Cambridg-e Documents. Ivi.— Ixiv. ; Hansard's Parliamentary Debates,
Third Series, xxii. 498, 569, Pi23, 674, 979, 1010.

(2) The following- incidental nroceeding-s in connection -n-ith this bill may here be noticed.
In a Committee of Supply, on the I4th of April. Mr. Roebuck opposed the vote of ;e2600.
for salaries and allowances to Professors in the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, on
the ground that Dissenters were excluded from participating in the advantages of those
national establishments. Afterabriel discussion in which Mr. Spring- Rice, Mr Roebuck,
Mr. Georg-e Frederick *> oung-, and Mr. Ewart took part, the vote was ag-reed to. — Hansard's
Parliamentary Debates, Third Series, xxii. 751.

On the 1st of May, the Earl of Winchelsea presented to the House of Lords, a petition
from upwards of 100 lay and clerical graduates of the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge,
resident in the eastern part of Kent, praying their Lordships to withhold their assent to
any act which would in the slightest degree interfere with the limitations under wliich

1834] WILLIAM THE FOURTH. 585

of Lords, tlie Earl of Radnor moved the second reading there on the
1st of August. The Duke of Gloucester proposed as an amendment
that it should be read a second time that day six months. This
amendment was supported by the Diike of Wellington, the Earl of
Carnarvon, Dr. Howley Archbishop of Canterbury, and Dr. Phillpotts
Bishop of Exeter. Viscount Melbourne and Lord Brougham Lord
Chancellor spoke in favour of the Bill. The House divided on the
original motion, Contents : (present, 38 ; proxies, 47 ;) 85 ; Non-Con-
tents : (present, 85; proxies, 102;) 187. Against this decision a pro-
test^) was entered by Lord Holland. (2)

On the 19th of April, the Master of the Rolls heard an Informa-
tion by the Attorney General (at the relation of William Herring
Smith and James Johnson) against the Corporation of Cambridge for
the maladministration of the funds of Sir Thomas White's Charity. A
reference to the Master was ordered, and ultimately the Corporation
were decreed to pay £1086. 5s. to the Charity, as also £224. 6s. lOd.,
the costs of the relators.

degrees were confen-ed at the Universities, The noble Earl in presenting this petition
strongly and at some length supported its prayer. — Hansard, Parliamentary Debates,
Third Series, xxiii. SGO.

. On the 2nd of May, Mr. Govilburn presented a petition to the House of Commons from
809 resident Bachelors of Arts and Undergraduates of Cambridge against the bill. On
the 5th of May, the question being put that this petition do lie on the table, a short dis-
cussion arose, in which Mr. Hutt and Mr. Goulburn took part, after Avhich the petition
Avas laid on the table. — Hansard, Parliamentary Debates, Third Series, xxiii. 420, 505.

On the 15th of May, Mr. Hughes Hughes presented a petition to the House of Com-
mons against the bill from the Corporation of the City of Oxford, and supported its
prayer, as did Lord Norreys and Mr. Blackstone, Avhilst Mr. George Wood explained
his object in introducing the bill. The Earl of Darlington also presented petitions from
several places to the same effect, whereupon Mr. Milnes Gaskell denounced the bill as
rather imposing disabilities on the Universities than removing them from the Dissenters.
— Hansard, Parliamentary Debates, Third Series, xxiii. 1029.

On the 22nd of May, Lord Kenyon presented to the House of Lords, a petition against
allowing Dissenters to graduate at the Universities. This occasioned a discussion, in
which Earl Filzwilliam spoke against the petition, and the Duke of Wellington, Dr.
Blomefield Bishop of London, Dr. Phillpotts Bishop of Exeter, the Earl of Winchelsea, and
Dr. Howley Archbishop of Cantei-bury in its favour. The petition being irregular was
withdrawn. — Hansard, Parliamentary Debates, Third Series, xxiii. 1185.

On the 10th of June, Mr. Hughes Hughes presented to the House of Commons, peti-
tions against the bill from several parishes in Oxford, and spoke against the measure. —
Hansard, Parliamentary Debates, Third Series, xxiv. 9.

On the 24th of June, Dr. Copleston Bishop of Llandaff in presenting several petitions
to the House of Lords, expressed his opposition to the bill. This occasioned some ob-
servations from Lord Brougham Lord Chancellor. After an explanation from the Bishop,
the Duke of Wellington charged the Lord Chancellor with attempting to pull doAvn the
Universities by statements with a view to their injury. This the learned Lord denied,
and the petitions were laid on the table. — Hansard, Parliamentary Debates, Third Series,
xxiv 80r).

(1) " Because it seems to me unreasonable to confine the academical honours of a na-
" tional University, or the degrees in arts and sciences (unconnected with divinity), to
" the members ot any i>articular church; and it appears yet more unwise and unjust to
" bar all such access" to knowledge (not purely ecclesiastical or theological) as a national
" University is enabled to afford against those who cannot conscientiously assent to the
" numerous propositions contained in the Thirty-nine Articles Excellence in the learned
" and liberal profes.sions of law and medicine in no degree depends upon religious be-
" lief ; and Providence not having annexed the avowal of any peculiar tenets in religious
" matters as the condition of atCaining human knowledge, I can discover no motive of
" prudence or duty which should induce human authority to impose any.

" Vassal Holland."

(2) Hansard, Parllamcntarv Debates, Third Series, xxii. 90:2; xxiv. 492,032, 1087 ; xx^s
815.

VOL. IV. 4 D

586 WILLIAM THE FOURTH. [l8Si

On the 22nd of May, the royal assent was given to the Great
Shelford Inclosure Act. It contains a clause requiring the Commis-
sioners, on payment of a competent sum, to set out and allot to the
Chancellor, Masters, and Scholars of the University of Cambridge,
and the Mayor, Bailiffs, and Burgesses of the Town of Cambridge, a
portion of land, not exceeding three acres, immediately surrounding
and contiguous to the Nine Wells, for the better preservation of the
channel or watercourse running from thence to the Town of Cam-
bridge. By another clause the channel or watercourse and six feet
of the soil next and immediately adjoining thereto, on both sides
thereof, is to be appropriated and set apart for the exclusive purpose
of conveying water to the Town of Cambridge, and the Vicechancellor
or Mayor are empowered to bring actions against parties inter-
meddling therewith. By another clause no building is to be erected
on the allotment, &c., except such as may be necessary for covering
or fencing in the sources of the watercourse. There is also a clause
reserving the right of the Great Shelford proprietors to drain into
the watercourse, and the rights of Emmanuel and Christ's Colleges.(i>

On the 22nd of May, the royal assent was given to an Act to
incorporate a Company for better supplying with Gas the Town of
Cambridge. (2)

The Right Honourable Thomas Spring Rice having vacated his
seat in Parliament for the Town, by accepting the office of Secretary
of State for the Colonial Department, offered himself for re-election^
but was opposed by Sir Edward Burtenshaw Sugden Knt. At the
close of the poll, which was taken on the 11th and 12th of June,^
the votes were. Rice, 615 ; Sugden, 590.

Daniel Mesman, of Knightsbridge, Esq., bequeathed an extensive
collection of pictures(3> to the University after the death of his
brother, the Rev. Charles Mesman, who however gave up his life
interest in the bequest, and the collection was this year forwarded
to the University. These pictures have since been deposited in the
Fitzwilliam Museum.

On the 27th of September, a public meeting was held at the Town
Hall, Christopher Pemberton Esq. in the chair, to hear an explana-
tion from Mr. N. W. Cundy Civil Engineer, of his plan of a railroad
from London to Cambridge, and thence to York.(4) Ebenezer Foster

(1) Stat. 4 & 5 Gul. IV. c. 3, (private).

(2) Stat. 4 & 5 Gul. IV. c. xxiv, (local and personal).

(3) 248 paintings and 33 drawings and prints.

(4) Mr. Cundy's scheme entitled " The Grand Northern and Eastern Railway," was to
construct aline from Kingsland by Tottenham. Cheshunt and Hoddesdon, to Bishop's Stort-
ford, thence by Saffron Walden to Cambridge, Peterborough, Stamford, Granthaii), Newark,

i^Si] WILLIAM THE FOURTH. 587

Esq. proposed a resolution that the plan was not likely to answer
the anticipations of the projectors. This was seconded by S. P.
Beales Esq., but on the motion of Edward Ball Esq. seconded by
Mr. E. Favell, a Committee was appointed to consider the project.
This Committee reported, 1st. That the proposed railway was ex-
pedient so far as respected the local interests of the neighbourhood
of Cambridge. 2ndly. That no data had been laid before them to
enable them to report in favour of its expediency so far as respected
the local interests of the Town of Cambridge. 3rdly. That from
deficiency of information, they had not been enabled to form any
opinion upon the merits of Mr. Cundy's plan. This report was
brought forward at another public meeting, held in the Town Hall,
on the 8th of October, at which Mr. Pemberton also presided. At
this meeting resolutions were passed that the proposed railway would
be very beneficial to the County and Town of Cambridge, and that
Mr. Cundy's plan was the one best deserving the support of the
County and Town. A committee was also appointed to promote the
measure. The resolutions were proposed and supported by H. J.
Adeane Esq., K. G. Townley Esq. M.P., Edward Ball Esq., Mr.
William Thurnall, Mr. John Oslar, Samuel Prest Esq., Mr. Alexander
Watford, and Mr. Barrett of Yarmouth ; whilst E. Foster Esq., S.
P. Beales Esq., and Mr. Richard Cort (author of a pamphlet against
railways), opposed the scheme. Mr. Walker Civil Engineer being
called upon, said that if Mr. Cundy's plans were correct, the line
was excellent, and that his estimate was ample.

At the election of Vicechancellor, Dr. William French Master of
Jesus College, and Dr. Gilbert Ainslie Master of Pembroke College,
were nominated by the Heads. Some of the Senate feeling dissatisfied
that Dr. John Lamb Master of Corpus Christi College had not been

Lincoln and Gainsborough to York. This line was to meet the Leeds railway at Selby, and
there were to be branches to Hertford and Ware and a branch from Cambridge by New-
market, Bury, and Thetford, to Norwich and Yarmouth. It was proposed to construct this
line in sections of from 50 to fio miles at a time. It was estimated that the tirst section ironi
London to Cambridge would cost £900,000. and could be completed in IS months.

At the same time Mr. Gibbs projected a line from High Street W"hitechapel, to Norwich,

by Duuraow, being 97 miles, with a line from Dunmow to the north through Cambridge.

The estimated cost of the 97 miles from London to Norwich was £1,600,000. This line was

to start from Whitechapel in an excavation of 18 feet and was to pass under the Regent's

■ Canal.

In the early part of 1825. a railway from Bishop's Stortford to Cambridge had been pro-
jected, and there was existing in that year a company called the London Northern Rail-
road Company, George Hibbert Esq, being the chairman of the directors. The directors
on the 25th February, 182j, after a diligent and deliberate inquiry into the relative advan-
tages and impediments attendant upon various lines from London towards Manchester, de-
termined to prefer a line commencing at the river Thames below London Bridge, and pro-
ceeding by the vale of the Lea, near Ware, through Cambridgeshite, Huntingdonshire,
and the vale of the Soar, and on the 29th of May, 1825, they resolved to confine their
attention in the first instance to ett'ecting a communication between London and Crauford,
in Derbyshire, there to join the proposed High Peak ILail Road, whence a communication
with Manchester might thereafter be effected.— Cambridge Chronicle, 31st January, 11th
November, 1«25.

588 WILLIAM THE FOURTH. [1835

nominated according to the rotation usually adopted, opposed Dr.
French's election. The votes however were, French, 73 ; Ainslie, 35.

At a public meeting of the inhabitants, held at the Town Hall,
on the 4th of December, it was resolved to establish a regular and
efficient police. A committee was appointed to carry this resolution
into effect, but the project fell to the ground until the Municipal
Corporation Act came into force.

On the 12th of December, John Jeffreys Marquess Camden(i) K.G.
LL.D. of Trinity College, was unanimously elected Chancellor of
the University in the room of H. R. H. the Duke of Gloucester,
deceased.

On the 17th of December, Hugh- Percy Duke of Northumberland
K.G. LL.D. of St. John's College, was elected High Steward of the
University, that office being vacant by the 'death of Philip Earl of
Hardwicke K.G.

1835.

Charles Philip Earl of Hardwicke was appointed Lord Lieutenant
and Custos Rotulorum of the County of Cambridge, in the room of
his uncle, Philip Earl of Hardwicke, deceased.

At the General Election there was a contest for the representa-
tion of the Town in Parliament, the former members, the Right Hon.
Thomas Spring Rice and George Pryme Esq. being opposed by James
Lewis Knight(2) Esq. At the close of the poll, on the 7th and 8th
of January, the votes were, Rice, 736; Pryme, 693; Knight, 688.(3)

(1) Eldest child and only son of Chalres Earl Camden Lord High Chancellor of Great
Britain, born 11th February, 1759, educated at Trinity College, M.A. 1 779, LL.D. 1832. On
the 21st of May, 1780, he was appointed one of the Tellers of the Exchequer. At the general
election in the same year, he was returned to Parliament for Bath. He was a Lord of the
Admiralty from July. 1782, to April, 1783, and from December, 1783, to July, 1788. In April,
1789, he was appointed a Lord of the Treasury, which office he held tUl May, 1794, when he
became a member of the House of Peers by his father's death. In April, 1795, he went to
Ireland as Lord Lieutenant, and continued in that office till June, 1798. On the 14th of
August, 1799. he was elected a Knight of the Garter, was Secretary of State for the Colonies
from May, 1804, to July, 1805, when he v.a-; constituted Lord President of the Council,
which office he held till February, 180(5, and from March. 1807, to April, 1812. In Septem-
ber, 1812, he was created Marquess Camden. In 1817, he voluntarily gave up to the public
the surplus fees and emoluments of his office of Teller of the Exchequer, amounting up to
the time of his death to above a quarter of a million. He died at his seat, the Wilderness,
in Kent, on the 8th of October, 184.0, in the 82nd year of his age.

(2) Appointed King's Counsel Michaelmas Term, 1829. At the general election in 1831,
he was returned to Parliament for Bishop's Castle, a borough disfranchised by the Reform
Act. He afterwards by royal License assumed the name of Bruce, was in Michaelmas
Term, 1841, appointed one of the Vicechanccllors of England, and shortly afterwards re-
ceived the honour of knighthood.

(3) Plumpers. k. p. k.

3 Rice 3

4 Pryme ,, 4 ,,

558 Knight , „ 558

Split Votes.

646 Rice and Pryme G4G 64C

87 Rice and Knight 87 ,. 87

43 Pryme and Knight ,, 43 43

1341 '/3fi 693 688

1835] WILLIAM THE FOURTH. 589

The candidates for the representation of the County in Parliament
were, Eliot Thomas Yorke,(0 Richard Jeaifreson Eaton, Richard
Greaves Townley, and John Walbanke Childers Esquires. The three
first-named were elected. The poll was taken in districts on the
15th and IGth of January, with the following results :—

.ECTORS

DISTUICTS.

YOUKE.

EATON.

TOAVNLEY.

CHILDERS.

1486

Cambridge .

. 860

790

849

737

973

Ely. . . .

643

459

525

584

1079

Newmarket .

. 878

920

285

210

669

Royston . .

. 435

36?.

312

308

741

Whittlesey .

393

286

470

538

947

Wisbech . .

. 661

444

629
3070

602

5895

3870

3261

2979

On the 6th of March, the Earl of Radnor moved in the House of
Lords for certain returns respecting oaths taken at the Universities,
and entered into a discussion of the subject. This occasioned a de-
bate, in which the Duke of Wellington, Dr. Copleston Bishop of
Llandaff, Lord Brougham, and Dr. Monk Bishop of Gloucester spoke.
The returns required were ordered. So far as regarded the Univer-
sity of Cambridge, the return was confined to a copy and transla-
tion of the oath taken at matriculation.l^)

The Cambridge and Cambridgeshire Mechanics Institute was esta-
blished at a public meeting (convened by the Mayor, in pursuance
of a numerously signed requisition) at the Town Hall, on the 12th
of March.

In April, certain inhabitants of the town addressed the King, ex-
pressive of confidence in Sir Robert Peel's administration. A similar
address to the King, from certain inhabitants of the county, was
also signed, together with an address to Sir Robert Peel, in which he
was commended for his courage, talent, and straightforward honesty
of purpose. These addresses were presented after Sir Robert Peel had
notified his intention to resign office.

On the 9th of April, the Senate voted an address to the King,
expressive of sorrow and alarm at witnessing the efforts then making
to establish the principle that the revenues of the Protestant Church
may be applied to other than Ecclesiastical and Protestant pur-
poses. There were, Non Regents: placets, 54; non-placets, 17;
Regents : placets, 32 ; non-placets, 10. The address was presented
at St. James's Palace, on the 6th of May, by the Marquess Camden

(1) In February, 1836, Mr. Yorke his brothers and sister had the King's permission to
enjoy the same title pre-eminence and precedence as if their father Sir Joseph Sydney Yorke,
had survived Philip Earl of Hardwicko and thereby succeeded to that title and dignity.

(2) Hansard, ParUaraentary Debates, Third Series, xxvi. 076.

590 WILLIAM THE FOURTH. [1835

Chancellor, accompanied by Dr. French Vicechancellor, the Heads of
Colleges, &c., the Duke of Northumberland High Steward of the
University, the Duke of Gordon, Earl de la Warr, Earl Brecknock,
Viscounts Canterbury, Clive and Alford, the Bishops of London and
Winchester, Sir Frederick Pollock Commissary of the University, the
Right Hon. Henry Goulburn and Hon. C. E. Law Representatives
in Parliament for the University, and a long train of Doctors, Masters
of Arts, Bachelors of Arts, and Undergraduates, in all above 200.
The King, in his reply, stated that upon the great question to which
the address referred, he should be anxious to receive the advice of
his responsible ministers and of the great council of the nation as-
sembled in Parliament, and that he trusted the measures they would
recommend would be calculated to secure the safety of the Church,
and to avert any impending danger.

At the County Sessions, held on the 10th of April, the Corpora-
tion -were indicted for not repairing Garret Hostel Bridge. The
indictment being removed into the King's Bench, judgment by de-
fault was entered against the Corporation.

This year, the Duke of Northumberland High Steward of the
University presented to the Observatory a magnificent telescope of
nearly 12 inches aperture and 20 feet focal length made by M.
Cauchoix of Paris.

On the 11th of June, the Earl of Radnor introduced into the
House of Lords a Bill to do away with the necessity of subscribing
to the Thirty Nine Articles on matriculation at either of the Uni-
versities.(i) His Lordship moved the second reading on the 14th of
July, and supported the motion in a lengthened address. Dr. Howley
Archbishop of Canterbury moved that the Bill be read a second time
that day six months, and Dr. Copleston Bishop of Llandaff, Dr. Monk
Bishop of Gloucester, and the Duke of Wellington severally spoke in
favour of the amendment ; whilst Viscount Melbourne and the Duke of
Richmond supported the Bill. Their Lordships divided on the original
motion, which was rejected by a majority of 106. Contents: (pre-
sent, 28 ; proxies, 29 ;) 57 ; Non-Contents : (present, 85 ; proxies, 78 ;)
163.(2)

On the 12th June, in a Committee of Supply of the House of
Commons on a vote of £2000. for salaries and allowances to certain

(1) Subscription at matriculation not being required at Cambridge, it seems the bill did
not afFect this University, except by abolishing subscription of being a member of the
Church of England taken by Bachelors of Arts, so far as regarded persons being under
23 years of age.

(2) Hansard, Parliamentary Debates, Third Series, xxviii. 612 ; xxix. iQt],

1835] WILLIAM THE FOURTH. 592

Professors of the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, Mr. Tooke
opposed the grant, because those Universities opposed a Charter to
the London University. Mr. Goulburn, the Chancellor of the Ex-
chequer, and Mr. Pease supported the grant, which was carried by
86 against 3.(J)

In the evening of the 4th of .Tuly, the Marquess Camden Chan-
cellor of the University arrived at Trinity College Lodge, where he
was received by the Master and Fellows. Dr. French Vicechancellor,
the Heads of Houses, &c., immediately paid their respects to the
Chancellor, who was also visited the same evening by the Duke of
Northumberland High Steward of the University, who was staying
at St. John's College Lodge. On the following day (Sunday, the 5th)
the Chancellor attended divine service at Great St. Mary's Church,
both morning and afternoon. On the 6th, he held a levee at Trinity
College Lodge, and then proceeded to the Senate House, where he
created twenty-seven Honorary Doctors of Law and seven Honorary
Masters of Arts, and where some of the distinguished visitors who
were members of the University of Oxford were admitted ad eundem
in this University. After the congregation, the Chancellor attended
a levee held by the Archbishop of Canterbury, at Sidney College
Lodge; and afterwards dined with the Vicechancellor, in Jesus Col-
lege Hall. On the 7th, the Chancellor again presided in the Senate
House, where, after the usual ceremonies and proceedings incidental
to the Commencement, the following Installation Ode, written by the
Rev. Christopher Wordsworth M.A. fellow of Trinity College, and
set to music by T. A Walmisley Mus. Bac. Organist of Trinity and
St. John's Colleges, was performed : —

Recit. In happier hours of olden time,

While hearts heroic earned a juster fame,
When to the Valleys of his native clime
And lofty Citadels the Victor came,
Crown'd beneath the olives hoar
That fringe with silver the Olympian plain,
Or, where the surges of the double main
Beat on the weary Isthmian shore ; —
Air. Before his Car a Virgin train

Showr'd roses, and a Youthful Band

Danc'd in his path, and festal paeans sung,

And o'er him, waving in her hand

A glistening palm, while breezes fann'd

Her pinions gently pois'd, a Nymph-likc Victory himg.

(1) Hansard, Parliamentary Debates, Third Series, xxviii. 772,

592 WILLIAM THE FOURTH. [1835

Scena. Wherefore flashes yonder gleam

Of Warriors arm'cl that pour along

Through Alban vales an argent stream ?

Ushcr'd by the swelling Song,

And rich Avith pictur'd trophies torn

From Indus, and the rifled Morn,

See the Latian Conqueror come !

Him, Father of his Country, mighty Komc

Salutes, and welcomes with that issuing throng.

Him the champing Coursers bear

Along the Sacred Slope, o'crspann'd

By Arcs triumphal, on whose marble head

Monarchs and bearded Captives stand;

Cities and Kingdoms are before him led,

And Provinces that weep with trailing hair.

And thus his ponderous wheels, slowly revolving, roll

Up to his Heav'n on Earth, the golden Capitol.

Quartett. Fair is the Warrior's mural crown,
And fair the laurell'd wreath,
The flow'rs that with them twin\d have blown
Fade not, bedimm'd by death.
Recit Trophies and triumphs are there, not of War ;
Peace on His brow her olive wreath shall bind,
Who wielding weapons of undaunted Mind,
Wealth for his Country wins, and spurns his own
A Victor, chaining to his peaceful Car
Passions his Captives : Hence is His Renown,
And these his Crecys, these his Talaveras are !

Chorus^ Then let a peal of Joy prevail
Camden ! to bid Thee hail !
Thee to her sacred Fanes, and storied Halls
Hung with their own heraldic blazonry
Of Names in Arts renown'd and graceful Chivalry,
Names of her deathless Sons, Thee Granta calls !
Solo. Welcome to the arching Groves

That musing Meditation loves.
And to the Temple's holier shade
By pensile stone in woven fretwork made.
Grand Chorus. And welcome to Thy venerated Throne

Where Villiers' grace of old and Cecil's grandeur shone,
Fill it ! By Patriot Right Thou hast it for thine own !

Scena. But ah ! the passions of the trembling Lyre ! —

What changeful notes those Elder Names inspire ! —

For now, another Name, a Royal Name

Is there, with those that heard, but can no longer hear;

1835] WILLIAM THE FOURTH. 593

Too honor'd for the silent tear,

Too lately lost, for Fame !

But ere it die upon the languid ear,

Let His sad Dirge and solemn Knell proclaim,

He once our Bark did guide, now shines his Memory dear

A star engrav'd in Heav'n, by which our course to steer.

Air. Camden ! o'er the Ocean spray

That Light with faithful gleam shall play
To lead thee on thy willing way.
Now blithely to the sunny gale
Stoop we the bosom of the swelling sail ;
Prayers of the noble and the good
Shall waft Thee o'er the buoyant flood;
Scena. And— Prelude of thy Course and promis'd horae-
The shoals escap'd, and cross'd the briny foam.
See ! what majestic Augurs come !

Foremost, in iron clad, a King is there
Too mighty for his quailing foes,
Too weak to vanquish Care.

He once a Son did weep(l) untimely lost, but now,
Rear'd by himself, on Granta's holy ground,
Sons has he, iSons immortal found.
And therefore, loosen'd from his faded brow.
With martial Lilies crown'd.

His Coronal he weaves about Thy Vessel's prow;
Next, happier Richmond,(2) he who twin'd
The snowy with th' ensanguin'd Rose,
Brings them, a chaplet on that prow to bind.
Solo Sf Chorus. And saintly Margaret braids her pearly flower

To cheer, though billows chafe, and storms around thee lower.

Scena. Whither, Sage Nereids, ye who dwell

Beneath the boundless Intellectual deep;

And there in Starry Grot, and Coral Cell

Your twilight Vigils keep ;

Whither, your realms mysterious to explore.

Is the sacred Vessel bound ?

More holy than that yearly Bark which bore

With dash of silver oar,

And lutes soft sound,

Its festal Pageant to the Delian shore,

While the Earth laugh'd, and Airs ambrosial play'd around.

(1) Edward III. father of the Black Prince, founder of King's Hall, afterwards part of
Trinity College. He added the lilies of France to the arms of England.

(2) Henry VII. and his mother. Lady Margaret of Richmond. He was a great bene-
factor to King's College. She founded St. John's and Christ's Colleges. Her device was
the flower called la belle Marguerite.

VOL. IV. 4 E

594 WILLIAM THE FOURTH. [1835

Shall it track with upward Course,
By Science led, the River bright
Of Light's (1) primeval beams,

(Like one who hunts the lair of couching Streams,
Niger, Euphrates, or Memnonian Nile)
Till it be moor'd hard by the essential Source
Where the Sun drinks his everlasting gleams.
And Stars in silver Urns updraw their liquid light r
Air. Or shall it anchor in the cyrstal bay
Of that belov'd Hesperian Isle,
Where Bards Archaic chant a living lay,
And Antique Heroes at their side
By might and meekness deified,
The calm of cloudless day
With graceful joys beguile,

Where fruits of nectar glow, and golden blossoms smile;
Duett. Yet shall not the Lotus sweet
Of that magic isle betray,
Nor beguile the Bark to stay
Becalm'd for ever in that blissful seat.
Forgetful of its Home,(2) and holier Bow'rs
Of Idumean Palms, and Amaranthine Flowr's.

JRecit. O Camden! swayed by Thy auspicious power
Where'er the Vessel aim, whate'er the form
Of Cloud around, in sullen Storm,
In Sunshine, and in Shower,
Still by the Compass may it steer

Of Faith, and Hope with lightsome gleams shall cheer
Caught from the distant hour.
Grand Chorus. So, when from elemental Wars
And strife of Tempest free.
Like to the Bark by Sirens sung,
The First that plough'd the lonely waste of Sea,
In silver waves of Ether hung,
A Constellation may it be.
And sail among the Stars !(3)

The Chancellor dined the same day in the Hall of Trinity College,
and on the 8th he attended the performance of a selection of Sacred

(1) To which subject the attention of the University had recently been more particu-
larly called.

(2) The " cunctorum laborum ac peregrinationum humanarum sabbatura ac partus nobil-
lissimus." — Bacon.

(3) Mr. James Peters silversmith of this town, caused to be struck in gold, silver,
bronze and white metal, a medal in commemoration of the Marquess Camden's In-
stallation. On the obverse is a bust of the Marquess with the leg-end " joan : Jeffreys
march: CAMDEN : NOEiLiss : ACAD; CANTAB: cANCELL : 1835." On the reverse is a
view of the interior of the Senate House, surmounted by Fame flying and bearing a
wreath. In the exergue " deum timeto : regem honorato: .virtutem colito : dis-
ciPLiNis BONIS OPERAM DATo" There was also published a view of the interior of the
Senate House, as it appeared during the ceremony of the Marquess Camden's Installation,
drawn and etched by Tliomas Dighton, and acquatinted by G. Reeve.

1835] WILLIAM THE FOURTH. 595

Music in Great St. Mary's Churcb.d) He then proceeded to the
Pitt Press, where the first three sheets of a splendid edition of the
Bible were struck off by the Chancellor, His Royal Highness the
Duke of Cumberland, Prince George of Cambridge, the Duke of
Wellington,(2) the Duke of Northumberland High Steward of the
University, the Archbishop of Canterbury, &c. The Chancellor, after
dining at St. John's College Hall, attended the Commencement Ball
at the Town Hall. On the 9th, he visited King's College Chapel,
and attended a public breakfast in Neville's Court, Trinity College,
of which nearly 2000 persons partook, and which was followed by
dancing, and a grand display of fireworks. The Chancellor dined on
that day at King's College Hall. On the lOtb, after paying com-
plimentary visits to the several Colleges, the Chancellor left for
Bourn Hall, the seat of Earl De La Warr.(3)

On the 8th of July, the first stone of a new Master's Lodge, at
Magdalene College, was laid by Prince George of Cambridge.

On the 17th of July, it was agreed at a public meeting of the in-
habitants, convened by the Mayor, at the Town Hall, and over which
Thomas Hovell Esq. presided, to petition the House of Lords in
favour of the Municipal Corporations Bill. On the 29th, the Cor-
poration sealed a petition to the House of Lords against this Bill,
praying to be heard by Counsel. On the 10th of August, it was
resolved at a public meeting of the inhabitants, held at the Hoop
Hotel, Thomas Hovell Esq. in the chair, to petition the King to pass
the Bill.

The Highway Act, which received the royal assent on the 31st of
August, contains a proviso that nothing therein contained should
extend to alter or in any manner to affect any of the rights or
privileges of the Universities of Oxford or Cambridge, or any of the
powers vested by charter or otherwise in the Chancellors, Masters,
and Scholars, and their successors, of the said Universities.(^)

(1) The Messiah was performed at Great St. Mary's, on the morning- of the 4th, and on
the evening of that day, and on the 7th, there were Concerts in the Senate House.

(2) The Duke of Wellington arrived in Cambridge on the 6th of July, and was received
with rapturous enthusiasm. He was escorted into the town by about 1000 horsemen.
At Addenbrooke's Hospital his horses were taken from his carnage which was drawn by
the people to Trinity College, where he was entertained during his stay in Cambridge.
On the 9th, a large number of farmers of Cambridgeshire, headed by Mr. William Thur-
nall, presented his Grace with a congratulatory address, in which pointed allusion was
made to the subject of agricultural distress.

(3) Before and after the (Commencement there were dramatic performances by amateurs
in the Hall of Downing College. On the 4th of July, the play Avas Shakspere's First Part
of King Heni-y the Fourth. On the 10th of July, were performed Sheridan's Rivals, and
part of the Critic by the same author,

(4) Stat, 5 & 6 Gul. IV. c. 50, s. 114.

596 WILLIAM THE FOURTH. [1835

By an Act, to which the royal assent was given on the 9th of
September, the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge are empowered
to make statutes authorizing the substitution of a Declaration in
lieu of any oath.C)

An Act respecting Weights and Measures, which received the
royal assent on the 9th of September, contains the subjoined
proviso : —

Provided always, and be it enacted, that nothing in this Act shall
extend to prohibit, defeat, injure, or lessen the rights or privileges of either
of the Universities of Oxford or Cambridge, but that the Custody of the
Assize, Assay, and overlooking of Weights and Measures in the City of
Oxford and its Suburbs, and in the Town of Cambridge, shall continue as
heretofore and be in the Chancellor, Vice Chancellor, or his Deputy, of the
said Universities respectively; and that the Chancellor, Vice Chancellor, or
his Deputy, of each of the said Universities for the time being, and none
other, shall have the Power, and is or are hereby authorized, as Occasion may
require, to appoint in and for the said City and Suburbs, and in and for
the said Town respectively, an Inspector or Inspectors of Weights and Mea-
sures, and shall have the Power and Authority to perform and execute all
such Matters and Things as are required or are granted to Justices of the
Peace of any County, City, Town, or other Jurisdiction in England and Wales,
under the Provisions of this Act, or by any or either of the said recited
Acts ;(2) and every such Inspector is hereby authorised and empowered to put
in force and execute all such Powers and Provisions as are by this Act, or
by any or either of the said recited Acts, granted to or required of any In-
spector or Inspectors of Weights and Measures appointed as aforesaid by the
Justices of the Peace in Quarter Sessions assembled.(3)

An Act to provide for the regulation of Municipal Corporations
received the royal assent on the 9th of September. Under this act
the Corporation of Cambridge took the name of "Mayor, Aldermen
and Burgesses of the Borough of Cambridge," in lieu of the former
name of "Mayor, BaiUfFs, and Burgesses of the Borough of Cam-
bridge." All male occupiers of houses, counting-houses, warehouses,
or shops, having occupied for a certain period, and being inhabitant
householders within the borough, or within seven miles thereof,
are, on enrolment, constituted burgesses and members of the body
corporate. The governing power is vested in a Council, consisting of
10 Aldermen and 30 Councillors, by and from among whom the Mayor
is to be chosen annually on the 9th of November. The borough was
to be divided into five wards, each to have a certain number of
Councillors, to be chosen by the burgesses of that ward. One-third
of the Councillors for each ward are to go out of office annually,

(1) Stat. 5 & 6 Gul, IV. c. 62, s. 8. See the repealed stat. 5 & 6 Gul. IV. c. 8, s. 7.

(2) Stat. 5 Geo. IV. c. 74; 6 Geo. IV. c. 12.

1835] WILLIAM THE FOURTH. 597

their places being supplied by a fresh election. The Aldermen are
to be elected by the Council, and one-half of the number are to go
out of office every three years, when a fresh election is to take
place. A clause, that powers vested in Trustees might be trans-
ferred to the Councils of Boroughs, contains a proviso that no trans-
fer of such powers vested by virtue of the Cambridge Paving Act
should be made without the consent of the Chancellor, Masters and
Scholars of the University of Cambridge. It was also enacted that
nothing in the act contained should be construed to alter or affect
the rights or privileges, duties or liabilities, of the Chancellor, Masters
and Scholars of the Universities of Oxford or Cambridge respectively,
as by law possessed, under the respective charters of the said Uni-
versities or otherwise, or to entitle any person to be enrolled a
Citizen of the City of Oxford or Burgess of the Borough of Cam-
bridge, by reason of his occupation of any rooms, chambers, or pre-
mises in any cf the Colleges or Halls of the Universities of Oxford
or Cambridge, or either of them, or to compel any resident member
of either of the said Universities to accept any office in or under
the body corporate of the Mayor and Citizens of the City of Oxford,
or of the Mayor and Burgesses of the Borough of Cambridge, or to
authorize the levy of any rate within the precincts of the said Uni-
versities, or of any of the Colleges or Halls of the same, which then
by law could not be levied therein.CU

On the 6th of November, the Revising Barristers, in pursuance
of the preceding Act, divided the Borough into five wards, as fol-
lows : —

1. East Barnwell Ward. — The Parish of St. Mary the Less and such
part of the Parish of St. Andrew the Less as lies on the same side as the
New Town Gaol of a line commencing at the Conduit Head, on the Trumping-
ton Road, thence eastward along the boundary of the Parish of St. Andrew the
Less, to the point at which the same meets East Road, thence along East
Road to the point at which the same meets the Newmarket Road, and thence
eastward along the Newmarket Road, to the point at which the same crosses
the boundary of the Parish of St. Andrew the Less.

2. West Barnwell Ward.— The Parish of St. Benedict and such part of
the Parish of St. Andrew the Less as is not included in East Barnwell Ward.

3. Market Ward. — The Parishes of St. Mary the Great, St. Giles, and
St. Edward.

4. Trinity Ward. — The Parishes of St. Botolph, Holy Trinity, Holy
Sepulchre, and St. Clement.

5. Saint Andrew's Ward. — The Parishes of St. Andrew the Great, All
Saints, St. Michael, and St. Peter.

(1) Stat. 5 & 6 Gul. IV. c. 76, S3. 6, 9,25, 30, 31, 43, To, 137. Sched. A sect. 1, Sched. E.

598 WILLIAM THE FOURTH. [1835

To each ward were assigned six Councillors. This division was
afterwards duly confirmed by an Order in Council.(0

At a public meeting, held at the Town Hall, on the 14th of No-
vember, Christopher Pemberton Esq. in the chair, and which was
attended by upwards of 1000 of the most respectable agriculturists,
merchants, and inhabitants of the Town and County, resolutions
were passed approving of Mr. James Walker's proposed line of rail-
way from London to Cambridge and York, and from Cambridge to
Norwich and Yarmouth

At a public meeting, held on the 23rd of November, at the Town
Hall, the Earl of Hardwicke Lord Lieutenant of the County in the
chair, it was resolved to enter into a general subscription for the
relief of the Irish Clergy. £100. was voted from the University
chest, and altogether upwards of £2000 was collected.

On the 26th of December, the election of Thirty Councillors (six
for each of the five Wards) took place, pursuant to the Municipal
Corporations Act and an Order in Council founded thereon. The
following is a statement of the poll in each Ward : —

East Barnwell Ward.— Thomas Hovell, 187 ; Patrick Beales, 185 ; Richard
Foster jun. 185 ; Augustine Gutteridge Brimley, 184 ; Julian Skrine, 183 ;

Robert Haylock, 183 : Alexander Watford, 3 ; Francis Hopkins, 1 ; James

Twiss, 1 ; James Gotobed jun. 1 ; Henry Marshall, 1 ; John Tunwell jun. 1.

West Barnwell Ward. — Ebenezer Foster, 228; Henry Gunning M.A. 227;
Charles Asby, 223; Thomas Nutter, 215; George Livett, 213; William Bacon,

(1) In 1837, the Goverment introduced into the House of Commons, a bill (which did not

pass) to settle the Boundaries and Wards of certain Cities and Boroughs. So much of

Schedule (B) as relates to Cambridge is subjoined :—

" CAMBRIDGE.

" Wards 4. Councillors 30.

'• No. 1. New Town Nine.

" — 2. Coldham Nine.

•'—3. Castle Six.

" —4, Trinity Six.

" New Town Ward.— The several Parishes of St. Mary the Less, St. Botolph, St. Ed-
" ward, and all the Parts of the Parish of St. Benedict, except the Part which lies insulated
"' in the Parish of St. Andrew the Less ; also so much of the Parish of St. Andrew the Less
" as lies to the South of the following Line : (that is to say)

" From the Conduit Head on the Trumpington Road, Eastward, along the Boundary of
" the Parish of St. Andrew the Less to the Point at which the same meets the Mill Road;
** thence, Southward, along the Mill Road to the Point at which the same meets East
" Road; thence along East Eoad lo the Point at which the same meets the Newmarket
" Road ; thence, Eastward, along the Newmarket Road to the Point at which the same
" meets Coldham's Lane; thence along Coldham's Lane to the Point at which the same
" crosses the Boundary of the Parish of St. Andrew the Less ;

" And also the insulated Parts of the Parishes of Holy Trinity and of St. Andrew the
" Great which lie within the Boundary of New Town Ward as hereinbefore described.

"Coldham Ward.— That Part of*the Parish of St. Andrew the Less which is not in-
" eluded in New Town Ward ; the Parish of St. Andrew the Great (excepting the small
" Part thereof contained in New Town Ward); the Parish of St. Mary the Great, and such
" Parts of the Parishes of St. Benedict and the Holy Trinity as lie within the Boundary of
" Coldham Ward as hereinbefore described.

" Castle Ward.— The several Parishes of St. Giles, St. Peter, St. Clement, and St.
" Sepulchre.

•' Trinity Ward.— The respective Parishes of St. Michael and All Saints, and so much
" of the Parish of the Holy Trinity as is not included in any of the before-doscrib'jd Wards."

1836] WILLIAM THE FOURTH. 599

212. William Papvvorth, 94; Frederick Thackeray M.D. 88, Henry Marshall

jun. 83 ; Rowland Morris Fawcett, 80 ; Joseph Jonathan Deighton, 68 ; Samuel
Austin Turner, 66.

Market Ward.— Charles Finch jun. 183 ; John Clay, 181 ; Thomas Hallack,

178; Thomas Baker, 173; William Bell, 172; Francis Eaden, 171. George

Fisher, 148 ; Stephen Rowley, 143 ; William Bishop, 141 ; Thomas Stevenson,
138 ; Francis Beales, 132 ; George Salmon, 125.

Trinity Ward.— Charles Claydon, 225; William Freeman Coe, 224 ; Samuel
Pickering Beales, 221 ; William Warren, 207 ; J ohn Eaden, 203 ; Charles Finch

Foster, 203. William Swann, 124 ; Michael Headly, 110 ; Joseph Wentworth,

110; Thomas Tomson, 104; Edward Litchfield, 92.

St. Andrew's Ward.— Elliot Macro Smith, 275; Henry Headly, 233 ; Charles
Humfrey, 226; Samuel Evans, 226; William Searle, 224; Archibald Swinton,

207. Alexander Scott Abbott, 153; Field Dunn Barker, 150; Stephen

Thrower, 125; John Okes M.B. 122 ; John Deighton, 112; George Fello.vs, 93.

The Election of Ten Aldermen took place pursuant to the beforemen-
tioned Act and Order in Council, on the 31st of December, when the
jbllowing were chosen : Elliot Macro Smith, Ebenezer Foster, Charles
Humfrey, William Anderson, William Simpson, James Nutter, Ben-
jamin Bridges, Henry Steward, Charles Newby, and John Grafton.

1836.

On the 1st of January, the Council unanimously elected Thomas

V ^-' <?»»--^Hovell Esq. Mayor. They, on the same day, removed the Duke of

^X^^^j^rRutland from the office of High Steward of the Town, and elected

f^j^ . thereto Francis Godolphin Lord Godolphin. Charles Pestell Harris

was removed from the office of Town Clerk, to which office Francis

John Gunning was appointed. Charles Henry Cooper was appointed

Coroner, and AVilliam Herring Smith Treasurer.

On the 19th of January, the Council voted an address from the
Corporation to the King, thanking him for having given his assent
to the Act for regulating Municipal Corporations.

A contested election for the office of Public Orator, vacant by the
resignation of the Rev. Ralph Tatham B.D., took place on the 4th of
February. The votes were, for the Rev. Christopher Wordsworth M.A.
fellow of Trinity College, 264 ; for the Rev. John Frederick Isaacson
B.D. fellow of St. John's College and tutor of King's College, 169.
On the 2nd of March, a petition from a large number of land-
owners and occupiers of the County, complaining of the depressed
state of agriculture and praying relief, was presented to the House of
Commons by R. J. Eaton Esq. one of the Members for the County.
On the petition of the Council, the King, by Letters Patent, dated
the 4th of March, granted to the Mayor, Aldermen, and Burgesses,
that a separate Court of Quarter Sessions of the Peace should
thenceforward continue to be holden in and for the Borough. His

600 WILLIAM THE FOURTH. [1836

Majesty appointed Henry StorksCO Serjeant-at-Law Recorder, the
annual salary of the office having been fixed by the Council at £42.(2)

On the 11th of March, were sold by auction, by order of the
Council, the plate,(3) china, glass, table linen, knives, forks, &c., be-
longing to the Corporation. Some of the Council proposed that the
maces should also be sold/4) but this was not agreed to. The sale
produced only £133.

On the 19th of March, the Poor Law Commissioners made an
Order, declaring that from the 2nd day of April following, the four-
teen parishes in the Borough should be united for the administration
of the Laws for the relief of the Poor, by the name of the Cam-
bridge Union. The number of Guardians is fixed at thirty, of which
number four are to be elected by the parish of St. Andrew the Less,
and two by each of the other parishes. The annual election of
Guardians is appointed to take place on the first Thursday after
Lady Day in each year, and the qualification of a Guardian is de-
clared to be assessment to the Poor Rates in some parish in the
Union, in respect of hereditaments of the annual value or rental of
not less than £20.

In or about March, the Watch Committee appointed by the Council
under the provisions of the Municipal Corporations Act, established
a police force, consisting of a superintendent, 2 inspectors, 4 Ser-
jeants, and 24 constables, all of whom were provided with appropriate
uniforms.

Francis Offley Martin Esq., one of the Commissioners of Charities,
this year visited Cambridge, to enquire into the various Charities of
the Town and neighbourhood, for which purpose he held public
sittings at the Guildhall.

A contest for the office of Public Orator, which had again become
vacant, by the resignation of the Rev. Christopher Wordsworth M.A.,
took place on the 27th of April, when the votes were, for the Rev.
Thomas Crick B.D. fellow and tutor of St. John's College, 358 ; for
the Rev. Thomas Thorp M.A. fellow and tutor of Trinity College, 318.

(1) Mr. Serjeant Storks was entitled to this appointment under the provisions of the
Municipal Corporations Act, as having been Deputy Recorder at the passing of that mea-
sure.

(2) Increased to £63. on 21st March, 1839.

(3) Amongst the plate were the following articles : — A rose water dish, the gift of Capt.
Robt. Muriel, 1676. A cup. the gift of Samuel Henry Pont Recorder, 1742. Two stoops,
the gift of John Purchas, 1759. Two stoops, the gift of Joseph Bentham. 1759. A stoop, the
gift of William Norfolk, 1759. A cup, the gift of Joseph Bentham and William Norfolk, 1759.
Two stoops, the gift of John Whittred, 1701. Four stoops, the gift of William Weales, 1762.
A coffee pot, the gift of Thomas Halstead, 1 765. A tankard, given by the Common Council.
Twelve salt spoons, the gift of Alexander Scott Abbott, 1823. Twelve salt spoons, the gift
of George Busby White, 1823, and twelve salt spoons, the gift of John Spencer, 1823.

C*) Several Corporations about this time sold their maces and regalia.

1836] WILLIAM THE FOURTH. 601

On the 5th of May (being within ten days after the grant of a
separate Court of Quarter Sessions had been signified to the Council),
William Garfit Ashton was appointed Clerjc of the Peace for the
Borough, and Charles Henry Cooper was re-elected Coroner during
good behaviour.

On the 13th of May, there was a contested election for a Coun-
cillor of Trinity Ward, in the room of Samuel Pickering Beales,
deceased. The candidates were Robert Edwards, who polled 117
votes; and Thomas Stearn, who polled 62 votes.

On the 11th of June, a large meeting of the labouring classes,
principally from the adjacent villages, was held on Parker's Piece,
when, after the Rev. F. H. Maberly had addressed them at great
length and in strong terms on the subject of the Poor Law Amend-
ment Act, petitions to both Houses of Parliament for the repeal of
that measure were adopted.

On the 4th of July, the royal assent was given to an Act for
making a Railway to form a communication between Loudon and
Cambridge,(i) ^vith a view to its being extended thereafter to the
Northern and Eastern Counties of England.(2)

The Sale of Bread Act, to which the royal assent was given on
the 28th of July, repealed all Acts relating to the Assize and Price
of Bread. It contains the following proviso : —

Provided always, and be it enacted, That this Act or anything therein
contained shall not extend or be construed to extend in any way to affect,
lessen, or infringe upon any Right or Custom of the Universities of Oxford or
Cambridge, or either of them, or of any Lord or Lords of any Leets, or the
Rights of any Clerk or Clerks of the Market in any Place which may be ex-
ercised and enjoyed by them, or any of them, by virtue of any Charter, Bye
Laws, Prescriptions, Usages, Customs, Privileges, Grants, or Acts of Parliament,
except so far as relates to the Assize of Bread and the Regulations of the
Price and Weight thereof; but that all such Rights and Privileges shall be

(1) This Eailway (the proprietors of which were incorporated as the Northern and
Eastern Railway Company) was to commence near Frog Lane, in the pax-ish of Islington,
and to proceed thunce through Hackney, Stoke Newington, Tottenham, Ponder's End,
Waltham Cross, Cheshunt, Broxbonrn, Stanstead Abbots, Roydon, Harlow, Sawbridgc-
worth, Spelbrook, Hockerill, Uishop's Stortford, Stanstead Mountlitchet, Elsenhara,
Newport, Wcndon, Chesterford, Wliittlesford, and Shelford, to Trumpington, where it was
to terminate, near the lliver Cam, by Edleston's Farm House. By an Act passed I9th
July, 1839(2 & 3 Vict. cap. Ixxviii.), the Northern and Eastern Itailway Company were
empowered to deviate from the above line in the parish of Tottenham, and to form a
junction Avith the Eastern Counties Railway at or near Angel Lane, in Stratford. By
another Act, passed 4th June, 1840 (Stat. 3 & 4 Vict. cap. lii.). the Northern and Eastern
Railway Company were empowered to abandon the line from Hockerill to Trumpington.
By another Act, passed 31st May, 184:^ (Stat. 6 8c 7 Vict. cap. xxviii.) powers were given
to extend the Railway from Hockerill to Ncwjjort. By another Act, passed the 23d May,
1844 (Stat. 7 &8 Vict. cap. xx.), the Northern and Eastern Railway Company were em-
powered to lease their railway to the Eastern Counties Railway Company, who, on the 4th
July, 1844 (Stat. 7 & 8 Vict. cap. Ixii.), obtained power to extend the Railway from Newport,
by Cambridge to Ely, and thence eastward to Brandon, and westward to Peterborough.

(2) Stat. 6 & 7 Gul. IV. cap. ciii. (local and personal).
VOL. IV. 4 F

g02 WILLIAM THE FOURTH. [18S6

held, exercised, and enjoyed, by the Parties respectively entitled thereto, as
fully and amply to all Intents and Purposes as the same were held, exercised,
and enjoyed before the passing of this Act, any thing herein contained to the
contrary notwithstanding.(l)

The Justices of the Peace for the Borough having given notice
that a General Meeting for granting Licences for Inns, Alehouses,
&c., would be held on the 22nd of August, the Vicechancellor issued
the subjoined Notice - —

Notice.
To THE Keepers of Inns, Alehouses, and Victualling Houses, withii^

THE PkECINCTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE, AND ALL OTHERS
WHOM IT MAY CONCERN

"Whereas Public Notice has been given, purporting to be signed by Charles
Humfrey and William Freeman Coe, Esquires, as the majority of Justices
present at a Petty Sessions of the Justices of the Borough of Cambridge, ap-
pointing Monday, the 22nd day of August next, at Ten o'clock in the forenoon
of that day, at the Guildhall of the said Borough, for holding a Special
Sessions of Justices, called the " General Licensing Meeting " for the said
Borough, for granting Licences for keeping Inns, Alehouses, and Victualling
Houses, to sell exciseable Liquors by retail, to be drunk or consumed on the
premises of the applicant, in the said Borough.

Now I do hereby give Public Notice, that the sole and exclusive right of
granting such Licences being vested in the Vice-Chancellor of the said Uni-
versity for the time being, I do hereby caution the several Keepers of Inns,
Alehouses, and Victualling Houses, within the Precincts of the said University,
and all other persons whom it may concern, against keeping any such Inn,
Alehouse, or Victualling House, within the aforesaid Precincts, mthout such
Licence from the Vice-Chancellor of the said University for the time being.

Given under my hand, this Sixth Day of August, 1836.

George Archdall, Vice-Chancellor.

Emmanuel Lodge, August 6, 1836.

The Justices thereupon issued the following notice: —

To Keepers of Inns, Alehouses, and Victualling Houses, within the
Borough of Cambridge, and to all others whom it may concern.

Notice.
I have been directed by the Magistrates for the Borough, this day assembled,
to repeat the notice already given to persons " keeping Inns, Alehouses, and
Victualling Houses," within the Borough of Cambridge, to appear at the
Guil4|all, on the 22d of August instant, at Ten o'clock in the forenoon ; at
whiclT time and place all persons requiring Licences to Sell exciseable Liquors
by Retail, to be drunk, or consumed upon their premises, will be attended to ;
and their request, if thought right, granted, notwithstanding the Public Notice
of the Vice-Chancellor, dated the 6th day of August, 1836.

J. Eaden, Jun.

Clerk to the said Magistrates-
Cambridge, August 9, 1836.

(1) Stat. G & 7 Gul. IV. c. 87, s. 33.

1836] WILLIAM THE FOURTH. QQg

A Licensing Meeting was accordingly held by the Justices on the
22nd of August, when about 200 persons attended and obtained
licences. The dispute as to the power of licensing between the Vice-
chancellor and Justices subsequently occasioned legal proceedings.(i)

By an Act, which received the royal assent on the 13th of August,
the Vicechancellor for the time being, the Representatives in Parlia-
ment for the time being, the Heads and Presidents of all Colleges
and Halls for the time being, all Doctors in Divinity, all Doctors of
Law and Physic resident in the University and Liberties thereof, the
Proctors and Bedels for the time being, were constituted Land Tax
Commissioners for the University of Cambridge ; and by the same
Act, the Mayor, Aldermen, Recorder and Councillors for the Borough
for the time being, were, with others, constituted Commissioners of
the Land Tax for the Town of Cambridge.(2)

" An Act for the better Administration of Justice in certain Bo-
roughs," which received the royal assent on the 20th of August,
<;ontains the following clause : —

'And :,thereas Doubts have been entertained whether, under the Provisions
' of the said recited Act,(3) it may be lawful for his Majesty from Time to Time
* to constitute and appoint the Vice-Chancellor of the University of Cambridge
' for the Time being a Justice of the Peace in and for the Town and Borough
' of Cambridge ;' ee it therefoke enacted, That it shall be lawful for His
Majesty, His Heirs and Successors, from Time to Time, if His Majesty shall
so think fit, in and by His Commission of the Peace for the said Town and
Borough, to constitute and appoint the Vice-Chancellor of the University for
time being a Justice of the Peace for the said Town and Borough, any thino-
in the said recited Act or in this Act to the contrary notwithstanding : Pro-
vided ALWAYS, that no Vice-Chancellor of the said University, by reason of his
being named in any Commission of the Peace for the said Town and Borough
shall thereby have as touching the Grant of Licences to Alehouses, any greater
Authority as Justice of the Peace than any other Justice of the Peace named
in any such Commission, but that nothing in this Act shall be construed to
alter or in any way to affect the Rights and Privileges which the Vice-Chan-
cellor by virtue of his Office now lawfully has or enjoys, or might have law-
fully had and enjoyed if the Vice-Chancellor had not been appointed under
the Provisions of this Act a Justice of the Peace for the said Town and
Borough W

The Lord Chancellor, under the provisions of the Municipal Cor-
porations Act, appointed William Adams, William Freeman Coe,
Charles Henry Cooper, Samuel Evans, Charles Finch Foster, Richard
Foster Junr., Henry Headly, Thomas Hovell, James Johnson, William

1) See under the year 1838.

(2) Stat. 6 8c 7 Gul. IV. c. bO.

(3) Stat. 5 & 6 Gill. IV. c. 75, s, V8.

(4) Stat. 6 & 7 Gul. IV. c. 105, s. 12.

604 WILLIAM THE FOURTH. [1837

Mortlock, William Searle, and William Herring Smith, Trustees of
the Hospital of St. Anthony and St. Eligius, Sir Thomas White's
Charity, and Knight's Almshouses, which charities had been under
the controul of the Corporation.

On the 5th of October, the Board of Guardians, in pursuance of
the Act for Registering Births, Deaths, and Marriages, and with the
approval of the Registrar General, divided the Town into the follow-
ing Registration Districts :—

St. Andrew the Less District, comprising the Parish of St. Andrew the
Less.

St. Giles's District, comprising the Parishes of St. Giles, St. Peter, St.
Clement, and the Holy Sepulchre.

Great St. Mary's District, comprising the Parishes of St. Michael, St.
Mary the Great, St. Edward, St. Benedict, St. Botolph, and St. Mary the Less.

Great St Andrew's District, comprising the Parishes of the Holy Trinity,
St. Andrew the Great, and All Saints.

At the election of Mayor, there were 18 votes for Ebenezer Foster
Alderman, and 11 for Elliot Macro Smith Alderman.

On the 15th of November, William Poulter, of St. Andrew's Street,
was discommuned by the Vicechancellor and nine other Heads of
Colleges, for having suffered persons in statu pupillari to resort to
his house for the purpose of playing at billiards.

The following railway schemes in connection with Cambridge, were
proposed in the course of this year : —

1. Cambridge, by Whittlesey and Peterborough to York— [by the Northern
and Eastern Railway Company].

2. Cambridge to Tring— [by Mr. Cruikshank],

3. Cambridge, by Newmarket, to Bury St. Edmund's.

4. The Cambridge Transverse Railway from Cambridge, eastward to New-
market and Bury St. Edmund's ; and westward to St. Ives, Huntingdon,
Thrapston and Kettering, to Market Harborough, there to join the projected
South Midland line to Northampton and Leicester.

5. The Grand East and West Junction Railway from Cambridge, by Caxton,
St. Neot's, and Bedford, to Newport Pagnell, there to join the London and
Birmingham Railway.

None of these schemes were carried into effect.

1837.

On the 3rd of January, a general subscription was commenced to
supply the poor and sick with bread, soup, and blankets, during the
severe season. About £350. was subscribed.

At a public meeting of the inhabitants (convened by the Mayor,
and over which he presided) held at the Town Hall, on the IGth of
January, it was agreed to petition the House of Commons in favour

1837] WILLIAM THE FOURTH. 605

of the adoption of vote by ballot at parliamentary elections. The
resolutions were proposed and supported by R. Foster jun. Esq.,
Mr. J. J. Cribb, George Leapingwell, Esq., Mr. C. H.Cooper, H. S.
Foster Esq., and P. Bealcs Esq. George Pryme Esq., one of the
Members for the Town, also addressed the meeting.

In Hilary Term, Edwin Sandys obtained from the King's Bench a
rule calling on the Master and Fellows of Peterhouse to shew cause
why a mandamus should not issue commanding them to admit Mr.
Boteler, his nominee, to a fellowship on the Parke foundation in
that college, and Sir Edwin Bayntun Sandys Bart, obtained a
like rule, in favour of Mr. Lamotte, his nominee. The Court after-
wards enlarged both rules until after the trial of a feigned issue
which they directed to try whether Mr. Sandys had a better right
to nominate than Sir E. B. Sandys. Mr. Sandys had a verdict on
this issue, which was tried before Lord Denman at the London sit-
tings after Michaelmas Term, 1838. After an unsuccessful applica-
tion for a new trial, the Court discharged Sir E. B. Sandys's rule*
and made the rule absolute for a mandamus to admit Mr. Boteler.
This mandamus issued and was obeyed.CO

On the 16th of March, the Senate voted a petition to the House
of Commons against the Bill for abolishing Church Kates. About
the same time petitions against the Bill were sent up from each
parish in the town. Petitions in its favour were also sent up from
this town.

The Earl of Radnor this year introduced into the House of Lords
a Bill reciting that the Colleges and Halls established at Oxford and
Cambridge are possessed of great estates and funds, bestowed with
the intention of providing for poor and indigent persons, of pro-
moting religion and virtue, and of encouraging learning and the
liberal arts ; that many of such Colleges and Halls were founded in
times of remote antiquity, and nearly all of them before the reign
of Queen Elizabeth ; and that the statutes prescribed by the original
founders had been altered, and latterly many even of their more re-
cent statutes had also been long and habitually disregarded in the
ordinary administration of their affairs ; and enacting that Commis-
sioners should be appointed by the King, under the Great Seal, to
enquire into the amount, nature, and application of the estates and
funds of the said Colleges and Halls, and into the said statutes and
the ordinary administration of the affairs of each College and Hall,
and also how Air the said estates and funds might be made more

(1) Adolphus & Ellis's Reports, New Scries, i. 311.

(306 WILLIAM THE FOURTH. [1837

conducive to the objects intended by the founders and benefactors,
and for which they were endowed, and to the diffusion of religion
and virtue, and the encouragement of learning and the liberal arts.
St. John's and King's Colleges petitioned against this Bill, as also
the University of Oxford and several of the Colleges there. The
second reading was moved by the Earl of Radnor on the 11th of
April, whereupon Dr. Copleston Bishop of Llandaff proposed as an
amendment that it should be read a second time that day six months.
This amendment was supported by the Marquess Camden (Chan-
cellor of this University), Dr. Howley Archbishop of Canterbury, the
Duke of Wellington, and Lords Abinger and Wynford, whilst Lord
Holland, Viscount Melbourne, and Lord Brougham expressed their
approval of the Bill. The amendment was carried without a divi-
sion, but the Earl of Radnor, Lords Holland, Brougham, Hatherton,
Sommerhill, and Duncannon entered a protest against the decision.(')

On the 4th of May, Mr. Pry me, one of the Members for the Town
of Cambridge, moved the House of Commons to address the King to
issue a Commission to enquire into the state of the Universities of
Oxford and Cambridge and the respective Colleges therein. Mr. Ed-
ward Lytton Bulwer seconded the motion, which Mr. Poulter opposed.
Mr. Spring Rice Chancellor of the Exchequer (the other Member for
the Town) suggested that the Crown should be left to act upon
its own sense of public duty without the interposition of the House,
and intimated that he should move the previous question if his
colleague pressed the motion to a division. After an explanatory
speech from Mr. Goulburn, who stated that the Universities would
themselves make such regulations as the change of circumstances
required, and a few words from Mr. Escourt, the motion was with-
drawn'; Mr. Pryme expressing a hope that Ministers would take the
necessary steps on their own responsibility.(2)

On the 8th of May, the Earl of Radnor moved in the House of
Lords the appointment of a Select Committee to inquire into the
practice and statutes of the Colleges and Halls in the Universities
of Oxford and Cambridge, and to report whether any legislative
measure was necessary to enable the governing bodies to make
alterations and amendments. This occasioned a debate, in which
the Duke of Wellington, the Marquess Camden, Dr. Copleston Bishop
of Llandaff, Dr. Kaye Bishop of Lincoln, Dr. Monk Bishop of Glou-

(1) Hansard's Parliamentary Debates, Third Series, xxxvii. 1001.— Shortly after the
lejection of the Earl of Radnor's bill appeared "A Historical Account of the University
"of Cambridge, and its Colleges; in a Letter to the Earl of Radnor, by Benjamin Dunn
"" Walsh, M.A. Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge."— London, 8vo. 1837.

<2) Hansard's Parliamentary Debates, Third Series, xxxviii, 50'3.

1837] WILLIAM THE FOURTH. 607

cester, Dr. Whateley Archbishop of Dublin, Lord Brougham, Lord
Wynford, and the Earl of Winchelsea took part. The Duke of
Wellington and the Marquess Camden, the Chancellors of the two
Universities, having intimated that the greater portion of the Col-
leges were willing and desirous of entering upon a revision of their
statutes through the instrumentality of their Visitors, the Earl of
Radnor withdrew his motion.d)

On the 19th of May, Viscount Canterbury presented to the House
of Lords a petition from 753 resident Bachelors and Undergraduates of
the University against any interference with the statutes of the Uni-
versity, praying their Lordships not to sanction any measure that
might endanger its security, and expressive of confidence in those
by whom it was governed.

On the 23rd of May, the Earl of Radnor presented to the House
of Lords a petition from certain Undergraduates for an alteration of
the statutes of the University.(2) This petition had 136 signatures.

On the 24th of May, Her Royal Highness the Princess Victoria
attained the 18th year of her age. A congratulatory address to Her
Royal Highness on the occasion was voted by the Council, and 220
of the inhabitants celebrated the event by a dinner at the Town
Hall, Ebenezer Foster Esq. Mayor presiding. In the evening there
was a grand display of fireworks in the grounds of King's College,
and the Town Hall, the principal inns, and several private houses
were illuminated.

On the 31st of May, Lord Langdale(3) Master of the Rolls made
a decree on an information by the Attorney General (at the relation
of William Reeves Jeremiah Thring and William Metcalfe) against
the Master and Fellows of Gonville and Caius College and others,
with reference to the Free Grammar School founded by Stephen Perse
M.D. and the other charitable purposes of his will.(*) His Lordship
declared that the lands and funds then in possession of the Col-
lege, as trustees and supervisors of Dr. Perse's will (except £100.
part of such fund), are subject to the trusts of the will of Dr.
Perse; and that the sum of £100. is subject to the trusts of the
will of Mr. Grif!ith(5) j that the school-house and other property,

(1) Hansard's Parliamentary Debates, Third Series, xxxviii, 658.

(2) Ibid. 978.

(3) His Lordship, when Mr. Bickcrsteth, had himself, as one of the four senior fellows of
Gonville and Caius College, been a Trustee of Ur. Perse's benefaction. In or about 1S30
he voluntarily returned to the College nearly £800, which had been paid him out of the
Perse fund, but to which he conceived he was not justly entitled.

(4) Vide Vol. iii. p. -94.

(5) Vide Vol. iii. p. 94,n. (1).

008 WILLIAM THE FOURTH. [1837

situate in Free School Lane, in Cambridge, together with the income
arising from such part thereof as shiill not be occupied for the pur-
pose of the school, and the lodgings of the master and usher, and
the interest of the £100. bequeathed by the will of Mr. Griffith, are
applicable exclusively to the purposes of the school. He referred it
to the Master to enquire what the property, other than the property
in Free School Lane, and the £100. bequeathed by the will of Mr.
Grifiith, then consisted of, and in whom the same was then vested,
with liberty to state special circumstances. He declared that the
whole income of such property, after setting apart a proper sum to
answer contingences, ought to be divided amongst the several ob-
jects mentioned in the will of Dr. Perse, or such of them as were
then subsisting ; and that, in the distribution of the income among
such objects, the Master and fellows were entitled to apply, to such
charitable objects as they thought fit, such share of the income
as shall bear to the whole thereof the same proportion as the sum
of £G. 5s. 4d. bears to the sum of £250. He referred it to the
Master to approve of a scheme for the general administration of
the property, and for the application of the income of the trust
fund;(n the Master in approving a scheme for the application of the
income, to be at liberty to vary the proportions in which the in-
come is to be apportioned among the subsisting objects ; and the
Master and four Senior Fellows of the College to be at liberty to
claim an increased allowance for their pains. He also referred it
to the Master to approve of a scheme for the future conduct and
management of the school,(i) having regard to the share of the general
income which should be allotted to the master and usher, and to the
income to arise from the property in Free School Lane, and the £100.
bequeathed by the will of Mr. Grifiith ; and the Master, in settling
the scheme, was to be at liberty to approve of a plan for adding
instruction in writing and arithmetic to instruction in grammar, and
other learning fit to be taught in a grammar school. His Lordship
ordered the costs of all parties to be paid from the funds of the
Charity.(2)

This year, Garret Hostel Bridge was rebuilt of iron, at the cost of
£960. 195. 6d. Trinity Hall contributed £250., Trinity College £150.
and Caius College £50. Other sums, amounting together to £162. 2s.j
were contributed by 42 individuals.

(1) See under the year 1841.
<2) Keen's Reports, ii. 150.

609

VICTORIA.

1837.

Her Most Gracious Majesty Queen Victoria was proclaimed with
the accustomed ceremonies on the Senate House Hill, at the site of
the Market Cross, and in the centre of the Market Hill, by Dr.
Ainslie Vicechancellor, the Heads of Houses, Doctors, Professors,
and other members of the University, on the 23rd of June. On
the same day Her Majesty was proclaimed in various parts of the
town by the Mayor, Aldermen, and Councillors, attended by the
principal Corporate officers and many of the inhabitants, wdio formed
a procession on horseback. After the ceremon}^, there was a colla-
tion at the Town Hall.

On the 27th of June, Lord Langdale Master of the Rolls made a
decree on an information by the Attorney General (at the relation
of William Reeves, Jeremiah Thring, and William Metcalfe) against
the University, the Corporation, and others, relative to the mis-
management of Hobson's Workhouse,(n and the misappropriation
of the funds, especially of the sum bequeathed by John Bowtell for
apprenticing poor boys. (2) His Lordship declared that the purposes
for which the Workhouse was used ought not to be continued, and
that certain salaries which had been paid ought to cease, and he
referred it to the Master to take accounts and settle a scheme
for the future management of the Charity and the estates belonging
thereto, and to approve of new Trustees.

(1) Vide Vol. iii. p. 204.

(2) Vide ante. p. 1506.

VOL. IV. 4 o

610 VICTORIA. [1837

The Senate, on the 1st of July, voted the following Address to
the Queen : —

To THE Queen's Most Excellent Majesty,
The humble Address of the Chancellor, Masters, and Scholars of the
University of Cambridge.
Most Gracious Sovereign,

We, your Majesty's most dutiful subjects, the Chancellor, Masters, and
Scholars of the University of Cambridge, humbly approach your Royal pre-
sence, to oflfer our heartfelt congratulations on your Majesty's accession to the
Throne of this great Empire, and to tender to your Majesty the assurance of
our devoted loyalty and attachment. We feel, however, that we should be
wanting in our duty did we not at the same time express our deep sorrow at
the mournful event by which this nation has been deprived of the paternal
sway of your Majesty's Royal Predecessor. Were we to omit this testimony
of our regret we should fail not only in manifesting that sympathy for which
your Majesty has a claim upon all your loving subjects, but also in exhibiting
that strongest proof of attachment to the Crown, which is afforded by the de-
claration of affectionate reverence for those who have worn it with equal
honour to themselves, and advantage to their people.

The watchful care, and excellent judgment, with which your Majesty's il-
lustrious Mother has uniformly fulfilled her parental duties, induce us to look
forward to the future with the most sanguine hopes. In the natural wish t&
picture to ourselves the blessings which this nation may, under Divine Pro-
vidence, expect to receive at your Majesty's hands, our minds spontaneously
turn to the records of past times, and we call to memory its condition under
the rule of former Sovereigns. Among those Sovereigns, no one is more con-
spicuous than that Queen, by whose prudent government this country rose to
an unprecedented pitch of grandeur, and under whose protection the Protes-
tant Religion became the established Religion of the Realm. Gladly, then, do
we persuade ourselves that we are forming no vain anticipations, when we in-
dulge the hope that we are at the dawn of a like illustrious reign ; during
which our country may still maintain its high pre-eminence among the nations;,
our religion still live in the hearts of the people ; and our Queen obtain for
herself, by a gracious regard for the welfare of her subjects, a bright and
never-fading renown.

And as our University has ever flourished under the especial favour and
patronage of the Rulers of this land (and under none more than that of the
gracious Queen to whom allusion has been made), we shall ever feel ourselves
bound not only by the ordinary obligations of duty, but also by the additional
tie of gratitude, both to cherish in ourselves, and to instil into those who are
committed to our care, the principles of loyalty and fidelity to the Throne.

In conclusion, We humbly beg leave to advert to a subject, in which our
late lamented Sovereign was pleased to take an interest. His Majesty had ex-
pressed a most gracious wish that a copy of the authorised version of the Holy
Scriptures should be printed by our University, with the design that it should
occupy a permanent place in the Royal Library at Windsor, The recent
mournful event, ^^hich we deplore, prevented our revered Sovereign from re-
ceiving at our hands this offering of our duty. Great, therefore, is our grati-
fication at being permitted by your Majesty to avail ourselves of this occasion,
to present in the most respectful manner which could be devised on our part,

1837] VICTORIA. 611

these sacred volumes to your Majesty ; and we humbly hope that your Majesty
will graciously allow them to be placed in the Royal Library for which they
■were originally destined.

And wc have only further to add our earnest prayer, that the Great Author
of our being, and of our faith, may ever bless and protect your Majesty.

This Address was presented at St. James's on the 14th of July,
by the Marquess Camden Chancellor of the University, Dr. Ainslie
Vicechancellor, the Duke of Northumberland High Steward of the
University, nine Heads of Colleges, the Caput, several of the Profes •
sors, the Public Orator, the Proctors, the Registrary, and the Esquire
Bsdels, accompanied by upwards of 450 members of the University.
Her Majesty's ''most gracious Answer" was in the following terms : —

I RETURN you my cordial thanks for this public testimony of your respect
for the memory of my beloved Uncle, and of your affectionate attachment to
my Person and Government.

The Avell deserved tribute which you pay to my beloved Mother is highly
grateful to my feelings.

youR "University owes much to the protection and encouragement of former
Sovereigns.

I AM actuated by an equal desire to promote its interests and to enlarge
the sphere of its utility.

I ENTERTAIN no doubt that you will labour to instil into the minds of
those who are committed to your care the true principles of loyalty.

I ACCEPT, with much satisfaction, the authorised version of the Holy Scrip-
tures : — These sacred volumes will be the more prized by me for the sake of
him in whose wishes they originated, and to whom they were intended to be
presented. I will direct them to be placed in the Royal Library at Windsor,
and I shall ever consider them as the most va;luable part of that collection.

The University also voted an Address of Condolence on the death
of King William IV. to the Queen Dowager, to whom it was pre-
sented by the Marquess Camden Chancellor and the Vicechancellor
at Bushey Park, on the 15 th of July.

This year, the Commencement Sermons at Great St. Mary's were
preached by brothers born in Great St. Mary's parish, and educated
<at the same College (Trinity), in which each obtained a fellowship,
•viz., Dr. Thomas Musgrave Dean of Bristol (afterwards Bishop of
Hereford and now Archbishop of York), and Dr. Charles Musgrave
Archdeacon of Craven.

On the 6th of July, the Council voted an Address to the Queen,
congratulating her Majesty on her accession.

On Saturday, the 8th of July, being the day of the funeral of King
William the Fourth, a sermon was preached at Great St. Mary's,
before the Vicechancellor and University, by Dr. John Graham
Master of Christ's College Tnow Bishop of Chester), from Psalm xc.

^12 VICTORIA. [1837

10. The Mayor and Council also attended the sermon in their
formalities. The shops throughout the town were closed, and all
business suspended, the market having been held on the preceding day.

At a County Meeting (convened by the High Sheriff), held at the
Shire Hall, on the 16th of July, an Address of Congratulation was
voted to the Queen, and an Address of Condolence to the Queen
Dowager. Similar addresses were voted at a Public Meeting of the
Inhabitants of ihe Town, held at the Town Hall on the 13th of July.

At the General Election, the Right Hon. Thomas Spring Rice and
George Pryme Esq., who had represented t^e town in the two pre-
ceding Parliaments, offered themselves for re-election. They were
opposed by James Lewis Knight Esq. and the Hon. John Henry
Manners Sutton.U) At the close of the poll, which was taken on
the 26th of July, when 1298 electors recorded their suffrages, the
votes were, Rice, 690; Pryme, 678; Knight, 614; Sutton, 599(2)

Alfred Power Esq., who had been one of the fellows of Downing
College, had petitioned the late King as Visitor of that College, com-
plaining of the election of the Ptev. Thomas Worsley M.A. to the
Mastership. The objections were, first, that Mr. Worsley ought not to
have been appointed to the Mastership by reason of his being in
holy orders; and, secondly, that he had never been de jure a fellow
of the College, and upon that ground also was not qualified to be ap-
pointed Master. Lord Cottenham Lord Chancellor (who was assisted
by Lord Langdale Master of the Rolls and Sir Lancelot Shadwell
Vicechancellor), on the 11 th of August, decided that Mr. Worsley 's
election to the Mastership was valid, but ordered the costs of all
parties to be paid out of the College funds.(»)

(1) Second son of Charles Manners Viscount Canterbury, born 27Lh May, 1S14; educated
at Trinity College, Rf.A. 1835. From 1841 to 1S4G Mr.'Manners Sutton Avas one of the
Under Secretaries of Slate for the Home Department. He ^vas elected for this Town in
1839, but was unseated on petition. In 1811 he was again elected for the Town, but lost
his seat at the General Election in ISi7. In April, 1818, he unsuccessfully contested Har-
wich, against Sir John Cam Hobhouse, the votes being, Hobhouse, 131 ; Sutton, 127.

(2) Plumpers. r. p. k. s.

8 Rice 8 „ „ „

1 Pryme ., 1 ,. „

b Knight ,, ,, 5 ,,

1 Sutton I, ,, M 1

Split Votes.

665 Rice and Pi-yme 665 665 , , ,,

11 Rice and Knight 11 „ U ,.

6 Rice and Sutton 6 .. ,, 6

9 Pryme and Knight ,,9 9,,

3 Pryme and Sutton ,, 3 ,, 3

589 Knight and Sutton ,, 689 5S9

1298 690 678 614 599

(3) Mylne and Craig's Reports, ii. C42.

1837] VICTOKIA. 613

On the 29th of September, the first stone of a new University
Library (on the site of part of the old Court of King's College) with
Mineralogical and Geological Museums thereunder, was laid by Dr.
Gilbert Ainslie Vicechancellor,(U attended by Dr. French Master of
Jesus College, Rev. John Brown M.A. Vicemaster of Trinity College,
Rev. Joseph Romilly M.A. Registrary of the University, Rev. Francis
Martin M.A. Senior Proctor, Professor Peacock, the Rev. William
Whewell, and two or three other members of the Senate. (0 The
architect of the building, which forms but one side of an intended
quadrangle, was Charles Robert Cockerell Esq. R.x\.(2)

(1) In the east window of the new Libiary are the arms of Dr. Ainslie, Mr. Worsley, Dr.
Hodgson, and Dr. Tatham, who were Vicechancellors during- the time the buikling was
in progress: also the arms of the Marquess Camden Chancellor of the University, and of
Thomas Rotherham Archbishop of York, and Cuihbert Tunstall Bishop of Durham. In
the west window are the arms of the Duke of Northumberland High Steward of the
University.

(2) In 1829, the University purchased the old Court of King's College for £12,000, for the
purpose of erecting thereon and on the site of the old University Library, a new Library
with Museum and Lecture Rooms. A Syndicate to collect Subscriptions for the new
Library was appointed ^th March. 183.5. Ultimately upwards of £21,000. was contributed.
The Subscriptions exceeding £50. are subjoined : —

John Jefiieys Marquess Camden Chancellor of the University, Hugh Duke of Northum-
berland High Steward (afterwards Chancellor) of the University, Dr. I3owyer Edward
Sparke Bishop of Ely, each £500.

Dr. Charles James Blomefleld Bishop of London, £aOO.

Dr. Herbert Marsh Bishop of Peterborough, £2.i0.

Dr. James Henry Monk Bishop of Gloucester, Dr. John Kaye Bishop of Lincoln,
Christopher Wordsworth D.D. Master of Trinity College, each £210.

George Henry Duke of Grafton, £200.

John Marquess of Bute, John Charles Earl of Clarendon, William Earl of Burling-
ton, Dr. Edward Mallby Bishop of Chichester (now of Durham), Charles Manners
Viscount Canterbury, Richard Lord Braybrooke, Iharles Lord Farnborough, Lord Lindsay,
Kight Hon. Henrv Goulburn M.P .for the Universityj Hon. Charles Ewan Law Recorder
of London and M.P. for the University, Sir Robert Graham Knt. sometime Baron of the
Exchequer, Sir Joseph Littledale Knt. Justice of the King's Bench, Sir Nicholas Conyng-
ham Tindal Knt. Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, Gilbert Ainslie D.D. Master
ofPemb. Coll., William Chafy D.D. Master of Sidney Coll., Martin Davy D.D. Master of
Caius Coll., William French D.D. Master of Jesus Coll., John Graham 'D.D Master of
Christ's Coll. (now JJishop of Chester), Hon. and Rev. George Neville Grenville M.A. Master
of Magdalene Coll., Thomas Le Blanc LL.D., Master of Trinity Hall, Joseph Procter D.D.
Master of Catharine Hall, George Thackeray D.D. Provost of King's Coll.. James Wood
D.D. Dean of Ely and Master of St. John's Coll., Joseph Goodall D-D. Provost of Eton
Coll., Thomas Turton D-D. Dean of Peterborough (now Bishop of Ely), John Bell M.A., John
Brown M.A., Robert Wilson Evans M.A., Thomas Henry Hope 1\J. A., George Peacock M.A.,
Charles Perry M.A. (now Bishop of Melbourne). Joseph Romilly M.A., Adam Sedgwick M.A.,
Richard Sheepshanks M.A. and Thomas Thorp M.A., the last named ten being of Trinity
College, John Lodge M.A. of Magdalene Cull., James Robinson M.A. of Peterhouse,
Charles Simeon M A. of King's Coll., George Skinner M.A. of Jesus Coll., each £i05.

John Henry Duke of Rutland, Henry Fitzmaurice Marquess of Lansdowne, Dudley Earl
of Harrowby, Charles William Earl Fitzwiliiam, William Earl of Lonsdale, George Gough
Lord Calthorpe, Lawrence Lord Dundas, James Brogdcn M.A., Thomas Stephen Gosset
M.A., Hon. Marmaduke Langley M.A. and William Lax M.A. the four last being of
Trinity College, George WilUara Craufurd M.A. of King's Coll. and John Hutton M.A.
of Christ's Coll., each £100.

Spencer Joshua Alwyne Marquess of Northampton, £00.

Sir Edward Hall Alderson Knt. Baron of the Exchequer, Sir John Beckett Uart. M.P..
Right Hon. William Yates Peel M.P., James William Geldart LL.D. Kegius Professor of
Civil Law, John Haviland M.D. Regius Professor of r'hysic, Henry Bickcrsleth M.A. (now
Lord Langdale Master of the Rolls), Samuel Butler D.D. (afterwards Bishop of Lichfield},
William Carus M.A., Bartholomew Frere M.A., John Moore Heath M.A., William Law M.A.,
Erancis Martin M. A., William Moody M.A. , Thomas Henry Steel M.A., William Whewell
M.A., William Henry Whitbread M.A., Christopher Wordsworth M A. and John W'ords-
worth M.A. , the eleven last named being of Trinity College, Thomas ftlortlock M.A. and
William Selwyn M A. both of St. John's Coll., Edward Jacob M.A. of <:aius Coll., Richard
Kerrich M.A. of Christ s Coll., S. K., Francis W^illiam Loddinglon B.D. of Clare Hall.
Thomas Starkie M.A. of Downing Coll. Professor of Common Law, Henry Tasker ".LA. of
Pembroke Coll., and Samuel Wilkes Waud M.A of Magdalene College, each £52. lOs.
John Earl Brown low, Robert Viscount Melville, Charles Phillip Karl of Hardwicke,

614 VICTORIA. [1837

On the 1st of November, graces passed substituting equivalent
declarations foe the oaths taken on matriculation and on admission
'* ad respondendum qusestioni."

There were contests in all the Wards at the annual election of
two Councillors for each ward on the 1st of November. The vote?
were, East Barnwell Ward : Patrick Beales, 14G; Augustine Gutteridge
Brimley, 144; Joseph Truslove, 50.— West Barnwell Ward: Thomas
Nutter, 203; Charles Asby, 191; James Peterson Twiss, 102.-Mar-
ket Ward: Thomas Stevenson, 165; Thomas Hallack, 141; Thomas
Baker, 139. — Trinity W^ard : William Warren, 165; Robert Edwards,
160; Michael Headly, 156.— St. Andrew's Ward: Samuel Evans, 171;
Robert Barrett, 166 ; FieldDunn Barker, 147; William Haddon Smith, 11.

On the 2nd of November, the University went in procession from
the Senate House to the site of the Fitzwilliam Museum, the first
stone of which building w\as laid by Dr. Gilbert Ainslie Vice-
chancellor, who, in the evening, entertained the Heads of Houses.
Professors, &c., at dinner, in the Hall ^of Pembroke College. The
building, designed by George Basevi Esq., and after bis melancholy
death carried on by C. R. Cockerell Esq. R.A., is not yet completed
internally. The collections of Viscount Fitzwilliam and Mr. Mesman
were deposited therein in 1848.

At the election of Mayor, on the 9th of November, there were
18 votes for Charles Humfrey x^lderraan, and 13 for Henry Headly
Ccancillor.

On the 23rd of November, there was an election for a Councillor
of St. Andrew's Ward, to supply a vacancy occasioned by the election
of Henry Headly as Alderman. The candidates were Robert Clayto:i
and Field Dunn Barker, each of whom polled 166 votes, whereupon
Mr. Clayton was elected by the casting votes of the Alderman and
Assessors.

On the 15th of December, Mr. Pryme presented to the House of
Commons a petition from certain inhabitants of the town in favour
of a bill for establishing local Courts for recovery of small debts.

James Lord Abinger Lord Chief Bai-on of the Exchequer, Charles George Lord Arden,
Viscount Milton, Lord Clive, Hon. Robert Clive, John Singleton Lord Lyndhurst, Thomas
Lord Manners, Lord Augustus Fitzclarence, Sir James Parke Knt. Baron of the Exchequer,
Samuel Lee D.D. Regius Professor of Hebrew, George Biddel Airy M.A., J. B. Campbell
M.A., John Bonham Carter ftl.A., Frederick Field M.A.. Robert Hodgson Greenwood M.A.,
Ri<^ht Hon. Thomas Spring Rice M.A. (now Lord Monteagle), Connop Thirlwall M.A. (now
Bi«'hopofSt David's), George Townsend M.A., and R. Ward M.A., the ten last, being of
'JMnity College, Henry Douglas M.A., John Hymers M.A., William Hallows Miller M.A.,
Wniiam Portal M.A., Edward Bowyer Sparke M.A.. Ralph Tatham B D., allot St. John's
Coile°-e, Edmund Mortlock M.A. and John Shaw M.A. both of Christ's College, William
Long LL.B., George Robert Tuck M.A. and Richard Waterfield B.C. all of Emmanuel
College, Edward. Craven Hawtrey D D. of Eton College, each £50.

2KingN College, £300: Caius College. £200; Magdalene College, £105; Corpus Christi
College, £100; Eton College, £100; Messrs. Thomas Fisher & Sons Bankers Cambridge,
£52. IDs.; Messrs. John & Joseph Jonathan Deighton Booksellers Cambridge, £50.

1838] VICTORL^. 615

183S.

At a Public Meeling of the Inhabitants, convened by the Mayor,
and ovei' which he presided, held at the Town Hal!, on the 11th of
January, a petition to the Honse of Commons in favour of Vote by
Ballot was unanimously adopted. The resolutions were proposed
and supported by R. Foster Junr. Esq., Henry Gunning Esq. M.A.,
Ebenezer Foster Esq., J. J. Cribb Esq., George Pryme Esq. M.P.,
Mr. Robert Haylock, and Mr. John Dennis.

A subscription for supplying the poor with bread, soup, and coals,
during the more inclement portion of the winter, was commenced
on the 18th of January.

On the 19th of February, the Senate voted petitions to both Houses
of Parliament, in favour of a bill for continuing the Bishopric of
Sodor and Man,

On the 26th of April, Henry Turner, of Bridge Street, in the
parish of St. Clement, was discommuned by the Vicechancellor and
eight other Heads of Colleges, for having suffered persons in statu
pupillari to resort to his house for the purpose of playing at billiards

In Easter Term, was argued in the Court of Queen's Bench a
rule calling upon George Archdall D.D. Master of Emmanuel Col-
lege and late Vicechancellor of the University, to shew cause why
an information in the nature of a quo warranto should not be field
against him to shew by what authority he had, whilst Vicechancellor,
taken on himself to grant alehouse licences within the Borough of
Cambridge. The counsel in support of the rule were Sir John Carap-
belKU Attorney General, Mr. Kelly,(2) and Mr, Waddington ; and
cause was shewn by Sir William Webb FolIett,(-'^) Mr. Starkie, and
Mr. Cowling. In the following term (14th of June) the rule was
discharged, Mr. Justice Littledale, who delivered the judgment of
the Court, observing that the franchise claimed by the Vicechancellor
possibly rested upon no legal foundation ; and that upon a full ex-
amination, it might turn out to be incapable of being supported :
that the Court, by refusing the rule, did not prevent the parties
from raising the question, if they should be so advised, nor preju-
dice its determination ; the Court declined only to render any assist-
ance in originating the proceeding, which might imply a suspicion
that what had existed unquestioned for centuries, was referable only
to usurpation on the Crown : the Court did not therefore examine

<1) Now Lord Campbell, and late Lord Chancellor of Ireland.

(2) Now Sir Fitzroy Kelly, and late Solicitor General.

(3) M.A. of Trinity CoUcg-e, before and afterwards Soliritor General, and afterwaid*
Attorney General.

616 VICTORIA. [18BS

minutely the several objections to the claim ; which were of more or
less weight, and had received answers more or less satisfactory.C)
Since the foregoing decision the power of licensing has been enjoyed
concurrently by the Vicechancellor and the Town Magistracy at large.

A contested election for the office of Coroner of the County took
place on the I4th and 15t.h of June. At the close of the poll the
votes were, for Charles Phillips of Newmarket, 969 ; for James Archer
of Soham, 664.

On the 28th of June, being the day of Her Majesty's Coronation,
there was divine service at Great St. Mary's Chr»rch, where a sermon
was preached by the Rev. William Carus M.A. fellow and senior
dean of Trinity College, from 2 Kings, xi. 12. Te Deum, Jubilate,
the Coronation Anthem, and the National Anthem, were sung by
the choirs of King's and Trinity Colleges. Divine service was also
performed at Great St. Andrew's Church. At two o'clock there was
a dinner on Parker's Piece, of which above 15,000 of the poorer inha-
bitants and Sunday-school children partook. (2) A spacious and lofty
orchestra, adorned with flags, evergreens and flowers, and surmounted
by the royal standard, occupied the centre. Three platforms, with
seats, encompassed the orchestra ; surrounding this was an extensive
promenade area, around which were three roivs of tables for the
Sunday-school children, of every religious denomination in the town.
At a short distance from these tables and radiating from them wete
sixty other tables, each capable of accommodating 200 persons. The
whole circle was roped in to prevent the intrusion of those not pro-
vided with tickets. The spectators and persons who did not dine
were estimated at 17,000. Those who dined came in procession with
flags from their several parishes. The Doxology being sung dinner
commenced. During dinner the band performed a grand overture,

(1) Adolphns & Ellis's Reports, viii. 281; Neville & Perry's Reports, iii, 69G; Willmore
WoUaston & Hodges' Reports, i. 410.

(2) The following' provisions, &c., were supplied : —

1C08 plum puddings, of about (ij lbs. each, containing in the whole 10 sacks of
the finest flour, 2470 lbs of raisins, 823 lbs. of suet, 360 gallons of milk, and
3300 eggs.

7029 joints of beef, mutton, pork, veal, and bacon, weighing upwards of 1015
stone; and a fine fat sheep roasted whole, the gift of John Crabb.

72 lbs. of mustard.

140 lbs. of salt.

125 gallons of pickles.

4500 loaves of bread, of 2 lbs. each.

99 barrels of ale.

100 lbs. of tobacco.
6 lbs. of snufF.

14000 yards of calico, for table cloths.

1247 yards of calico, for pudding bngs.
There dined "at the tables 12,720 adults and 2762 Sunday-school children. 221 adults
and 22 children were entertained at home from the general fund. There were 52 pre-
sidents, 49 vice-presidents, Sfil stev,ardp, 547 carvers, 467 school teachers, 441 waiters,
297 beer-waiters, and 41 tapsters.

1838] VICTOIUA. 5I7

a choral finale being sung by the choir of King's and Trinity and
members of the Choral Society, under the conduct of Professor
Walmisley. After dinner the whole company sung a grace in verse,
composed for the occasion. Pipes and tobacco being placed on the
tables, the Mayor proposed the Queen's health, which was responded
to with deafening cheers, and then the National Anthem was sung
by the whole of the vast multitude. The company enjoyed their
pipes and glasses until five o'clock, when, headed by the Mayor in
his robes of office, and accompanied by the band, they marched to
Midsummer Common, where there was a variety of rural sports,
whence, about half-past six, Mr. and Mrs. Green ascended in a bal-
loon (which descended near Fulbourn). At ten o'clock there was a
grand dispay of fireworks near the Town Gaol. Several houses were
illuminated in the evening, notwithstanding an opinion against that
mode of rejoicing had been generally expressed at the meetings
held to consider the most appropriate mode of celebrating the event.
The poor who were unable, from age or illness, to attend the festival
were entertained at their own homes, as were the poor in the work-
houses.(i) On the 29th of June, there were horse races on Mid-
summer Common. These were continued in several succeeding years
as the Coronation Races.

An Act relating to the qualification of Members of Parliament,
to which the royal assent was given on the 2,7th of July, contains
a proviso that nothing therein contained shall extend to either of
the Universities, or to any Member or Members elected and returned
to serve in Parliament by any of the said Universities, but that

(1) The whole expence of the Coronation Festival was but £1709. IDs. 6d. Of this
sum £1421. 2s. 4d. was subscribed; £282. 19s. Od. was realized by the sale of tickets
for the orchestra, platform, and area; £b3. 13s. 6d. by the sale of building- materials.
The balance of £57. 15s. 4d. was voted to the Buildiug- Fund of the Cambridge Friendly
Societies' Asylum. The timber was lent by the merchants and builders of the town.
The viands were cooked gratuitously, and many articles were given, sold at cost price,
or lent. The Syndics of the Pitt Press presented 25,000 copies of the Graces and
National Anthem.

The folio-wing- Narratives of this Festival were published: —

1. Cambridge Coronation Festival. A complete account of the proceedings relative
to the Festival held at Cambridge in honour of the Coronation of Her Most Gracious
Majesty Queen Victoria. With illustrations. [Published by the Committee for super-
intending the Festival.]— Camb. 8vo. 1838.

2. Origin and Progress of the Proceedings which ultimately led to the Coronation
Dinner on Parker's Piece, Cambridge, June the 28th, 18.S8, on which occasion upwards
of fourteen thousand persons dined together; with copious details, and a plan of the
Tables, &c., by Thos. Hallack, Honorary Secretary to the Committee. [Two editions,
the second stated to be "with considerable improvements."] — (.'amb. 8vo. no date.

3. The Coronation Remembrancer. An Account of the Proceedings incidental with
the Grand Festival at Cambridge, upon the occasion of celebrating the (Coronation of
Her Majesty Queen Victoria, Thursday, June 28th, 1838. Embellished with a Plan of
the Tables and an Engraving of the Banquet Scene [by Edward Wade].— Camb. Svo.
1838.

There was also published a lithographic view of the Festival from the roof of the
Town Gaol, from a drawing by Mr. R. IJ. Harraden. The first of the above narratives
also contains a lithographic view reduced Irom a larger one drawn on the spot, and
lithographed by G. Scharf.

VOL. IV. 4 H

gl8 VICTORIA. L1838

they and each of them may elect and return Members to represent
them in Parliament, and that the Members so elected and returned
may sit and vote in the House of Commons, notwithstanding such
Members, or any of them, may not, at the time of their election
and return, or afterwards, possess any such qualification as is therein
required, or deliver in such paper, or make or subscribe such De-
claration as is therein required, any thing contained to the contrary
notwithstanding.{i)

An Act to abridge the holding of Benefices in Plurality and to
make better provision for the Residence of the Clergy, received the
royal assent on the 14th of August. It enacts that no spiritual
person being Head Ruler of any College or Hall within either of
the Universities of Oxford or Cambridge, and not having more than
one benefice with cure of souls shall be liable to any of the penalties
or forfeitures in that Act contained for or on account of non-residence
on any benefice, and that no spiritual person having or holding any
Professorship or any Public Readership in either of the said Univer-
sities, while actually resident within the precincts of the University,
and reading Lectures therein (provided always that a certificate under
the hand of the Vicechancellor, stating the fact of such residence
and of the due performance of such Duties, shall in every such case
be transmitted to the Bishop of the Diocese wherein the benefice
held by such spiritual person is situate, within six weeks after the
31st day of December in each year) shall be liable to any such
penalties or forfeitures for or an account of non-residence on any bene-
fice for the time in any year during which he shall be so as aforesaid
resident engaged or performing duties. There is also a clause em-
powering the Colleges in Oxford and Cambridge to advance money,
interest free, for building parsonage houses for benefices in their
patronage.(2)

This year was established the Cambridge Refuge, an institution de-
signed for the reformation of unfortunate women who have strayed
from the path of virtue. It is principally supported by voluntary
contributions.

At the annual election of two Councillors for each Ward on the
1st of November, four of the Wards were contested. The state of
the poll in these wards was as under .-—East Barnwell Ward : Henry
Staples Foster, 171 ; Thomas Edleston, 154; Rowland Morris Fawcett,
135.— Market Ward: William Bishop, 165; Francis Hopkins, 159;

(1) Stat. 1 & 2 Vict. c. 48, s. y.

(2) Stat. 1 & 2 Vict. c. 106, ss. 37, 38, 73. See also Stat. 1 & 2 Vict. c. 23, s. 5.

1839] VICTORIA. 619

John Jennings Crihb, 152; William Ellliston, 151.— Trinity Ward:
William Swann, 186; Michael Headly, 183; Adam Fitch, 126; Ed-
ward Foster, 126.— Saint Andrew's Ward: Field Dunn Barker, 208;
Joseph Jonathan Deighton, 196; Robert Clayton, 152; Henry He-
mington Harris, 127.

On the 20th of November, there was an election of a Councillor
for Trinity Ward, in the room of John Eaden, elected an Alderman.
The votes were, for Rowland Morris Fawcett, 195 ; for Henry He-
mington Harris, 187.

On the 6th of December, the Senate passed a grace that Mr. Lodge
the principal Librarian should be constituted the sole Librarian, and
be allowed the yearly salary of £210., being the amount of the
two salaries formerly paid.

1839.

On Wednesday, the 9th of January, was published the first
number of a newspaper called the Cambridge Advertiser, which
has been since continued weekly.

On the 21st of January, a public meeting was held at the Town
Hall, at which it was agreed to raise a general subscription for
relieving the necessitous poor during the inclement season with
bread, fuel, and blankets.

At a county meeting, convened by Sir Richard Hussey Hussey
K.C.B. High Sheriff (who presided), held on the 21st of February,
it was agreed to petition both Houses of Parliament in favour of
the Corn Laws. The resolutions were proposed and supported by
the Earl of Hardwicke Lord Lieutenant of the County, Earl De La
Warr, R. G. Townley Esq., Hon. Elliot T. Yorke, and R. J. Eaton
Esq. (the three Members for the County), John Fryer Esq., H. J.
Adeane Esq., J. P. Allix Esq., and Edward Ball Esq. This meet-
ing was held at the Shire Hall, in Ely, being, it is believed, the
first and only county meeting not held at Cambridge.

In February, a petition from the Inhabitants of the Town was
presented to the House of Commons in support of Lord John
Russell's Small Debts Bill.

On the 15th of March, the Senate voted a petition to the House
of Commons against certain clauses in the Ecclesiastical Duties and
Revenues Bill. The votes Avere, Regents: placets, 33; non-placets,
3. Non-Regents : placets, 35 ; non-placets, 7.

At a meeting of the Council, held on the 2 1st of March, the fol-
lowing Bye Laws were agreed to: —

I. That the fine to be payable by any Member of the Council who shall

Q20 VICTORIA. [1839

have been legally elected to the office of Mayor, for his non-acceptance of
such office shall be £100.

II. That the fine to be payable by any Burgess who shall have been legall)'
elected to the office of Alderman, for his non-acceptance of such office shall
be £25.

III. That the fine to be payable by any Burgess who shall have been le-
gally elected to the office of Councillor, for his non-acceptance of such office
shall be £10.

IV. That the fine to be payable by any Burgess who shall have been le-
gally elected to the office of Revising Assessor, for his non-acceptance of such
office shall be £10.

V. That the fine to be payable by any Burgess who shall have been legally
elected to the office of Auditor, for his non-acceptance of such office shall be
£10.

VI. That the fine to be payable by any Burgess who shall have been le-
gally elected to the office of Ward Assessor, for his non-acceptance of such
office shall be £10,

VII. That every Member of the Council shall, on being duly summoned,
attend all Quarterly Meetings of the Council before the expiration of a quarter
of an hour after the time fixed for meeting, or in default thereof, shall pay
the sum of ten shillings, unless the cause of his non-attendance be commu-
nicated to and allowed by the Mayor or Chairman.

VIII. That the Town Clerk shall keep an account of the attendanee of
Members at the Meetings of the Council, and obtain a similar account from
the Chairman or Clerk of each Committee, and draw up the same in a tabu-
lar form, to be inserted as an Appendix to the Treasurer's Account year by
year,

IX. That a Book be provided and kept by the Town Clerk for the entry
by Members of the Council, of notice of any business intended to be brought
forward by them at any Meeting of the Council, and that all such notices
take precedence of every other business (except orders for money payments),
and be brought forward according to the order in which the same are entered,

X. That every person [Member of the Council?] having a motion to propose
notice of which has not been given by him in the manner stated in the 9th
Bye-law, be required to deliver in writing to the Chairman, the terms of his
motion, before he be allowed to speak upon it.

XI. That no Member [of the Council ?] be allowed to speak more than once
\;pon any one subject, otherwise than for the purpose of explanation, except
the mover of any question, who shall have a right to reply generally, and that
no Member be allowed to speak more than a quarter of an hour upon any one
question.

XII. That the Lease Committee have the power of fixing any fine (not exi-
ceeding five guineas), for every Licence of Alienation.

XIII. That every Bye- law now in force relating to the Corporation be annulled.

This year, fairs for cattle and sheep (on the second Saturday in
April, and Saturday next before the 17th of November), and for
lambs and wool (on the third Saturday in July), were established,
with the sanction of the Council.

On the 2nd of May, the Senate voted a petition to the House of
Commons, in favour of Church Extension in Eudand and Wales.

1839] VICTORIA. Q21

On the 14th of May, the royal assent was given to an Act to
amend the Canribridge Gaol Act of 7 & 8 Geo. IV.,(!) and for
making farther provision for payment of Creditors under that Act. (2)

On the 14th of May, Mr. Sidney Smith delivered a lecture against
the Corn Laws, in the Theatre, Barnwell. Some Undergraduates
and others, who dissented from the lecturer's opinions, expressed
their disapprobation in strong terms. This led to a scene of great
tumult, so that it was impossible for the lecturer to proceed, till
the Proctors had cleared the h6use of Undergraduates, which was
at length done. Several of the parties were afterwards brought be-
fore the magistrates, and two of them were fined for assaults.

On the 20th of May, the Council, by twenty-two against eight,
voted a loyal address to her Majesty, tendering the grateful thanks
of the Corporation for her Majesty's firmness on a recent occasion
in defending the just prerogative of the Crown, by asserting her
right to appoint the members of her household, notwithstanding-
any changes which might be contemplated in conducting the public
councils of the country. In the evening, a public meeting of the
Burgesses and Inhabitants was held at the Guildhall, in pursuance
of a requisition to the Mayor, to consider the propriety of present-
ing an address to the Queen, thanking her for her firmness in
maintaining the dignity and prerogatives of the Crown, and humblv
praying her Majesty to place her confidence alone in Ministers
whose loyalty to the Throne, respect for her Royal Person, and
regard to the constitutional rights of the people were undoubted.
Some Undergraduates, who had been refused admission by the po-
lice, forced an entrance by the windows and a back door. A scene
of indescribable confusion and tumult ensued, and all attempts to
restore order being ineffectual, an address, in conformity with the
requisition, was at length moved by Alderman Foster, seconded by
Alderman Grafton, and declared by the Mayor to be carried, as was
also a resolution as to its presentation. The Mayor then dissolved
the meeting, but he afterwards refused to sign the address, which
was however signed by others, and forwarded to her Majesty, as
emanating from a town meeting, a proceeding which was protested
against by gentlemen who came prepared to move an amendment,
but had no opportunity of doing so in consequence of the dreadful
confusion which prevailed, and their being ignorant that the address
had been moved. Shortly afterwards an address to her Majesty

(1) Vide, ante p. 55 ♦.

(2) Stat. 2 & 3 Vict. c. ix. (local ami personal).

Q22 Vi^J lORIA.

expressing -want of confidence in Lord Melbourne's administration,
praying the Queen to call to her councils the Duke of Wellington
and Sir Robert Peel, and denying that the other address had been
agreed to at a public meeting, received 900 signatures, and was pre-
sented to her Majesty.

Ou the 24th of May, was opened a new church in the parish of
St. Andrew the Less, under the name of Christ's Church, which it
retains, although it has now become the parish church. The archi-
tect was Ambrose Poynter Esq. The cost of erection was defrayed
by a subscription, which exceeded £3800,(1) and grants from the
Commissioners for building new Churches and the Church Building
Society, This church, which contains 1400 sittings, was consecrated
by Dr. Allen Bishop of Ely, on the 27th of June.

On the 27th of May, the Senate voted a petition to the House of
Commons, against the government scheme of National Education,
The votes were. Regents : placet, 37 ; non-placets, 9. Non-Regents :
placets, 22 ; non-placets, 8. About the same time a petition from
the Clergy and Inhabitants of the town, against the government
scheme, received nearly 1000 signatures.

In May, was instituted the Cambridge Camden Society for pro-
moting the study of Ecclesiastical Architecture and Antiquities, and
the restoration of mutilated Architectural remains. This society
flourished here till 1846, when a great secession taking place, such
of its members as remained transferred it from Cambridge to Lon-
don, and gave it the title of the Ecclesiological Societ3\

In May, also was established the Cambridge Antiquarian Society.

On the 27th of May, the Commissioners of Land Tax re-appor-
tioned the sums payable by the various parishes in the town. The
legality of this measure is doubtful.CS) The owners of estates sub-
ject to the Land Tax in the parishes of St. Andrew the Less, St.
Giles, and St. Peter, memorialised the Commissioners of Stamps
and Taxes on the subject, but with no satisfactory result. The
alterations made by the Land Tax Commissioners will appear by
the subjoined table, in which the first series of figures denote the

(1) The subscriptions of £50 and upwards are subjoined •.—Rev. Charles Perry 1\I A.
fellow of Trinity Colleg-e and Patron of the Benefice (now Bishop of Alelbourne). £200;
Mrs. Perry of Moor Hall, Essex, Rev. William Carus M.A. fellow of Trinity College,
and Christopher Pemberton Esq.. each £100; Rev. John Brown M.A. Vicemaster of
Trinity College, and Rev. James William Geldart LL.D., each £52. P.)s. ; Miss A. Perry,
Thomas Mortlock Esq. M.A. of St. John's College, Rev. G. W. Craufurd M.A. fellow of
King's College, Rev. Kdmund D. Mortlock M.A. fellow of Christ's College, A. Gordon
Esq. of Wandsworth Common, Rev. Algernon Langton Massingberd M.A. of Trinity
College. A Johnian (by Rev. H- Jackson), John Grafton Alderman, James Peterson Twiss,
each £50; Jesus College, £300; Trinity ( oUege, £50; St. Peter's College, £50; Queens'
College, £50; Pembroke College, £50; Corpus Christi College, £50 ; Christ's College, £50.

(2) See the case of the Westminster Land Tax (Parker's Reports, 70).

1839] VICTORIA. Q2S

assessments for 1838—9, and the second series those for 1839—40.
The sums actually redeemed are those so stated in the assessments
for 1838—9:—

Parishes, &c. Assessed.

A«SainU {\ll\\

St. Andrew the Great I 273 11 I

St. Andrew the Less ^ 663 '1 'o

S'-Benediet {\g\l «

S'- B"'"'!"^ {mil 6

S'- Clement ^^ | »

St-Edward {201 1| «

«'•«"- {IIUI I

St. Mary the Great j|{6j| «

St. Mary the Less { 147 17 6

St. Michael {^|}? I

St Peter f 61 9 4

Holy Sepulchre | ^^7 16 8

H-^yTrinity {234 14 8

Sturbridge Fair | 61 I 0

Totals, 1838-9 2684 1 9

Totals, 1839-40 2902 18 9

Redeemed and

exonerated.

Net charge.

£. s.

66 2

106 17

50 18

143 8

70 16

150 4

118 3

155 8

46 12

227 7

196 18

466 6

102 5

75 12

105 4

77 8

71 4

89 4

48 5

82 14

61 14

119 14

33 19

99 4

82 8

119 4

58 5

90 19

90 7

79 14

108 18

129 18

83 12

292 16

49 7

163 10

66 15

101 5

86 2

61 15

47 6

47 13

54 5

33 6

15 8

46 1

50 17

52 8

24 12

103 4

18 16

74 10

81 1

153 13

106 4

124 11

0 0

61 5

0 0

61 5

910 5

1773 16

1086 4 10

1816 13

An Act, which received the royal assent on the 4th of June, im-
poses penalties upon printers not printing their names and resi-
dences on books and papers printed by them. It enacts, however,
that in the case of books or papers printed at the University Press
of Oxford or the Pitt Press of Cambridge, the printer, instead of
printing his name thereon, shall print the following words, "Printed
at the University Press, Oxford," or " The Pitt Press, Cambridge,"
as the case may be.(i)

The Paper Duties Act, to which the royal assent was given on
the 19tli of July, contains various regulations for obtaining the al-

(1) Stat. 2&3 Vict, c, 12, s. 3.

(324 YICTORIA.

lowance of duty on books printed in the Latin, Greek, Oriental, or
Northern languages, within the Universities, and on Bibles, Testa-
ments, Psalm Books, and Books of Common Prayer, there printed.(i)

Mr. Spring Rice, one of the Members of Parliament for the town,
having been raised to the peerage as Lord Monteagle of Brandon,
the Hon. John Henry Thomas Manners Sutton, Thomas Milner
Gibson(^) Esq., and Sir John Milley Doyle, offered themselves as
candidates. The latter retired before the day of election. The
poll was taken of the 5th on September, and the votes were, Sutton,
716 ; Gibson, 616. This election was set aside by a Select Com-
mittee of the House of Commons. (3)

At the annual election of two councillors for each ward, held on
the 1st of November, all the wards were contested. The votes were
as follows:— East Barnwell Ward: Rowland Morris Fawcett, 173;
Robert Haylock, 168 ; Charles Wagstaff, 163 ; Julian Skrine, 162.—
West Barnwell Ward : George Livett, 227 ; Henry Hemington Har-
ris, 220; John Palmer, 176; William Pap worth, 172. — Market Ward:
George Fisher, 179; Henry Ranee, 162; Francis Eaden, 159; William
Elliston, 155.— Trinity Ward: Joseph Wentworth, 209; William Ekin,
198; Charles Balls, 193.— St. Andrew's Ward: James Edmund Law,
234; William Searle, 211; Thomas Stamford Woodley, 207; Robert
Clayton, 170.

At a public meeting of the inhabitants, convened by the Mayor
who presided, and held at the Town Hall, on the 2nd of December,
it was agreed to petition both Houses of Parliament to pass a bill
introduced into the House of Commons in the preceding session
for improving County Courts. The resolutions were proposed and
seconded by William Searle Esq., Mr. B. Winterborn, Mr. Thomas
Hallack, George Livett Esq., J. J. Cribb Esq., Henry Staples Foster
Esq., Mr. Charles Asby, Mr. John Dennis, Alderman Simpson, Mr.
Edmund Wells, Alderman Newby, and Mr. Robert Barrett.

On the 6th of December, at a large public meeting, held at the
Town Hall, it was resolved to form a Board of Education for the

(1) Stat. 2 & 3 Vict. c. 23, ss, 44, 45, 46, 47. 48, 49.

(2) Educated at Trinity College. Thirty-sixtli Wrangler. 1830. In 1837 he was elected
for Ipswich, after a severe contest (the votes being, Gibson, GOl : Henry TufFnell Esq. 595 .
Fitzroy Kelly Esq. 593; Rigby Wason Esq. 59;^), but having altered his opinions on the
leading topics of the day, he, in 1839, accepted the Chiltern Hundreds and offered himself
for re-election, but Avas not successful (the votes being, Cochrane, 621 ; Gibson, 615). He
subsequently became a leading member of the Anti-Corn Law League, and at the General
Election in'l841 he was returned for Manchester (the votes being, Mark Phillips, 3695;
Gibson, 3575; Sir George Murray, 3116; William Entwistle, 2692). In July, 1846. he
was sworn of the Privy Council, and constituted Vice-President of the Board of Trade,
which office he lesigned in April, 1848.

(3) See under 1840.

1810] VICTORIA. Q25

County and Town of Cambridge and the Isle of Ely, for the pur-
pose of bringing into connexion all the Church of England Schools
then existing, and of establishing new ones where required. The
€hair was taken by Dr. Allen Bishop of Ely. The resolutions were
proposed and seconded by Dr. Tatham Vicechancellor, Right Hon.
Henry Goulburn M.P., Dr. Peacock Dean of Ely, Hon. Algernon
Herbert, Rev. Professor Scholefield, Hon. C, E. Law M.P., Rev.
Professor Whewcll, John Bcndyshc Esq., Rev. Dr. French Master
Gf Jesus College, Rev. William Selwyn Prebendary of Ely, Rev. Dr.
Wordsworth Master of Trinity College, and Rev. Dr. Graham Master
of -Christ's College (now Bishop of Chester).

1840.

The 10th of February, being the day of Her Majesty's marriage,
was observed as a general holidayCO and in the evening St. John's
College, the Town Hall, Trinity Hall, and other buildings were illu-
minated. There was also a display of fireworks, and a ball at
the Town Hall. On the 11th, the Council voted congratulatory
addresses to the Queen and his Royal Highness Prince Albert. On
the 14th, the Senate voted a congratulatory address to Her Ma-
jcsty,(2) and on the 2nd of March, similar addresses to His Royal
Highness Prince Albert and the Duchess of Kent. On tbe 10th of
March, a congratulatory address to Her Majesty,(S) was voted at a
County Meeting; and on the 19th of March, another County Meet-
ing was held, at which congratulatory addresses were voted to His
Royal Highness Prince Albert and Her Royal Highness the Duchess
of Kent.

On the 17th of February, the Senate voted a petition to the
House of Commons, in favour of Church Extension in England and
Wales.

In February, a petition from the Inhabitants of the Town to the
House of Commons, in favour of a Bill for the establishment of a
Court for the recovery of Debts under £15, received nearly 1400
signatures.

(1) Certain mulcrgraduatcs made an unsuccessful application to Viscount Melbourne
the Premier that, on occasion of Her Majesty's marriage, a term mig-lit be allowed them,

(2) Presented at IJuckingham Palace on the 25tli of February, by Dr. Tatham, the
Heads of Houses, &c., accompanied by His lioyal Highness the Duke of Sussex, tlie
Bishops of Ely and Lichticld, Viscount Brecknock, Viscount Clive, Mr. Baron Park«,
the Hon. Henry Goulburn M.P., Hon, C. E. Law M.P., Sir John Beckett, and nearly
400 other members of the University.

(.3) Presented at IJuckingham Palaiic oa the Gth of April, by Thomas Mortlock Esq.
High Slieiilf, attended by tlie Earl of Hardwickc Lord Lieutenant of the County, Lord
fjodolphin, 11. G. Towuley Esq, M,P., and 11. J. Eaton Esq. M P.

VOL, IV. 4 T

VICTORIA. [1840

Ebenezer Foster and other electors having petitioned the House of
Commons against the election of Mr. Manners Sutton, as Member of
Parliament for the Borough, a Sel6ct Committee appointed to deter-
mine the merits of the Petition, met on the 11th, 13th, 14th, 15th, 16th,
18th, 20th, 21st, 22nd, 23rd, 24th, 25th, 27th, and 28th of April,
on which latter day Mr. Manners Sutton abandoning the further
defence of his seat, the Committee resolved, 1st. That he was not
duly elected. 2ndly. That the election was void. 3rdly and 4thly.
That neither the petition, nor the opposition thereto, appeared to
be frivolous or vexatious. 5thly. That it appeared to the Committee
that Mr. Manners Sutton was, by his agents, guilty of bribery and
treating at the election. Gthly. That it appeared from the evidence
that an extensive and corrupt system of treating prevailed at the
election on the part of many influential members of the constituency.
The counsel for the petitioners were Mr. Austin, Mr. Cockburn, and
Mr, Talbot ; and for Mr. Manners Sutton, Mr. Biggs Andrews and
Mr. Serjeant Wrangham.

On the 10th of May, the Court of Queen's Bench gave judgment
on a general demurrer to a Declaration in prohibition by Thomas
Hallack and another. Churchwardens of Great St. Mary's, against
the Chancellor, Masters, and Scholars of the University, with refer-
ence to a suit in the Court of Arches, to confirm certain extensions
of the Masters of Arts Pit and the galleries, and the erection of
ten new pews, and to appropriate the same to the University ex-
clusively. The judgment was for the defendants, on the ground
that, supposing the grant of a faculty for pews to a Corporation to
be illegal, and that prohibition would lie for a faculty before it were
granted (which was doubtful), yet a fjiculty to confirm erections and
alterations would be legal, and the Spiritual Court had not then
done any thing illegal, as it was not to be presumed that that
Court would not limit the faculty to those objects which might be
legally embraced in it. The case was argued by Mr. Kelly for the
plaintiffs, and Sir William Webb Follett for the defendants.(2)

The candidates to supply the vacancy in the representation of
the town, occasioned by the avoidance of Mr. Manners Sutton's
election, were Sir Alexander Cray Grant(2) Bart, and Thomas

(1) Adolplius & Ellis's Reports, New Series, i. 593; Gale & Davison's Eeports, i. 100;
Dowling's Practice Cases, ix. 385.

(2) Educated at St- John's CoUeg-e, B.A. 1803, M.A. 1806; From 1826 to 1832 he was
Chairman of the Committee of Ways and Means. Previously to the Reform Act he Avas
member for Lostwithiel ; in J 835 he unsuccessfully contested Great Grimsby, as in 1837
he did Honiton. From December. 1834, to April, 1835, he was one of the Commissioners
of the Board of ConUoul. In 18i3 he was appointed a Commissioner lor auditing- the
Public Accounts.

1840] VICTORIA. qq^

Starkie(i) Esq., one of her Majesty's Counsel at Law. At the close
of the poll, taken on the 22cl of May, the votes were, Grant, 736 ;
Starkic, Col.

On the 3rd of June, the Senate voted £200. from the University
Chest to the National Society for the education of the poor in the
principles of the Established Church.

On the 15th of June, the Council voted Addresses of Congratula-
tion to the Queen, on the escape of Her Majesty and her royal
Consort from the attempt of one Edward Oxford, a maniac, who
fired at Her Majesty and the Prince. A similar address was, on
the same day, voted at a public meeting of the Burgesses and In-
habitants. On the 18tli of June, the Senate voted a similar ad-
dress ;(2) and on the ITth of July, an Address of Congratulation, on
this occasion, was voted at a County Meeting, held at the Shire Hall.

The Annual Meeting of the Royal Agricultural Society was held
here on the 14th and 15th of July. On the 14th, there was a
Ploughing Match at Great Shelford ; after which, the Prize Essays
were read in the Law Schools, many of the members meanwhile
attending Mr. Jonas Webb's Tup Show, at Brabraham. About 400
sat down to dinner in Trinity College Hall, the Duke of Richmond,
President of the Society, being in the chair. On the 15th, the show
of Stock and Implements took place on Parker's Piece. About 3000
persons dined in Downing College, in a spacious and handsome hall
erected for the occasion. The principal speakers after dinner were
the Dukes of Richmond and Buckingham, Earl Spencer, the Earl of
Harkwicke, Sir Robert Peel, Hon. A. Stevenson the American Mi-
nister, Sir James Graham, Professor Buckland of Oxford, and Pro-
fessor Whewell. In the evening, an oratorio was performed at
Great St. Mary's Church. On the 16th, the Annual Meeting of the
President and Governors of Addenbrooke's Hospital was held. A
sale of cattle also took place, and there was a grand horticultural
fete in the grounds of Downing Collcgc,(3) and in the evening a con-
cert at the Theatre.

(1) Educated at St, John's College; Senior Wrangler, !S03; Mcmbci's Prizeman, 1805
In or before J806 elected fellow and tutor of Catharine Hall, and in 1823 aprointed Down-
ing Professor of the Laws of England. Called to the Bar bv the Society of Lincoln's
Inn, 23rd Way, 1810, and appointed King's Counsel in ISSfj, Professor Starkie was the
author of a valuable Treatise on the Law of Evidence, and several other legal publica-
tions of great merit. He died April, 189.

(2) Presented at Buckingham Palace on tlie 24th of June, by Dr. Tathani Vicechancellor
the Heads of Houses. &c., &c., attended by the Karl of Bandon, the Bishops of Durham*
Chichester, and Lichfield, Viscount Palmerston, Right Hon. Henry Goulburn Rl.P. Sir
Edwin Pearson, Sir John Rowland Eustace, Sir Alexander Cray Grant M.P. ajid many
other members of the University. ' ^

(3) The net proceeds (£415 Is. 3d.) were generously presented to Addenbrooke's Hospital
by Mr. Sanuiel Widnall, Florist, of Grantchestcr. nospuai

6^8 VICTORIA. [1840

On the 4tb of August, was established the Cambridge British
School Society, for the support and management of schools erected
by subscription in Eden Walk, for the education of 250 boys and as
many girls, on the principle of the British and Foreign School
Society.

The Grammar School Act, to which the royal assent was given
on the 7th of August, contains a proviso that it should not be con-
strued as extending to the Universities of Oxford or Cambridge, or
to any College or Hall within the same.(i)

By the Ecclesiastical Duties and Revenues Act, which received
the royal assent on the llth of August, it is enacted, that as soon
as conveniently might be, and by the authority therein prescribed,
the two Canonries in the Chapter of the Cathedral Church of Ely,
which should be secondly and thirdly vacant, should be permanently
annexed and united to the llegius Professorships of Hebrew and
Greek respectively, in the University of Cambridge. By this act no
person is qualified to be Dean, Archdeacon, or Canon, until he shall
have been six years complete in Priests' Orders, ** except in the
" case of a Canonry annexed to any Professorship, Headship, or
" other office in any University." The patronage of Chapter Benefices
is restrained to certain classes of the clergy, amongst whom are public
Tutors in either of the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge. The
act also contains a clause for making such arrangements with
respect to Benefices annexed to Headships of Colleges in Oxford
and Cambridge, as may enable the respective Colleges to sell or
purchase the advowsons of such Benefices and invest the proceeds,
and to pay the interest and annual profits to the respective Heads
for the time being. There is a similar clause for the sale by the
University of Cambridge of the advowsons of the Benefices annexed
to the Regius Professorship of Divinity .(2 >

On the 21st of October, Hugh -Percy Duke of Northumberland
K.G. High Steward of the University was elected Chancellor, in the
room of the Marquess Camden. His Grace was installed at North-
umberland House, London, on the 30th of October.

There were contests in three Wards at the annual election of two
Councillors for each Ward, on the 2d of November. The votes were
as follows : East Barnwell Ward : Charles Wagstaff", 189 ; Symeon
Taylor Bartlett S.C.L., 184; Patrick Beales, 156; Thomas Thurston,
149._West Barnwell Ward : Charles Asby, 213 ; William Elliston,

(1) Stat. 3 & 4 Vict. c. 77, s. 24.

(2) Stat. 3 & 4 Vict. c. 113, ss. 12, 27. 44, GO, 70.

1840] VICTORIA. Q29

207; William Papworth, 105; Henry Bradley, 18r,.--Markct Ward :
Thomas Stevenson, IDG ; Charles Edward Brown, 191 ; Thomas Ba-
ker, 170; Francis Eaden, 101.

At the election of Mayor, on the 9th of November, there were 20
votes for George Fisher, Councillor, and 19 for Charles Humfrey,
Alderman. On the same day, the Conncil, by 21 votes against 17,
removed Francis John Gunning from the oflicc of Town Clerk, and
by 20 votes against 11, re-appointed Charles Pestell Harris to that
oflice.

The Duke of Northumberland, shortly after his election to the
Chancellorship, resigned the oflicc of High Steward of the University,
for which, John Singleton Lord Lyndhurst LL.D. and George William
Lord Lyttelton M.A., both of Trinity College, were respectively pro-
posed. A grace having passed(i) that the election should be more
burgensium, a poll was taken on the 11th, 12th, and 1.3tli of No-
vember. The votes were, Lord Lyndhurst, 973 ; Lord Lyttelton
488.(^) Lord Lyndhurst was inaugurated at his residence, Great
George-street, Hanover-square, on the 19th of November, by Dr.
Graham Vicechancellor (now Bishop of Chester), the Heads of Houses,
Public Orator, Proctors, Rcgistrary, and about forty other members
of the Senate. After the letter, written by the Public Orator in the
name of the Senate, had been read, the Vicechancellor thus ad-
dressed his Lordship : —

My Lord, it is my duty to present to your Lordship these letters patent in-
vesting you with the ancient and dignified office of High Steward of the Uni-
versity of Cambridge. In tendering this office to your acceptance, if I were
solely to consider the celebrity of your Lordship's name, I might well think
that any language of praise in which I could address your Lordship would not

(1) 2nd of November, on which clay the Duke of Northumberland
ollice of High Steward was read to the Senate.

(2) Analysis of the Toll

VOTERS.

C2 St. Peter's College

62 Clare Hall

28 Pembroke College

80 Caius College

61 Trinity HaU

r>ti Corpus Christi College

35 King's College

60 Queen's College

44 Catharine Hall

48 Jesus College

63 Christ's College

307 St. John's College

35 Magdalene College

465 Trinity College , . ,

59 Emmanuel College

24 Sidney Sussex College

12 Downing College

1461

nberlan(

I's resignation of the

LYND.

LYTT.

fi5

\r}

243

fit

224

241

973

488

530 VICTORIA. [1840

only be superfluous, but in mc presumptuous I feci, hoTrever, that it is due
to the Senate of the Unlversit}-, in whose behalf I speak, that I should en-
deavour so far to make myself the interpreter of their sentiments as to express,,
however briefly, the reasons that have induced them on this occasion to select
your Lordship as the object of their preference, from the long list of illustri-
ous names out of which they were free to choose. They looked back then,
my Lord, to that early period of your life, and opening dawn of your distinc-
tion, when your mind was trained in the discipline of our academic studies,
and prepared for the busier scene of active life. On that scene you entered,
still retaining an intimate connection with our institutions as a Fellow of the
noble college in which you had been educated. Thenceforward your course in
life has been marked by a long series of advancing honours ; you have attained
the most distinguished eminence in every sphere in which you have moved —
as an advocate at the bar, as an orator in the British senate, as an adminis-
trator of the highest offices of the law. In all these various characters, in all
the exertions of intellectual power which they have called forth, your talents
have been proved in the way in whi^h truly great talents prove themselves —
by never having been found unequal to the dignity of the ofiice, or the greatness
of the occasion. My Lord, it becomes not the office which I hold to advert to the
difference of political opinions that divide and agitate men's minds. Still less
would it become me, still less would it be in union with the temper of my
own mind, to intrude any expression of my individual feelings on a subject of
so much delicacy. To your Lordship it cannot be matter of surprise that the
same diversity of sentiment which exists in the busy world without should be
found to some extent within the precincts of our University; this is no more
than the natural consequence of that freedom of opinion, which is the founda-
tion of all that is manly in spirit and independent in character, and which
would be ill exchanged for the torpid stagnation of a constrained and passive
uniformity. But though I claim this privilege for others and for myself, I feel
at the same time that 1 should most imperfectly describe the reasons that
have influenced the Senate of our University in the election of your Lordship
did I not mention, in addition to the other motives of their choice, this,
though last not least, that in your public life, whether as a representative of
the University in Parliament, or as a peer of the realm, you have ever been
the advocate, the eloquent and powerful advocate, of those principles on which
the majority in the Senate of our University have conceived the welfare of its
institutions to depend. It is by these considerations, my Lord, as far as I
can take upon myself to interpret their sentiments, that the members of the
Senate have been guided in their choice. Assume, then, my Lord, the office
which they now invite you to accept. In former years you were bound to
the institution by the honourable connexion which I have just mentioned —
that of being its representative in Parliament. Now bind yourself to it again
by this fresh tie, and may you live many happy years to uphold the honour
of our University, to maintain its privileges, and, if need require, to defend
its rights.

Lord Lyndliurst then received the Letters Patent and took the
oath of office, and having done so, replied to the Vicechancellor as
follows : —

Mr. Vice Chancellor and Gentlemen of the Senate, it would be difficult for
me to find terms sufficiently strong to thank you for the honour you have
conferred upon me. I never shall forget, that in my absence and without any

1840] VICTORIA. 631

solicitation on my part, I was proposed as a candidate for this oiRce, by many
of the most eminent and distinguished members of the Senate. I never shall
forget, the manner in which I have been supported. But, Avhatever my feel-
ings in these respects might suggest upon this occasion, I feel I ought not to
proceed further. I am now completely established in this appointment as the
officer of the University, and I feel it my duty— a duty which I am anxious
to discharge— to pay my respects and make my acknowledgments to the whole
Senate. The Vice Chancellor, by the many flattering things he said of me,
has placed me in a situation of much embarrassment. It is difficult for me
to touch upon such matters ; but if I were to pass over them entirely without
notice, it might be supposed that I interpret them in a literal sense— it might
be supposed that I do not make great allowance for the occasion, and for his
personal courtesy and kindness. The Public Orator, in the letter that he has
read has alluded to my predecessor, a nobleman of the highest rank, distin-
guished by many estimable qualities; and give me leave to add, a nobleman,
who, in difficult circumstances, filled, with general satisfaction, one of the most
arduous situations in the empire. I have ever felt towards that nobleman the
greatest personal regard, and I shall be most happy upon all occasions to co-
operate with him in every thing in which the interests of the University are
concerned. If I am asked what there is to me most pleasing in the appoint-
ment with which you have honoured me, I answer, without hesitation, it is
the evidence which it gives me of your continued esteem and confidence — that
esteem and confidence which you have manifested so strongly on former occa-
sions, in which I have ever taken the greatest pride, which I have always
endeavoured, and I trust I shall always continue to endeavour, to deserve.
There are other considerations that recommend in the strongest manner this
appointment to me. Allusion has been made to my immediate predecessor in
this office ; the office has also been filled on former occasions by men of the
first dignity and eminence in the state. As a lawyer, alloAv me to allude to
the name of Sir Edward Coke, the great luminary and father of our law,
whom we lawyers mention with a species of mystic reverence -he held tliis
office in the sixteenth century. Another great and eminent light of the law,
equally distinguished in the courts of law and equity, whose judgments are
looked up to Avith the utmost respect and reverence— I allude to Lord Chan-
cellor Hardwicke— he also had the honour of being placed in this high office.
To pass from lawyers to statesmen, I could run through a long catalogue of
illustrious names; allow me to refer, however, to the last— that great orator
and statesman whose statue adorns your Senate House, who filled this office
for so long a period of his life, and to whom this country is indebted for the
advantages it has derived from his firmness, his constancy, and his courage.
For forty years and upwards I have been a member of the Senate of
the University of Cambridge. I have observed steadily the proceedings
of the University. I have observed with pleasure its advances in dis-
cipline, in literature, and science. I have observed with pleasure the results
in the statesmen of eminent character, in the number of eloquent divines, ia
the great and eminent lawyers, in the literary and scientific men it has pro-
duced. Such fruits are the best evidences of the excellence of these institu-
tions, and unhappy will be the day when these institutions shall be broken
down, or when their eftects shall in any respect be impaired. The Vice
Chancellor has alluded to the many offices I have passed through; it is a
great pleasure to me in this advanced period of my career that I should be
placed in this high office, carrying me, as it were, in my course to home

(53g VICTORIA. [1841

again, bringing mc among my former associates, here to return and die at
home at last. The Vice Chancellor also has stated as one of his reasons why
the University of Cambridge has thought lit to elect rac to this high office,
that I should be on all occasions found a strenuous supporter of their rights.
I trust that their confidence in this respect will not be misplaced ; I trust I
shall never be found a cold or lifeless advocate in their cause ; I trust I shall
never be indifferent to the maintenance of their privileges. The discharge of
these duties will be more grateful to me, as it will afford me an opportunity
of expressing my deep obligations for all the benefits and favours I have de-
rived from that learned body. Mr. Vice Chancellor, allow me personally to
ofler you my very best thanks.

On tlie 3rd of December, the Council voted Addresses of Congra-
tulation from the Corporation to Her Majesty, His Royal Highness
Prince Albert, and the Duchess of Kent, on the birth of the Prin-
cess Royal. On the 4th, like addresses were voted by the Senate.(i)
On the 5th, congratulatory addresses to the Queen and the Prince
were voted at a County Meeting, over which Thomas Mortlock Esq.
High Sheriff presided; and on the 11th, similar addresses were voted
at a Town Meeting, convened by the Mayor.

On the 7th of December, there was an election of a Councillor
for St. Andrew's Ward, in the room of Field Dunn Barker. The
votes were, for David Matthew, 207; for Thomas Hallack. 167.

1841.

In January, bread, coals, and flannel, were distributed to the poor at
Iheir own houses, the expenses being defrayed by a general subscrip-
tion, which exceeded £750.

This year two railway projects in connection with Cambridge, were
brought before the public. The one for a railway from Clerkenwell by
Ware, Barley, Mclbourn, Thriplow and Shelford, to Cambridge, and
thence by Longstanton, Ramsey, Whittlesey, Crowland, and Lincoln, to
the Great North of England Railway, at Nether Poppleton, in the West
Riding of Yorkshire; with branches from Clerkenwell, to the Northern
and Eastern Railway, at Walthamstow, and from Hoddesdon to the same
railway at Cheshunt. The other for a railway to be called the East
Anglian Railway, and to proceed from Bishops Stortford, by Wenden,
Chesterford, Whittlesford, and Shelford, to Cambridge, and thence to
Newmarket, Thetford, Attleborough and Norwich, to Yarmouth. There
were to be short branches from the main line, terminating on the south
side of the Cam, near Eddleston's farm, in Trumpington, which appears
to have been intended as the site of the Cambridge station.

<1) Presented at Buckingham Talacc by the Viccchaiicellor, Heads of Houacs, Sec, and
about 200 members of the Uuiversity, 3rd Feb. 1841.

1841] VICTORIA. QSo

On the IGtii of March was laid the first stone of the Victoria Benefit
Societies Asyhim, in the parish of Chesterton. The Earl of Hardwicke,
Lord Lieutenant of the County, R. G. Townley, Esq., M.P., Sir Alex-
ander C. Grant, M.P., the Committee and Trustees of the Charity, the
Mayor and Council in their formalities, the Members of the Lodges of
Freemasons, Ancient Druids, and Odd Fellows, in appropriate cos-
tume, members of numerous Friendly Societies, the Society of Social
Brothers, the Order of Rechabites, and the Cambridge Temperance
Society, went in procession with bands of music and banners from the
Guildhall to Great Saint Mary's Church, where divine service was per-
formed, the sermon being preached by Dr. Graham, Vicechancellor (now
Bishop of Chester) from Psalm civ. 23. On leaving the Church the pro -
cession was again formed, and proceeded to the site of the building
where the first stone was deposited by the Earl of Hardwicke, with the
usual masonic ceremonies, after which the procession returned in the
same order to the Guildhall. One hundred and thirty of the supporters
of the Charity, afterwards dined at the Red Lion Hotel, the Earl of
Hardwicke, in the chair.

In March, the Marquess Camden, wishing to mark his sense of the
respect shewn by the University, to his late father, intimated his inten-
tion of giving annually a gold medal, to be called the Camden medal, as
a prize for the best exercise in Latin Hexameter verse, by an Under-
graduate.

On the 1st of April, the Senate passed a grace, sanctioning certain
regulations and provisions respecting the degree of M.D., and the grant
of licenses to practice physic, and requiring candidates for such
licenses, and all persons applying for the degree of M.D. not having
obtained a license to practise physic, to pass an examination to the
satisfaction of the Regius Professor of Physic, the Professor of Ana-
tomy, the Downing Professor of Medicine, and a Doctor of Physic
nominated by the Vicechancellor and approved by the Senate.

At a Meeting of the Council held on the 23rd of April, the following
Report was read : —

The Commons Committee having taken into their most serious consideration
the subject which they have been desired to investigate by the Town Council,
namely, the present state and condition of the Commons; and the means, if
any, of making such alteration therein, as may prove of permanent utility to
the inhabitants of the town at large, beg leave to report as follows : —

First,— as to their present state -it is a matter very well known, that the legiti-
mate right to use these Commons at all, is centred in comparatively a very few
individuals, and that such rights are rendered absolutely valueless by other people
trespassing most unwarrantably upon that which does not in any way belong to
VOL. iv. 4 K

g34 VICTORIA. ' [1841

them. To find a remedy for this, is, in the opinion of your Committee, an object
of great importance ; and it appears to them that it is very necessary first to as-
certain (if possible) by legal means, who it is that possesses any valid claim ; next
Tvhether in a limited or unlimited manner : and, if limited, what these limits are.

The second question is of still greater weight in their opinion ; namely; whether
without doing any injustice whatever, to those who may have vested interests in
these Commons, an arrangement may not be made, productive of great and per-
manent advantages not only to the rightful possessors of the herbage, but to the
public also. Your Committee having considered this maturely, are of opinion
that such an arrangement is very practicable, a,s they will endeavour to shew in
the sequel.

It must be borne in mind, that although the Commoners have amongst them
the undoubted property in the herbage,— at stated periods— the Corporation have
an equally undoubted property in the soil, as lords of the manor ; not as individuals
but as Trustees for the whole community. And this will bring the compensation
fairly due to the Commoners within very reasonable bounds, to be paid for either
in money or land, as may be thought hereafter to be most expedient.

It is clear that there are portions of these Commons which are perfectly unfit
for building purposes ; some on account of their distance from the town, and some on
account of the swampiness of their locality. Of the first class — those on account
of their distance — Coldham Common containing about 97^ acres of fine land,
Stirbitch Fair Common, containing about 45^ acres of still finer land, and in a
better situation; Cow-fen, and a piece of ground between the boundary of St.
Andrew the Less and Trumpington parish ; Sheep's Green, about 22 acres ;
Queens' Green, about 4 acres (the latter of great value to the University, and
to Queens' college in particular) are the parts alluded to. If these portions
of the Commons were divided in such a manner as not to interfere with the
free circulation of the air, or be injurious in any way to the healthiness of the
place, your Committee are satisfied that an annual su:ii, in the shape of rent,
might be obtained, which would immediately lessen the necessary amount of
the borough-rate very greatly.

There are other parts of the Commons which may in the opinion of your
Committee, be applied in a still more efficacious manner ; namely, that portion
which is desirable as sites for houses. The whole of Butt Green is particularly
valuable for this purpose ; and so is that piece of land which lies on the west
side of the London road near the first milestone. There may also be a part
of Midsummer Common, should a bridge (as is contemplated) be thrown over
the Cam near St. George's Fort, and a roadway of ample breadth be formed
from the present common-gate to the said bridge, which will ultimately be
proved to be of great value ; but as the whole of Midsummer Common is con-
tinually subject to inundation, it will be less sought after than it otherwise
would be ; nevertheless, under all circumstances it must be very valuable.

YoL'R Committee having taken all these details into their consideration, are
convinced that one-third of the existing burthen of the borough-rate may be
at once removed; that upon the expiration of fourteen years another third
may follow, and at the expiration of a second fourteen years the whole may
be annihilated, and then a fund created for future improvements.

There is, however, a portion of the Commons which your Committee are
decidedly of opinion ought never, upon any pretence, either to be built upon
or let for any private purpose—namely, Parker's Piece, containing about 20
acres, which should, in their judgment, for ever remain, as it is devoted to

1841] VICTORIA. 635

public purposes. So far, indeed, from wishing that this splendid space should
be encroached upon, they recommend that an addition be made to it, by pur-
chasing from those who have rights there all that portion of the Common set
out by the Commissioners imder the Barnwell Inclosure Act, which lies
between the present south-eastern boundary of Parkci's Piece and the public
roads which run along its sides, being rather more than 4 acres. If this were
done, and the ground levelled, and along its skirts planted, it would form one
of the noblest areas for public use of any in the kingdom. Nor would your
Committee stop here : they would further recommend that an ample reserve
of land be made for public walks, particularly along the south-western bank
of the river. There are certain parts of Midsummer Common which have not
yet been spoken of. There are above 2o acres to the north, and 28 acres to
the east, of the projected new road to Chesterton, which would be of a value
they hardly knov/ how to compute, if let to market gardeners, or others
interested in the pursuit of horticulture.

Your Committee presume to think that it cannot fail to strike the minds
of the public, as well as the minds of the gentlemen now present, that the
benefits to the town they have endeavoured to point out are such as will
ensure a general approbation — "if they can by any just and fair means be
accomplished;" and it appears to them that the only means of effecting this
lies in an application to the Legislature for an Act of Parliament authorizing
this Board to carry these most desirable objects into practical effect. Your
Committee beg leave finally to observe, they are thoroughly convinced that
this may be done without inflicting the slightest possible injury upon any
private individual whatever ; but, on the contrary, giving such as have any
interests in the matter the most ample compensation for the rights they may
abandon for the advancement of the interests of the public at large.

G. FisiiER, Mayor. Charles Asby.

Henry S. Foster, Chairman. Charles Newby.

Chas. Humfrey. W. Bishop.

James Nutter. William Ekin.

Francis Hopkins. John Grafton.

Michael Headly. Wm. Warwicker.

On reading the foregoiog report the Council resolved unani-
mously : —

That the report of the Commons Committee relative to the alteration and
improvement of the Commons be received ; that the Town-Clerk be directed
carefully to examine the Corporation and other records, with the view of ascer-
taining who are the parties really and legally entitled to the use of the Commons
as well as the extent to which their rights may be exercised ; that the Town Clerk
be authorized to obtain the best possible legal advice to assist him in forming his
judgment, and that he do report thereon, and present such report as soon as
possible.

It was also ordered that 1000 copies of the report and resolutions
be printed and circulated.

On the 29th of April, a public meeting of the inhabitants respecting
the proposed inclosure of the Commons was held at the Town Hall, the
Mayor in the chair, Mr. John Cream proposed and Mr. Richard

630 VICTORIA. [1841

Southee seconded the following resolution : — " That it is the opinion
"of this meeting that the resolution of the Commons Committee is
"injurious to the inhabitants of the Town generally, and ought not
" to be acted upon." Mr. Alderman Humfrey proposed and Mr. Wallis
seconded an amendment in these terms: — " That as the Town Council
"have already given directions to the Town Clerk to take every means
"in his power to ascertain who, and w^hat persons, have, or have not,
" the legal right to make use of the commons appertaining to this
" Borough, and to report thereon ; and as they have also authorized him
"to obtain the opinion or opinions of the most eminent counsel at the
" bar, to aid and assist him, it appears that no further steps can, with
"propriety, at present be taken, and therefore that this meeting be
" adjourned sitie die.'' Mr. Wm. Swann, jun., supported Mr. Cream's
resolution. The amendment, being put, was negatived and the original
resolution was then carried by a great majority. Henry Gunning,
esq., M.A. complained that persons residing out of the town put stock
on the Commons. Mr. Southee proposed and Mr. Cream seconded
a resolution that a statement in the report of the Commons Committee
■was at variance with ancient custom, and the evidence given before the
Commissioners appointed to enquire into Municipal Corporations.
After addresses from Mr. Alderman Humfrey and William Sharpe,
M.A. of Queen's College, Mr. Southee's resolution was put and carried.
The proceedings at this meeting were throughout characterized by
extreme noise and tumult. The Council took no further steps to
carry out the proposed inclosure for several years.

On the 12th of May, the Senate voted a petition to the House of
Commons, in favour of Church extension in England and Wales.

At the general election, the candidates for the representation of the
town in parliament, were the Honourable John Henry Thomas Manners
Sutton, Sir Alexander Cray Grant, Bart., Richard Foster, jun., Esq.,
and Lord Cosmo George Russell. At the close of the poll taken on the
29th of June, when 1430 electors recorded their votes, the numbers
were, Sutton, 758 ; Grant, 722 ; Foster, 695 ; Russell, 656 .('•)

(1) Plumpers. s. g. f, n,

13 Sutton IS

9 Foster... ,, „ V

2 Kussell - „ „ ,, 2

Split Votes.

713 Sutton and Grant 713 713 „ ,,

2 7 Sutton and Foster 27 „ 27 „

7 Grant and Foster ,, 7 7 >,

2 Grant and Russell . . . .' ,, 2 „ 2

652 Foster and Russell „ ,, C52 652

1430 758 722 695 656

1841]

VICTORIA.

637

The Population of Cambridge on the 30th of Juno, was as
Inhabited

Houses.
230
395
1953
162
126
204
120
463
185
141
75
137
133
456

(1)

4797

Pauisiies.

All Saints

St. Andrew the Great . .
St. Andrew the Less . . .

St. Benedict

St. Botolph

St. Clement

St. Edward

St. Giles

St. Mary the Great . . .
St. Mary the Less . . .

St. Michael

St. Peter

Holy Sepulchre . . . .
Holy Trinity

Colleges.
St. Peter's College . . .

Clare Hall

Pembroke College . . .
Gonviile and Caius College

Trinity Hall

Corpus Christi College . .

King's College

Queen's College . . . .

Catharine Hall

Jesus College

Christ's College . . , .
St. John's College . . . .
Magdalene College . . .
Trinity College . . . .
Emmanuel College . . .
Sidney Sussex College . .
Downing College . . . .

Males.
554
803
4552
430
341
530
282
953
493
268
184
305
296
969

14
17
21
33
15
25
27
33
12
19
16
56
19
195
20
13
14

11519

Females.
677

1180

4934
592
382
509
337

1134
520
436
248
322
342

1220

1
8

16
2
6
9
7
5
1
2

17
3
1
4
5
8

12934

follows :—
Total of
Persons.
1231
1983
9486
1022

723
1039

619
2087
1013

704

432

627

638
2189

15
20
37
35
21
44
34
38
13
21
33
59
20
199
25
21
25

24453

There were 416 houses uninhabited and 36 building; 5,208 males
and 5,527 females were under twenty years of age, and 6311 males and
7407 females were aged twenty years and upwards ; 8053 males and
9805 females were born in Cambridgeshire; 3179 males and 2985
females in other counties in England; 77 males and 34 females were
born in Scotland, and 119 males and 67 females in Ireland, and three
males and one female were born in the British Colonies ; 41 males and
25 females were foreigners and British subjects born in foreign parts,
and as to 47 males and 17 females no place of birth is specified.(2)

(1) It was an obviously absurd error to treat each College as only one house,

(2) Enumeration Abstract 1841, pp. 23, 23.

g38 VICTORIA. [1841

On the 31st of July, Sir Giffin Wilson, the Master in Chancery,
to whom the cause of the Attorney General v. Caius College, had
been referred, raada a report from which it appears that the follow-
ing Property is applicable to the purposes of Dr. Perse's benefactions.

CAMBBIDGE.

1. The School and the Houses of the Master and Usher. Freehold.

2. A House in Free-school Lane, occupied by the Revd. Richard Kerrich,
under a Lease from Caiua College, at the rent of £2 per annum. Free-
hold.

3. The Almshouses in Pembroke Lane. Freehold.

4. A Garden adjoining the same held on Lease from the Corporation of
Cambridge for 999 years, from the 10th April 1808, subject to the rent
of 5s. per annum.

5. Three Houses in Free-school Lane, occupied by TVm. Yorke, Wm.
Chapman, sen., and Wm. Chapman, jun., at rents amounting together
to £59 per annum. Freehold.

ESSEX.

6. The Manor of Fratinq Hall with the appurtenances in the Parishes
of Frating, Bentley and Elmstead. Freehold.

7. Frating Hall Farm comprising a capital messuage and 370a. Or. 31p.
in the Parishes of Frating and Elmstead, occupied by Henry Vincent at
the rent of £420 per annum. Freehold.

8. Paine's Farm comprising a capital messuage, and 106a. 1r, 6p. of land
in the Parishes of Great and Little Bentley, occupied by Nathaniel
Bromley at the rent of £110 per annum. Freehold.

9. Dairy Fabm comprising a capital messuage, and 84a. Or. 1p. of land
in the Parishes of Frating and Bentiey, occupied by Wm. Abbot at the
rent of ^£120. per annum. Freehold.

10. Crab.tree Farm comprising a capital messuage, and 244a. Or. 23p. of
land in the Parishes of Great and Little Bentley and Bromley, occupied
by Susannah Maria Cousins at the rent of £334 per annum. Freehold.

11. Hockley Farm comprising a capital messuage^ and 205a. 1r. 22p. of
land in the Parishes of Frating and Elmstead, occupied by the repre-
sentatives of James Piper at the rent of £198 per annum. Freehold.

12. Frating Woods comprising 107a. 2r. 20p., in the Parish of Frating,
average value £144. 3s. per annimi. Freehold,

13. The Tithes of 66a, or thereabouts of woodland, 170a. or thereabouts of
arable land, and 8a. or thereabouts of marshland, in the Parish of Much
Bentley, occupied by Susannah Maria Cousins at the rent of £55 per
annum.

14. Lamb's Farm comprising a capital messuage, and 67a. 2r. 24p. of land
in the Parish of Chich .St. Osyth, Copyhold of the Manor of Chich St.
Osyth, and occupied by Wm. Chaplin at the rent of £123 per annum.
Freehold.

15. A Capital Messuage and 151a. 2r. Op. or thereabouts, of land in the
Parishes of Alresford, Elmstead, and Frating, occupied by Orbell Simons
at the rent of £223 per annum. Freehold.

1841] VICTORIA. 539

SUFFOLi

16. 32a. 2r. of land in Lavvshall, occupied by Thomas Smith at the rent of
£35 per annum, partly leasehold for a term of 500 years, from the 32nd
Eliz., and partly copyhold of the Manor of Lawshall.

17. 80a. 3r. of land in West Dereham, -sphereof 15a. 2r. is freehold, and the
residue copyhold of the Manors of Curples in West Dereham, and Tine,
worth in West Dereham with Batchcroft in Bexwell, occupied by James
Olett at the rent of £90 per annum.

Caius College held in trust £23,100, £3. per cent. Consolidated Bank Annu-
ities, producing £693 per annum.
£2,400, New South Sea Annuities, producing £72. per annuaa. (I)

Sir Giffin Wilson also approved of the following scheme, which
was duly sanctioned by the Court.

AS TO THE GENERAL ADMINISTRATION OF THE PROPERTY AND APPLICATION
or THE INCOME.

1. The Master and Four Senior Fellows of Gonville and Caius College
(being Dr. Perse's Supervisors) shall make choice of some sufficient man
from time to time to be Dr. Perse's Registrar, whom they may dismiss
from such office from time to time. But such Registrar is not at any
lime to be the Master or one of the four Senior Fellows of the said
College, or Master or Usher of Dr. Perse's School, provided that the
Bursar of the said College may be Dr. Perse's Registrar, notwithstanding
his being Master or one of the four Senior Fellows of the said College.

(1) Estates 1 and 2, belong exdusively (o the Free School.

Estate 5 wai purchased by Caius College in 1829, of Mrs. Sophia Kerrich for £970.

Estates 6, 7, 8. 9. JO, li, and 12 were purchased by Martin Perse, Esq. Executor
of Dr. Perse, of Sir Thomas Bendishe, of Steeple Bunipstead, in the County of Essex,
in IfilS for £5000; in the same year they were conveyed by Martin Perse to Trustees
for Caius College. The surviving Trustee in 1657 conv'eyed them to the College.

Estate 13 Avas purchased by Caius College in 1830, of Samuel Edenborough and
Hugh Edenborough, for £1500.

Estate H was purchased by Caius College in 1835, of William Kendall Dawson,
for £2,600.

Estate 15 was purchased by Caius College in 1836, of Orbell Simons, for £.^,250.

Estate 16 was purchased by Caius College in 1736, of the Executors of the Rev.
Stephen Cambourne, for £400.

Estate 17 was acquired in the following manner: i« 16?,7, Martin Perse, Esq., in
consideration of the grant to him of liberty to cut the woods and underwoods in Pra-
ting, conveyed to Caius College 77 acres of arable land, in Bassingbourn, in the County
of Cambridge: in 1733, the College exchanged the Estate at Bassingbourn, for the
Estate at West Dereham, which had been devised to the College by John Lightwine :
£739 19s. 10-^d. being paid from the Perse fund for equality of exchange.

The legal estate in I, 2, and 3 was in the heirs of the last survivor of Dr. Valentine
Carey Bi.shop of Exeter, Martin Perse, Isaac Barrow, Thomas Biook, Richard Ridding,
John Wiseman, Robert Lukyn, Nathaniel Cradock, and Henry King.

The legal estate in 14 was in the Rev. Alexander Thurtell, of the copyhold portion
of 16 in the Rev. James Drew Borton, Rector of Blofiold. Norfolk, in so much of 17 as
is copyhold of the manor of Curples, in George Edward Paget, M.D., and in so much
of 17 as is copyhold of the manor of Tincworih with Batchcroft, in the Rev. Charles
Porter.

The legal estate in the leasehold portion of IG, was in the last survivor of Dr. Sir
Thomas Gooch Bishop of Ely, James Husband, L.L.D. Sir James Burrough Knt,
Robert Simnson, and Francis Shuldham, M-D.

The lcg;il estate in the other property Avas in Caius College, subject as respects 15,
to a term of 1000 years, vested in Christopher Peraberton, Esq., in trust to attend the
inheritance.

640 VICTORIA. [1841

2. Dr. Perse's Registrar shall receive the rents, dividenda, and income of
all the estates and property belonging to the trust, and make all pay-
ments on account of the trust, and transact the business and manage the
estates and property of the trust, under the direction of the Master and
four Senior Fellovvs of the College in pursuance of this scheme, and
shall keep the account hereinafter mentioned, and attend at meetings of
the Master and four Senior Fellows and record their proceedings, and
perform the other duties directed by this scheme.

3. The accounts of the receipts and expenditure of the trust (except on
account of the property applicable exclusively to the purposes of the
school) shall be truly and regularly kept and entered by Dr. Perse's
Registrar, in a book to be called " The Perse Book."

4. The accounts of receipts and expenditure on account of the property
applicable exclusively to the purposes of the school, shall be truly and
regularly kept and entered by Dr. Perse's Registrar, in another book to
be called " The Perse School Book."

5. The said Accounts shall be audited in Gonville and Caius College
yearly, on the 14th of December, being Dr. Perse's mortuary or com-
memmoration day; or if the same shall be a Sunday on the Saturday
immediately preceding, or the Monday immediately succeeding by the
Vicechancellor of the University of Cambridge, or in case such Vice-
chancellor shall be the Master of the said College, by the Masters of
Trinity Hall and Corpus Christi College and the Senior Doctor in Physic
being the Visitors of the said College, or any two of them; and Dr.
Perse's Registrar shall give three day's notice to the Auditor or Auditors
of the day and hour of such audit. And at such audit Dr. Perse's Re-
gistrar shall exhibit the said accounts made up to the Feast of St.
Michael next preceding, so as to comprise all receipts and payments be-
coming due up to that day inclusive, with all vouchers and papers relating
to such accounts. And if such accounts shall be found correct, the
Auditor or Auditors shall sign the same, and the said vouchers and
papers shall forthwith be deposited and kept in the Treasury of the said
College.

6. Proper minutes of all business relating to the Perse Trust or School which
shall be transacted at any meeting of the Master and four Senior Fellows
of the College shall be entered by Dr. Perse's Registrar in a book to be
kept by him for that purpose, and shall be signed by him.

7. No iine shall be taken on any lease of any of the trust estates.

8. All the accumulations as well those now existing as those hereafter to
arise of the trust funds (except such sums of cash not exceeduig £500.
as the Master and four Senior Fellows of the said College shall consider
necessary to retain to meet current demands), shall be invested in Bank
three pounds per cent, annuities, in the name of the Master or Keeper
and Fellows of the said College. And whenever the Master and four
Senior Fellows of the said College shall deem it necessary to employ
or bestow any part of such accumulations in the purchase of lands and
tenements, pursuant to the trusts of the deed of the 3rd day of March,
1618,(1) or whenever any part of such accumulations shall be required by
the said Master and four Senior Fellows for any other purposes of the

(1) Vide Vol. iii. p. 100. ii. (I)

1811] VICTORIA. 641

trust, not inconsistent with this scheme, the said College shall sell a
competent portion of the said £3. per cent, consolidated annuities for
such several purposes.

9. Such a sum of £3. per cent. Bank annuities as at the time of carrying
the same over, shall be of the value of £100. sterling, shall be carried
over from the funds of the Perse Book to the funds of the Perse School
Book, to answer the sum of £100. bequeathed by Mr. George Grillith
for a supplement to the revenues of D;-. Perse's School, and the sum of
£400. which has been received by the said College from the University
of Cambridge since the filing of the Information in this suit, for Rent of
the Old Schoolhouse and Usher's Room shall be carried over to the
Perse School Book; and that all rent to be received for the future for the
same premises, and also the sum of £230. agreed to be paid by the said
University upon giving possession of the same, shall, when the same shall
be received, be carried to the like account.
10. Dr. Perse's Registrar is to be allowed for his care and pains £4. per
cent, on the gross rents of the real estates received by him in addition
to the yearly sum of £15. payable to him under this scheme,
n. The School House and the houses of the Master and Usher, and the
Almshouses belonging to the trust, and the building in Caius College
called the Perse building, shall be rebuilt under the direction of the
Master and four Senior Fellows of the said College, either upon or ad-
jacent to the present sites of the said several buildings, or on some other
convenient spot; and the expences of such several new buildings shall be
defrayed out of the capital of the Bank £3. per cent, annuities, now
forming part of the trust fund. Provided, that the amounts to be so laid
out in rebuilding the School House, and houses of the Master and Usher,
and the almshouses, shall not exceed the several sums following, that is
to say, for the School House and for the houses of the Master and Usher
£2600. sterling, and for the Almshouses £1280. sterling. And provided,
that no greater sum than £5300. sterling shall be taken from the capital
of the said Bank £3. per cent, annuities to defray the expence of re-
building the said Perse Building. The School House, and the houses of the
Master and Usher, and the Almshouses shall be rebuilt as soon as con-
veniently may be; and the building called the Perse Building shall be
rebuilt at such time as the Master and four Senior Fellows shall think
fit ; and so much of the said Bank £3. per cent, annuities as at the
time of transfer shall be equal to the sum of £5300. sterling shall forth-
with be transferred by the Master and Fellows of the said College into
the names of the Master and four Senior Fellows of the said College as
a fund for the rebuilding of the said Perse Building, and the dividends of
the said sum shall be accumulated and added thereto; and the said sum,
with the accumulations thereof, or so much thereof as the said Master
and four Senior Fellows shall think necessary for that purpose, shall be
applied in the rebuilding of the said Perse Building. Provided, if there be
any surplus of the said sum and accumulations after defraying all the
charges of such rebuilding, such surplus shall be retransferred into the
names of the Master and Fellows of the .<;aid College, and again form part
of the general trust estate.

12. The houses of the Master and Usher of Dr. Perse's School, and the
School House and Dr. Perse's Almshouses, and the Building called the

VOL. IV. 4 L

(54^ VICTORIA. [1841

Perse Building, in Caius College, or the houses and buildings to be
erected in lieu thereof, are to be kept in repair by the Master and four
Senior Fellows of the College, and the repairs charged to the Perse Book.
1<5. The yearly sum of £100. allowed to Mr. James Bailey, late Master of Dr.
Perse's School, for his life, is to be charged to the Perse Book.

14. Therk shall be set apart from the net income of the Perse Book a sum
which shall bear to the whole net income the same proportion as the
sum of £6 5s. 4d. bears to the sum of £250., to be from time to time
bestowed in such charitable uses as the Master and four Senior Fellows
of the said College shall think fit, and Dr. Perae's Registrar shall state
in the Perse Book the manner in which the same shall have been be-
stowed.

15. There shall be paid out of the income of the Perse Book to the Preacher
of the sermon on Dr. Perse's Mortuary day, as directed by his will, the
sum of £3.; to the "Vicechancellor of the University of Cambridge, on
auditing the said accounts, the sum of £3. ; and to the three Esquire
Bedells of the said University, the sum of 10s. each.

16. The annual payments out of the income of the Perse Book to the
other objects of the trust shall be as follows, namely : —

£. s. d.

To the Schoolmaster of Dr. Perse's School 300 0 0

To the Usher of Dr. Perse's School 150 0 0

To the six Almspeople of Dr. Perse's Almshouses, £26 each 156 0 0

To the six Fellows of Dr. Perse's foundation in the said
College, £75 each 450 0 0

To the six Scholars of Dr. Perse's foundation in the said
College, £30 each 180 0 0

To the Master and Fellows of the said College towards
the reparation of the buildings of the said College, and
increase of their stock : . . . . 50 0 0

To the two Morning Under Lecturers of the said College
£15 each 30 0 0

To the six Fellows of the said College called Mrs, Frank-
land's Fellows, £22 10s. each 135 0 0

To the Master Cook, to the Butler, and to the Porter of
the said College, £8 each 24 0 0

To the under Cook of the said College 4 0 0

To the three Almsfolk of the Almshouses belonging to the
said College, £4 each 12 0 0

To the maintenance and repairing of the Banks and current
of the new river brought into Cambridge 16 0 0

To the maintenance of the Causey appointed by Dr. Perse's
will to be made between Jesus Lane and Quy Causey, and
to the maintenance of the banks by Dr. Perse made in
Jesus Lane 20 0 0

To the Churchwardens of the Parish Churches of Great
Massingham and Harpley in the County of Norfolk, for
either of the said Townships, to be bestowed at the Feast
of the Nativity of our Lord God amongst the poor of their
several Parishes, with the assistance of the Minister for the
time being, £3 to each of the said Parishes 6 0 0

1811] VICTORIA. 643

To the Muster of Gonville and Caius College . : . . 30 0 0
To the four Senior Fellows of the ancient foundation of

the said College, £15 each GO 0 0

To Dr. Perse's Registrar IS 0 0

To be bestowed on the dinner appointed yearly on Dr.

Perse's Mortuary day . 20 0 0

To be bestowed in exceeding in diet amongst the Scholars

in the said College on that day 10 0 0

To the maintenance of the charitable work at Barley in

the County of Hertford •. 60 0

17. The several sums mentioned in the last preceding section are to be paid
to the several objects therein by equal half-yearly payments, which shall
become due on the Feast of Saint Michael, and the Feast of the An-
nunciation in every year, and shall be paid on the days of such Feasts,
or within twenty days next afterwards. And all the objects of the said trust
or their representatives (except the Almspeople) shall be respectively
entitled to receive a due proportion of the several before mentioned
sums for the whole of any quarter of a year in which they shall respec-
tively have been objects of the said trust for more than half of the said
quarter, and no person, nor the representatives of any person, (except as
to the said Almspeople) shall be entitled to receive any thing on account
of the several before mentioned sums in respect of any quarter of a year
in which such person shall have been an object of the said trust for any
period less than half of such quarter. And the said Almspeople or their
representatives, shall be respectively entitled to receive their stipend for
every week in which such Almspeople shall respectively be objects of the trust.

18. If there shall be any surplus of the income of the Perse Book after
answering the several payments herein before mentioned, and. after leaving
such a sum not exceeding £500 as shall appear to the Master and four
Senior Fellows of the said College a sufficient sum for meeting current
expences, so much of such surplus as shall amount to £24 per cent,
thereof, being the same proportion as £60 bears to £250, shall be carried
over to the Perse School Book, and the residue of such surplus income
being £76 per cent, thereof, shall be carried over to a separate account
in the Perse Book, to be entitled "Savings of the Perse Book."

19. If the income of the Perse Book shall be at any time insufficient to
answer the several yearly payments mentioned in the 16th section of this
scheme, a proportional reduction shall be made in the yearly sums
thereby made payable to such several objects out of such income. But
the funds (if any) standing to the said account "Savings of the Perse
Book " shall be applied in making up to such several objects (except the
Master and Usher of Dr. Perse's School) the yearly sums payable to
them under such 16th section,

20. The monies (if any) carried over to the said account "Savings of the
Perse Book," and all accumulations thereof (subject in case of need to
the application directed to be made thereof by the last preceding section)
shall be invested in Bank £3 per cent, annuities, and the dividends
thereof invested in like manner, and accumulated as a fund applicable to
the augmentation of Dr. Perse's benefactors other than the Freeschool, and
■whenever from time to time a permanent increase in the revenue shall in
the opinion of the Master and four Senior Fellows of the said College permit
an augmentation of the said benefactions, the said Master and Four Seniqr

644 VICTORIA. [1841

Fellows shall direct such augmentation accordingly out of the increased
income of the fund by an order to be made at one of their customary
meetings. Provided always, that by such order a proportional augmentation
be made in all the yearly sums made payable by the IGih section of this
scheme to the several objects therein mentioned, except those payable to
the Master and Usher.

21. If in any year the sums required for the maintenance and repairing of
the new river, and the maintenance of the causey and banks, respectively
mentioned in the 16th section of this scheme, shall be less than the sums
mentioned in such 16th section, the surplus shall be carried forward and
shall be applicable to the same purpose in future years in which a greater
expenditure shall be requisite for such purposes.

22. The salary of the Master of Dr. Perse's School shall be £300, and that
of the Usher £130, and if the payments made to them respectively from
the income of the Perse Book shall not in any year amount to £300 and
£150 respectively, the deficiency shall be made up to them out of the
income of the Perse School Book, or if such income after answering the
other purposes hereinafter mentioned shall be insufficient out of the
funds standing to the account hereinbefore mentioned, called *' The
Savings of the Perse School Book."

23. Dr. Perse's Scbool shall be provided with pens and ink, fuel, and
lighting, for the use of the boys taught there, the expence of which shall
be charged to the income of the Perse School Book.

24. The yearly sum of £10 shall be expended at the discretion of the Master
and four Senior Fellows in Books, to be given away as prizes to such
Free Scholars as shall distinguish themselves at the annual examinations,
and shall be charged to the income of the Perse Scbool Book; and a
yearly sum, not exceeding twenty guineas, at the discretion of the Master
and four Senior Fellows of the said College, shall be paid to the Examiner
or Examiners who shall be appointed by the said Master and four Senior
Fellows of the said College to examine the said Scholars, and shall be
charged to the income of the Perse School Book.

25. The surplus income (if any) of the Perse School Book, after answering
the purposes hereinbefore mentioned, and also the sums (if any) to be
carried over from the surplus income of the Perse Book to the Perse
School Book, in pursuance of the 18th section of this scheme, and all
accumulations of such sums, shall be carried to an account to be called
" Savings of the Perse School Book," and invested in Bank £3 per cent,
annuities, and the dividends thereof invested in like manner, and accu-
mulated as a fund for making good any deficiency in the salaries of the
Master and Usher of Dr. Perse's School, as directed by the 22nd section
of this scheme, and, subject thereto, as a fund applicable to the purposes
of the school ; and whenever from time to time a permanent increase in
the revenue appropriated to the school shall, in the opinion of the Master
and four Senior Fellows of the said College, permit an augmentation of
the salaries of the Master and Usher of the said School, the said Master
and four Senior Fellows shall direct such augmentation to be made in
their salaries out of such increased revenues accordingly, by an order
to be made at one of their customary meetings. Provided, that such
augmentation shall be so made as that the said salaries shall remain in
the same proportion to each other as that at which the same are respec-
tively fixed by this scheme.

1811] VICTORIA. (J45

As TO THE Conduct and ^.Ianagement or the iScnooi..

Theue shall be 100 Scholars, born in Cambridge, Barnwell, Chesterton,
and Trumpington, taught in Dr. Perse's Free School in Cambridge,
freely according to Dr. Perse's will, which shall be called the Free
Scholars.

They shall be carefully and diligently taught while they remain there,
as well in good manners as in all other instruction and learning fit to
be learnt in a grammar school, and also in writing, reading, and arith-
metic, and elementary mathematics; and each Free Scholar on his
entrance shall pay the sum of 20s., to be applied as part of the income
of the Perse School Book ; and each Free Scholar for his instruction in
writing, reading, and arithmetic, shall pay an entrance fee of 10s., and
also 10s, every half-year ; and the Master or Usher, or any person there,
shall not exact anything more of their parents and friends for their
teaching.

Neither shall there be any more or any other taught in the said Free
School besides the Free Scholars, except the Master and Usher do take
to them such further sufficient help besides the Assistant Usher herein-
after mentioned, as the Master and lour Senior Fellows of Gonville and
Caius College (being Dr. Perse's supervisors) shall think fit; but with
such further help, other boys besides the Free Scholars may be taught
in the said School, to such an extent and upon such terms as the
Master and four Senior Fellows shall think fit.

The said Free Scholars shall be from time to time chosen by the Master
and four Senior Fellows as places fall void ; and in such election, such
of the paying Scholars as shall be duly qualified according to Dr. Perse's
will shall have the preference, if they so will, before all others, subject
nevertheless to the provision made by the ninth clause of this scheme.
Thi^ Master and four Senior Fellows of the said College shall hold
meetings at the said School for the election of Free Scholars four times
in each year, namely, within twenty one days next before the Feast of
the Annunciation, the Feast of the Nativity of Saint John the Baptist,
the Feast of Saint Michael, and the Feast of the Nativity of our Lord
God, of which meetings Dr. Perse's Registrar shall give at least seven
days' notice by advertibement in such one of more of the newspapers
published in the Town of Cambridge as the said Master and four Senior
Fellows shall think fit, and by notice in writing affixed on the outer
door of the said School ; and such advertisement and notice shall state
the number of Free Scholars to be elected at such meeting ; and no
election of any Free Scholars shall be made except at such meetings.
There shall be two paper books, one of them to be kept with the Master
or Usher, and the other with the Master aud four Senior Fellows of the
said College, wherein all the Free Scholars' names shall be writ by the
Usher, or some one for him, as they shall be elected or chosen into the
School, and the day and year of their election, and the day and year
of their birth, and the parish in which they were born, and the names
of their parents ; and so soon as the Usher shall have written the same
into the book remaining with him or the Master, he shall from time to
time bring the said book to the Registrar, that the same may be also

646 VICTORIA. [1841

written in the book remaining with the said Master and four Senior
Fellows, that they may both agree.

7. There shall be also a small handsome frame of board, with a paper
pasted thereon, wherein all the Free Scholars shall be from time to time
written by the Usher of the School ; and as any of the Scholars goes
away his name shall be crossed out, and the Scholar's name put in that
is new chosen, and the time of his election : and once in every year the
table shall be renewed by taking off the old paper and pasting on anew, with
all the Free Scholars' names written thereupon that then are remaining
in their places, which shall continually hang up in the School, to the
end that every one that comes there into the School may see whether
the full number of Free Scholars be there from time to time taught,
according to Dr. Perse's will.

8. And if any of the Free Scholars shall be absent a whole month together from
the School, or shall not come into the School within one month after their
election, they shall lose their election, and others shall be chosen there-
into, except their absence be by reason of sickness, or some other cause
as shall be allowed of by the said Master and four Senior Fellows or any
three of them ; but the vacation time shall not be included in the month
mentioned in this section.

9. And when there is any Scholar's place void, a poor man's child shall
be preferred to it before a rich, so that he make suit for it in time.

10. No Scholar shall be chosen who is under ten years of age or above
fourteen years of age at the time of his election, and no Scholar shall be
allowed to continue in the school longer than till the Midummer vacation
next after he shall have attained the age of eighteen years.

11. From Ladyday until Michaelmas, the Scholars shall resort to the school
at seven o'clock in the morning and continue there until eight, and again at
nine, and continue there until twelve, and again at two in the afternoon and
continue until five; and from Michaelmas until Ladyday, they shall resort to
the school at nine of the clock in the morning and continue there until twelve,
and again at two in the afternoon and continue there until five, but on every
Saturday the school shall break up for the day at twelve o'clock at noon, and
the scholars shall be in every way ordered, governed, and corrected as their
teachers in their discretion shall think meet,

12. The Master and four Senior Fellows of the said College may expel from
the school upon the complaint of the Master, any free scholar who
shall grievously misconduct himself.

13. The Master and Usher shall be present during the whole of each
school time.

14. Prayers shall be read every day by the Master or Usher at the be-
ginning of the first School time, and at the end of the last.

15. The Master and four Senior Fellows of the said College, shall from time
to time elect into the said School, as the places shall fall void, the
Master and the Usher, being Graduates in the University of Cambridge,
whereof the Master shall be of the degree of Master of Arts, and the
Usher a Bachelor of Arts at least; and after any avoidance of the
place of Master or Usher, whensoever any that have been educated in
the said school, shall be found fit, such shall have the preferment to
those places before others ; and the Schoolmaster and Usher who shall
be from time to time chosen into the said Scliool, shall be sufficient

18-llJ VICTORIA. 647

scholars for the place and of good government. And if the School-
master or Usher which shall be so chosen, do hold any Ecclesiastical
living or Fellowship in any College when he is chosen to the said
School, they shall give over their Ecclesiastical preferment or Fellowship
within one month after he or they shall enjoy their places in the Free
School, or else their places in the Free School shall be void.
IG. If any Schoolmaster or Usher already chosen, or which shall hereafter
be chosen to the said school, shall obtain any Ecclesiastical living or
Fellowship in any College, then the said Schoolmaster's or Usher's place
in the said School, shall be void within 6 months after they shall enjoy
any Fellowship in any College, and within 12 months after they enjoy
any Ecclesiastical living, and they shall also, during that 6 months ov
12 months, be continually resident in the said School.

17. And if the Schoolmaster or Usher of the said school, shall at any time
hereafter be found careless or negligent in governing or teaching the
Scholars of the said School, and be admonished thereof by the Master
and four Senior Fellows of the said College, and be after that found still
negligent, their places in the said School shall be then void, and others
more fit chosen in their room.

18. And if the Master or Usher, at any time hereafter, shall be found to
be usual frequenters of Taverns or Ale-houses, and be found to be given
to that evil vice of drinking, and be admonished thereof twice by the said
Master and Four k'enior Fellows, and they be afterwards found guilty
therein, their places in the said School shall be then void, and others
better governed, chosen in their steads.

19. The Master and Four Senior Fellows of the said College, may also
remove the Master or Usher from their places on account of any
grievous misconduct, and may appoint others in their stead.

20. The Master and Four Senior Fellows of the said College, shall from
time to time, appoint as Assistant Usher, some person qualified to teach
Writing and Arithmetic, whom they may from time to time dismiss
from such office, and such Assistant Usher shall receive for his own use
the sums hereinbefore directed to be paid by the Free Scholars, for their
instruction iu "Writing, Reading, and Arithmetic.

21. Each Paying Scholar, if any shall be taught in the School, shall pay
the sum of £5 at his entrance, and the sum of 20s. every half year, to
be applied as part of the income of the Perse School Book.

22. The profits of the Paying Scholars shall be divided between the Master
and Usher in such manner as the Master and four Senior Fellows of the
said College shall from time to time direct.

23. The Vacations shall be five weeks at Christmas, commencing six days
before the Feast of the Nativity of our Saviour ; five weeks at Mid-
summer, commencing six days before the Feast of the Nativity of Saint
John the Baptist; and ten days at Easter, commencing the day before
Good Friday.

21. The 14th of December, being Dr. Pcrse's mortuary or commemoration
day, shall be observed as a holiday. The Master of the School may also^
at his discretion, grant other holidays and half holidays, not exceeding
eight holidays and twelve half holidays in the whole year.

25. In the prayers to be used at the times that the Scholars do break up
school before the said vacations, and the times they come together again

648 VICTORIA. [1841

to school after the said vacations, some mention shall be made of Dr.
Perse the formder, and Mr. George GriiTith and others the benefactors
of the School, with giving thanks for the same.

26. Within one week before the School shall break up at Midsummer, the
Free Scholars shall be examined as to their proficiency in classical and
mathematical learning, by two persons to be appointed by the Master
and four Senior Fellows of the College, who shall be Masters of Arts at
the least, and shall not be Master or Usher of the said School ; and such
Examiners shall class the Free Scholars according to their merits, and
shall adjudge to them the prizes of books to be then given to them,

27. In the election of Scholars and Fellows of Dr. Perse's Foundation in
Gonville and Caius College, reference shall be had to Dr. Perse's will,
giving a preference, before any, to such as shall have been Free Scholars
of the said School, instructed and taught there by the space of three
years at the least; and in like manner the Fellowships of Dr. Perse's
Foundation in the said College, when void, shall be filled up by such as
shall have been his Scholars in the said College, being fit Scholars, in
preference before any others.

28. The Master and four Senior Fellows may from time to time make
additional regulations for the conduct and management of the School,
as to any matters not provided for by this scheme, so as such regula-
tions be not inconsistent with or repugnant to the provisions of this
scheme.(l)

The Perse Free School and the houses of the Master and Usher
have been already rebuilt in pursuance of the directions contained
in the preceding scheme.

This year, the Small Bridge was rebuilt, the old wooden structure
being replaced by an elegant cast iron arch. The approaches to the
Bridge were also greatly improved. The new Bridge was opened
for public traffic on the 23rd of September. The cost of the Bridge
and the improvement of the approaches was £1956 15s. 2d., paid by
the Corporation, aided by the following donations: — The Conserva-
tors of the River Cam £300, Trinity Hall £50, the Duke of Nor-
thumberland, Chancellor of the University £50, Charles Finch, Esq.,
£35, Catharine Hall £31 10s., Lord Lyndhurst, High Steward of
the University £25, Trinity College £21, St. John's College £21,
Christ's College £21, Sidney College £21, King's College £20, Right
Hon. Henry Goulburn, M.P., Hon. C. E. Law, M.P., Hon. Henry
Manners Sutton, M.P., Sir Alexander C. Grant, M.P., £20 each, St.
Peter's College £15 15s., Caius College £15, Corpus Christi College
£10 10s., Jesus College £10 10s., Downing College £10 10s., Rev.
J. Tinkler £2.

There were contests in all the Wards at the election of two Coun-
cillors for each on the 1st of November. The votes were: — East

(1) Vide Vol. iii. pp. 93—101; ante 607, C(jS.

1841] VICTORIA. 649

Barnwell Ward: Henry Hazard 189; Henry Staples Foster 188;
Richard Sou thee 184; Thomas Thurston 175.— West Barnwell Ward:
Francis Hopkins 225; John Parfitt 217; Edmund Wells 206; Henry
Gunning, M.A. 200.— Market Ward : William Bishop 170; Isaiah Deck
1G9; Thomas Baker 114; Francis Eaden 111.— Trinity Ward:
William Swann, sen. 171; Michael Headly 169; Henry Smith 113;
William Jeary Cannon 112.— St. Andrew's Ward: John Deighton
170; David Matthew 169; Francis John Gunning 103; Robert
Clayton 102.

On the 15th of November, the Council voted Addresses of con-
gratulation on the birth of the Prince of Wales, to her Majesty,
Prince Albert, and the Duchess of Kent. Similar Addresses to the
Queen and Prince Albert were voted at a Town Meeting on the
same day. On the 26th, congratulatory Addresses to the Queen,
Prince Albert, and the Duchess of Kent, were agreed to at a County
Meeting, and on the 1st of December, similar Addresses were voted
by the Senate.(i) At a Town Meeting held on the 23rd of December,
subscriptions were entered into for raising a fund, called " The Prince
of Wales's Fund," for the purchase of blankets, bread, and coals, for
distribution to the poor, for providing dinners for the inmates of the
Union Workhouse and the Debtors in the Town Gaol, and com-
memorative medals for the Sunday School Children. Nearly £700:
Mas contributed to this fund.

On the 2nd of December, the Vicechancellor and nine other Heads of
Colleges issued a notice reciting that many students had lately been
observed driving tandems and four-in-hand carriages, contrary to the
good order and discipline of the University, and intimating that if
any innkeeper or livery stable keeper, or other person within the
precincts of the University, should be proved to have let out for hire
or in any way to have furnished to any undei^raduate, or persons
in statu pupillari, a tandem or four-in-hand vehicle, or horses for
the same, he should be deemed to have oflTended against the disci-
pline of the University, and would be proceeded against accordingly.
At the same time they published a decree that if any person or
persons in statu pupillari should be found offending against the good
order and discipline of the University, by driving tandems and four-

(I) Presented at nuckinjrham Palace 18th of ftrarcli 1842, by Dr. Arclulall, Vicechan-
cellor, a Deputation from the Senate, the Heads of Houses, &c accompanied by Lo-rd
Lyndhurst, Hig^h Steward of the University, the Marquess Camden, Right Hon. "Henry
Goulburn, M.P., Hon. C. E. Law, M.P., Sir J. R. Eustace, and other noblemen and
gentlemen. The Addresses to Prince Albert and the Duchess of Kent were presented
on the same day.

VOL. IV. 4 M

g50 VICTORIA. [1842

in-hand carriages, such person or persons sbould be liable to the
punishment of suspension, rustication, or expulsion, as the case should
appear to the Vicechancellor and Heads of Colleges to require.

1842.

This year, a subscription was opened for re-building St. Peter's
Church with a tower and spire, and a lithographed view of the in-
tended structure was published.

On the 25th of April, the Vicechancellor and eight other Heads of
Colleges made a decree that if any person in statu pupillari, should
thereafter be found resorting to, or having any communication what-
ever, with any professed teacher of the art of boxing, or be found
attending any prize-fight, he should be liable to the punishment of
suspension, rustication, or expulsion, as the case should appear to
the Vicechancellor and Heads of Colleges to require.

On the 26th of April, there was an election of a Councillor for
West Barnwell Ward, in the room of William EUiston. The votes
were for Henry Bradley 150; Thomas Thurston 119,

The Corn Importation Act to which the royal assent was given
on the 29th of April, contains clauses authorising the Chancellors,
Masters and Scholars of the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge,
to appoint the Inspectors of Corn Returns for the City of Oxford
and Town of Cambridge respectively, and to remove or suspend
them; disqualifying persons dealing in corn, flour, or malt, from
holding the office ; requiring the appointments to be enrolled at the
sessions; and continuing the then inspectors in their offices. (')

A Syndicate having been appointed ^-2) to consider whether any and
what steps should be taken to provide a more sufficient system of
Theological instruction in the University, made a report in which
they recommended certain alterations in the Previous Examination,
and in the Examinations for Questionists, and the adoption of an an-
nual Theological Examination for students admitted ad respondendum
qusestioni and students in Civil Law who produce certificates of per-
formance of the exercises required for the degree of Bachelor in that
faculty. This report was confirmed by the Senate on the 11th
of May.

This year, a Church dedicated to St. Paul was erected on the

(1) Stat. 5 & 6 Vict. c. 14, ss. 14, 15, 16, 19.

(2) December 1st 1841.

1842] VICTORIA. ^51

Hills Road, in the parish of St. Andrew the Less, from the designs
of Ambrose Poynter, Esq. The cost was defrayed by a subscrip-
tion (•) aided by grants from the Incorporated Society for building new
Churches, and the Church Building Commissioners. A district for
ecclesiastical purposes has since been assigned to this Church, which
was opened for divine service on the 17th of May.

On the Gth of June, the Senate voted an Address to the Queen,
congratulating her on the failure of an attack on her life made by
John Francis, The Council also voted a similar Address on the 7th
of June, and on the 7th of July, a congratulatory Address to her
Majesty was voted at a County Meeting convened by the Sheriff.

On the 7th of June, the Council affixed the Common Seal of the
Corporation to a document ordering and appointing that the Cattle
Market formerly held on St. Andrew's Hill, otherwise Hog Hill,
should on Saturday the ISth of June, and on every succeeding
Saturday, be held at Pound Hill, in the parish of St. Giles.

The funds raised by subscription for the New University
Library, being no more than were requisite for the erection of one
side of the proposed court, the Rev. Thomas Halford, M.A., of Jesus
College, this year invested in the hands of Trustees £2000. for
completing a second wing, (2) to which have since been added £100,
by Dr. Edward Maltby, Bishop of Durham, and £50. by Dr. Bene-
dict Chapman, Master of Caius College.

An Act for the transfer of licenses and regulation of public
houses, which received the royal assent on the 1st of July, contains
a clause that it should not extend to alter or in any manner to
affect any of the rights or privileges of the Universities of Oxford
or Cambridge, or the powers of the Chancellors^ or Vicechancellors
of the same, as by law possessed under the respective charters of
the said Universities or otherwise. (3)

The Copyright Act which received the royal assent on the 1st of
July, repeals the statutes of the 8th Anne, and 54th Geo. III. (^), and
contains the following clauses : —

And be it enacted, That a copy of the whole of every book, and of any

(1) The following were amongst the contributions, The Queen Dowager £20, Rev.
Charles Perry, M.A. Patron, (now Bishop of Melbourne) £260, Caius College £100,
Christopher P"emberton, Esq., and Miss A. Perry, each £100, Rev. John Urown, M.A.,
Vicemaster of Trinity College £G2 10s., Jesus College £50, The Duke of Northumberland
Chancellor of the University, Rev. Joseph Romilly, M.A. llegistrary of the University,
Rev. Edmund Mortlock, B.U., Fellow of Christ's College, and .Mrs. Perry, of Regent's
Park London, each £jO.

(2) Letter of thanks from the Senate scaled 22nd June 1812.

(3) Stat : 5 & 6 Vict. c. 44, s.
(■{) Vide ante pp. 98, 508.

652 VICTORIA. [1812

second or subsequent edition of every book containing additions and alterations
together with all maps and prints belonging thereto, which after the passing
of this act shall be published, shall, on demand thereof in writing, left at
the place of abode of the publisher thereof at any time within twelve
months next after the publication thereof, under the hand of the officer of
the Company of Stationers who shall fiom time to time be appointed by the
said company for the purposes of this act, or under the hand of any other
person thereto authorized by the persons or bodies politic and corporate,
proprietors and managers of the libraries following, (videlicet,) the Bodleian
Library at Oxford, the Public Library at Cambridge, the Library of the Faculty
of Advocates at Edinburgh, the Library of the College of the Holy and Un-
divided Trinity of Queen Elizabeth near Dublin, be delivered, upon the paper
of which the largest number of copies of such book or edition shall be
printed for sale, in the like condition as the copies prepared for sale by the
publisher thereof respectively, within one month after demand made thereof
in writing as aforesaid, to the said officer of the said Company of Stationers
for the time being, which copies the said officer shall and he is hereby
required to receive at the hall of the said company, for the use of the library
for which such demand shall be made within such twelve months as
aforesaid ; and the said officer is hereby required to give a receipt in
writing for the same, and within one month after any such book shall be
so delivered to him as aforesaid to deliver the same for the use of such
library.

Provided also, and be it enacted, That if any publisher shall be desirous
of delivering the copy of such book as shall be demanded on behalf of any
of the said libraries at such library, it shall be lawful for him to deliver the
same at such library, free of expence, to such librarian or other person
authorized to receive the same (who is hereby required in such case to receive
and give a receipt in writing for the same), and such delivery shall to all
intents and purposes of this act be held as equivalent to a delivery to the
said officer of the Stationers' Company.

And be it Enacted, That if any publisher of any such book, or of any
second or subsequent edition of any such book, shall neglect to deliver the
same, pursuant to this act, he shall for every such default forfeit, besides the
value of such copy of such book or edition which he ought to have de-
livered, a sum not exceeding five pounds, to be recovered by the librarian
or other officer (properly authorized) of the library for the use whereof
such copy should have been delivered, in a summary way, on conviction
before two justices of the peace for the county or place where the
publisher making default shall reside, or by action of debt or other pro-
ceeding of the like nature, at the suit of such librarian or other officer,
in any Court of Record in the united kingdom, in which action, if the
plaintiff shall obtain a verdict, he shall recover his costs reasonably incurred
to be taxed as between attorney and client.

Provided always, and be it enacted, That nothing in this act con-
tained shall aflect or alter the rights of the two Universities of Oxford and
Cambridge, the Colleges or Houses of Learning within the same, the four
Universities in Scotland, the College of the Holy and Undivided Trinity
of Queen Elizabeth near Dublin, and the several Colleges of Eton,
Westminster, and Winchester, in any copyrights heretofore and now vested

1842] O VICTORIA. (353

or hereafter to be vested in such Universities and Colleges respectively,
anything to the, contrary Jierein contained notwithstanding (I)

On the 2nd of July, a Grace passed dispensing with the enter-
tainments theretofore given by the Proctors at Midsummer and
Sturbridge Fairs.

This year, the following works of art were presented to the Uni-
versity : by the Duke of Northumberland Chancellor, a copy in
bronze of the Warwick Vase ; by Richard Burney, M.A., of Christ's
College, an Ivory Model of the Tage Mahal at Agra; by Rundell,
Bridge, and Co., goldsmiths, London, a bronze cast of Flaxman's
Shield of Achilles ; by Sir Grenville Temple, a series of casts of the
ornaments of the Alhambra. The vase was placed in the Senate
House Yard, the other presents have been deposited in the Fitz-
william Museum.

The festival in honour of the Installation of the Duke of Nor-
thumberland as Chancellor of the University, took place this year.C-)
His Grace arrived at St. John's College Lodge in the afternoon of
Saturday the 2nd of July, and shortly afterwards received a con-
gratulatory visit from the Vicechancellor, Heads of Houses, Proctors,
&c. His Royal Plighness the Duke of Cambridge, also arrived at
Catharine Hall Lodge the same evening, and was welcomed to the
University by the Vicechancellor, Lord Lyndhurst, High Steward of
the University, and Dr. French, Master of Jesus College. On Sunday
the 3rd, the Chancellor attended divine service at Great St. Mary's,
both morning and afternoon. Music acts were also performed there
after each service. On the 4th, the Duke of Wellington arrived at
Cambridge, from Bourn Hall, the seat of Earl De La Warr, amidst
the acclamations of a vast concourse of people. On the same day,
the Chancellor held a levee at St. John's Lodge, and proceeded
thence to the Senate House, where H.R.H. the Duke of Cam-
bridge, was created LL.D., and other honorary degrees were
conferred. The Chancellor dined on that day with the Vicechan-
cellor, in Emmanuel College Hall. On the 5th, the Chancellor
again presided in the Senate House. After the creation of Doctors,(3)
and other customary proceedings, the following Installation Ode
written by the Rev. Thomas Whytehead, M.A., fellow of St.

{!) Stat: 5 &; 6 Vict. c. 45, ss. 8, 'J, lu. 27.

(2) In ordinary course lliis festival should have been held in ISll, but was postponed on
account of the political excitement, which ultimately resulted in a general election.

(■<) The Masters of Arts were created in the Law Schools at 7 o'clock a.m.

654 VICTORIA. [1842

John's College, and set to music by T. A. Walraisley, M.A. and
Mus. Bac. Professor of Music, was performed : —

I.
Fling the gates of Music wide !

Hold back no more the rush of song ;
But, like an unchecked torrent, deep and strong,
Pour forth in one triumphant tide
The gathering burst from every side
Of joy and gratulation and exulting pride.

II.

Hark ! how rolls the flood of sound

These monastic walls around.
Sacred to studious watch and holy calm,

The river as he stealcth by

"With soft pace and silently,
Lingering to listen to the chaunted psalm

Duly from the chapel borne.

Hears another strain this morn,
And wonders at the unwonted minstrelsy.

III.

Strangely the voice of song and music falls

Startling these unworldly halls,

Where, iu quiet, priest and sage

Many an unrecorded age
Have trimmed with pious hand the fire of Learning,

Watching o'er it day and night
On Heaven's most blessed altar burning.

And made its lustre yet more bright
For the pure incense, that they ceased not giving
Unto its fragrant flames, of meek and saintly living.

IV.

But, Granta, at thine own command

That ancient stillness now we break
Thyself doth strike the key-note loud

Of the song we wake.

By all the stirring names of power

Hotspur, Douglas, and Glendower,
That blazed in famous Border Annals stand ;

By all the lays and legends proud

That cling round Alnwick's Donjon-Tower

Like a gorgeous sun-set cloud
Mantling some stately peak of Cheviot-land ;
By all she owes to his own princely hand,

She bids the song of welcome now

1842] VICTORIA. (555

In trumpet tones uprise to greet

The '^crcp, at her summons come

From his old Northumbrian home,
To mount her venerable guardian seat ;

And while around his manly brow

She binds the symbol of her sway,
Thus chaunt we loudly forth his Coronation lay.

"Wear the wreath thy worth has won thee,
,*' Champion, take thy trust upon thee,
" Lift on high thy beaming shield
"The mightiest have been proud to wield;
"To thine ancestral roll of fame
" Write thou one other title yet,
"That may ennoble e'en the Percy's name,
"And grace the blood of the Plantagenet."(l)

But who be ye,(2)
Whose shadowy Consistory, laurel-crowned,
Spectators of this goodly Pomp I see ?
Lo ! where in solemn rank around.
Circling yonder chair of state,
Do Granta's ancient Guardians wait
To welcome to his seat their "newly-throned mate.

VII.

Names of old renown are there,
Majestic forms and unforgott'n faces ;

Villiers and gallant Dcvereux, princely pair,
In that august assembly take their places,
And gaze conspicuous on the pageant fair ;
While wisdom beams in Cecil's tranquil air
Prelates whose counsels swayed the realm,
On their golden crosiers lean.
Foremost of all undaunted Fisher stands,
With look benign and stately bending mien ;
Glad to behold beside the helm
The son his own loved cloister bred.
And lifting high his aged hands
Thus speaks the benediction of the Dead,

(1) The Earls of Northumberland have thrice been allied by marriage with the House
of Plantagenet.

(2) The names that follow in (vii) and (ik) are those of former Chancellors of the
University. John Fisher, Cardinal, and Almoner to the Lady Margaret, 150-i; William
Cecil, Lord Burleigh, 1558; Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex, 1508; George Villiers,
Duke of Buckingham, 1626; James Scott. Duke of Monmouth, 1674; and Charles Seymour,
Duke of Somerset, (an ancestor of the Duke of Northumberland) 1688.

(356 VICTORIA. [1842

Tin.
^'Ileir of our ancient trust, with thee
"Long may the keeping of the fountain be,
"That guards the unsullied springs of Truth

" From touch of profanation free ;
" Here may the eager lips of youth
'• Still quench their thirst in streams as pure
"As those which did thine early steps allure,
" And led thee up to this, proud company,"

IX.

Granta, while gazing on that lordly line.

What more than mother's joy is thine.

To see how England's noblest ones,

Glorying to be called thy sons,
Have vied thy deathless wreath around their brows to twine;

Yet, 'mid those splendour-circled names,
One pitying look ill-fated Monmouth claims,
Where in the illustrious throng he stands concealed ;

Nor shalt thou fail to mark the while

How there sits a radiant smile
On the curled lip of haughty Somerset,

To see his generou; race can yield
To Learning's halls a patron yet.

Still, of that stately train the last,
Upon one reverend form thine eyes are oast,
And they with tears are filling fast,
O, cease awhile, ye sounds of gladness,
And let the plaintive notes and slow
Mingle with the thoughts of sadness

XI.

And Thou, around whose brows this morn
The crown yon famous line has borne

Spreads its laureate leaves unfaded,—
Long by that wreath, in lustre worn,

Be thy temples shaded !
Under thine auspicious sway

May Science still her daring way.
Held by a hand unseen, in safety keep,
Amid the stars of Heaven and caverns of the Deep.

Here let Plato's holy theme
Still find another listening Academe

While from Religion's ancient Altar

1842] VICTORIA. 657

The soaring flames that never falter
Far o'er the ilkmiincd land with steady radiance gleam.
O Percy ! may that beaconing blaze
Yet more majestic mount on high
Beneath the calm of thy propitious days;
Where Priests may feed their censers bright,
And Patriot hands their torches light,
Nor let the olden fires of Faith and Fealty die !

The Chancellor afterwards attended a Grand Fete given in the
grounds of St. John's College, to above 1400 persons. On the 6th,
there was a ball in the" Fitzwilliam Museum, which was attended
by 1602 ladies and gentlemen. There were performances of sacred
music at Great St. Mary's, on the evening of the 2nd, and on the
morning of the 6th of July ; and concerts in the Senate House on
the evenings of the 4th and 5th. On the 4th, there was a fete at
Magdalene College, and on the 5th, a grand display of fireworks at
Jesus College.(i) On the 4th, the Council voted a congratulatory
Address to H.R.II. the Duke of Cambridge, to whom it was
presented on the same day, at Catharine Hall Lodge.

On the 3rd of September, the Corn Exchange on St. Andrew's
Hill was opened. It was erected by the Corporation, aided by a
subscription amounting to £691. 155. Od. of which sum the Earl
of Hardwicke, Lord Lieutenant of the County, gave £50., Thomas
Mortlock, Esq, £21., J. P. AUix, Esq. M.P. £20., and R. J. Eaton,
Esq. M.P. £20. The cost of the building, &c. was £1734 12^. 4d.

On the 12th of October, was formed the Cambridge Cemetery
Company. Their Cemetery is situate on the Histon Road, in the
Parish of Chesterton.

A new and handsome Shire House within the precints of the Castle,
was completed this year, and opened on the 21st of October, when
the General Quarter Sessions for the County were held there. The
Architects were Messrs. Wyatt and Brandon. To the great regret
of the lovers of antiquity, the spacious and massive Gatehouse, the
sole relic of the Castle, was removed to make way for this Shire
House. The lease of the Shire Hall on the Market Hill,(2) was

(1) Mr. Peters set forth an Installation Medalin gold, silver bronze, and white metal,
having on the obverse, a portrait of the Chancellor with this legend. " princeps illustrip.
HUGO PERCY NoRTiiUMB. DUX ACAD. CANTABR. CANCELL. 1S42" and on thc reverse, an
exterior view of the Senate House surmounted by his Grace's Arms and motto, " espe-
RANCE EN DiEu " and having underneath, the Arms of the University, and " alma mater

CANTABRIGIA."

(2) Vide ante p. 258 n. (3.)

VOL. IV. 4 N

g58 VICTORIA. [1842

surrendered to the Corporation, who converted the Crown Court into
a Council Chamber, having adjoining the same, a fire- proof Treasury
or Muniment Chamber.

There were contests in two Wards, at the annual election of
two Councillors for each on the 1st of November. In East Barn-
well Ward the votes were John Hall, 154; Thomas Thurston, 134;
Robert Haylock, 119. In West Barnwell Ward the votes were
Juner Perry Lawrence, 151 ; Thomas Rooke, 145 ; George Livett,
139; James Peterson Twiss, 138.

The Senate having appointed a Syndicate,(i) to inquire into the
state of the Funds of the University, this Syndicate reported(2) as
follows : —

That the Funded Property of the University has of late years been con-
siderably diminished by a succession of large extraordinary expenses. As
instances of such outlay, the Syndicate beg leave to particularize the sums con-
tributed out of the University Chest towards the erection and fittings of the
Observatory, and also the expenses incurred in the erection of new Printing
Offices and Machinery, in the purchase of Sites for the Pitt Press and the
New Library, and in the erection and fittings of the New Anatomical Schools,
and in the fittings of the new Mineralogical Museum.

That, besides the diminution of income resulting from this reduction of
capital, the permanent annual expenditure of the University has been very con-
siderably increased, as well by the provision made for the maintenance and
management of the Observatory, as also by various new arrangements partly
consequent upon the extension of the Public Buildings and Scientific Collec-
tions of the University, and partly arising out of the enlarged system of aca-
demical Examinations.

That to meet this increased, and probably still increasing, expenditure, it
appears to the Syndicate to be necessary that some measures should be
adopted to augment the permanent annual income of the University.

With this view, the Syndicate beg leave to recommend

That in future the fees payable to the University Chest on Matriculation and
on Admission to any Degree, be increased according to the following scale, viz : —

That on Matriculation every Nobleman and Fellow Commoner
pay an additional sum of ; . ; £6 0 0

And every Pensioner an additional sum of £3 0 0

That every person admitted to any Degree, unless it be honorary,
pay an additional sum of , . . . . £1 10 0

A Grace confirming this report was passed on the 2nd of Novem-
ber, after a division in the N on -Regent house wherein the votes
were, placets 44 ; non-placets 19.

On the 1st of December, the Vicechancellor and ten other Heads
issued a Notice, that persons in statu pupillari, taking part in, or
resorting to meetings of persons, assembled for the purpose of pigeon

(1) 20th of May.

(2) 28th of June.

1843] VICTORIA. 659

shooting, would be liable to suspension, rustication, or expulsion,
as the case should appear to the Vicechancellor and Heads to
require.

A day mail between London and Cambridge, was established on
the 23rd of December.

1843.

On the 10th of February, the Senate voted petitions to both
Houses of Parliament for repeal of the enactment uniting the sees
of St. Asaph and Bangor.

On the 21st of February, a Town Meeting to petition the House
of Commons against the Income Tax, was held at the Guildhall.
It was convened by the Mayor, but he being too unwell to preside,
the chair was taken by Henry Staples Foster, Esq. The resolutions
and petition were carried unanimously. They were proposed and
supported by Richard Foster, Esq., Mr. John Hatt, George Livett,
Esq., Mr. Henry Smith, Ebenezer Foster, Esq.. Mr. Edmund Wells,
Mr. Haylock, Mr. William Ekin, and Mr. Charles Asby.

On the 20th of March, was taken the poll on the election of a
representative in Parliament for the Town, in the room of Sir
Alexander Cray Grant, Bart., who vacated his seat by accepting the
office of one of the Commissioners for auditing the public accounts.
The candidates were Fitzroy Kelly,(i) Esq., one of her Majesty's
Counsel at Law, who polled 713 votes, and Richard Foster, Esq., for
whom 680 votes were recorded.

A Syndicate appointed " to consider whether it is desirable to take
" any measures, and if so what, to secure a correspondence between
"the Mathematical and Classical Examinations of the University,
" and the Mathematical and Classical Lectures of the University
"Professors," having made a report to the Senate, a grace to carry
into effect the recommendations therein contained, was proposed on

(1) Mr. Kelly was called to the bar by the society of Lincoln's Inn, 7lh of May, 182-1.
He unsuccessfully contested Hythe in 182G. In Hilary vacation 18.35, he was constituted
King's Counsel. At the general election in 1835, he was returned to Parliament for
Ipswich (the votes being Kelly, 461 ; Robt. Adam Dundas, Esq., 4(j0; Rigby Wason, Esq.,
433; James Morrison, Esq., 429), but was unseated on petition (see Knapp and Ombler's
Election Cases 322—390). At the general election of 1837 he again contested Ipswich,
and was defeated at the poll (the votes being Thomas Milner Gibson, Esq., 601 ; Henry
Tufnell, Esq., 595; Kelly, 593; Rigby Wason, Esq., 593), he however was seated on pe-
tition (see Falconer and Fitzherbert's Election Cases 26G— 294). At the general election
in 1841, he was an unsuccessful candidate for Ipswich (the votes being Rigby Wason,
Esq., 6.'".9; George Rennie, Esq., G57; Kelly, Gil; Rt. Hon, J. C Ilerries, 604). In July
184.'}, he was appointed Solicitor-General, and was soon afterwards knighted. At the
general election in 1847, he unsuccessfully contested Lyme Regis (the votes being
Thomas Neville Abdy, Esq., 148; Kelly, 145). He also failed in an attempt to obtain
the scat on petition.

660 VICTORIA. [1843

the 31st of March, and Tejected in the Non-Regent House : placets
19j non-placets 27.

A Roman Catholic Chapel dedicated to St. Andrew having been
erected in Union road, from a design of A. Welby Puginj Esq., the
altar was consecrated on the 27th of April, by Dr. Wareing, titular
Bishop of Ariopolis, with the accustomed ceremonies, after which a
sermon was preached by Dr. Wiseman, titular Bishop of Melipotamus,

On the 4th of May, the Council voted addresses to her Majesty,
congratulating her on the birth of the Princess Alice Maud Mary,
and condoling on the death of H.R.H< the Duke of Sussex.

Isaac Ibberson, and Charles Asby, two of the electors of the
Borough, having petitioned the House of Commons against the re-
turn of Mr. Kelly, as member of Parliament, a select committee
was appointed to try and determine this petition. The committee
met on the 17th, 18th, 19th, 20th, 22nd, 23rd, 24th, 25th, and
26th of May, when they determined that Mr. Kelly was duly
elected. Tliey also reported that one Wm. Smithers had been
bribed, but that it was not proved that the bribe was given by
Mr. Kelly, or his agents, or with his knowledge or consent ; also
that one John Humm, left his residence and avoided being served with
the Speaker's warrant to give evidence. Mr. Kinglake, and Mr.
Burcham, were counsel for the petitioners, and Mr. Austin, Mr. Cock-
burn, and Mr. Hildyard, for the sitting member.

On the 25th of May, Mr. Wm. Dougal Christie, M.P. for
Weymouth, moved the House of Commons for leave to bring in
a bill to abolish certain oaths and subscriptions in the Universities
of Oxford and Cambridge, and to extend education in the Uni-
versities to persons who are not members of the Church of England.
The motion was supported by Mr. T. M. Gibson, Sir Winston
Barron, Lord John Russell, Mr. Wyse, Mr. Redington, Mr.
Roebuck, and Mr. H. R. Yorke, and opposed by Mr. Goulburn
Chancellor of the Exchequer, Sir Robert Harry Inglis, Mr. Shaw,
Lord Stanley, Mr. Williams Wynn, and Viscount Sandon. On a
division the motion was rejected: Ayes 105; Noes 175.(*)

In the afternoon of the 9th of August, the town and neigh-
bourhood were visited by most appalling thunder storms, accom-
panied with the descent of furious torrents of ice, hail, and rain.
Scarcely a house, college, church, or public building, in Cambridge

(1) Hansard, Parliamentary Debates, third series, Ixix. 855— 1>18.

1843] VICTORIA. (JOl

escaped without injury, and in many instances the damage was
very considerable. The crops in the neighbourhood were also
damaged to a serious extent.

An Act for regulating Theatres which received the royal assent
on the 22nd of August, repeals so much as was then in force of
the Act 10, Geo. II., for the more effectual preventing the playing
of interludes within the precincts of the two Uuiversities,(U and
requires that in places beyond the limits of the Lord Chamber-
lain's authority, all theatres shall be licensed by the Justices of
the Peace, subject as respects Oxford and Cambridge, and a distance
of fourteen miles from each of these places, to the subjoined proviso :

PiioviDED ALWAYS, and be it enacted, That no such Licence shall be in
force within the Precincts of either of the Universities of Oxford or Cambridge,
or within Fourteen miles of the City of Oxford or Town of Cambridge, without
the Consent of the Chancellor or Vice Chancellor of each of the said Universities
respectively ; and that the Rules for the Management of any Theatre which shall
be licensed with such Consent within the Limits aforesaid, shall be subject to
the Approval of the said Chancellor or Vice Chancellor respectively ; and in case of
the Breach of any of the said Rules, or of any Condition on which the Consent
of the Chancellor or Vice Chancellor to grant any such Licence shall have been
given, it shall be lawful for such Chancellor or Vice Chancellor respectively to
annul the Licence, and thereupon such Licence shall become void.(2)

This year, extensive alterations and improvements were made
in the church of St. Botolph, which was repaired throughout. It
was re -opened for divine service on the 17th of September.

The church of St. Andrew the Great having been pulled down
and a more spacious edifice designed by Ambrose Poynter, Esq.,
erected on its site by subscription,(3) the new church was conse-
crated on the 19th of October, in this year, by Dr. Allen, bishop
of Ely.

On the 25th of October, the University and Town were honoured
with a visit from her Majesty, accompanied by her illustrious
consort His Royal Highness Prince Albert. Her Majesty and the
Prince came from Windsor to Slough, thence by the Great

(1) Vide ante, p. 232.

(2) Stat: 6 & 7 Vict. c. 68, S3. 1,2, 5, 10.

(3) The subscription was set on foot in 1836. The principal subscribers were Frederick
Thackeray, Esq., M.D., Thos. Hall Fisher. Esq., and Mr. Thomas Stamford Woodley,
£110. each, Thos. Fisher, Esq., llev. George Lang-shaw, Vicar, Joseph Truslove, Esq ,
James Law sometime Alderman, £l05. each. Christ's Colicg-e, £105. Hugh Duke
of Northumberland High Steward of the University, £lO0. Dean and Chapter of Ely,
£100. James Wood, U.D. Dean of Ely and Master of St. Jolin's College, and Mr.
Edward Favell, £57. 10s. each. George Archdall, D.D. Master of Emmanuel College,
£.55. Mr Moses Brown, and W. N. Heale, Esq. of Christ's College. £52. 10s. each.
Miss Hatch, £50. Emmanuel College, £'iO. Upwards of £800. was realized by a
Bazaar held at the Town Hall, on the 15lh, IGlh, 17th, and I8th of November, 1837-

662 VICTORIA. [1843

Western Railway to Paddington, and by road through Tottenham,
Ware, Buntingford, and Royston, to Cambridge. At Royston, the
Queen was met by the Earl of Hardwicke Lord Lieutenant of
Cambridgeshire, who, accompanied by a numerous body of the
yeomanry of the county on horseback, escorted her Majesty to
Cambridge. At the end of Trumpington Street, a lofty triumphal
arch decorated with flowers, evergreens, and flags, had been erected,
and within the arch the Mayor and Council in their formalities
awaited the Queen's approach. Her Majesty, escorted by the
Whittlesey yeomanry cavalry, arrived here at ten minutes to two,
when the Mayor presented the mace, which her Majesty graciously
returned, and the Council preceded her Majesty to Trinity College,
the Mayor walking by the right of her Majesty's carriage. Count-
less crowds were assembled to greet their Sovereign and the
Prince, who were received with the most rapturous enthusiasm.
At the entrance of Trinity College, Dr. Whewell the Vicechancellor
and the University met her Majesty, to whom the Vicechancellor
offered the staves of the Esquire Bedels, but her Majesty was
pleased to order the Esquire Bedels to resume the same. Within
the College, Dr. Whewell as Master, with the Seniors ten-
dered the College keys, which were graciously returned. Having
partaken of refreshment in the Master's Lodge, her Majesty pro-
ceeded to hold a Court in the Hall, at the upper end of which
a throne had been erected. The Vicechancellor attended by Lord
Lyndharst High Steward of the University, the Heads of Colleges,
Professors, University Officers, Senate, and other members of the
University, then presented the following address ; —

To The Queen's most Excellent Majesty.

The humble Address of the Chancellor, Masters, and Scholars
of the University of Cambridge.
May it please your Majesty,

We, your Majesty's dutiful subjects, the Chancellor, Vice-Chancellor, Mas-
ters, and Scholars of the University of Cambridge, most gratefully avail
ourselves of your Majesty's gracious permission to offer, within the walls of
the University itself, the expression of the devoted loyalty which we at all
times feel towards your Majesty, and of the sentiments excited in our hearts
by your Majesty's presence among us.

The University of Cambridge, protected and favoured by your Majesty's
royal predecessors, and entrusted by them with important offices in the great
national concerns of religion and education, has ever been profoundly grateful
for the dignified duties thus assigned her, and full of reverent affection towards
the sovereigns of the realm. When, in former times, the members of this
University have been so highly honoured as to see among them their Sove-

1843 j VICTORIA. 663

reigns in person, such an event has upon all occasions called up in their
breasts the most earnest and lively sentiments of loyalty, and has made them
feel, more strongly than ever, both the dignity and the responsibility of their
position.

We trust your Majesty will believe that any expressions which we can use
very inadequately convey the senae which we entertain of your Majesty's great
kindness and condescension in thus enabling us to add the name of your
Majesty to those of your royal predecessors, the Queens and Kings, who have
in succession visited this their University. We feel it an additional mark of
your Majesty's favour and consideration, that your Majesty's visit takes place
at so early a period of your Majesty's happy reign, and in the company of
your Majesty's August Consort, so as to bring our academic institution under
the immediate notice of his cultivated and enlightened mind. We also esteem
it a peculiar instance of your Majesty's royal favourable disposition, that your
Majesty has been pleased to make this visit at a time when the occupations
and business of the University are proceeding in their ordinary course, and so
soon after the announcement of your Majesty's gracious intention that the
University necessarily wears its usual aspect. We trust we may consider your
Majesty's visit under such circumstances a mark of your royal good opinion
and good will; of your Majesty's sympathy in the purposes which the Uni-
versity has to fulfil ; and of your Majesty's confidence that we are labouring
in the discharge of our duties with fidelity and diligence.

We trust that, at all periods of the history of this University, the number
of the persons who, after receiving their education here, have distinguished
themselves as statesmen, divines, and scholars, has abundantly shewn that the
culture which is here given to men's minds, is not unfit to mould the noble
national character of the country over which your Majesty reigns, and to
qualify men to act their respective parts in that glorious national constitution
in church and state of which your Majesty is the Head. But whatever our
exertions may have hitherto been, we shall henceforth have, in the recollection
of the interest in our institutions and occupations which your Majesty's visit
implies, a most powerful motive to labour still more diligently, in the hope
that this University may continue to produce worthy members of the state,
and faithful and able servants of your Majesty.

This gracious visit of your Majesty and your Royal Consort will ever be
kept in mind as a mamorable event in the records of the University; and will
be by all of us who have the good fortune and the high honour to be present
on this auspicious occasion, recollected with feelings of deep gratitude and
affectionate reverence towards your Majesty.

With these sentiments, we pray that the Supreme Disposer of events may
be pleased to shed upon your Majesty and your Royal Consort a continuance
and increase of all blessings, to shield you from all harm, and long to preserve
your Majesty for the benefit and happiness of these realms.

Her Majesty was graciously pleased to reply as follows :

I RECEIVE with peculiar satisfaction, on the occasion of my visit to the
University, this dutiful and affectionate expression of your attachment and
loyalty.

I AM deeply sensible of the benefits which your exertions in the cause of
religion and learning have conferred upon my people ; and the University
may, on all occasions, depend upon my continued favour and encouragement.

(564 TICTORIA. [1813

The Vicechancellor then presented the following nddress to Prince

Albert :

To His Royal Highness Prince Albert.

The humble Address of the Chancellor, Masters, and Scholars of
the University of Cambridge.

May it please your Royal Highness,

We, Her Majesty's dutiful subjects, the Chancellor, Masters, and Scholars
of the University of Cambridge, beg leave to avail ourselves of the oppor-
tunity now given us, of tendering to your Royal Highness the expression of
our profound respect ; and of welcoming with our most cordial good wishes,
your Royal Highness's appeaiance within the walls of this University; an
event which is a source of satisfaction and joy to every Member of our body.

The intimate ties which connect your Royal Highness with the happiness
of our beloved Queen, and the future prosperity ot the nation, cannot but call
forth our most lively desires and earnest prayers for your Royal Highness's
welfare, with which your Royal Highness's virtues and high endowments lead
us to combine a cordial and respectful feeling towards your Royal Highness's
person.

"We are persuaded that your Royal Highness's known regard for religion,
learning, and science, will make your Royal Highness receive with kind
condescension the salutations of a body which has these great objects for
its special ends. Your Royal Highness, educated in a distinguished University
of your native land, will not fail to feel a lively concern in the academical
establishments of this your Royal Highness's adopted country. And connected
as your Royal Highness is, by the most endearing ties, and by the relation;?
belonging to your Royal Highness's exalted position, with the institutions of
England, your Royal Highness, we are persuaded, visits one of the ancient
Universities of the land with a strong interest, arising both from the place
which it occupies in the history of the country, and its importance in the
social fabric of the empire.

We trust that the attention which in this University has been bestowed
upon divine and human learning, has been such, that we are not unworthy of
some portion of the sympathy which your Royal Highness feels in the cul-
tivation of such pursuits. And we rejoice that the delight and gratitude
excited by the visit of our gracious sovereign, are combined with this privilege
of coming under the personal notice of your Royal Highness, Her Majesty's
Illustrious Consort.

It is our earnest wish and prayer that your Royal Highness may receive
every blessing which Providence can bestow, and may long continue to be a
benefit and an ornament to these realms.

The Prince's reply was as follows : —

I RECEIVE with peculiar pleasure these assurances of attachment and regard
which have been so kindly presented to me on this my first visit with the
Queen to this ancient Universitj',

My warmest and best wishes will always attend the studies here pursued ;
and I earnestly trust that the University of Cambridge may long maintain
the reputation it has earned, of successfully training enlightened men for the
service of the state, and of diffusing throughout the country the blessings of a
sound and religious education.

1S13] VICTORIA. 665

The Vicechancollor, High Steward, Heads of Colleges, Caput,
Proctors, Esquire Bedels, and Registrary, were presented to her Ma-
jesty and the Prince, who soon afterwards proceeded to King's College
Chapel, at the entrance of whicli they were received by Dr. George
Thackeray Provost, and Wm. Hunt Esq. M.A., the Senior Fellow.
Evening Prayer was read hy the Provost ; Mr. John Pratt Organist
of the College and of the University, presiding at the organ. On return-
ing to Trinity College, the Queen and Prince visited the Chapel, the
Queen returiiing to the Master's Lodge, whilst the Prince, ac-
companied by the Vicechancellor, viewed the College Library by
torchlight. In the evening Her Majesty had a private dinner party
at the Master's Lodge, and afterwards held a levee, at whicli many
Members of the University were presented, as were also Thomas
Stevenson, Esq. Mayor, Aldermen Deighton, Fawcett, and Fisher,
and Henry Staples Foster, Esq., Councillor, who attended with ad-
dresses from the Council to the Queen and Prince. That evening
the town was illuminated, and there was a grand display of fire-
works on Parker's Piece. On the 26th, the Prince having been
admitted of Trinity College, and matriculated as a member of the Uni-
versity ; Her Majesty and the Prince proceeded to the Senate House,
where the Queen being seated on the throne, the Prince was admit-
ted to the degree of LL.D., and the degree of D.D. was conferred
by royal mandate on the Rev. Robert Phelps Master of Sidney Sus-
sex College. On leaving the Senate House, Her Majesty and the Prince
viewed the Geological Museum and the University Library, proceed-
ing thence to King's College, and visiting the Provosi's Lodge. Her
Majesty and the Prince then went to St. John's College, where they
viewed the Library, Master's Lodge, and the Chapel, then Her Majesty
returned to Trinity College, whilst the Prince visited Christ's College,
Sidney College, Jesus College, and Magdalene College. The Queen and
Prince then proceeded to Corpus Christi College, where they viewed
the Library, Chapel, and Hall, and thence went to the Church of
the Holy Sepulchre, then in course of restoration. Her Majesty
and the Prince returned again to Trinity College, whence at about
20 minutes to 5, they took their departure for Wimpole House,
the seat of the Earl of Hardwicke, which was honoured with their
presence till the morning of the 28th of October, when they left
for Windsor.

All the wards were contested at the annual election of two

VOL IV, 4 o

666 VICTORIA. [1843

Councillors for each on the 1st of November. The votes were as
follow :— East Barnwell Ward : Charles Wagstaff 196; Edmund Wells
188; Symeon Taylor Bartlett 143; Field Dunn Barker 133.— West
Barnwell Ward : George Livettl99; Charles Asby 194; Thomas
Ratnett 74.— Market Ward : Charles Edward Brown 170; William
Mitchell 167; Henry Smith 119 ; JohnWorseldine I18.-Trinity Ward :
William Swann, jun. 203 ; Charles Balls 201 ; William Ekin 180 ;
John Glasscock 165; Robert Hay lock (druggist) 5. — St. Andrew's
Ward: William Warwicker 159; Edmund Favell 158; Joseph Deacon
Fetch 53 ; William Jeary Cannon 53.

At the election of a Councillor for Market Ward (in the room of
Charles Edward Brown elected Alderman) on the 22nd of Novem-
ber, the votes were James William Baxter 152 ; Henry Smith 82 ;
Thomas Hallack 3.

At the election of a Councillor for West Barnwell Ward (in
the room of Thomas Rooke, deceased) on the 15th of December,
the votes were Henry Smith 226 ; Thomas Ratnett 155.

In this and the preceding year, the church of the Holy Sepul-
chre was repaired and restored under the superintendence of the
Cambridge Camden Society, from the designs of Anthony
Sdlvin, Esq., architect. The belfry story was removed, the origi-
nal portion of the tower surmounted by a conical roof, the
semicircular Norman windows were restored and filled with stained
glass, and the pews and gallery were removed. The church was
paved throughout with encaustic tiles, a new south aisle was
erected, the groining of the nave and the circular aisle was
restored and a window of stained glass was inserted at the
eastern end. Open oak seats were placed in the chancel and its
aisles. A new oak pulpit and a highly carved font cover were
provided, and a stone altar and credence table erected. A suit
arose as to the legality of these latter appendages, (U and pending
this suit the church remained closed. Indeed it was not re-opened
till the 10th of August 1845,(2) by which time the stone altar
and credence table had been removed and a carved communion-
table substituted for the stone altar. The expense of the resto-
ration and improvements was above £4000. the greater part being
raised by subscription.

(1) See under 1845.

(2) Sermons were preached on the occasion, by Dr. Graham, master of Christ's
College, (now Bishop of Chester), and the Rev. Professor Scholefield.

18M] VICTORIA. 667

1844.
On the 3rd of February, a large meeting of landholders and
farmers of the county was held at the Red Lion Inn, in order
to oppose the Anti-Corn-Law League. Resolutions having this
object, were proposed and supported by Mr. Edward Ball, of
Burwell, Mr. James Witt, of Denny Abbey, H. J. Adeane, Esq.,
E. Hicks, Esq., William Layton, Esq., Mr. S. Jonas, Dr. Hall, of
Fulbourn, Mr. Johnson, the Earl of Hardwicke, Hon. E. T. Yorke,
M.P., Rev. F. H. Maberly, and Mr. Page Howard. A subscrip-
tion was also opened, the Earl of Hardwicke gave £100. and Mr.
Yorke. Mr. Adeane, Thomas Mortlock, Esq., Colonel Pemberton,
and Christopher Pemberton, Esq. £50 each.(i)

On the 7th of February, a Grace passed, accepting the proposal
of John Barnes, Esq., of the Middle Temple, for founding with
£2000. £3. per cent consols, (after the death of his sister Ann
Barnes), a University Scholarship, to be called after and in memory
of his late brother, Thomas Barnes, M.A., of Pembroke Hall, many
years editor of the Times newspaper.

On the 13th of February, the Borough Court of Pleas, gave
judgment on a claim of conusance by the Vicechancellor, of an
action of replevin there depending by John Brown against the Rev.
James Hildyard, M.A., the Senior Proctor. The claim was disal-
lowed, on the ground that it had not been entered on the roll.

On the 24th of February, the Queen approved of a revised code
of statutes for Trinity College.

In February, the Senate voted petitions to both Houses of
Parliament, for repeal of the enactment uniting the Sees of St.
Asaph and Bangor.

On the 18th of May, the Vicechancellor and twelve other
Heads of Colleges, published the subjoined notice : —

Whereas it is expedient, as well for protecting Persons in Statu Pupillari
against Impositions or vexatious Proceedings at Law, as for securing the
regular and prompt payment of all just and lawful Debts contracted by them»
that the expenses incurred by such persons should be brought, as far as is
practicable, under the inspection and control of the Tutors of their respective
Colleges. And whereas some cases have recently occurred , wherein inhabitants
of the Town have instituted legal Proceedings against Persons in Statu Pupillari
for the recovery of Debts, without having given any previous Notice of their
claims or intentions to the Tutors of the Colleges of which such Persons were
Members :

(I) At or about this time, an Anti-CornLaw association uas formed in tlie town,
and lectures on free trade ^ve^e delivered here by H. S. Foster, Esq., president of
the association, and Mr. Falvey one of the lecturers employed by the League.

668 VIOTORIA. [1844

We, the Vice Chancellor and Heads of Colleges, whose names are under-
written, do hereby give Notice, that if in future any Inhabitant of the Town,
engaged in any Trade or Profession, shall institute any legal proceedings for
the recovery of a Debt due to him from any Person in Statu Pupillari(U
without first giving reasonable Notice of his claims to the Tutor of such Person ;
he shall be punished by Discommuning or otherwise, as to the Vice-Chancellor
and Heads of Colleges shall seem fit.

W, Hodgson, Vice-Chancellar. Geo. Archdall.

G. Thackerai. R. Tatham.

William Webb. B. Chapman.

W. French. Robt. Phelps.

J. Lamb. W. Whewell.

Gilbert Ainslie, Joshua King.

John Graham.
St. Peter's College Lodge, ?Iay 18, 1844.

On the 23rd of May, Mr. W. D. Christie moved in the House
of Commons an Address to the Queen, to issue a commission, to
inquire into all matters relating to the statutes, revenues, trusts,
privileges, and general condition as regards learning and religion, of
the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, and the Colleges and
Halls in those Universities. Whilst proceeding with his address in
support of his motion, the house was counted out and adjourned.(2)
Ou the 27th of May, the Council ordered that from and after
the 27th of June, the Haymarket theretofore held in the public
road near Honey Hill, should be removed to the Cattle Market in
the parish of St. Giles.

At an election of a Councillor for St. Andrew's Ward (in the
room of Edward Favell, elected an Alderman), held on the 4th of
June, the votes were, Henry Richard Wiseman 199; Joseph Dea-
con Fetch 178.

Frederick Augustus, King of Saxony, visited the University on
the 20th of June, He was entertained at Trinity College by the
Master, and during his stay in Cambridge, visited St. John's, King's
and St. Peter's Colleges, the University Library, the Observatory,
&c. The following account of His Majesty's visit was soon after-
wards published by Dr. C. G. Carus.

June 20.
It had become a very cheerful and beautiful evening, as we drove through the
green pleasure grounds around the city, and entered Cambridge, in which
there was a delightful feeling of the quiet of a town of 20,000 inhabitants,
after all the hurry and noise of the streets of London. A still spirit of
silence seems to breathe around.

(1) On tlie 29th February, 1843, a hair-dresser, carrying' on business in Cambridge, was
discommuncd fur a month, for suing, without previous notice to the college tutor, a
Bachelor of Arts, of Trinity College, who had left Cambridge and was residing in Yorkshire.

(2) Hansard, Parliamentary Debates, third series, Ixxiv. 1459, H65— 14(38.

1844] VICTORIA. 669

Immediately on driving into the town, we passed tlie New Museum of
Arts, built in the Grecian temple style, but not yet quite finished. This build-
ing owes its origin to a legacy left for the purpose by the late Earl Fitzwilliam,
who bequeathed a sum of £100,000. for its erection. Several of the old colleges
next presented their gray walls, crowned with turrets and ornamented Gothic
panels— the slender Gothic church of St. Mary's was seen ; and through the
quiet streets, illumined by the evening sun, we drove into the first and lichest
of the colleges, Trinity, in which, since the days of Queen Elizabeth, it has
been the custom for monarchs, as they journey, to sojourn. Our host was Dr.
Whewell, the present master.

Almost without any time for preparation, we followed our hospitable host,
in order to obtain the clearest possible idea of the buildings and arrange-
ments of this remarkable and celebrated old University. The spacious court
of Trinity College, with its yellowish stone colour and lofty old Gothic archi-
tecture, produces a splendid effect. It was first founded in 1546, by Henry
VIII. (Cambridge, in general, is so old, as to have been destroyed as early
as the ninth century by the Danes.) The college contains about four hundred
students. The gate, especially, is in beautiful style— lofty, castellated, and
ornamented with towers crowned with pinnacles ; it harmonises admirably
with the adjoining buildings, which are very little lower. An ornamented
Gothic fountain, in the open space within, has the very best effect.

The arrangement of these colleges is, moreover, very peculiar ; there are
not less than seventeen of them, of which the oldest, St. Peter's, was
founded as early as 1257. From 1700 to 1800 students, in all, reside within
their walls ; but each college has its own foundations, is regulated according
to its own laws, and, by means of its teachers, called fellows, gives instruc-
tion to its own students in the ancient languages, mathematics, and thelogical
morals, whilst the whole of the students are, in common, at liberty to attend,
and do attend, the lectures of the University professors in the various facul-
ties, according to their particular objects of study or professional views. The
time of our visit was out of term, and but few students were in college ,
They all wear black gowns and caps, the fellows and masters a long black
robe (almost like our clergy), and black cap, which has a broad, flat square
top. It is said that no small jealousy and rivalry exist among the various
colleges; and I myself heard one of the fellows compare the state of feeling
between Trinity and St. John's, to that between Athens and Sparta. We
visited the gardens behind Trinity, and found the clear and broad waters of
the Cam, which runs into the Ouse, and thus connects Cambridge with the
sea. In these waters the students enjoy the most splendid opportunities of
boating and rowing, which is seized upon with avidity, and the young men
become adepts in the art. We next returned to the college buildings, in
order to see the hall and the library. This college is proud ot having ranked
Newton amongst its fellows; a marble statute and a portrait of the great
philosopher adorn the hall, and reiiques of various descriptions are contained
in the library. A portion of his hair, some manuscripts and instruments
belonging to him, were shewn to us ; and among, the last mentioned, the
earliest and imperfect form of his "Refractor." Among the MSS. were
letters from foreign men of learning ; and among the rest, a letter from
Voltaire, written in very correct English. The college is not less proud of
Bacon of Verulam, whose portrait hangs beside that of Newton. In addition
to these pre-eminent names, Ray, the naturalist, Drydcn, Barrow, and other

670 VICTORIA, [1844

celebrated men of literature and learning, were formerly students, and Richard
Bentley, master of the college. The present master. Dr. Whewell, is a man
of solid learning, and among other languages so well versed in German, as to
give to his countrymen a flowing translation of " Hermann and Dorothea,"
without being deterred by the difficulties of English hexameters. From want
of time, it was impossible to devote attention to any more of the numerous
curiosities which the library contains, than these already mentioned. There
is here a copy of the Gospel, which is, undoubtedly, very valuable in the
history of the arts ; it contains a number of pictures in the Byzantine mosaic
style, and is supposed, by Waagen, to be of the date of the eighth century.
Some MSS. of Milton were also shewn us, consisting of letters and other
papers ; but the most interesting of all was the first plan of his " Paradise
Lost," sketched in the form of a drama. The evening, however, was advanc-
ing, and it was time to dress for dinner.

After our numerous state dinners in London, our comparatively quiet repast
in the society of men of learning and a few highly educated ladies was a
true refreshment. The master had invited several fellows, Dr. Paget, a
physician, and Dr. Clark, professor of anatomy. The conversation was lively,
and the order of the entertainment itself had in it something original. The
system of carving at the table, usual in all English houses, I first saw
here regularly piactised ; a number of dishes are put upon the table at
the same time, and every person carves the dish immediately placed before
him and helps the other guests. At the conclusion of the various courses
of which the dinner was composed, a large silver bowl, filled with rose
water, in which was placed a silver spoon, was set upon the table, and
sent round, in order that each might take a portion upon a small plate,
to dip his napkin in for the purpose of refreshing the face and hands ;
this custom had something to me quiet oriental in its observance. After
this, the cloth was removed ; a silver tree-shaped service was placed in
the centre of the polished table, laden with small dishes filled with con-
fectionary and preserves. In addition to this, there were dishes of fruits
both dry and fresh, and a great variety of cakes and ornamental sugar
work. Among the cakes, a portion of bride-cake was particularly pointed
out. This cake was a part of that which had been made after the wedding
of the master with his very polite and agreeable lady, and was, as such
cakes in general are, rich, dry, and highly baked. They are often partly
preserved for years, brought forward on great festive occasions, and eaten
in small portions. The ladies having now retired, and the master having
taken the seat of the lady of the house next his majesty the king, a
small silver waggon, vvith cut decanters filled with port and sherry, was
put in circulation on the smooth table, always from right to left, so as to
allow every one to help himself according to his pleasure. Finally, the
gentlemen too, rose from the table, followed the ladies into the drawing-
room, found a sideboard with tea and coffee in an adjoining room, and thus
a genuine English dinner was completed.

As I have already said, I felt a particular pleasure in again finding myself
in the company of men of learning alone, and especially, as I found, that I
myself was already well known here through my works. My "Physiology"
and " Comparative Anatomy " had not only been studied by the medical pro-
fessors, but it furnished me, at the same time, with an opportunity of con-
versing upon other important phenomena in our literature with Mr, Worsley,

1814] VICTORIA. 671

a lively young man and Fellow of Trinity. He had read, for example, and
highly valued, Tieck's " Vittoria Accorombona." Moreover, just whilst I was
engaged in a lively discussion with Drs, Paget and Clark upon the nervous
system, a second Carus was introduced. He was a theologian— also a Fellow
— and had been in college already seventeen years. On this occasion, I learned
tha^ several families of the name are to be met with in the north of England.
Some curiosity was expressed to hear how I pronounced the name, which
proved to be very different from the English usage. It is probable these, too,
are descended from Roman stock; but which of us can lay claim to descent
from the Emperor Carus, it would be difficult to discover; it would, perhaps,
be easier for me to establish a connexion with Titus Lucretius Carus, the
poet of nature. We did not separate till a late hour.

June 21.

We lingered till after midday in Cambridge, and I have there learned and
seen much, which seems to me indicative of the commencement of a new and
fresh impulse in this otherwise antiquated university. Of means of study,
there is no deficiency; the quiet of the place, the non- permission of theatres,
and the non-existence of manufactories and trade, are all favourable to the
undisturbed pursuit of knowledge. May the free spirit of knowledge more
and more throw off those chains, in which Puritanic theology has so strictly
bound almost everything in England !

I was present at a characteristic scene in the house of the Master of Tri-
nity, at the customary early morning service before breakfast. It is the
custom for the whole household to assemble ; the servants come in and seat
themselves upon a row of seats near the windows. The master of the house-
hold takes his seat at a small table, with the Bible and Prayer-book before
him, reads a prayer, and then some chapters from the Bible; next, whilst all
kneel, he reads a long, long litany, which in almost the whole of its parts
corresponds with that of the Catholic Church. The service finished, all rise,
the servants depart, and then comes the breakfast, which in England, as is
well known, is a very rich and multifarious affair. As for myself, the custom
was interesting for once ; as a question of daily use, it must become tedious
and ineffective, and presumes much time to spare.

After breakfast, Dr. Whewell conducted the king and us to St. John's CoU
lege, which contains about three hundred students, and has been very recently
rebuilt. A portion of the buildings lie on the further side of the Cam, and
a covered bridge, constructed so as closely to resemble a Gothic corridor with
glass windows, connects the two buildings.

We next proceeded to the large university library, which contains 170,000
volumes, and a great many curious works ; among others, the first book pub-
lished in England, in the year 1462, an important MS, codex of the New
Testament, the poems of Hayfiz, very ornamentally written in minute charac-
ters, and merely as the filling up of the person's name to whom the copy is
dedicated, and several things nf a similar kind

From thence we went to visit King's College, founded by Henry "VI., as early
as 1441, and especially for the reception of the Eton scholars. Its slender,
lofty chapel (St. Mary's Church), is regarded as one of the finest Gothic
buildings in England. The style differs completely from the German Gothic
architecture. It belongs to the commencement of the sixteenth century, and
by the rich interior decorations of its stone roof, reminds the spectator of
Henry VII. 's Chapel in Westminster. In my youth I had once made a

672 VICTORIA. [18M

drawing of this church after a copper-plate engraving, and longed anxiously
to see the original. Now it was before me, slender, lofty, and light. As
we entered the organ was played, and a very happy effect was produced
by the sunlight subdued by the lofty stained-glass windows. Thus it is
that many of our expectations in life are fulfilled with a surprising rich-
ness, whilst many others, not less or still more eagerly desired, are destined
never to be realised. By means of a winding staircase in one of the towers,
we ascended to the top of the singularly constructed roof. Notwithstanding
the low pitch of the roof, it is, nevertheless, very strong, and like that of the
Cathedral of Milan, may be ascended by steps to the ridge. In the bright sun-
light and clear sky the view over the town, with its numerous gothic buildings,
gardens, and the agreeable country round, was very beautiful ; the stone dome
beneath us— the blue firmament — the immense dome above us, and the richness
around, produced upon my mind a more solemn impression than the litany of
this morning.

Not far from the church is the Mineralogical and Geological collection
of the University, neither is very large ; the latter, however, contains some
very interesting specimens, among the rest a large fossil deer, an admirably
preserved Plesiosaurus, above 9 feet long : and what for the first time I had
seen in such perfect form, several specimens of spirifeise, fossil shells, first
described by Buckland, which between their valves contain a kind of skeleton
or detached spiral, whose physiological value has not been yet clearly de-
termined.

We next examined the botanical garden, which appears as indiff"erently sup-
plied as the museum of comparative and pathological anatomy. As, however,
I happened to have time to remain here a little longer than in other depart-
ments, I discovered one among the pathological preparations, whose importance
had hitherto escaped Dr. Clark himself(l). This collection also contains some
verj interesting skulls of savages, of which the curator presented me with one
belonging to a New Zealander, which as an anatomical vade mecum was
henceforth to be my carriage companion during the rest of our excursions.

I now went to St. Peter's, whither his majesty also came, after having, in
the meantime, visited the observatory ; and after partaking of a rich luncheon
in this college, the carriages drove up, and we were soon again en route(2).

On the 4th of July, the royal assent was given to an Act,
to enable the Eastern Counties' Railway Company to make a
Railway from the Northern and Eastern Railway at Newport by
Cambridge to Ely, and from thence eastward to Brandon, and
westward to Peterborough.(3) This act contains the subjoined clauses.

And be it enacted, That the Vice Chancellor, the Proctors, and Pro-
Proctors for the Time being of the University of Cambridge, with or without

(1) This was a case of Graviditas literal ubaria. of whose remarkable conditions, and
transition to Graviditas interslitialis, English physicians appear hitherto to have little or
no knowledge.

(2) The King of Saxony's Journey through England and Scotland, in the year 1844. By
Dr. C. G. Cams, Physician to his Majesty the King of Saxony, and Privy Counsellor of the
Medical Department. Translated by S. C. Davidson, B.A., Dr. Ph., &c. (London. 8vo.
1846.) pp. 150-155.

(3) Eesolutions in favour of this Railway, were passed tmanimously at a County
Meeting held at Ely, on the .SOth January. 1844. Amongst the proposers and supporters of
the resolutions were, Wm. Layton, Esq. Dr. Peacock, Dean of Ely, John Frver, Esq. Henry
Lawrence, Esq. Rev. Dr. Webb Master of Clare Hall, and others.

1844] VICTORIA. ^73

their Servants, and the Heads and 'I'ufors of Colleges and Halls, and the
Marshal and the Yeoman Bedel of the said University, or other Person or Persons,
provided such other Person or Persons shall have been deputed by Writing under
the Hand of the Vice Chancellor of the said University for the Time being, or of
the Head or Governor, or in his Absence the Vicegerent of any College or Hall
in the said University, shall, at or about the Times of Trains of Carriages upon
the said Railway starting or arriving, and at all reasonable Times have free
Access to every Depot or Station for the Reception of Passengers proceeding
by the Trains upon the said Railway, and to every Part thereof, and to every
Booking Office, Ticket Office, or other Office or Place for Passengers upon
the said Railway wheresoever such Office or Place shall be, and shall then and
there be entitled to demand and take and have, without any unreasonable delay,
from the proper Officer or Servant of the Company, such Information as it may
be in the Power of any Officer or Servant of the Company to give, with reference
to any Passenger or Person having passed or applying to pass on the said
Railway, or otherwise coming to or being in or upon the said Depot or Station or
Place, who shall be a Member of the said University or suspected of being
such ; and in case the said Company, or their Officers or Servants, or any of
them, shall not permit such free Access to the said Depots or Stations as
aforesaid, or shall not furnish such Information as herein-before mentioned,
the said Officer or Servant of the said Company shall for each Default forfeit
a Sum not exceeding Five Pounds,

And be it enacted, That if the said Vice Chancellor, or Proctors, or Pro-
Proctors for the time being, of the said University, or Heads or Tutors of
Colleges and Halls of the said University, or any of them, or any other Person
or Persons deputed as aforesaid, shall at any Time or Times previous to the
starting of any Train of Carriages upon the said Railway, notify to the proper
Officer, Book-keeper, or Servant of the said Company, that any Person or Per -
sons about to travel in or upon the said Railway is a Member of the University
not having taken the Degree of Master of Arts or Bachelor in Civil Law or
Medicine, and shall identify such Member to such proper Officer, Book-keeper,
or Servant of the Company at the Time of giving such Notice, and require
such Officer, Book-keeper, or Servant, to decline to take such Member of the
University as a Passenger upon the said Railway, the proper Officer, Book-
keeper, or Servant of the said Company shall immediately thereupon, and for
the space of Twenty-four Hours after such Notice, Identification, and Re-
quirement, refuse to convey such Member of the said University in or upon
the said Railway, and which he is hereby authorized to do, notwithstanding
such Member may have paid his Fare ; and in case such Member of the said
University shall be knowingly and wilfully allowed to be conveyed thereon
after such Notice, within the Time aforesaid, the Company shall for each Pas-
senger so conveyed forfeit a sum not exceeding Five Pounds : Provided
ALWAYS, That no Member of the University represented as such to the said
Company, or any of their Officers or Servants, by the said Vice Chancellor,
Proctors, Pro-Proctors, Heads or Tutors of Colleges and Halls, ov other Per-
son or Persons deputed as aforesaid, or any of them, who shall be refused to
be carried by the said Company, or by any of their Officers or Servants, shall
on that account be entitled to claim or recover any Damage or Compensation
from the said Company, or such Officers, Book-keepers or Servants, provided
that in case such member shall have paid his Fare the same shall have been
tendered or returned to him.

VOL. IV. 4 p

674 VICTORIA. 118U

And be it enacted, That it shall not be lawful for the said Company to
take up or set down any Person or Persons who shall be known to the Com-
pany or their Officers as Members of the University, but not having taken the
Degree of Master of Arts or Bachelor in Civil Law or Medicine, on any Part
of the said Railway, except at the regular appointed Stations of the Line ; and
in case the said Company shall take up or set down any such Person or Per-
sons, except at such regular appointed Stations of the Line, they shall forfeit
a Sum not exceeding Five Pounds for each Person so taken up or set down.

And be it enacted, That it shall not be lawful for the said Company to
take up or set down any Passenger or Passengers at the Cambridge Railway-
Station, or at any Place within Three Miles of the same, between the
Hours of Ten in the Morning and Five in the Afternoon on any Sunday,
unless it should happen that any Train usually arriving at or departing from
the said Station at or before the said Hour of Ten in the Morning has been
delayed by some unavoidable Accident ; and that for every person so taken up
or set down the said Company shall forfeit a Sum not exceeding the sum of
Five Pounds, to be recoverable and levied by summary Conviction and Distress
and Sale before any Justice of the Peace for the County of Cambridge not
holding any Office in the said University, and that such Justice of the Peace
shall have Jurisdiction whether the said Person or Persons or any of them
shall have been taken up or set down within the Borough of Cambridge, or
the Precincts of the said University, or at any Place within the said County,
the said Forfeiture or Penalty to be paid and applied to and for the benefit
and use of Addenbrooke's Hospital, or other County Charity that may in lieu
thereof be hereafter from time to time declared for the Purpose under the Seal
of the said University ; and that the said Conviction may be in the form
specified in the Schedule (D.) to this Act annexed ; and that Service of any
Information, Summons, or other legal Document upon any Clerk, Officer, or
other Agent of the said Company, at any Station of the said Company within
the said County or Borough of Cambridge, shall be sufficient service on the
said Company,

And be it enacted, That nothing herein contained shall in any manner
alienate, prejudice, alter, interfere with, or impede the Exercise, of any of the
Rights, Privileges, or Authorities whatsoever, of the said University, or of any
of the Officers, Ministers, or Servants thereto belonging.

The Act also contains clauses giving controul to the oflBcers of
the University as to the appointment of special constables during
the construction of the railway, for protecting the springs and
watercourses which supply the University and Town with water,
saving the rights of the conservators of the river Cam, providing
as to the construction of the bridge to carry the railway over
that river, and imposing penalties for obstructing the navigation
thereof.(i)

St. Paul's church was consecrated by Dr. Allen, bishop of Ely,
on the 15th of October.

(1) Stat. 7 & 8 Vict. cap. Ixii. (local and personal) 9s : 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, ISd,
190, 191, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, & 205.

1845] VICTORIA. 675

At the annual election of two Councillors for each ward on the
1st of November, two of the wards were contested, the votes being
as follow:— East Barnwell Ward : Henry Staples Foster 217; Henry
Hazard 202; Robert Headly 173; Thomas Hallack 3.— St. Andrew's
Ward: David Matthew 144; Henry Francis Rowe 144; Thomas
Hallack 34 ; Robert Barrett 32.

At the election of Mayor on the 9th of November, the votes "
were for William Bishop Alderman 19; for William Jardine Purchas
Councillor 13.

On the 27th of November, the Senate accepted a proposal made
by the friends of Lieut. Gen. Sir Preregrine Maitland, K.C.B., late
Commander-in-Chief of the forces in South India, to appropriate
£1600. for the establishment of a triennial prize for the best English
Essay on some subject connected with the propagation of the Gospel,
through Missionary exertions, in India and other parts of the heathen
world.

At the County Sessions held by adjournment on the 27th of De-
cember, the court took into consideration the propriety of establishing
a County Police Force, a measure which was advocated by George
Jenyns, Esq., Thomas Barnard, Esq., Francis Dayrell, Esq., Alexander
Cotton, Esq., Thomas St. Quintin, jun. Esq., Rev. John Graham, of
Hiuxton, Rev. William Acton, and Sir St. Vincent Cotton, Bart, and
opposed by the Earl of Hardwicke, Lord Godolphin, John Peter
Allix, Esq., M.P., Henry John Adeane, Esq., Sir Charles Wale, and
Edward Hicks, Esq. On a division 14 magistrates voted for, and
18 against, the establishment of a police force.

1845.
On the 31st of January, Sir Herbert Jenner Fust, LL.D., the
Judge of the Arches Court of Canterbury, pronounced judgment in
an appeal by the Rev. R. R. Faulkner, B.D., incumbent of the
church of the Holy Sepulchre, against Edward Lichfield, and Thomas
Steam, the churchwardens, who had obtained from the Episcopal
Consistorial Court of Ely,(0 a faculty sanctioning certain repairs
and restorations in that church, and amongst them the erection of
a stone altar and credence table.(2) The learned Judge reversed the
decision of the Court below with costs, he being of opinion that
the stone altar was not a communion table within the meaning of
the laws, canons, and constitutions ecclesiastical of the realm, and

(1) Tha case was heard before the Rev. J. H. Spaike, Chancellor of the Diocese of
Ely, in the Hall of Trinity Hall, 25th July, 1844.

(2) Vide ante p. 666.

676 VICTORIA. [1S45

that those laws did not authorize the erection of a credence table.!")

On the 7th of March, the Senate voted petitions to both Houses
of Parliament for the repeal of the enactment uniting the sees of
St. Asaph and Bangor,

In consequence of the continuance of inclement weather, a general
subscription for the relief of the poor was entered into on the 19th
of March.

On the 10th of April, Mr. Christie moved the House of Commons
that an address be presented to the Queen to appoint a Commission
to inquire into and report upon all matters relating to the privileges,
revenues, trusts, and to the state of education, learning, and religion,
in the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, and the Colleges of
those Universities. This motion was seconded by Mr. Ewart, sup-
ported by Mr. Wyse, Mr. Hume, and Viscount Palmerston ; and
opposed by Sir Robert Harry Inglis, Mr. A. B. Hope, and Mr.
Goulburn Chancellor of the Exchequer. On a division the motion
was rejected: Ayes 82; Noes 143(2).

On the 17th of April, came on the election of Librarian of the
University, in the room of the Rev. John Lodge, M.x\., who had
resigned that office(3). The candidates were, the Rev. Joseph Power,
M.A., Fellow of Clare Hall, and sometime Fellow and Tutor of Trinity
Hall, who polled 312 votes ; and the Rev. John James Smith, M.A.,
Fellow and Tutor of Gonville and Caius College, who polled 240
votes .

A Bill for making a Railway from Cam.bridge to Lincoln (4) was

(1) Jurist ix. 234.

(2) Hansard, Parliamentary Debates, third series, Ixxix. 393—454.

(S) The offices of Principal Librarian, and Librarian, which had both been held by
Mr. Lod^e, were consolidated by grace 2nd April, 1843.

(i) This railway would have been 83 miles in length, and was to have passed through
or near St. Ives, Ramsey, Peterborough, Market Deeping, Bourne, Folking-ham, and
Ileckingtou, bi-anches were contemplated from Spalding- to Stamford, and from Boston
to Newark.

The railway now approaching completion, called the Great Northern Railway (formerly
the London and York), was originally designed to pioceed from Cambridge by way of
Lincoln to York, but another course (via Hitchin and Huntingdon) being determined
upon, a public meeting of the inhabitants of Cambridge (convened by the Mayor), was
held at the Guildhall on the 9th of May, 1844, when it was resolved that it was highly
desirable for the interests of the Town and University of Cambridge, that any railway
from London to York should pass through Cambridge. Shortly afterwards the railway
from Cambridge to Lincoln Avas projected. On the 17th of October, 1844, the Council
vot»;d petitions to both Houses of Parliament in favour of this railway. On the 27th of
October, 1844, a public meeting of the inhabitants of Cambridge, was held at the Guild-
hall, R. ^I- Fawcett, Esq , Mayor, in the chair. At this meetins resohitions in favour
of the Cambridge and Lincoln line were adopted. These resolutions were proposed and
seconded by Julian SKrine, Esq., Rev. Thomas Smart Hughes, George Pryme, Esq.,
Alexander Cotton, Esq., Henry John Adeane, Esq , Hon. George Wentworth Fitzwilliam,
George Game Day, Esq., Alderman Newby, Rev. John Graham. Rev. Henry Avlett,
Mr. George Livett, Mr. Wm. Ekin, H. Bar'nett. Esq., and Sir St. Vincent Cotton, Bart.
In January, \tiio, a memorial to the Board of Trade in favour of the Cambridge and
Lincoln Railway was signed by the Vicecliancellor, nine Heads of Houses, seven Pro-
fessors, 91 Fellows and Tutors of Colleges, and other members of the Senate, ia all

1845] VICTORIA. ^77

introduced into the House of Commons this year, but was rejected
in Committee. A bill for a railway from Bury St. Edmund's to
Cambridge was also introduced this year, but was rejected in the
House of Lords.

The British Association for the Advancement of Science held its
fifteenth session at Cambridge, from the 18th to the 25th of June. Sir
John Herschel was president. The general meetings were held in
the Senate House, and the Guildhall was used as the Reception Room
of the association.

Fitzroy Kelly, Esq. having vacated his seat in parliament for the
town, by accepting the office of Solicitor General, ofifered himself
for re-election ; but was opposed by Robert Alexander Shafto Adair,
Esq.(i) At the close of the poll, taken on the 15th of July, the votes
were, Kelly, 746; Adair, 729.

On the 29th of July, the Eastern Counties Railway, from Bishop's
Stortford(3), by Newport, Cambridge, and Ely(4), to Brandon, was
opened simultaneously with the Norfolk Railway, from Brandon to
Norwich. The Directors of the Eastern Counties and Norfolk Com-
panies entertained nearly 500 gentlemen with a sumptuous dinner
at Cambridge. The workmen employed on the line were also
feasted on the occasion, which was celebrated with much rejoicing.
On the following day, both railways were opened for general pas-
senger traffic.

On the 8th of August, the Eastern Counties Railway Company
obtained an act enabling them to make a railway from Cambridge
to Huntingdon(-i).

At the annual election of two Councillors for each Ward, on the
1st of November, there were contests in two of them. In East
Barnwell Ward the votes were declared to be, Thomas Thurston 105 ;
John Hall 64; Robert Headly 64; whereupon the Alderman and

above 130. On the 20th of March, 1815, the railway department of the Board of Trade,
reported in favour of the Cambridg'e and Lincoln Railway, and of a continuation from
Lincoln to York (by a portion of the projected line known as the Direct Northern
Railway). The project of a railway from Cambridge to Lincoln, was renewed in l{J46, by
ihe Eastern Counties Company, but a committee of the House of Lords decided against
that project, and in favour of the London and York line, now denominated the Great
Northern Railway.

(1) Mr. Adair unsuccessfully contested East Suffolk at the general election in 1841,
(the votes being Lord Henniker 3279; Sir Charles Kroke Vere 317S; Adair 1787). He
was returned for the town of Cambridge at the general election in 1847.

(2) The line from Shoreditch to Bishop's Stortford was opened as follows : from Shore-
ditch to Broxbourne, 15th of September, 1810, from Broxbourne to HarloAV, 9th of August,
1841, from Harlow to Spelbrook, 22ud of November, 1811, from Spelbrook to Bishop's
Stortford, 16th of May, 1812.

(3) The line from Ely to Peterborough was opened for traflic, li)th of January, 1847.

(4) Stat. 8 & 9 Vict. cap. cci. (local and personal)

(378 VICTORIA. [1845

Assessors gave the casting vote in favour of Mr. Hall; but Mr.
Headly having moved the Court of Queen's Bench for an informa-
tion in the nature of a quo warranto against his opponent, the latter
disclaimed, and Mr. Headly took his seat. In Trinity Ward the votes
were, Joseph Wentworth 120; William Papworth 106; Robert Hay-
lock (druggist) 64.

At the election of Mayor, on the 10th of November, there were
27 votes for Joseph Jonathan Deighton Alderman ; and 3 for Charles
Edward Brown Alderman.

On the 19th of November, a public meeting, (convened and
presided over by the Mayor) was held at the Guildhall, to take
into consideration the numerous railway projects in connexion with
Cambridge(i). A committee was appointed to communicate with
the promoters, and especially to consider the practicability of obtaining
a Central Railway Station in Cambridge. The resolutions were
proposed and seconded by Alderman Fawcett, Patrick Beales, Esq.,
Ebenezer Foster, Esq., Rev. Henry Arlett, Mr. C. H. Cooper, Mr.
George Livett, Alderman Bishop, Henry Ranee, Esq., Henry Heming-
ton Harris, Esq., Mr. Henry Marshall, George Hudson, Esq., and
Francis Pym, Esq. The committee had several meetings, and made
a report(2), but most of the projected lines were abandoned, or
rejected by Parliament, and it was soon found impracticable to obtain
any other railway station than that of the Eastern Counties, near
the Hill's Road.

On the 30th of November, died Richard Burney, Esq., M.A. of
Christ's College. On the day preceding the Vicechancellor had
received (through his brother, Archdeacon Burney) an offer of £3500.
£3. per cent stock, for the establishment of an annual prize for the
best Essay, by a Bachelor of Arts in his first year. His sister and
executrix, Miss J. Caroline Burney, renewed the offer, and the
Senate accepted the same, subject to certain regulations, which

(1) The principal projects were

1 Eastern Counties Extension from Cambridge to Lincoln, [Vide ante. p. 676.]

2 Cambridge and Oxford Railway, [see under 1846.]

3 Newmarket and Chesterford Railway with branch to Cambridge, [see under

1846.]

4 Midland and Eastern Counties Railway (Cambridge by St. Neots, and Nor-

thampton to Worcester).

5 Northampton, Bedford, and Cambridge Railway.

6 Bedford and Cambridge Railway.

7 Eastern Union Extension from Bury St. Edmund's to Cambridge.

8 Tring, Cambridge, and Newmarket Railway.

9 Harwich Docks, and Cambridge and Harwich Railway.

10 Cambridge and Colchester Railway.

11 Lincolnshire and Eastern Counties Junction Railway (Cambridge to Hull).

(2) Read at a public meeting of the inhabitants, held 23rd of January, 1846.

1846J VICTORIA. 679

prescribe that the essay shall be in English, on some moral or
metaphysical subject, on the Existence, Nature, and Attributes of
God, or on the Truth and Evidence of the Christian Religion.

1846.

On the 10th of January, a meeting of owners and occupiers of
land in the county was held at the Red Lion. Resolutions
deprecating the repeal of the Corn Laws, were proposed and seconded
by H. J. Adeane, John Dobede, and Edward Hicks, Esqs., and Messrs.
J. A. Johnson, John Oslar, and James Witt, and carried. The meet-
ing was also addressed by the Hon. Elliot Thomas Yorke, M.P., J. P.
AUix, Esq., M.P., Mr. Edward Ball, of Burwell, Ebenezer Foster, Esq.,
Mr. T. S. Woodley, Thomas St. Quintin, jun. Esq., and Mr. Samuel
Jopas.

On the 27th of January, was established the Cambridge Royal
Albert Society, having for its object the providing an asylum for
its decayed subscribers.

On the 5th of February, the Council voted a petition to the Queen,
for extension of the jurisdiction of the Borough Court of Pleas to
the whole County of Cambridge.

On the 7th of February, a county meeting was held in front of
the Shire House at the Castle. It had been convened by John
Bonfoy Rooper, Esq., Sheriff, in compliance with a requisition, to
take into consideration the proposed measures of the Government
affecting agriculture, manufactures, and commerce. Mr. Rooper having
ceased to be Sheriff before the meeting was held, his successor, Sir
Charles Wager Watson, Bart, presided. The Hon. Elliot Thomas
Yorke, M.P, proposed a resolution, " that Free Trade is incompatible
with the present state of England as compared with other nations."
This being seconded by Thomas St. Quintin, jun. Esq., was declared
to be carried by a majority. John Peter Allix, Esq., M.P. proposed,
and George Game Day, Esq., of St. Ives, seconded, a resolution,
importing that as under a system of protection the revenue had
increased, commerce flourished, and agriculture improved, the utmost
efforts should be used to continue that system. This was also carried
by a majority, amidst great clamour. Henry John Adeane Esq.
proposed a resolution condemnatory of the measure introduced into
the House of Commons by Sir Robert Peel, and pledging the meeting
to use all constitutional means to defeat the same. This was seconded
by the Rev. Henry Fardell, supported by John Fryer, Esq. and Mr.
Edward Ball of Burwell, and carried by a majority.

680 VICTORIA. [184G

On the night of the 21st of February, the iron foundry of Messrs.
James and Edward Headly, situate between the Market Hill and
Trinity Church Yard, was destroyed by fire. The adjacent property
was also slightly injured.

On the 6th of March, there was a collision between some members
of the University and the police, at the Town Hall, during the exibi-
bition of the American dwarf, Tom Thumb. This was followed on
the nights of the 7th and 9th of March by somewhat serious dis-
turbances between the gownsmen and the town in the Rose Crescent,
the Market Hill, the Petty Cury, and elsewhere, and many windows
were broken at Christ's, Emmanuel, Pembroke, and Sidney Colleges.
On the 10th of March, the Vicechancellor and 13 other Heads of
Colleges, issued a notice, warning persons in statu pupillari from
taking part in any disorderly proceedings, and the magistrates swore
in a number of special constables for the better preservation of the
peace of the town. John Freestone, a police constable, was dismissed
for his conduct during these disturbances, and at the ensuing Lent
Assizes, being indicted and convicted of an assault on Arthur Walsh, a
student of Trinity College, was sentenced to 14 days' imprisonment.

On the 11th of March, the Senate again voted petitions to both
Houses of Parliament, praying for repeal of the enactment uniting
the sees of St. Asaph and Bangor.

At the Lent Assizes,(i) were tried two actions brought by William
Herring Smith, lessee of the Commissioners of Paving, against the
Eastern Counties Railway Company, to recover large sums claimed
for tolls on carriages coming into and going out of the town on
the railway. Special verdicts were found in each case. The Com-
pany, before the trial of these actions, had made application to
Parliament for an Act to exempt them from the tolls in question.
This application was resisted by the Commissioners, their lessee,
and the Council.(2) Shortly after the above-mentioned trials a com-
promise was effected, the terms of which were embodied in an Act
which received the royal assent on the 9th of August. By this Act
the Company are exempted from tolls in respect of carriages, &c.,
coming into or going out of the town upon the railway, or any
railway to be thereafter formed by them, or which shall be purchased,
leased, or hired by them before the same has been opened for traffic.

(0 At these Assizes the inhabitants of the town were for the first time summoned
as Jurors.

(2) Resohitions condemnatory of the bill introduced into Parliament by the company,
were passed unanimously at a town meeting- convened by J. J. Deighton, Esq., Mayor,
and held at the Guildhall, on the 29th of April.

1846] VICTORIA. 681

The Company are to pay the Commissioners from the 1st of April,
1848, £1000. per annum, by equal quarterly payments. The Com-
pany were to pay the Lessee the costs of the above-mentioned
actions, and of certain other actions brought by him against them
in the Borough Court of Pleas, and also the sum of £4150. in
satisfaction of his claim and for compensation. A clause was in-
serted in the Act, for the recovery of certain penalties imposed by
the Paving Act of the 34th Geo. III.,(i) and it was enacted that in
all legal and other proceedings it should be sufficient to designate
that act, and the acts of the 28th and 34th Geo. III. as " the Cam-
bridge Improvement Acts."(^)

On the 11th of April, the Vicechancellor, and nine other Heads,
discommuned Spencer Luke Nightingale, a tailor and robe-maker,
residing in Chesterton (but having a shop in Sidney Street, Cam-
bridge), in consequence of his having sued a person in statu pupil-
lari without having given notice to his Tutor.(3)

On the 13th of May, the Seniite passed a Grace, accepting the
proposal of a gentleman in the Bengal Civil ServiceC*) (made through
the Bishop of Calcutta) to give £500. to a graduate of the university
for such a Treatise on the Evidences of Christianity as may, in
substance and form, be best suited for the conviction of Hindus
learned in their own philosophical systems, together with such a
refutation of Hinduism as may be necessary to establish the exclusive
claim and authority of Christianity, as an object of faith and rule
of life for the whole of mankind. Of this sum £100. was to be given
for a Dissertation preparatory to the above Treatise.(5)

A Bill for making a Railway from Cambridge to Oxford was intro-
duced into Parliament this year. It passed the Commons, but the
Lords sanctioned only so much of it as related to the distance between
Royston and Hitchin ; and the bill thus mutilated received the royal
assent on the 16th of July.(<>)

(1) This clause was rendered necessary by the decision of the Court of Queen's Bench
in the case of Ward v. Stevenson, reported in Carrow, Haraerton, and Allen's Sessions
Cases, i. 162.

(2) Stat. 9 & 10 Vict, cap, cccxlv. (local and personal).

(3) Vide ante p. 667,

(4) The Sug-gestions for the Preliminary Dissertation are signed J. M., and dated
Azimburgb, Bengal Presidency. Aug. 6th, 1845.

(5) The prize of £100. for the Preliminary Dissertation, was adjudged to the Rev.
Rowland Williams, M.A., Fellnw of King's College; and on the 9th of Februarv, 1848,
the Senate passed a grace authorizing the Vicechancellor to request Mr. Williams to
proceed with the composition of the entire Treatise.

(6) Stat. 9 & 10 Vict. cap. clxx. (local and personal). I'^nder an act passed in 1S47
the Royston and Hitchin Railway has been leased to the Great Northern Railway Com-
pany. In 1848. an act passed for extending the Royston and Hitchin Railway from
Royston to the Cambridge and Bedford Railway at Sheprcth.

VOL. IV. 4 Q

68^ VICTORIA. [1846

On, the 16th of July, the royal assent was given to "An Act
for making a Railway from Chesterford to Newmarket, with a branch
to Cambridge,"(i)

On the 1st of October, day mails were established from hence to
Bishop's Stortford, Saffron Walden, Ely, Brandon, Thetford, Attle-
borough, Wymondham, Norwich, and Great Yarmouth.

There were contests in two wards at the annual election of two
Councillors for each, on the 2nd of November. The votes were —
East Barnwell ward: Edmund Wells 147; Charles Wagstaflf 135;
William Crisp 40. — Trinity ward : Charles Balls 141; William Swann
136 ; David Bush Edwards 64 ; William Johnson 64.

At the election of Mayor, on the 9th of November, the votes were
for Charles Edward Brown Alderman, 19 ; for George Livett Coun-
cillor, 14.

On the 19th of November, was established the Cambridge Archi-
tectural Society, intended " to promote the study of ecclesiastical
architecture, arrangement, and decoration."

At the election of a fourth Library-keeper, on the 10th of December,
the votes were for John Smith 71 ; and for Edward Christopher
Traylen 61.

On the 16th of December, a general subscription was entered
into for the distressed poor during the more severe portion of the
"winter.

The three hundredth anniversary of the foundation of Trinity
College was celebrated on the 22nd of December, by a sumptuous
banquet in the College Hall. The Rev. William Whewell, D.D.
master, presided, and there were present Earl Fitzwilliam, the Earl
of Hardwicke, Dr. Blomfield bishop of London, Lords Godolphin,
Monteagle, Melgund, Norreys, Castlereagh, Teignmouth, and Alfred
Hervey, Justices Coltman and Williams, Mr. Baron Piatt, Right
Hon. Henry Goulburn, Right Hon. Thomas Babington Macaulay,
Hon. C. E. Law, M.P., Mr. Bancroft, the American minister, the
Deans of Canterbury and Ely, the Vicechancellor, the Mayor, several
Heads of Colleges, Professors, &c.(2)

(1) Stat. 9 & 10, Vict. cap. clxxii. In 1847. Acts passed authorising the extension of
this Railway to Bury St. Edmund's (with a branch to Ely) and to Thetford.

(2) On the same day the Society of Trinity College presented Mr. Charles Claydon,
the butler, with a massive silver tankard, in testimony of his long and faithful services,
and Mr. Edward Cranwell, the Library -keeper, with a handsome copy of the Holy Bible,
in two volumes.

1847J VICTORIA. 683

1847.
On the 11th of February, the subjoined notice was issued by the
Vicechancellor, and 15 other Heads of Colleges: —

St. Catharine's Hall Lodge, Feb. 11, 1847.
Whereas it is highly injurious to the good Order and Discipline of the
University that facilities should be afforded to persons in statu pupillari to
contract, without the knowledge of their Tutors, large debts or debts with a long
extension of credit: Notice is hereby given, That if any Vintner or Victualler
shall be proved before the Vice-Chancellor to have permitted, after the date
hereof, any person in statu pupillari to^contract a debt for Wine or Spirituous
Liquors exceeding the sura of Ten Pounds, without the knowledge and consent
of the Tutor of such person, he shall be deprived of his License.

Also, that every Vinter or Victualler, with whom any person in statu pu-
pillari shall hereafter contract any debt for Wine or Spirituous Liquors, shall be
required to send notice of the amount of the same at the end of each quarter
to the College Tutor of the person so indebted, on pain of deprivation of his
License, if he shall be proved to have neglected to comply with this regulation.
Notice is also hereby given, That every Tradesmen or Dealer, with whom
any person in statu pupillari shall hereafter contract a debt exceeding the sum
of Five Pounds, shall be required to send notice of the amount of the same at
the end of every quarter to the College Tutor of the person so indebted, on
pain of being punished by discommuning or otherwise, as to the VicerChancellor
and Heads of Colleges shall seem fit.

Also, that if any Vintner, Victualler, Tradesman, Dealer or other person
shall take from a person in statu pupillari, without the knowledge and consent
of his College Tutor, a Promissory Note, he shall for so doing be punished by
deprivation of his License, by Discommuning, or otherwise as to the Vice-
Chancellor and Heads of Colleges shall seem fit.

II. Philpott, Vice-Chancellor. John GkahAm.

Herbert Jenner Fust. Geo, Archdall.

G. Neville Grenville, R. Tatham.

G. Thackeray. W. Hodgson.

William Webb. B. Chapman.

W. French. Rob. Phelps.

J. Lamb. W. Whewell.

Gilbert Ainslie. T. Worsley.

On the 25th of February, Lord Denman delivered the judgment
of the Court of Queen's Bench, on a rule to show cause why the
Vicechancellor should not have conusance of an action of trespass,
brought by Henry Turner against the Rev. William Bates, M.A.,
William Bush, and Charles Wood. The rule had been obtained in
Hilary Term, 1844,(1) at which time Mr Bates was pro-proctor, the
other defendants being his servants. Many objections wer« made to

(1) Application had been previously made to Mr. Justice Patteson, at chambers, to
allow the claim of conusance, and his lordship made an order to stay proceedings till
the Vicechancellor had an opportunity of applying to the court.

684 VICTORIA. [1847

the claim which was argued on the 1 1th of June, 1844,(1) but the
objection on which the judgment of the court proceeded was, that
Bush and Wood were acting as constables appointed under the
statute 6 Geo. IV. cap. 97.(2) On this ground the court decided that
conusance could not be allowed, but as this objection applied to only-
two of the three defendants, leave was given to the counsel for the
university to have the case re-argued, if they thought they could
establish that conusance could be allowed as to one only of several
defendants. The counsel of the university not again moving in the
matter, the court, in Trinity Term this year, discharged the rule
with costs.

On the death of the Duke of Northumberland Chancellor of the
University, Edward Herbert Earl of ;Powis,(3) K.G. LL.D. of St.
John's College, offered himself as a candidate for that office. His
Royal Highness Prince Albert was also nominated. The election
took place on the 25th, 26th, and 27th of February, and at the final
close of the poll the votes were, for his Royal Highness Prince Albert
954; for the Earl of Powis 837.(4)

The 24th of March, was observed as a General Fast. The sermon
before the university, at Great St. Mary's, was preached by the

(1) The Counsel for the University were Sir W. W. FoUett, then Solicitor General,
Mr. Starl-iie, Mr. Cowling, and Mr. Cleasby ; for the plaintiff, Mr. Kelly and Mr. Big-gs
Andrews.

(2) Vide ante p. 54:».

(3) Edward Herbert third Earl of Powis was educated at St. John's College, where
(as Viscount Clive) he graduated M.A. 1806, L.L.D. 1835. He entered the House of
Commons, as member for Ludlow in 1807, and represented that place in ten parliaments.
He succeeded his father in the Earldom of Powis on the 16th JVl ay, 1839. His untiring
and ultimately successful exertions in the House of Lords, to prevent the consolidation of
the sees of Bangor and St. Asaph, gained him considerable popularity with the friends
of the Church. In 1845, he was created K.G. He died on the 17th January, 1848, from
the injuries arising from a gunshot wound, accidentally inflicted, a few days previously,
by his youngest son, the Hon. Robert Herbert, whilst shooting game.

(4) Analysis of the Poll:—

Voters. P. A. Pow.

64 St. Peter's College 33 31

56 Clare Hall 37 19

45 Pembroke College 32 13

84 Gonville and Caius College 60 24

29 Trinity Hall 20 9

69 Corpus Christi College 63 17

56 King's College 31 25

76 Queens' College 54 22

45 St. Catharine's Hall 22 23

59 Jesus College 33 26

77 Christ's College 47 30

371 St. John's College 63 318

62 Magdalene College 38 24

580 Trinity College 378 202

72 Emmanuel College 32 40

29 Sidney Sussex College 21 8

17 Downing College 11 6

Jm 951 837

1847] VICTORIA, ^35

Rev. John James Blunt, B.D., Lady Margaret's Professor of Di-
vinity, from Psalm cxlviii. 7, 8.

The inauguration of H. R. H. Prince Albert, as Chancellor of the
University, took place at Buckingham Palace on the 25th of March.
Mr. Philpott, the Vicechancellor, (who was attended by Lord Lynd-
hurst High Steward of the University, Mr, Goulburn and Mr- Law,
Members of Parliament for that body, thirteen Heads of Colleges,
the Commissary, Public Orator, Registrary, members of the Caput,
Proctors, Scrutators, Esquire Bedels, and about 130 members of the
Senate) addressed his Royal Highness as follows : —

It is my duty to present to your Royal Highness the letters patent of the
office of Chancellor of the University of Cambridge, into which your Royal
Highness has been elected by the Senate.

In presenting them, as I am now permitted to do, I should very imperfectly
fulfil what the University requires of me if I did not endeavour to express
the high gratification which your Royal Highness's acceptance of the office
has caused amongst us.

Your Royal Highness is well acquainted with the nature and objects of
the institutions amidst which we live, and of which we conceive we may be
justly proud. Your Royal Highness knows that the foundations of them were
laid many centuries ago ; that they were destined to maintain and spread the
principles of Christianity and civilization— that the successive generations of
men to whom their management has been entrusted have laboured earnestly
and with effect, and I trust I may add, by God's blessing with success, to
impart sound learning and religious education, and to train up a supply of
men duly qualified to serve God in Church and State.

The successful prosecution of this work demands that we should have, as
our statutes require, some one head to direct our movements, to guide or
govern us, to watch over our interests, to preserve the integrity and efficiency
of our institutions, and to provide, as far as possible, that each member of
our body should have free scope to perform his appointed office in security
and peace.

It has been our custom accordingly from time to time, upon vacancies of the
office of Chancellor, to choose into that high office some illustrious person
eminent for his attachment to institutions such as ours, and to the cause of
piety and virtue, and whose elevated position should give him peculiar fa-
cilities for protecting us in the exercise of those rights and privileges which
have been granted to us as essential to the right performance of our duties.

The University, Sir, rejoices on the present occasion that they have found
in your Royal Highness a Chancellor in whose sympathy for their studies,
in the wisdom of whose government, and in whose powerful protection they
feel that they may place the most unbounded confidence. They have observed
with feelings of the deepest respect, those virtues in your Royal Highness's
character which it is their own high aim to inculcate, and which shine forth
most brightly in the most exalted rank. They are not unacquainted with
your Royal Highness's own academical reputation and acquirements ; they
have observed it to be always your Royal Highness's study to promote the
cause of science and literature, to lend the sanction of your high influence

686 VICTORIA. [im

to whatever is pure and elevated in sentiment, to all that is noble and graceful
in action, to all that dignifies and adorns the pursuits of human nature.

It is a source of the greatest satisfaction to the University, that by your
Royal Ilighness's acceptance of the office of their Chancellor they have been able
to connect closely with themselves and the administration of their affairs a
prince with such high claims to their respect and confidence.

Few^ persons have held that office and established so strong a claim upon the es-
teem and gratitude of the University, as our late excellent Chancellor, His Grace
the Duke of Northumberland. He showed upon every occasion the most lively
sympathy for our pursuits of science and literature— nothing that was of
interest to the University failed to excite interest in him; a man of princely
virtues, kind and courteous to all who approached him, his loss has been
deeply felt and deeply regretted by all the members of our body.

Your Royal Highness's acceptance of our Chancellorship has raised us from the
grief which the loss of that excellent nobleman occasioned.

By accepting the office, and by the gracious terms in which your pleasure
respecting it has been made known to us, your Royal Highness has signified
that the well-being of our University is an object of much interest to you.
As the course of years rolls on and strengthens the tie which binds your Royal
Highness to us, we trust that the institutions with which you have done us the
honour to connect yourself will be found not unworthy of your care, and
the conduct of those who administer them not unworthy of esteem. May
your Royal Highness live long to hold the office of our Chancellor, and may
the execution of the trust which it imposes be a source of satisfaction to you,
and add one more to the many ties of affectionate attachment which bind
your Royal Highness to the institutions of our country.

The Proctor having read the Letters Patent, his Royal Highness
took the accustomed oaths, and the Public Orator made an oration
to his Royal Highness in Latin. Then his Royal Highness returned
thanks in the following terms : —

Mr. Vicechancellor, ?Iy Lords, and Gentlemen,

Having been installed as your Chancellor by the
ceremony which is just concluded, allow me now to assure you of the sincere
gratification which I feel at the honour which you have conferred upon me.

It must be indeed a subject of pride for me to find myself placed at the
head of an University like yours, renowned as well for its piety and learning
as for its strong attachment to the institutions of the country, and gratifying
as this mark of your good opinion must be to myself, I can, at the same time,
read in it a fresh proof of that devoted attachment to the person and throne
of her Majesty the Queen which has ever distinguished you.

This dignity has been bestowed upon me by your spontaneous act, and I
cannot] but consider the proof of confidence in me which you have thereby
shown to be more flattering from my not having been educated at your Uni-
versity.

If, however, those ties of early associations, and that grateful feeling which
attaches a scholar to the place to which he owes his mental development,
must be wanting in my case, I hope that this deficiency may be compensated
by that interest which I most strongly feel in the welfare of this country, and
in the institutions to which is committed the important trust of training the
rising generation which is in future to serve and adorn her in Church and State.

1847] VICTORIA. 687

I FEEL that the task I shall have to perform is not rendered more easy by
my having to repair the loss you have sustained by the death of that most
excellent nobleman who filled the office of Chancellor before me; but you
may rest assured that my new duties will engage my constant and earnest
attention, and that you will always find me equally ready to co-operate with
you in your endeavours to promote the general cause of religion, literature,
and science, and to maintain those rights and privileges the exercise of which
is essential to the performance of your duties.

A court for the recovery of small debts and demauds was esta-
blished at Cambridge, under the provisions of a general act.(^) John
Collyer, Esq., was constituted judge of this court, which held its first
sitting, at the Guildhall, on the 23rd of April, this year. The juris-
diction of the court extends to all parishes and places within the
Cambridge, the Chesterton, and the Caxton and Arrington Poor Law
Unions.

A suit in Chancery, in which one Fiestel was plaintiff, and the
Provost and Scholars of King's College and Lionel Buller a Fellow
of that College, were defendants, came on for hearing before Lord
Langdale Master of the Rolls, on the 26th of February, 2nd
and 8rd of March, and 6th of May. Mr. Buller had assigned the
profits of his fellowship to the Plaintiff for securing money lent;
and Lord Langdale held that this assignment was not contrary to
public policy in respect of the duties incident to his fellowship, and
that there was nothing in the nature of the income of the fellowship
from which it could be inferred that the emoluments are not assign-
able in equity, although the assignment was contrary to the implied
intention of the founder of the college, and might have been a vio-
lation of Mr. Buller's duty to the college.(2)

On the 13th of May, a fire broke out in the kitchen of Trinity
College, and, although quickly subdued, the damage was estimated
at £200.

On the 19th of May, a grace to confirm the report of a syndi-
cate(3) appointed to consider the question of a voluntary contribution
to be paid by the University, towards the expense of maintaining
the Borough Police Force,(<) was rejected in the Non-Regent house:
placets 31 ; non-placets 35.

(1) Stat, 9 & 10, Vict, c 95.

(2) Law Journal Reports, New Series (Chancery) xvi. 339.
(S) Appointed 19th of March.

(4) The following- is the more material portion of this Report (which bears date 6lh May).

" That a voluntary Contribution, to be continued during the pleasure of the ."Senate,
be made to the expense of maintaining the Borough Police Force, on the following con-
ditions : —

688 VICTORIA. [1847

At the Commenement, Her Majesty the Queen honoured the Uni-
versity with a second visit, being again accompanied by his Royal
Highness Prince Albert, now Chancellor of the University. Her
Majesty and the Prince left Buckingham Palace on Monday the 5th
of July, and travelled by road, to Tottenham, at which place a
special train was in readiness to convey them to Cambridge by rail-
way .(i) At the Station, which was richly and appropriately decorated
for the occasion, Her Majesty was received by the Mayor and
Council (accompanied by Lord Godolphin, High Steward of the Town)
the Earl of Hardwicke Lord Lieutenant of the County, R. F. Pate,
Esq. High Sheriif, and the Duke of Norfolk Hereditary Earl Mar-
shal of England. The Mayor, on bended knee, tendered the Mace
to her Majesty, who was graciously pleased to return the same ; and
her Majesty and the Prince having entered the royal carriage, which
was in waiting, proceeded by the Hill's Road, Downing Terrace,
Trumpington Street, King's Parade, and Trinity Street, to Trinity
College. The Mayor walked on the right of her Majesty's carriage,
and the Earl of Hardwicke rode on the left. The Whittlesey
Yeomanry Cavalry formed a guard of honour. They were followed
by the baud of the royal corps of Sappers and Miners, playing the
national anthem, and the Council and Officers of the Corporation
walked, uncovered, in front of Her Majesty's carriage. About halfway
down the road leading from the Hill's Road to the Station a fine
triumphal arch had been erected, gaily decorated with evergreens,
flowers, and flags. There was also a triumphal arch, similarly deco-

1. That the two following articles shall be added to the Instructions now in force
for the g-uidance of the Police Constables; —

I. The police shall at all times shew respect to the Proctors and Masters of Arts:

and, without interfering with them in the lawful exercise of their Academical
duties, shall, whenever the Proctors or Masters of Arts are so employed, en-
deavour to prevent any breach of the peace.

II. In the case of any student of the University being taken into custody, information
thereof shall forthwith be given to the Authorities of his College or to the Proctors.

2. That all new rules, orders, regulations, and instructions made or given by the Watch
Committee or the Council of the Borough for the regulation and guidance of the Police
Constables, and all alterations of the existing body of rules, shall have the approbation
of the Vice-Chancellor and Heads of Colleges.

3. That no Police Constable shall be appointed, or re-appointed after dismissal, without
the consent of the Vice-Chancellor.

4. That the payment of the Contribution shall be suspended, if it shall appear to the
Vice-Chancellor and Heads of Colleges that the above conditions have not been complied
with, or that the managemfnt of ihe Police Force is not satisfactory.

5. That the amount of Contribution to be paid towards the maintenance, in each year,
of the Police Force shall be one-fourth part of the whole expense of the maintenance
of the Force for the preceding year ending August 31, provided that the whole Contribution
in any one year do not exceod the sum of Six Hundred Pounds.

6. That the Contribution shall be paid by the Vice-Chancellor to the Treasurer of the
Borough, in two half-yearly payments, viz. on the 1st of November, and on the 1st of
May, in every year,"

(1) The departure from Tottenham was at 11. 2S. a.m.; the arrival at Cambridge at
12. 63, P.M.

1847] VICTORIA. 689

rated, near Addenbrookc's Hospital. Scaftblds were erected at various
points in the line of procession; these and the houses were crowded
with spectators, and decorated with flowers and flags ; and the streets
were filled with a countless multitude, who greeted their Sovereign
with loud and long-continued acclamations. At the entrance of
Trinity College, Dr. Whewell the Master presented the keys to her
Majesty, and at the door of the Master's Lodge the staves of the
Esquire Bedels were laid at Her Majesty's feet by the Prince, as
Chancellor of the University. The keys and staves were, of course,
most graciously returned. Shortly after two o'clock, Her Majesty
being sealed on her throne at the upper end of the hall of Trinity
College, the doors were thrown open, and his Royal Highness the
Prince Chancellor, attended by the Vicechancellor, Heads of Houses,
Doctors, Professors, the Officers of the University, the Senate, and
other members of the academic body, entered, and his Royal High-
ness, standing at the foot of the throne, read the following ad-
dress : —

To The Queen's Most Excellent Majesty.
The Humble Address of the Chancellor, Masters, and Scholars of
the University of Cambridge.

May it please your Majesty,
We, your Majesty's most loyal and devoted subjects, the Chancellor, Masters.
and Scholars of the University of Cambridge, avail ourselves of your Majesty's
gracious permission, at this time to renew our assurance of our firm attach-
ment to your Majesty's person and Government.

The recollection of your Majesty's former visit is preserved by us with
feelings of pride and satisfaction ; and we now hail, with fervent joy, your Ma-
jest>'s presence amongst us for the second time, and desire to express in the
fullest manner in which words can convey it, our heartfelt gratitude for this
gracious mark of Royal favour.

We trust, that we may be allowed to consider the honor which we enjoy,
as a proof of your Majesty's undiminished favour, which will be cherished as
an incentive to renewed exertion, and will encourage the members of our
body in their several stations, to deserve your Majesty's approbation, by a
zealous and diligent discharge of their important duties.

The time which has elapsed since the period of your Majesty's former visit,
has been marked by an important change in the highest office of our body.
We have had to deplore the loss of our late excellent Chancellor, who, to his
great regret, was on that occasion prevented by the infirm state of his health,
from assuming his place among us, and expressing in person his acknow-
ledgements of your Majesty's gracious favour.

We are encouraged by your Majesty's presence in the University at this
time, to entertain a confident hope, that the act of the University in filling
the vacant office has been regarded by your Majesty with approbation ; and
we trust that the same Royal protection and favour will be continued to us,
which we have been wont to enjoy from the Sovereigns of this kingdom.

VOL. IV. 4 R

690 VICTORIA. [1847

The occasion seems to require that we should take the opportunity of as-
suring your Majesty, that we are not unmindful of the high purposes which
the institutions of the University are intended to accomplish.

We trust that there have not been wanting hitherto a zeal for the studies
of Literature and Science, and efforts to promote the still more elevated and
holy cause which our Founders had in view— the establishment of religion and
virtue upon a good and sure foundation.

We would venture to appeal to recent discoveries in astronomical and other
kindred sciences ; to the many persons eminent in literature and science ; and
in the public offices of life, to the statesmen, the judges, the philosophers
of our country, who have received their early education, and been taught to
discipline their minds in this seat of learning.

We trust that we may call attention also to the Clergy who have gone
from us, and contribute so much to the elevation of character of our country-
men, who labouring in piety and patience, with truth of doctrine and innocency
of life, have made our church to be the blessing and the glory of our
land.

While we thus reflect with satisfaction upon the good fruit which has re-
sulted from the past labours of the University, our attention is awakened to the
task which lies before ourselves. We see how important is the place which
the University occupies in respect to social happiness and order, how dignified
the duties, how great the responsibility of those who have to direct its studies
and administer its affairs.

We desire to assure your Majesty that those topics of reflection are ever
before our minds, and that it is our care to address ourselves to our duty in
a firm and earnest spirit, not diverted by difficulty, but nerved by the conside-
ration of it to that patience of temper, which by God's blessing we hope will
bring success.

It is our earnest prayer that your Majesty may long live to see the fruit of
your efforts for our country's welfare. May Almighty God protect and
strengthen you, and, prospering you with all happiness, pour down upon you
the continual dew of PUs Blessing.

At the conclusion of the address, H.R.H. the Chancellor, kneeling,
presented it to the Queen, who handed it to Sir George Grey, one
of the Secretaries of State, and Her Majesty was graciously pleased
to reply as follows : —

I have received with the highest satisfaction your loyal and affectionate address.

It affords me great pleasure to visit you on this occasion and to assure you
of my entire approbation of the act of the University in their selection of a
Chancellor.

I have always felt it to be one of the first duties of a British Sovereign to
extend favour and protection to institutions intended for the advancement of
religion and learning.

I am peculiarly impressed with a sense of that duty in a place which has
produced so many persons eminently distinguished in science, literature, and
religion, and in which I am surrounded with noble monuments of the munifi-
cence of Princes who have preceded me on the throne of this kingdom.

None of these Princes can have more earnestly desired to promote the wel-
fare of your University than myself, and I shall ever feel the warmest interest
in its continued and increasing prosperity.

lS17i VICTORIA.

691

The Prince then presented the Vicechancellor and Heads of Col-
leges to Her Majesty, and they had the honour to kiss Her Majesty's
hand.

After a brief interval His Royal Highness the Chancellor proceeded
to the Senate House whither Her Majesty soon afterwards came. An
oration was made by the Public Orator, after which the Chancellor
proceeded to confer honorary degrees on Prince Waldemar of Russia,
the Hereditary Duke of Saxe Weimar, Prince Peter of Oldenburgh, the
Prince of Lowenstein, Major General Sir Harry G. W. Smith, Bart.
G.C.B,, (the Hero of Aliwal,) Sir Roderick Impey Murchison, and
other distinguished personages. In the evening Her Majesty and
the Prince dined with Dr. Philpott the Vicechancellor, in the Hall
of Catharine Hall. They afterwards attended a concert at the
Senate House, and the Prince visited the Observatory at a quarter
past ten. The same evening there was a grand display of fireworks
on Parker's Piece, where, in a neat orchestra, the band of Sappers
and Miners enlivened the scene with martial music. The ground
near the Town Gaol was occupied by a number of shows, and
dancing and other booths, for the entertainment and refreshment of
the populace.

On Tuesday, the 6th of July, the Prize Poems were recited in
the Senate House in the presence of Her Majesty and the Prince
and at their conclusion was performed the following Installation
Ode written by William Wordsworth, Esq., (of St. John's College),
Poet Laureat, and set to music by T. A. Walmisley, M.A., & Mus.
B., the Professor of Music.

INTRODUCTION AND CHORUS.

For thirst of power that Heaven disowns,

For temples, towers, and thrones
Too long insulted by the spoiler's shock,

Indignant Europe cast

Her stormy foe at last
To reap the whirlwind on a Libyan rock.

SOLO — TENOR.

War is passion's basest game
Madly played to win a name ;
Up starts some tyrant, Earth and Heaven to dare;

The servile million bow ;
But will the lightning glance aside to spare
The Despot's laurelled brow?

CHORUS.

War is mercy, glory, fame,
Waged in Freedom's holy cause ;

QC)0 VICTORIA. [1847

Freedom, such as Man may claim
Under God's restraining laws.
Such is Albion's fame and glory ;
Let rescued Europe tell the story.

KECIT—(acC0»y?O?Uef?) — CONTRALTO.

But lo, what sudden cloud has darkened all

The land as with, a funeral pall ?
The Rose of England suffers blight,
The flower has drooped, the Isle's delight,

Flower and bud together fall —
A Nation's hopes lie crushed in Claremont's desolate hall,

AIR — SOPRANO.

Time a chequered mantle wears; —

Earth awakes from wintry sleep ;
Again the Tree a blossom bears,—
Cease, Britannia, cease to weep —
Hark to the peals on this bright May-morn I
They tell that your future Queen is born !

SOPRANO— SOLO and chorus.
A Guardian Angel fluttered
Above the Babe, unseen ;
One word he softly uttered—
It named the future Queen :
And a joyful cry through the Island rang,
As clear and bold as the trumpet's clang,
As bland as the reed of peace—

"Victoria be her name!"

For righteous triumphs are the base

Whereon Britannia rests her peaceful fame,

QL'ARTETT.

Tiin2, in his mantle's sunniest foldj
Uplifted on his arms the child ;
And while the fearless Infant smiled.
Her happier destiny foretold: —

" Infancy, by Wisdom mild,

"Trained to health and artless beauty ;

" Youth, by Pleasure unbcguiled

" From the lore of lofty duty ;

" Womanhood in pure renown,

"Seated on her lineal throne :

"Leaves of myrtle in her Crown,

" Fresh with lustre all their own.

"Love, the treasure worth possessing

" More than all the world beside,

" This shall be her choicc&t blessing,

" Oft to roval hearts denied."

1817] VICTORIA, 693

ix}LCiT—{Acco)npa}iie(l)—BA.ss.
That eve, the Star of Brunswick slionc

With steadfast ray benign
On Golha's ducal roof, and on

The softly flowing Leine ;
Nor failed to gild the spires of Bonn,

And glittered on the Rhine.—
Old Camus, too, on that prophetic night

Was conscious of the ray ;
And his willows whispered in its light,

Not to the Zephyr's sway,
But with a Delphic life, in sight

Of this auspicious day :

CHORUS.
This day, when Grante hails her chosen Lord,

And proud of her award,

Confiding in that Star serene,
Welcomes the Consort of a happy Queen.

AIR--CONT11ALT0.

luiNCE in these Collegiate bowers,

Where Science, leagued with holier truth.

Guards the sacred heart of youth.

Solemn monitors are ours.

These reverend aisles, these hallowed towers.

Raised by many a hand august.

Are haunted by majestic Powers,

The memories of the Wise and Just,

Who, faithful to a pious trust,

Here, in the Founder's spirit sought

To mould and stamp the ore of thought

In that bold form and impress high
That best betoken patriot loyalty.

Not in vain those Sages taught.—

True disciples, good as great,

Have pondered here their country's weal,

Weighed the Future by the Past,

Learnt how social frames may last,

And how a Land may rule its fate

By constancy inviolate.

Though worlds to their foundations reel,
The sport of factious Ilatc or godless Zeal.

AIR,— BASS.

Albert, in thy race we cherish

A Nation's strength that will not perish

While England's sceptred Line

True to the King of Kings is found;

Like that Wisc(i) Ancestor of thine

i Frederic the Wiic, Elector of Saxony.

694 VICTORIA. [1847

Who threw the Saxon shield o'er Luther's life
When first, above the yells of bigot strife,

The trumpet of the Living Word
Assumed a voice of deep portentuous sound
From gladdened Elbe to startled Tiber heard.

Chorus.
What shield more sublime
E'er was blazoned or sung ?
And the Prince whom we greet
From its Hero is sprung.

Resound, resound the strain

That hails him for our own !
Again, again, and yet again;
For the Church, the State, the Throne!—
And that Presence fair and bright.
Ever blest wherever seen
Who deigns to grace our festal rite.
The pride of the Islands, Victoria the Queen!

At the conclusion of the Ode there was a general and enthusias-
tic cry for *' God save the Qaeen," which was accordingly sung.
The Queen having returned to Trinity Lodge, His Royal Highness
the Chancellor proceeded to visit St. John's, King's, Christ's, and
Magdalene Colleges. In the afternoon Her Majesty and the Prince
attended a Grand Horticultural Fete in the grounds of Downing
College, at which above 6,000 persons were present and then proceeded
to visit the Fitzwilliam Museum. At 6 o'clock Mr. Green as-
cended from Parker's Piece in his balloon. A grand banquet was
given in Trinity College hall at half-past 6 o'clock, which was at-
tended by Her Majesty and the Prince, and at 9 o'clock Her Ma-
jesty held a levee in Trinity College Lodge at which were pre-
sented the Vicechancellor, Heads of Colleges, Doctors, Professors,
the Officers of the University, the Vicemasters, Presidents, and
Tutors of the several Colleges, C. E. Brown, Esq. Mayor, Alder-
men Fawcett and Law, Mr. Harris Town Clerk, and Councillors
Livett and Ekin, who attended with addresses from the Council to
Her Majesty and the Prince.

On Wednesday the 7th of July, the Prince Chancellor held his
Levee at Trinity College Lodge, and then visited Trinity Hall, Clare
Hall, the Woodwardian Museum, the Public Library, Caius, Corpus
Christi, Queen's, Pembroke, St. Peter's, and Emmanuel Colleges.
A grand public breakfast was given in Neville's Court Trinity Col-
lege and in the grounds of that College and St. John's, which was
attended by 3,558 persons, and was honoured with the presence of

1847J VICTORIA. 695

Her Majesty and the Prince, who, however, a little before three
o'clock in the afternoon, took their departure from Cambridge, being
escorted from Trinity College to the Railway station by the Whit-
tlesey Yeomanry Cavalry (i).

On the 7th of July, the Council voted a complimentary address to
Major General. Sir Harry G. W. Smith, Bart., G.C.B., the Hero of
Aliwal. It was presented to him on the following day at Trinity
College.

On the 9th of July, the royal assent was given to an Act to en-
able the Eastern Counties Railway Company to make a Railway
from the Eastern Counties Railway near Cambridge, to the Bedford
and Bletchley Railway at or near Bedford, with branches(2). The
Eastern Counties Company also projected a Line of Railway from
Cambridge (through Royston) to Ware. The bill passed the Com-

(1) The following charg'es occur in the Abstract of the Receipts and Payments, on ac-
count of the University Chest, for the year ending Nov, 3, 1847.

"The Royal Commencement: —

•'Police and Constables £84 16 8

" Fitting up the Senate house (by Grace, May 5, 1847).. 322 6 11

"Performance of the Ode (by Grace, May 21, 1847) 400 0 0

"Sundries 30 8 2

£837 11 9"
In the Abstract of the Town Treasurer's Accounts for the year ending 31st August,
1847, are these charges.

" ExPENCEs connected with the Visit of Her Majesty Queen Victoria, on the occasion
"of the Installation of H. R. H. Prince Albekt, as Chancellor of the University, July,
"1847 £. s. d.

"Mr. Green, Aeronaut for his Balloon 60 16 8

" Mr. Darby, for Fireworks, &c 73 8 6

"The Band of the Sappers and Miners , 47 17 6

"Messrs. Quinsee, for a platform on Parker's Piece... 15 0 0

"Constables fiS 2 0

"Messrs. Webster and Son, for Triumphal Arches 51 17 6

" Mr. Catling, for Decorating ditto 16 0 0

" Flags for ditto 6 3 6

"Sundries 5 19 1

£336 4 9"

Messrs. Peters and Son published an Installation Medal in gold, silver, bronze, and
Avhite metal, having on the obverse a profile of H. R. H. Prince Albert, with the
legend "pRrNCEPs celsissimtjs albertus acad. cancell. 1847" the reverse was the
same as that of the Marquess Camden's Installation Medal. They also set forth in
silver and white metal, a medal having on the obverse, piofiles of the Queen and
Prince Albert with this legend, "her most gkacious majestv auEEN victoria &
H.R. n PRINCE ALBERT," and on the reverse, this inscription within a wreath of laurel,
intertwined with the Rose, Shamrock, and Thistle, and surmounted by the Imperial
Crown, "in commemoration of her majesty's visit to Cambridge at the in-
stallation op HIS ROYAL nlOHNESa PRINCE ALBERT AS CHANCELLOR OF THE UNI-
VERSITY. JULY, 1847."

Mr. T. Reed of this town, in conjunction with Messrs. Hunt and Roskell, of 150,
New Bond Street, London, also published an Installation Medal, in gold, silver, and
bronze, having on the obverse a profile of tlie Prince, from a portrait by G. G. Adams,
with the legend "albertus princeps" and on the reverse this inscription " cblssi-

MUM PUINCIPEM ALBERTUM CANCELLARIUM SUUM FAUSTO FELICIQUE OMINE INAU-
GURATUM LAETA C0N8PICIT ACADEMIA CANTABRIGIENSI3 JULII VI. MDCCCXLVII."

(2) Stat. 10, 11, Vict. cap. clviii. (local and personal.)

596 VICTORIA. flS47

mons(0 who rejected a project for extending the Royston and
Hitchin Railway to Cambridge.

At the General Election, the Candidates for the representation of
the University in Parliament, were the Hon. Charles Ewan Law,(2)
LL.D. of St. John's College, Recorder of London, the R,ight Hon.
Henry Goulburn, M.A., of Trinity College, Viscount Feilding, M.A..
of Trinity College, and John George Shaw Lefevere, Esq.,(3) M.A.,
sometime Fellow of Trinity College. The poll was taken on the 29th,
30th, and 31st of July, and the 2nd and 3rd of August, and at its
close the votes were Law, 148Gj Goulburn, 1189; Feilding, 1147;
Lcfevre, 860.(4)

The Candidates for the Parliamentary representation of the Town
were Robert Alexander Shafto Adair, Esq., the Hon, William
Frederick Campbell, and the Hon. John Henry Thomas Manners
Sutton. 1205 electors recorded their votes at the poll, which was

(1) This bill Avas renewed in 1848, but was lost in consequence of non-compliance with
Standing Orders.

(2) Appointed King's Counsel, Michaelmas Term, 1S29 In 1830, elected Common Serjeant
of London, and in 1833 Recorder of that City. He was elected RI.P. for the Uni-
versity, in the room of Viscount Canterbury, 21stIMarch, 1S35.

(3) Senior Wrangler 1818. In April, 1848. appointed Clerk Assistant of the Parliaments.

(1) Analysis of the Poll: —

Voters. L. G. F. ^v-

lOfi St. Peter's College 6.1 65 34 3.S

89 Clare Hall C9 27 5? 16

51 Pembroke College 24 32 2.') 19

124 Gonville and Caius College 74 M 69 4i

4(t Trinity Hall 19 24 16 13

91 Corpus Christi College 62 36 54 26

69 King's College 35 45 l9 29

J 23 Queens' College 81 43 73 28

70 St. Catharine's Hall 56 20 5> 8

81 Jesus College 57 26 49 23

102 Christ's College 59 40 53 43

5)08 St. John's College 402 179 292 lo.-i

77 Magdalene College 40 47 27 28

787 Trinity College 3.34 483 213 397

106 Emmanuel College 80 31 68 21

40 Sidney Sussex College 19 20 15 16

24 Downing College 9 15 6 !.">

2491 1486 1189 1147 SGO

Plumpers. L. G. F. Lf.

33 Law 33 ,. ,, „

132 Goulburn ,, 132

33 Feilding ,, 33

102 Lefevre ,, „ ,. 102

Split Votes.

349 L&G 349 349

1065 L&F 1065 „ 1065

39 L&r.f C9 „ ,. 39

19 G&F „ 19 19

C89 G&Lf „ GSO „ 689

SO F&Lf ,. „ 30 30

2491 1436 118!) 1147 860

1S47] VICTORIA. 697

taken ou the 30th of July. The numbers ^vere Adair 811 ; Campbell
727 ; Sutton 46o('0.

On the 17th of August, the railway from Cambridge to St. Ives,
(communicating there with railways from St. Ives to Huntingdon
and Wisbech)(2) was opened for traffic.

On the 29th of October, a grace passed accepting the propo-
sal of Archdeacon Burney the sole surviving Trustee of the Porson
fund for founding a University Scholarship to be called the Porson
Scholarship(3).

Four of the Wards were contested at the annual election of two
Councillors for each on the 1st of November. The votes were: —
East Barnwell Ward: Henry Staples Foster 119; Andrew Young 95;
Henry Hazard 45. — Market Ward: John Bentley 115 ; William Ba-
con 103; Edward Cory 79, —Trinity ^Vard : William Ekin IGl ;
Charles Finch Foster 152; John Swan 120; John Hall 97.— St. An-
drew's Ward : Henry Hemington Harris 162; David Matthew 161 ;
Julian Skrine 159 ; Henry Francis Rowe 158.

On the 15th of November, there was an election of a Councillor
for Trinity Ward, in the room of William Ekin, elected Alderman.
The votes were John Swan 191 ; John Brown 108; John Swann 1.

On the 17th of November, the Senate voted a Petition to the
House of Commons expressive of alarm and consternation at the
prospect of a law for allowing Jews to sit in Parliament. The votes
■were, Non-Regents: placets 50; non-placets 25; Regents: placets
28; non-placets 14.

• On the 8th of December, graces were offered for a memorial against
the nomination of Dr. Hampden to the See of Hereford, and for the
appointment of a Syndicate to consider as to the expediency of
instituting an examination of all Students (except those of King's

(1) Analysis of the Poll: —
Plumpers.
Voters. A. C. S.

25 Adair '^5

.8 Campbell 8

374 Sutlon , ,, 374

Split Votes.
707 Adair and ('ampbell ... 7o7 707

79 Adair and Sutton 7'A ., 79

]2 L'ampbelland Sutton 12 12

1205 81 1 727 465

(2) A portion of the line from St. Tvos to Wisbech, viz, from March to Wisbecli, had
been opened on the 3rd of May, 1817, the remaining portion, from St. Ives to March, was
not opened till March, 1S18.

(3) A Grace for accepting Archdeacon Burnev'd proposal had been rejected Oct. 21st
ISiO. Placets 15.- Non-placets 15.

VOL. IV. 4 Q

698 VICTORIA, [1848

College), previous to their residence. Both graces were rejected in
the Caput.

On the 31st of December, the five hundredth anniversary of the
foundation of Pembroke Hall was celebrated by a grand festival in
the College Hall, Dr. Ainslie the Master, presided, and there were
present the Vicechancellor, Heads of Colleges, Doctors, Professors,
and Officers of the University, the Earl of Hardwicke, C. F. Foster
Esq. Mayor, Mr. Goulburn M.P. Mr. Law M.P. Mr. Adair M.P.
Mr. Turner M.P. Mr. Serjeant Talfourd M.P. Dr. Peacock Dean
of Ely, and many other gentlemen connected with the University
and College.

1848.

On the 1st of January died Samuel Salmon, of this Town,
Upholsterer. By his Will and two Codicils thereto(i) he bequeathed
(including legacy duty), —

To Addenbrooke's Hospital (£880.) and to the Samaritan Fund

there (£110.) • . . . . 990

To the Victoria Asylum 330

To the British and Foreign School 30O

To the Hospital of St. Anthony and St. Eligius - 440

To the Sunday School of St. Andrew the Great 110

To the Sunday School at the Baptist Chapel, St. Andrew's Street . 110(2)

The five hundredth anniversary of the foundation of Gonville and
Caius College was celebrated by a dinner in the College Hall on
the 28th of January. Dr. Paget, one of the Senior Fellows, pre-
sided, and there was present the Vicechancellor, several Heads of
Colleges, C. F. Foster Esq. Mayor, Dr. Stanley Bishop of Norwich,
Right Hon. Henry Goulburn M.P. Dr. Paris President of the
College of Physicians, Dr. Peacock Dean of Ely, and many other
members of the College and University.

On the 31st of January a Town Meeting was held in the Guild-
hall to petition parliament iu favour of the Bill for admitting the
Jews to sit in Parliament. Charles Finch Foster Esq. Mayor
presided. W. G. Ashton Esq., proposed, and Patrick Beales Esq.
seconded, a resolution approving of the Bill, whereupon Alderman
Fawcett proposed, Colonel Glover seconded, and Thomas Mortlock
Esq., supported, an amendment expressive of dissatisfaction with

(1) Dated 21st April, Uth Mav, 1842, and lOth Dec. 1846. Proved in Prerogative Court
26th February, 1848.

(2) Also to the Deaf and Dumb Asylum. Old Kent Road, jgSOO., and to the School for
the Indigent Blind, St. George's Fields, j630O.

1848] VICTORIA. 699

the Bill. Mr. C. H. Cooper spoke against the amendment, which
being put, was negatived by a great majority, and the original
resolution was carried. The petitions and other resolutions were
then carried, being proposed and supported by Mr. C. H. Cooper,
Alderman Ekin, Alderman R. Foster, Mr. J. D, Fetch, Mr. C.
Newby, H. S. Foster Esq., and Mr. W. Bacon. Some of the
inhabitants soon afterwards petitioned against the Bill.

On the 9Lh of February, the Senate accepted the offer of James
Heywood Markland Esq. F.R.S. F.S.A. to invest a sum producing
5 Guineas per annum for an annual sermon before the University
at Great St. Mary's, (on such Sunday in full term and by such
preacher as the Vicechancellor should appoint), upon the subject of
Church Extension over the Colonies and Dependencies of the
British Empire.

On the 8th of March, the Senate voted Petitions to both Houses
of Parliament against a Bill for the further repeal of enactments
imposing pains and penalties on Roman Catholics. The votes
were, Non-Regents: placets, 35; non-placets, 16 ; Regents: placets,
32; non-placets, 13.

On the 17th of March, the Council voted an address of con-
gratulation to Dr. John Graham, Master of Christ's College, on
his election to the Bishopric of Chester.

A Syndicate appointed(U to consider whether any satisfactory
plan could be devised for increasing the pecuniary resources of
the University, so as to produce an annual surplus income
sufficient to admit of the execution from time to time of works
of general improvement connected with the usefulness and splendour
of the University, reported(2) in favour of the imposition of a fee
of 30s., to be paid by every member of theUniversity on passing
the previous examination, and of an additional fee of 30s. to be
paid by every person on admission to any degree. A Grace to
confirm this Report was submitted to the Senate on the 22nd
of March, and rejected in the Non-Regent House, the votes
being, placets, 29 ; non-placets, 45.

A Chartist Meeting on Parker's Piece, under the presidency of
*' P. McGrath, Esq.," having been announced for the 6th of April,
the Mayor and Magistrates took preciutionary measures to preserve

(1) May 5th, 1847.

(2) Dec. lOth, 1817,

700 VICTORIA. [1848

the peace of the Town, but Mr. McGrath did not make his
appearance, nor was any such meeting held.

On the 7th of April, the Senate approved of regulations with
respect to a prize to be given every other year, and to be called
the Adams Prize. The necessary funds were raised by subscription
by members of St. John's College, in testimony of their sense of
the honour conferred on his College and the University by John
Couch Adams Esq. M.A., (fellow of St. John's), having been the
first among the Mathematicians of Europe to determine from per-
turbations the unknown place of a disturbing Planet exterior to
Uranus.

In April, an Address from the Mayor, Magistrates, Clergy, and
Inhabitants was presented to the Queen declaratory of attachment
to Her Majesty's person and throne, and congratulating Her
Majesty on the signal failure of recent attempts, by threats of
physical force, to unsettle the institutions of the country.

On the 10th of May, the Senate voted an address to the Queen
expressive of attachment to her person and government, condoling
on the death of the Princess Sophia, and congratulating Her
Majesty on the demonstration of loyalty, courage, and fidelity
recently exhibited in the Metropolis. This address was presented
at Buckingham Palace on the 17th of June by His Royal Highness
Prince Albert Chancellor of the University, the Vicechancellor,
Heads of Colleges, &c., attended by many noblemen and gentlemen.

In or about June, was presented to Lord John Russell, First
Lord of the Treasury, a Memorial from Graduates and former
members of the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, with some
of the fellows of the Royal Society, setting forth that the present
system of the ancient English Universities had not advanced, and
was not calculated to advance, the interests of religious and useful
learning to an extent commensurate with the great resources and
high position of those bodies ; that the constitution of the
Universities of Oxford and Cambridge and of the Colleges, (now
inseparably connected with their academical system), was such as
in a great measure to preclude them from introducing those
changes which are necessary for increasing their usefulness and
eiTicacy : that under these circumstances, believing that the aid
of the Crown was th3 only available remedy for the above-
mentioned defects, the Memorialists prayed that his Lordship

1848] VICTORIA. 701

would advise Her Majesty to issue Her Royal Commission of
Inquiry into the best methods of securing the improvement of
the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge.(i)

The Public Health Act, which received the royal assent on the
31st of A-ugust, enacts that if the Borough of Cambridge become
a district under that Act,(2) the same shall be called the Cam-
bridge District, and that the Improvement Commissioners shall
within and for such district be the Local Board of Health. It
is also enacted that in the Cambridge District business may be
transacted by the Local Board of Health if at least 7 members
be present, and that the Cambridge Commissioners may appoint
a Chairman as theretofore. The Act also empowers the Local
Board of Health of the Cambridge District, with the consent of
the General Board, to supply water to any Hall, College, or
Premises of the University, upon such terms with respect to the
mode of paying for such supply, as shall from time to time be
agreed upon between the University or any Hall or College
thereof and the Local Board. The Act contains the subjoined
proviso.

Provided always, and be it enacted, That nothing in this Act shall be
deemed to alter or interfere with the Liability of the University of Oxford and
Cambridge respectively to contribute in the Proportion and Manner specified
in any Local Act under which the Oxford and Cambridge Commissioners
respectively now act towards the Expense of paving and pitching, repairing,

(1) Amongst the Cambridge signatures Averc those of Professor Ilenslow, James Hey-
wood M.P. Sir Harry Verney, Bart, M.P. Hon. P.J. Locke King M.P. H. 11. Yorke
M.P. E. Hotsman M P. W- P. Wood J\I,P. A. De Morgan, T. Hewitt Key, Hon. K. P,
BouverieM.P. J.B.Carter M.P. Sir G. R. Philips, Bart- M.P. Viscount Duncan M.P,
E. H. Bunbury M.P. D. T. Ansted, J. E. Blunt, John Romilly M.P. W, IM. Thackeray,
Viscount Ebrington M.P. Viscount Melgund M.P. lit. Hon. T. M. Gibson M.P.
G. Poulett Scrope M.P. Charles Babbage, W. F. Chambers, M.D. E. K- Tenison, M-P-
Right Hon. Sir Edward Ryan, Martin Tliackeray, Edw. Ellice. jun. M.P. W. Ma. shall
fll.P. Sir Grey Skipwith. Bart., M. "1". Baines MP. Sir James Clark, Bart. Henry
AVaiburton, Right Hon. Edw. Strutt, Hon. Richard Denman, Thomas Law Hodges VI. P.
W. R.Croinpton Stanstield M.P. VV. Ord M.P. William* Hutt M.P. Hon. C. P. Villiers,
M.P., Charles Towiieley, M.P.

(2) A Memorial, signed by above (iOO resident rate payers, for the application of this
Act to the Cambridge District having been presented "to the General Board of Health,
William Ranger, Esq. Superintending Inspector, on the 1st of February, 1^49, com-
menced an enquiry into the sewerage, drainage, and supply of water, and the sanitary
condition of the inhabitants of the town. He made his report on the Oth of May, and on
the 2h\d of May it was published. On the 18lh of June, a public meeting of the inhabitants
and owners of estates was held at the Guildhall with reference to this report, tlie Mayor
iu the chair. Reso utions and a memorial condemnatory of portions of Mr. Banger's
report, and in opposiLion to tlie iniroduction of the provisions of the act were carried.
These were proposed and supported by Mr. Alderman Faweett. Mr. W.Crisp. Mr. J, D.
Fetch, Ebenczer Foster, Esq. High Sheriff, Mr James Wariin, Mr. Henry Smith, Mr,
Charles Asby, Mr. John Dennis, Mr. B. u interborn, Mr. 'I homas Shallow, and Mr. \Vm.
Flay; but the leading resolution was opposed by Mr. Cooper Town Clerk, W G. Ashton,
Esq., Patrick Beales, Esq., Mr. Matthew Mood'y. and J. Eaden, jun., Esq. On the 22nd
of June, the Cambridge Improvement Commissioners publis^hed siatements rcsijccting
Mr. Ranger's report, but these were not of an adverse character, the Commissioners
having set on foot tlic memorial for the apphcation of the act to the Cambridge District.

702 VICTORIA. [1848

lighting, and cleansing, under the Power of any such Local Act, the several
Streets, Lanes, "Ways, Alleys, Passages, and Places within the Jurisdiction of
such Commissioners respectively ; and in case any Difference shall arise between
either of the said Universities and the Local Board of Health with respect
to the Proportion and Manner in which the University shall contribute towards
any Expences under this Act, and to which the University is not liable under
any such Local Act, the same shall be settled by the General Board of Health.
Provided also, that all Rates, Contributions, and Sums of Money which may
become payable under this Act by the said Universities re?!pectively, and their
respective Halls and Colleges, may be recovered from such Universities, Halls,
and Colleges in the same Manner in all respects as Rates, Contributions, and
Sums of Money may now be recovered from them by virtue of any such Local
Act.vU

On the 26th. of October, a poll was taken on the election of
Public Orator in the room of Thomas Crick, B.D. resigned. The
candidates were William Henry Bateson, B.D. President and
senior Bursar of St. John's College, who had 458 votes, and the
Rev. Rowland Williams, M.A. Fellow and Tutor of King's College,
who had 396 votes.

At a Congregation held on the 31st of October, Graces were in-
troduced for adopting the regulations proposed in the parts A, B.
C, D, and E, respectively of the subjoined Report :(2)

The Syndicate appointed(3) to consider whether it is expedient to aflFord
greater encouragement to the pursuit of those studies for the cultivation of
which Professorships have been founded in the University, and if so, by what
means that object may be best accomplished, beg leave to make the following
Report : —

The Syndicate, admitting the superiority of the study of Mathematics and
Classics over all others as the basis of general education, and acknowledging,
therefore, the wisdom of adhering to our present system in its main features,
are nevertheless of opinion that much good would result from affording greater
encouragement to the pursuit of various other branches of science and learning
which are daily ar^uiring more importance and a higher estimation in the
world, and for the teaching of which the University already possesses the
necessary means.

In accordance with this view the Syndicate recommend as follows : —

(A).

That, at the beginning of each academical year, the Yicechancellor shall
issue a programme of the subjects, places, and times of the several Pro-
f essor's Lectures for the year then to ensue.

That all students who, being candidates for the degree of B.A., or for the
honorary degree of M.A., are not candidates for honours, shall, in addition
to what is now required of them, have attended, before they be admitted to

(1) Stat, U & 12 Vict. c. 63, ss. 31, 34, 93. 105.

(2) Published 8th April, 1848,

(3) By Grace 9th February, 1848, when the votes thereon were Non-Regents: placets
13; non-placets 4. Regents; placet 13; non-placets 3.

1848] VICTORIA. 703

examination lor their respective degrees, the lectures delivered duri'og one
term at least, by one or more of the following Professors : —

Regius Professor of Laws,

Regius Professor of Physic,

Professor of Moral Philosophy,

Professor of Chemistry,

Professor of Anatomy,

Professor of Modern History,

Professor of Botany,

Woodwardian Professor of Geology,

Jacksonian Professor of Natural and Experimental Philosophy,

Downing Professor of the Laws of England,

Downing Professor of Medicine,

Professor of Mineralogy,

Professor of Political Economy ;
and shall have obtained a certificate of having passed an examination satis-
factory to one of the Professors whose lectures they have chosen to attend.

That all Students, who, being candidates for the degree of B.C.L., do not
pass the examinations for the first class in that faculty, shall, in addition to
what is now required of them, have attended, before they be allowed to keep
their Act, the lectures delivered during one term at least, by one or more of
the following Professors : —

Regius Professor of Physic,

Professor of Moral Philosophy,

Professor of Chemistry,

Professor of Anatomy,

Professor of Modern History,

Professor of Botany,

Woodwardian Professor of Geology,

Jacksonian Professor of Natural and Experimental Philosophy,

Downing Professor of Medicine,

Professor of Mineralogy,

Professor of Political Economy ;
and shall have obtained a certificate of having passed an examination satis-
factory to one of the Professors whose lectures they have chosen to attend.

That this regulation shall apply to all students answering the above de-
scriptions -^vho shall commence their academical residence in or after the
Michaelmas Term of the year 1849.

That a new Honour Tripos be established, to be called the Moral Sciences
Tripos, the places in which shall be determined by an examination in the
following subjects: —

Moral Philosophy,

Political Economy,

Modern History,

General Jurisprudence,

The Laws of England.
That the Examiners for the Moral Sciences Tripos be the Regius Professor
of Laws, the Professor of Moral Philosophy, the Professor of Modern History,
the Downing Professor of the Laws of England, the Professor of Political

'701. VICTORIA. [1848

Economy, together with one additional Examiner to be nominated by the Vice-
chancellor and appointed by grace of the Senate; and in case any of the above-
mentioned Professors be prevented from examining in any year, deputies to
examine instead of them shall be nominated by the Vicechancellor and appointed
by. grace of the Senate.

That the examination for the Jloral Sciences Tripos shall commence on the
second Monday after the general admission ad respondendum quajstioni, and
shall continue four days.

That all students who shall have passed the examinations and kept the
exercises required for the degree of Bachelor of Civil Law, or of Bachelor of
Physic, or who shall have passed the examinations entitling to admission ad
respondendum qusestioni, may be candidates for honours in the Moral Sciences
Tripos next succeeding sucli examinations.

That the candidates for honours in the Moral Sciences Tripos whom the
examiners shall deem worthy of an honour shall be arranged by them in three
classes, the places to be determined by estimating the aggregate merits of each
candidate in all the subjects of the examination. And that in these classes marks
of distinction shall be affixed to the names of such of the candidates as have
shewn eminent proficiency in particular subjects.

That the first examination for the Moral Sciences Tripos, under the regu-
lations now proposed, shall take place in the year 1851.

(c).

That anew Honour Tripos be established, to be called the Natural Sciences
Tripos, the places in which shall be determined by an examination in the
following subjects :--

Anatomy,

Comparative Anatomy,

Physiology,

Chemistry,

Botany,

Geology.

That the examiners for the Natural Sciences Tripos be the Regius Professor
of Physic, the Professor of Chemistry, the Professor of Anatomy, the Professor
of Botany, the Woodwardian Professor of Geology, together with one addi-
tional examiner to be nominated by the Vicechancellor and appointed by
grace of the Senate ; and in case any of the above-mentioned Professors be
prevented from examining in any year, deputies to examine instead of them
shall be nominated by the Vicechancellor and appointed by grace of the
Senate,

That the examination for the Natural Sciences Tripos shall commence on the
sixth Monday after the general admission ad respondendum qusestioni and shall
continue four days.

That all students who. shall have passed the examination and kept the exercises
required for the degree of Bachelor of Civil Law, or of Bachelor of Physic,
or who shall have passed the examinations entitling to admission ad responden-
dum qusestioni may be candidates for honours in the Natural Sciences Tripos
next succeeding such examinations.

That the candidates for honours in the Natural Sciences Tripos whom the
examiners shall deem worthy of an honour shall be arranged by them in three
classes, the places being determined by estimating the aggregate merits of each

1848] VICTORIA. - 705

candidate in all the subjects of the examination. And that in these classes
marks of distinction shall be affixed to the names of such of the candidates
as have shewn eminent i3roficiency in paiticular subjects.

That the first examination for the Natural Sciences' Tripos, under the

regulations now proposed, shall take place in the year 1851.

(D).

That, with a view to encourage attendance at the Lectures of the Mathe-
matical Professors, and to secure a correspondence between those Lectures
and the Mathematical Examinations of the University ; and also as a means
of communicating to the Students themselves, from a body of experienced
Examiners and Lecturers, correct views of the nature and objects of our
Mathematical Examinations, the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics, the
Plumian Professor of Astronomy, the Lowndean Professor of Geometry and
Astronomy, and the Jacksonian Professor of Natural and Experimental
Philosophy, together Avith the Moderators and Examiners for Mathematical
Honours for the time being, as well as those of the two years immediately
preceding, be constituted a Board of Mathematical Studies ; whose duty it
shall be to consult together from time to time on all matters relating to
the actual state of Mathematical Studies and Examinations in the Uni-
versity; and to prepare amiually and lay before the Vicechancellor a
Keport, to be by him published to the University in the Lent or Easter
Term of each year.

The Syndicate, having respect to the great importance of the study
of Theology, and with the view of giving increased efficiency to the regula-
tions already established for the promotion of it, further recommend —

That all persons who present themselves for Examination at the Theo-
logical Examination, established by Grace of the Senate May 11, 1842, be
required to produce a certificate of having attended the Lectures delivered
dxiring one term at least, by two of the three Theological Professors, viz.
the Regius Professor of Divinity, the Margaret Professor of Divinity, and
the Norrisian Professor of Divinity.

That the Regulation now proposed shall first come into operation at
the Theological Examination in the Michaelmas Term of the year 1850.

Robert Phelps, Vicechancellor.

John Graham. Henry G. Hand.

W. Whewell. W. Hopkins.

H. Philpott. J. J. Smith.

Alfred Ollivant. C. Merivale.

Henry S. Maine. J. Mills.

John Haviland, W. H. Thompson.

James Challis. Edward Waeter.

VOL. IV. 4 T

706 VICTORIA. [1848

All the Graces were earned, the votes being as follow —

NON-REGENTS. REGEIirTS.

Placets. Non- Placets. Placets. Non- Placets.

(A) .... 101 41 67 34

(B) .... 94 44 61 39

(D) . . . . 97 38 71 28

(E) . . . . 84 41 57 35

At the election of two Councillors for each Ward on the 1st of
November, there was a contest in Trinity Ward. The votes were —
Joseph Wentworth, 174; James Johnson, 127; John Dennis, 100;
James Martin, 66.

On the 7th of November, a piece of land, containing about 10 acres,
situate near the Mill Road, which had been purchased by subscription^'^
for the purpose of a Cemetery for the twelve Parishes on the southern
side of the river Cam, was consecrated by Dr. Turton, Bishop of Ely,
attended by the Parochial Clergy, and the Mayor and Council in their
formalities.

On the 8th of November, a Grace passed to authorize the removal
of the University Muniments from the room they then occupied in
the Pitt Press, and which was damp and ill ventilated, to the great
room in the same building, which had been occupied by the Mesman
collection of pictures.

A large number of members of the Civil Service of India, who were
students at the East India College at Haileybury at various intervals during
the thirty years that the Rev. Charles Webb Le Bas, M.A. (formerly
Fellow of Trinity College in this University,) was connected with that
institution, in testimony of their regard to Mr. Le Bas, and to perpetuate
the memory of kis services, raised a fund, amounting to about £1,920,
3 per Cent. Consols, for founding an annual Prize in this University

(1) The subscription originated at a town meeting held at the Guildhall (the Mayor
in the chair) on the 6th November, 1844. The sum subscribed up to the 20th November,
1848, was £4948 19s. &d.; of which sum £364 Is. has been reserved for the erection of
a Chapel, £300 for a repair fund, and £53 for the procuring an additional burial-ground
for the transpontine parishes of St. Giles and St. Peter. The principal contributions were
as follow— Trinity College, £400; St. John's College, £200; Peterhouse, £100; Caius College,
jtflOO: Corpus Christi College, £100; Catharine Hall, £100; Jesus College, £100; Trinity
Hall, £50; Christ's College, £50; Emmanuel College, £50; Duke of Northumberland,
Chancellor of the University, and Thomas Mortlock, Esq., £100 each; Dr. John Graham
Bishop of Chester, £70; Christopher Pemberton, Esq,, and the Rev. J. Brown, M.A., Fellow
of Trinity College, £65 each; Ralph Tatham, D.D., Master of St. John's College, and
William Whewell, D.D., Master of Trinity College, £60 each; Rev. George Maddison, M.A.,
Vicar of All Saints, Rev. John Cooper, M.A., Vicar of St. Andrew the Great, Dr. Charles
Perry Bishop of Melbourne, Gilbert Ainslie, D.D., Master of Pembroke Hall, Benedict
Chapman, D.D., Master of Caius College, William French, D.D., Master of Jesus College,
Rev. Edmund Mortlock, B.D., Fellow of Christ's College, and Rev. Francis Martin, M.A.,
Fellow of Trinity College, £50 each.

1849] VICTORIA. T07

for the best English Essay on a subject of General Literature: such
subject to be occasionally chosen with reference to the history, insti-
tutions, and probable destinies and prospects of the Anglo-Indian
Empire. Regulations with respect to this Prize were approved of by
the Senate on the 22nd of November.

1849.

In the early part of the year, a fund for the relief of the poor during
the more severe portion of the winter, was raised by general subscription.
The Dissenters also raised a separate fund for the like purpose.

On the 14th of January, the Rev. J. J. Smith, of Caius College,
proposed a Grace for the appointment of a Syndicate to consider whether
it is advisable tq institute an Examination of Students previous to re-
sidence. It was rejected in the Non-Regent House : the votes being,
Placets, 11; Non-Placets, 29.

On the 7th of March, the Senate appointed a Syndicate to revise
the Statutes of the University.

On the 2nd of April came on the election by the Council of a
Coroner of the Borough, that office being vacant by the resignation
of Charles Henry Cooper, the Town-Clerk. The votes were, for David
King, 16; for Joseph Deacon Fetch, 14.

On the 21st of April, a County Meeting, convened on the requisition
of above 300 owners and occupiers of land, was held at the Shire-House
near the Castle, to take into consideration the distressed state of agri-
culture: Ebenezer Foster, Esq., High-Sheriff, presided. Alexander
Cotton, Esq., proposed a resolution to the effect that if the free-trade
system were persisted in the tenant-farmer would be ruined. This was
seconded by John Fryer, Esq., and carried. Thomas St. Quintin, jun.
Esq., proposed, and Mr. Charles Culledge, of March, seconded a reso-
lution affirming the opinion of the meeting, that in a highly-taxed
country like this protection was necessary to " enable the sons of native
industry successfully to compete with the cheap labour of other lands."
Edward Hicks, Esq., proposed, and Mr. Edward Ball, of Burwell, se-
conded Petitions to both Houses of Parliament for the restoration of
protective laws; whereupon Mr. Edmund Wells proposed, and Henry
Hall, printer, seconded amended Petitions in favour of a reduction of
the public expenditure, vote by ballot, and a further reform in the
representation. This amendment was lost (only 20 hands being held
up in its favour) and the original petitions adopted. The Hon. Elliot

08 VICTORIA.

1849

Thomas Yorke, M.P,, Richard Greaves Townley, Esq., M.P., and Lord
George Manners, M.P., having addressed the meeting, Mr. Bryant and
Thomas Archer, Esq., of Ely, proposed a resolution with respect to the
presentation of the Petitions; which being carried, the thanks of the
meeting were voted to the High-Sheriff, who declared himself favourable
to a fixed duty on the importation of foreign corn; and said he had
always looked upon free-trade as a bubble that would burst, and he
believed that that consummation was near at hand.

On the 28th of April, the Senate voted Petitions against a Bill for
altering the law prohibiting Marriage within certain degrees of affinity.
The votes were — Non-Regents: Placets, 35; Non-Placets, 15. Regents:
Placets, 33; Non-Placets, 10.

On the 17th of May, the Council voted a Petition to the House of
Lords, praying that the Freemen's-Lands Bill^^^ might be so amended
as to embrace within its operation the common lands of cities and
boroughs, in which the Freemen thereof have no rights or interest.

On the 29th of May, Dr. Cookson, Vicechancellor, (with the con-
cm-rence of Drs. Lamb and Ainslie, his assessors) as visitor of Clare
Hall, decided certain appeals, having for their object a decision as
to the legality of the conduct of Dr. Webb, the Master, in depriving
William Ferdinand Lewis Fischer, M.A., of an Exeter Fellowship in
that College. The grounds on which the Master rested his defence
were : 1st. that Mr. Fischer was Professor of Natural Philosophy at
St. Andrew's, and an incorporated member of that University; and a
College statute directed, that if any Fellow should be elected and
admitted a Fellow at any other College in the University, or without,
he should lose all the right and title which he had in Clare Hall.
2nd. That Mr. Fischer had been for a year in possession of a clear
annual income, which could never be prejudicially disturbed, exceeding
the limit prescribed by the College statutes and a Visitor's decree
thereon. 3rd. That Mr. Fischer had subscribed a test (viz. the con-
fession of faith and formula of the Church of Scotland) incompatible
with his being a ho7ia jide member of the Church of England. The
Visitor decreed, 1st. That the College statute as to admission to a
Fellowship in another College, appeared to relate only to Colleges
and Fellowships of the same character and description as those which
exist in the University of Cambridge, and that Mr. Fischer's Fellowship
at Clare Hall was not rendered void by his being elected and admitted

(n This Bill did not pass.

1849] VICTORIA. 709

Professor of Natural Philosophy, and as such an incorporated member
of the united College of St. Salvator and St. Leonard in the University
of St. Andrew's. 2nd. That Mr. Fischer's annual income was wanting
in that security for life, which, according to the Visitor's decree on the
subject, is necessary to the rendering of a Fellowship void. 3rd. That
the Master had no authority to declare Mr. Fischer's Fellowship vacant
on the third ground, either by the College Statutes or the Laws of
the Realm. The Visitor accordingly pronounced in favour of Mr.
Fischer's election to a Fellowship on the Diggon foundation, which had
taken place on the day following his deprivation as an Exeter Fellow.^^^

On the 2nd of August, the Council gave a notice, under the Lunatic
Asylum Acts,^^^ to the Secretary of State, of their intention to assume
the powers given by those Acts to Justices of the Peace.^^^

On the 7th of August, died, aged 73 years, Mr. William Adams,
formerly an extensive woollen draper, in this town. By his wdll,
amongst numerous other charitable bequests,^^^ he gave (including
legacy duty), £. s. d.

To Addenbrooke's Hospital 220 0 0

To the Hospital of St. Anthony and St. Eligius ... 220 0 0

To the Victoria Asylum^^^ 200 0 0

To the Female Refuge 220 0 0

To the Mechanics' Institute 55 0 0

To the British and Foreign School ...11000

To various Benefit Societies , 165 0 0

To 30 inmates of Almshouses £5 each 150 0 0

To the Baptist Congregation, St. Andrew's Street, for

clothing the Poor 330 0 0

To the Old Lying-in Society 19190

(1) The follov,?ing publications relate to the above appeals.

1. The Argument of the Master of Clare Hall, on an Appeal of the Rev. W. F. L.

Fischer, Professor of Natural Philosophy in the University of St. Andrew's,
against the Judgment of the Master in having declared his Fellowship in Clare
Hall vacant — Camb. 8vo. 1849.

2. A Reply to the "Argument" of the Master of Clare Hall, for declaring vacant the

Fellowship of William Lewis Ferdinand Fischer, M.A., in consequence of the
admission of the latter gentleman to the chair of Natural Philosophy in the
University of St. Andrew's. By the Rev. James Burdakin, Senior Fellow (in
residence) of Clare Hall, and an appellant, with others, to the Visitor against
the proceedings of the said Master in this matter. — Camb. Svo. 1849.

3. The Case of Mr. W. F. L. Fischer, M. A., Fellow of Clare Hall. Judgment of the

Visitor. — Camb. Svo. and 12mo, 1849.

(2) 8& 9 Vict. c. 12n; 9 & 10 Vict. c. 84; 10 & 11 Vict. c. 43.

(3) An agreement for uniting the County of Cambridge, the Isle of Ely, and the Borough
of Cambridge, for the purposes of the above Acts, was entered into 30th August, 1848. The
respective quotas of the expenses are fixed as follows : County 9-19ths, Isle 7-19ths, Borough
3-19ths. The number of the Committee of Visitors is fixed at 20; viz, 9 for the County, 7 for
the Isle, and 4 for the Eorough. A Lunatic Asylum in the Parish of Fulbourn is now (1851)
in course of erection.

(4) Mr. Adams gave (including duty) to various Missionary Societies, the Bible Society,
and Religious Tract Society, £1339 195, To the Baptist Academies at Bristol, Bradford, and
Stepney, £220 each ; to the Dissenting Sunday School at Coton £200 ; to the Poor of Barton,
£200 ; and to a Disabled Ministers' Fund £110.

(a) Mr. Adams was also in his lifetime a considerable benefactor to this institution>

710 VICTORIA. [1849

Early in the morning of Sunday, the 16th of September, a fire
broke out in a house in the occupation of James Lodge, clothier, on
the Market Hill, and that house and seven others^^^ adjoining it were
entirely destroyed. The damage was estimated at £12,000.^^^

On the 26th of October, a Public Meeting of the Inhabitants was
held at the Guildhall, on the subject of Sunday Labour in the Post
Office. Mr. Alderman Brown presided as Deputy Mayor. The Rev.
Professor Scholefield proposed, and Mr. T. S. Woodley seconded a
resolution expressive of deep concern at the promulgation of an order
at the General Post Office, requiring the transmission of country letters
through London on the Lord's Day. John Eaden, jun. Esq., proposed.
Alderman Ekin seconded, and Alderman C. F. Foster supported an
amendment, and contended that the proposed change would decrease
Sunday labour. H. H. Harris, Esq., and Alderman R. Foster dis-
approved of the original motion, but declined to support the amend-
ment. Mr. F. Eaden, Mr. Henry Smith, and J. H. Mills, Esq., severally
deprecated the opposition to the government measure, and Professor
Scholefield withdrew his resolution. The Rev. C. Clayton, M.A.,
moved as an amendment to Mr. John Eaden's proposition, that
the meeting regarded the transaction of all Post Office business on
the Lord's Day, as unnecessary and injurious. This was seconded by
Alderman R. Foster, and carried by a large majority. The Rev.
Robert Roff proposed, and Mr. H. Marshall seconded a Memorial to
Lord John Russell embodying the efi'ect of Mr. Clayton's amendment,
and such Memorial was unanimously adopted.^^^

Four of the Wards were contested at the annual Election of two
Councillors for each on the 1st of November. The Votes were :
East Barnwell Ward— Thomas Coward,^'^ M.A., 231 ; Charles Wagstaff,
209; Edmund Wells^'^ 199; Henry Webb, 182. West Barnwell Ward-
William Baker, 166; Charles Asby, 144; Juner Perry Lawrence, 49;
James Preston, 3. Trinity Ward — Henry Edward Chisholm 184 ; Edward

(1) Three on the Market Hill, three in St. Mary's street, and one in "Warwick-street.

(2) In consequence of the clearance effected by this fire, the Council, on the 26th of
September, unanimously resolved to apply to Parliament for power to purchase for the
enlargement of the Market, all the property lying between the western side of the Market
Hill and Great St. Mary's Church, and an act for this and other purposes received the
royal assent 15th July, 1850.

(3) There was no Sunday delivery of letters at the Country Post Offices from the 23rd
June till the 1st September, 1850.

(4) A quo-warranto information was afterwards filed in the Court of Queen's Bench against
Mr. Coward, on the ground that in all his voting-papers he was described as of Gonville
Place, whereas he really resided in Newmarket Road. Judgment was given for the Crown
on the 2Gth April, 1851, and on the 1st May following Mr, Wells took his seat at the Council,
he and Mr. Wagstaff having had the majority of legal votes.

1349] VICTORIA. TU

Rist Lawrence, 163; Charles Balls, 151. St. Andrew's Ward — Richard
Rowe, 166; Joseph Deacon Fetch, 156; John Frederick Constable, 102.

On the 5th of November, there was a contest on the Election of a
Councillor for St. Andrew's Ward, in the place of David Matthew,
who had ceased to be a burgess. The votes were for Charles Balls
204; for Robert Sayle 169.

On Sunday the 12th of November, the roof of St. Michael's Church
was destroyed by an accidental fire, which was discovered just as the
congregation were assembling for morning service.^'^

The loth of November was observed as a day of General Thanks-
giving for the removal of the Cholera. The Mayor and Council attended
divine service in the morning at Great St. Mary's, where in the afternoon
a sermon was preached before the University. There were also sermons
in the other churches and in the various Dissenting chapels, and upwards
of £214 was collected for Addenbrooke's Hospital.

The Senate on the 5th of December passed a Grace, accepting the
offer of Dr. William Whewell, Master of Trinity College and Professor
of Moral Philosophy, to give annually, so long as he holds that Pro-
fessorship, two Prizes of £15 each, to the two persons who show the
greatest proficiency in Moral Philosophy in the examination for the
Moral Sciences' Tripos.

On the 7th of December, Lord Cottenham, Lord Chancellor, decided
an appeal to her Majesty, as Visitor of Catharine Hall, by Charles
Wycliffe Goodwin, M.A., complaining of his not being allowed to ex-
ercise the powers and privileges of a Fellow of that College. The
statute of the College relating to the election of Fellows contains this
clause —

Eligantur tantum, vi commode fieri potest, Presbyteri aut Diaconi;
aut alioqui provideatur ut ex numqro Socionun duo ad minimum sint
Presbyteri et unus Diaconus. Si autem aliquis ex illis discesserit, senior
juxta admissionem eorum qui nondum sunt Presbyteri aut Diaconi, intra
unius anni spatium Presbyterum aut Diaconimi prout hujus statuti ratio
postulaverit se fieri curet, aut alioqui a Collegii emohcmentis recedat, nisi
fuerit aliquis ex junioribus qui in decendentis Presbyteri aut Diaconi
locum sua sponte succedere velit.

The College insisted that the Petitioner, by neglecting to take Orders
within a year from the time at which there had ceased to be the full

(1) This Church having been extensively repaired and improved at the cost of about
£3000, was reopened for divine service on the 18th October, 1850, on which occasion sermons
were preached by the Rev. William Whewell, D.D., Master of Trinity College, and the Rev.
Professor Scholefield.

112 VICTORIA. [1849

number of clerical Fellows, and in consequence of the number not being-
filled up by any of the junior Fellows taking Orders, had absolutely
forfeited his FellowshiiD. The Petitioner, however, argued that the
Statutes merely required him to give up the pecuniary emoluments
arising from his Fellowship in the interval during which the full number
of clerical Fellows was incomplete. The Lord Chancellor was clearly of
opinion that the College had put the proper interpretation on the words
of the statute, and therefore dismissed the Petition.^"

The University appealed against a poor-rate imposed by the parish
of Saint Mary the Less in respect of the Fitzwilliam Museum, on the
ground that that building was not liable to be assessed : but the Counsel
ultimately consulted by the University being of opinion that the claim
to exemption was not tenable, the Senate, on the 12th of December,
passed a Grace, authorising the Vicechancellor to discontinue further
opposition to the demand of the Parish.

On the 24th of December, the Senate voted an address of condolence
to her Majesty on the death of Adelaide the Queen Dowager.^*^

(1) Macnaghten and Gordon's Reports, i. 473 ; Hall and Twells' Reports, i. 601.

(2) Presented by Prince Albert, Chancellor, and Dr. Cartmell, Vicechancellor, 9th January
1850.

END OF VOLUME IV.

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